EA012167B1 - Removable surface covering - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a removable surface covering comprising a combination of lower supports with plastic support legs and upper ceramic parts which are joined to the supports by means of contact faces and with the aid of an adhesive material, such as to form covering modules which are interconnected using tongue-and-groove anchoring elements. According to the invention, the plastic supports and the ceramic parts are joined using a thick layer of adhesive which covers almost all of the contact surfaces thereof. In addition, the ceramic parts are equipped with channels and a peripheral notch which house respectively ribs and a frame belonging to the plastic support. The thickness of the adhesive extends over at least part of the thickness of the ribs and the frame of the plastic support. In another embodiment of the invention, the parts are joined at strategic points with a chemical-mechanical connection.

Description

The present invention relates to a removable surface coating, in particular to easily removable flooring, terraces, etc., from which water and other liquids easily fall on it.

The coating according to the invention is primarily intended for surfaces on which rainwater and swimming pool water fall.

The coating according to the invention can be used not only for exterior surfaces, but also indoors and even with appropriate modifications to protect vertical surfaces.

Proposed in the invention, the coating can be widely used, in particular, for outdoor swimming pools, terraces and lawns for picnics and garden plots, various indoor surfaces, surfaces of ships and other floating equipment, surfaces in premises for working with food (refrigerators for storage of food, kitchens in places of public catering, etc.), for pedestrian areas in ports and on beaches.

In addition, the proposed in the invention, the coating can be used not only as a drainage system, but also as a system for laying on the appropriate surface of ceramic tiles mounted on plastic substrates.

The present invention is to provide a strong connection with each other of the two parts, forming a separate module removable cover and interconnected by one of its surfaces.

Each module of the coating proposed in the invention consists of an upper ceramic tile and a base (carrier) with short legs resting on the surface to be covered with the coating and has an internal chamber in which the water falling onto the coating and penetrating into this chamber accumulates, passing between the ceramic tiles of adjacent coating modules.

Another objective of the present invention was to develop a coating with an effective drainage system (drainage) of water or other liquid falling on the free surface of each ceramic tile.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide the ability to compensate for the small difference in the size of ceramic tiles, which inevitably appears in the process of their manufacture.

Another advantage of the coating proposed in the invention is the possibility of vertical movement of each individual ceramic tile without affecting adjacent tiles, which is especially important when replacing broken tiles or replacing one coating with another. Another objective of the present invention is to strengthen the decorative part of the coating and increase the strength of its adhesion to the supporting base of plastic and increase the insulating and soundproofing properties of the coating.

Proposed in the invention of a new coating has high resistance to shock loads and high strength of the connection of its individual elements.

The level of technology

At present, various coatings are widely known, including coatings for external surfaces and surface areas around swimming pools with a drainage system for draining rainwater and water from a swimming pool falling on the external surface of the coating.

In some cases, such coatings are made of plastic tiles with an internal cavity of a certain height into which rainwater flows from the outer surface of the tile (§1017499).

Such coatings have certain disadvantages of hygienic nature and require a lot of work to maintain the proper appearance.

In other cases, coatings are used in the form of tiles made of porous materials that provide the necessary drainage of a certain amount of water, but at some point are completely soaked with water, which then remains on the outer surface of the coating. In addition, in some cases, in the pores of such tiles, various fungi and bacteria gather and begin to multiply.

Coatings in the form of tiles are also known, the lower part of which is made of plastic, and the upper part is made of ceramic material, which are described, for example, in EP 03/040491, EP 044371, EP 256189 and ΌΕ 199662812.

These coatings also have certain disadvantages, in particular the difficulty of replacing ceramic tiles, which often break or require replacement for some other reason.

Summary of the Invention

To solve the above problems and eliminate the drawbacks of the known coatings, the present invention proposes a removable surface coating, characterized in that it is assembled from separate modules consisting of lower bearing drainage base elements and mounted on

- 1 012167 of these upper tiles, rainwater falling on them, swimming pool water or other liquid does not remain on the outer visible surface of the coating, but flows into the lower chamber formed by supporting drainage elements through dividing channels between adjacent tiles made of ceramic or other similar material.

The modules assembled with each other form a protective coating, the water falling on the outer surface of which flows into the lower chamber formed by the supporting elements of the base, made essentially of plastic.

The coating according to the invention with ceramic tiles located on its outer surface fully meets the requirements of hygiene.

The bearing elements of the modules have a flat shape and holes or channels for the passage of water, formed by a grid of short support legs, as well as elements located on the side edges for connecting with the supporting elements of adjacent modules.

In the coating assembled from modules, ceramic tiles of which are attached to the lower bearing elements (bases), channels remain between adjacent tiles through which water or another liquid falling onto the upper surface of the coating merges into the lower chamber formed by the supporting elements.

In a coating made in another embodiment, the ceramic tiles tightly adjoin each other with their side edges and have small holes through which water is drained into the lower chamber formed by the supporting elements of the modules.

In another embodiment of the coating, the ceramic tiles have channels, the bottom walls of which are inclined towards the outer edge of the tile and contribute to the runoff of water from the outer surface of the coating to the channels separating the adjacent tiles.

The supporting elements (bases) of the modules of the coating according to the invention can be made of any material suitable for this purpose, but preferably of low density polyethylene.

Another distinctive feature of the coating proposed in the invention is the use of glue applied at certain points to connect the upper tiles with the bases of the modules, which, when pressing the upper tile to the base, fills the cavities of the base and the grooves of the upper tile and forms a chemical-mechanical connection of the tile with the base.

Such a connection has high strength and at the same time allows you to disassemble the coating and replace individual tiles without affecting the adjacent tiles. The glue filling the cavities and grooves during hardening forms essentially rivets located at certain points, which are torn when replacing the ceramic tile removed from the base.

The method of joining the upper tiles with the bases of the modules according to the invention provides savings in adhesive and at the same time allows their relative movement. This method of connection also provides the possibility of vertical movement of the replaced ceramic tiles.

Another distinctive feature of the coating proposed in the invention is the convex shape of the outer surface of the ceramic tiles, along which the water falling on them freely flows to the edges of the tiles.

In any case, one of the points on the outer surface of the tiles should be located above its other points. This can also be achieved by making individual sections of the outer surface of ceramic tiles form a multi-slope roof.

In the coating according to the invention, the width and length of the bases of the modules are larger than the width and length of the ceramic tiles, which makes it possible to compensate for small deviations of the sizes of the ceramic tiles, which inevitably arise in the process of their pressing.

For more efficient drainage of water on the outer surface of the ceramic tiles, you can provide grooves running from the center to the edges of the tiles. The bottom walls of these grooves have a slight slope or a gable roof shape.

At the edges of the bases of the modules of the coating of the invention, there are holes for screws, with which the bottom surface of the base, if necessary, is attached to the corresponding floor surface.

The modules consisting of bases and ceramic tiles are connected in a spike with adjacent modules.

The carrier element (base) of the module is connected to the ceramic tile by a chemical-mechanical joint with the help of glue and spikes, which fit into the corresponding grooves made on the reverse side of the ceramic tile.

The coating according to the invention is distinguished by the shape of the plastic bases of the modules, made in the form of a supporting structure consisting of a square peripheral frame and a lattice of internal coplanar fins, which, when the module is assembled, enter into the grooves made on the back side of the ceramic tile and when the adhesive surface is filled with adhesive and ceramic tiles mechanically and chemically with high precision firmly connect them to each other.

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The strength of the connection of ceramic tiles with the bearing plastic base of the module can be increased by filling the glue with small through slots made on the inside of the base frame. When assembling ceramic tiles with a base, these slots are combined with the corresponding small grooves made on the edges of the ceramic tiles. For the mechanical and chemical combination of ceramic tiles with a plastic base, a layer of glue is applied to the entire bottom surface of the ceramic tile adjacent to the base frame and to the grooves for the ribs, which spreads over the tile surface and, after hardening, significantly increases its strength and resistance to impact and gives the assembled ceramic tile and the plastic base of the module is necessary in some cases, good heat and sound insulating properties.

In addition, on top of the ribs of the supporting structure of the base, in the places of their connection with short legs, there are small, inverted-truncated cone-shaped protrusions that go into recesses made in the grooves on the reverse side of the ceramic tile. On the edges of the base of the module, other protrusions having the same shape can be made. The presence of such protrusions completely immersed in the adhesive, evenly spaced over the entire area of the module, significantly increases the mechanical strength of the connection of its base with ceramic tiles.

The frame of the module base may also have short legs and corresponding elements for connecting into the spike with the frames of the adjacent modules.

Free edges of the coating, which are not embedded in the wall or on the surface on which the coating is placed, can be trimmed with special narrow decorative profiles that are attached to the edges of the respective modules.

Such narrow decorative profiles have special projections that attach them to the legs located on the edge of the plastic base of the module.

Below the invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying description of the drawings, which only illustrate the present invention and do not limit its scope.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the module of the removable surface coating according to the invention elementwise.

FIG. 2 shows a sectioned view of FIG. 1 module.

FIG. 3 shows a section of another plane showing the module of a removable surface coating according to the invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the alternative module of a removable surface coating according to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view shown in FIG. 4 module.

FIG. 6 is shown in section through another plane as shown in FIG. 4 module.

FIG. 7 shows a ceramic tile in the plan view on the reverse side, which is part of a module for a removable cover according to the invention. In this embodiment, each coating module consists of a base with short legs and ceramic tiles connected to the base with a layer of glue.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a base made of plastic, which is part of the shape shown in FIG. 7 separate cover module.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a ceramic tile, a base made of plastic and narrow decorative profiles for finishing the free edges of the coating.

FIG. Figures 10 and 11 show, in cross-section and on an enlarged scale, the elements of ceramics joined together by adhesive and made of plastic from the base of the module of the removable cover according to the invention.

The preferred embodiment of the invention

The removable coating according to the invention is assembled from separate modules consisting of a plastic base 1, 1 ', 1 with support legs and ceramic tiles 2, 2', 2, stacked on each other and connected by glue 3 or otherwise. The bases of the coating modules have short legs 5, 5 ', 5, which abut against the surface, which is covered with a removable coating according to the invention.

In the first embodiment of the invention, the lower bases of the modules 1 have through holes 4 and short legs 5, which form a drainage chamber inside the module, into which rainwater flows, water from swimming pools or other liquid falling onto the outer surface of the coating. The bases of the 1 modules also have grooves 12.

The bases 1 of the individual modules of the coating of the invention also have complementary fasteners 6 and 7 for connecting adjacent modules with each other.

When assembling the modules, the edges of the upper ceramic tiles 2 are aligned with the edges of the lower bases 1 in such a way that in the assembled floor between the adjacent ceramic tiles there are dividing channels 8, which in the modules 6 and 7 connected to each other with dividing channels 9 between their lower grounds 1.

Water falling onto the ceramic tiles 2 flows into the drainage chamber through the

- 3 012167 dividing channels located along the perimeter of each module between adjacent ceramic tiles and supporting elements.

In addition, on the outer surface of the ceramic tiles 2 there are made shallow grooves 10 for the drain of water, which go to the separation channels and have a slight slope in the direction of the outer edges of the ceramic tiles 2.

To limit the relative movement and increase the strength of the connection of ceramic tiles with the base of the module on the lower surface of ceramic tiles 2 are made recesses 11, which include protrusions of the plastic base 1.

Evenly distributed over the entire lower surface of the base 1 in a large number of short support legs 5 increase the bearing capacity of the coating according to the invention, which can even withstand the weight of the car.

In the second embodiment of the invention, the bases of the modules are connected to the ceramic tiles with glue 3, which is filled in the grooves 13 made in the ceramic tiles 2 'and the corresponding cavities of the bases 1'.

As shown in FIG. 5, the base cavity filled with glue consists of through holes 14, which, after pressing the ceramic tile to the base, are filled with liquid glue, which spreads along the lower surface of the base and acquires the shape of a mushroom 15 with a cap in the holes and as it hardens chemically and mechanically (similarly to rivets) different points connects ceramic tiles with the base.

FIG. 6 shows tapered holes 16 made at the base, which are also filled with glue, which after hardening forms a kind of rivets 17, which firmly connect the base with the ceramic tile.

In the bases 1 ′ of individual modules along short legs 5 ′, resting on the surface on which the coating is placed, through holes 4 are made, forming together with the legs, as in the first embodiment of the invention, inside the coating there is a drainage chamber for draining rainwater, water from pool or other liquid falling on the outer surface of the ceramic tiles of the coating.

For the connection of adjacent modules when assembling the coating, fasteners 6 'and 7', designed on the bases 1 ', are intended.

When assembling the modules, the edges of the upper tiles 2 'are aligned with the edges of the bases 1' in such a way that, in the laid flooring, as in the first embodiment, between the upper tiles 2 'of the adjacent modules there are gaps 8 that form the separation channels 8, which coincide with the fixing elements 6 'and 7' channels 9 between their bases.

In the coating thus assembled, the water falling on the ceramic tiles 2 'through the channels located at the edges of the modules freely flows down into the drainage chamber.

In addition, shallow grooves 10 'for running off water can be made on the outer surface of ceramic tiles 2', which go to the separation channels and have a slight slope towards the outer edges of ceramic tiles 2 ', or paired sloping areas resembling a gable roof.

Evenly distributed in a large number of bases 1 'in a large number of short support legs 5' increase the load-carrying capacity of the coating, which can even withstand the weight of the car.

For better drainage of water, decorative surfaces located on the free edges of ceramic tiles 2 'have different heights, which gradually decrease from the middle part to the edges of the tiles. Such decorative surfaces can be made convex, for example, in the form of a hipped roof.

At least on one of the lateral sides of the plastic base 1 ′, holes protruding beyond the edge of the ceramic tile (like fastening elements) can be made for mechanically fixing the module to the floor or wall. The presence of such holes allows you to fix the individual modules of the coating in those places in which, without such attachment, they can slide over the surface of the floor or wall.

Modules offered in the third embodiment of the invention (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) removable coatings consist of plastic-made bases 1 and upper ceramic tiles 2, which are connected to each other with a thick layer of adhesive 3 applied to almost the entire surface the fit of the tile to the base, and when assembling the coating are connected in the spike fasteners of plastic bases 1, made in the form of small spikes 6 and grooves 7.

The plastic carrier 1 (base of the module) consists of a peripheral frame 18 and a grid of intersecting ribs 19, which, when the module is assembled, enter intersecting grooves 20 made on the reverse side of the ceramic tile 2.

When the module is assembled, the peripheral frame 18 of the base 1 is aligned with the recess 21, which runs along the entire perimeter of the corresponding ceramic tile 2 and has a portion 22 projecting beyond the edge of the tile with a slight angle of inclination.

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On the inner side of the frame 18 of the plastic base 1, small slots 23 are made, which are filled with glue 3 and additionally increase the strength of the connection between the frame and the ceramic tile.

The plastic base 1 of the module has a large number of short legs 5, made on its ribs 19 and on the peripheral frame 18.

On top of the ribs 19 of the supporting structure of the base in the places of their connection with short legs 5 small protrusions 24 are made with a head in the form of an inverted truncated cone, which go into recesses 25 made in the grooves 20 on the reverse side of the ceramic tile 2.

On top, the ribs 19 of the plastic base 1 are made with a head 26, which has an inverted trapezoid cross-sectional shape, which, in addition to the projections 24 with a conical head, significantly increases the mechanical strength of the connection of the plastic base with ceramic tiles and increases the efficiency and rigidity of the entire module.

On the reverse side of the ceramic tile between the grooves 20 and the peripheral recess 21, there are a plurality of truncated pyramid-shaped protrusions with a rectangular base 27, which also increase the strength of the connection between the plastic base of the module and the ceramic tile.

In addition, narrow decorative profiles 28 and 29 with a semicircular cross section are used to trim the free edges of the coating.

The decorative profiles 28 and 29 have T-shaped protrusions 30 on one of the sides, which, together with the short legs 5 of the peripheral frame 18 of the base 1 of the module, are designed for fastening the decorative profile to the base of the module.

Claims (16)

1. A removable surface coating, characterized in that it consists of separate modules, each of which consists of lower bases (1, 1 ', 1) with short support legs (5, 5', 5) to support the surface covered by the coating and the upper tiles (2, 2 ', 2) laid on the bases and connected with them by glue or in another similar way, and has separation channels (8) located between the edges of adjacent tiles that communicate with other separation channels (9) passing between adjacent bases in which at intervals are located up to the anchor elements (6, 6 ', 6) and (7, 7', 7) of the bases filling each other and through which all water falling on the coating and flowing through the dividing channels between the tiles flows down into the drainage chamber formed by the short legs of the bases. 2. The removable surface coating according to claim 1, characterized in that on the adjacent surfaces of the bases and tiles are spikes and grooves complementary to each other in shape, which increase the strength of the joints between the tiles and the bases. 3. A removable surface coating according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that on the outer free surfaces of the tiles there are shallow grooves (10, 10 ') for draining water, going to the dividing channels (8, 9) and having a slight slope in the direction of the outer edges tiles. 4. A removable surface coating according to claim 1, characterized in that through holes (4) and grooves (12) are made in the bases (1, 1 '). 5. A removable surface coating according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the adhesive connecting the tile and the base in each module is applied to certain points at which some of the grooves (13) of the ceramic tiles (2 ') are located opposite the recesses, made in the bases (1 '), while the adhesive that remains soft while pressing the tile to the base forms a kind of rivet at these points and chemically and mechanically connects the tile and the base. 6. A removable surface coating according to claim 5, characterized in that the recesses in the plastic bases (1 ') are made in the form of through holes (14) filled with adhesive taking the shape of a mushroom (15) with two caps, one of which is located in the groove (13) in the tile (2 '), and the second - in the area of the free surface of the base (1'). 7. A removable surface coating according to claim 5, characterized in that the recesses in the bases (1 ') are in the form of conical holes (16). 8. A removable surface coating according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the middle point of the decorative free surface of the ceramic tiles (2, 2 ', 2) is located above its other points to better drain the water falling on it. 9. A removable surface coating according to claim 8, characterized in that the decorative free surface of the ceramic tiles (2, 2 ', 2) has a slight bulge. 10. A removable surface coating according to claim 8, characterized in that the decorative free surface of the ceramic tiles has the shape of a multi-pitched roof. 11. A removable surface coating according to the preceding paragraph, characterized in that the base (1) - 5 012167 consist of a square peripheral frame (18) and a lattice of ribs (19), which, when assembling the tile with the base and when installing the frame (18) in the peripheral recess (21), made on the back of the ceramic tile (2), enter grooves made on it (20), and when glue is poured over the entire contact surface between the base (1) and ceramic tile (2), the adhesive at least partially covers the thickness of the frame (18) and the ribs (19) of the plastic base (1). 12. A removable surface coating according to claim 11, characterized in that the ribs (19) of the plastic bases (1) are made at the top with a head (26) having a sectional shape of an inverted trapezoid and immersed in glue (3). 13. A removable surface coating according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that on top of the ribs (19) at the points of their connection with the short legs (5), small protrusions (24) are made with a head in the form of an inverted truncated cone, which are included in the filled glue (3) the recesses (25) made in the grooves (20) on the back of the ceramic tile (2). 14. A removable surface coating according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the bottom of the frame (18) has slots (23), which, when assembling the tiles with the base, are filled with glue (3). 15. A removable surface coating according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that it has narrow decorative profiles (28, 29), which are attached to the outer short legs (5) of the frames (18) on the free edges of the coating. 16. A removable surface coating according to claim 15, characterized in that the narrow decorative profiles (28, 29) have T-shaped protrusions (30) with which they are attached to the legs (5) of the plastic bases (1).