EA017390B1 - Sloping roof system and insulating board for sloping roof systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an insulating board (6) for a sloping roof system, with an insulating material body which has a flat base surface and a top surface and also side surfaces (14) which connect the base surface to the top surface, wherein the base surface is oriented anti-parallel to the top surface such that the top surface has at least one inclination in relation to the base surface, wherein the insulating material body is of sandwich-like design and has at least one first layer (11) with heat- and/or sound-absorbing properties, in particular of mineral wool, preferably of rock wool. In order to provide an insulating board (6) for a sloping roof system, which board has improved mechanical properties such that it firstly can resist a high compressive and shearing stress and secondly is suitable for the formation of a sloping roof system and of a kit associated therewith, it is proposed that the first layer (11) is connected to a second layer (13) which has different mechanical properties, in particular compressive strengths and/or flexural strengths, from the first layer (11) and is composed of a material which differs from the first layer (11) and has at least greater flexural rigidity.

Description

The invention relates to an insulating board for an inclined roofing system comprising an insulating body having a base and an upper surface, as well as side surfaces connecting the base to the upper surface. The base is oriented antiparallel to the upper surface, so that the upper surface is inclined, at least with respect to the base. The insulating body is multilayer and has at least one first layer having heat and / or sound insulating properties and made of mineral wool, preferably mineral wool from rocks. Furthermore, the invention relates to an inclined roofing system for a flat roof or a flat inclined roof, consisting of an insulating layer laid on a support, in particular, on a roof base mounted from profiled trapezoidal metal sheets with a foil coating, in particular air barrier. The insulating layer consists of insulating elements in the form of plates and is covered with the outer skin of the roof, and at least part of the insulating elements in the form of plates contains an insulating body made of a multilayer and having at least one first layer with heat and / or sound insulation properties and made of rockwool, preferably from rockwool from rocks.

A wide variety of insulation elements and roof structures are known in the art. A flat or flat sloping roof of the aforementioned type typically consists of an insulating layer laid on a support with a foil coating applied. The insulating layer is additionally covered with the outer skin of the roof. The support may include a support structure.

The supporting structure of a flat or flat sloping roof consists of trusses installed on columns at regularly repeating distances from each other or resting on external enclosing walls. In order to obtain space for halls without columns, they are trying to achieve large spans. Farms consist, for example, of steel profiles, steel frame structures, reinforced concrete beams, plywood beams or wooden box beams. On the upper trusses of the trusses in the transverse direction, laths or rafters are attached to them. At least in wooden supporting structures, these supporting elements are also referred to as waist battens. Although the following description relates to lattice roof structures, it can equally apply to waist roof structures.

As a support for the roof system, monolithic concrete ceilings, concrete components, formwork made of solid wood or wooden materials and profiled trapezoidal metal sheets are used. Timbering from wooden materials is limited to plates measuring 2.5x2.5 m. The dimensions of the profiled metal sheets of a trapezoidal shape are limited by the possibility of transportation. Metal coatings of any desired length are profiled from a roll in place. This is usually also possible for profiled metal sheets with a trapezoidal base for the roof. By giving the sheet blanks an appropriate shape, the moment of resistance of the cross section of the profiled metal sheets of a trapezoidal shape can be changed within wide limits, or the thickness of the metal sheet can be adjusted to the shapes of the cross section. Conventional spans of profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape for their function as multi-span beams are 6 m.

Distinguish between flat and inclined roofs and non-operated and operated roofs.

Due to the loads on the supports and formwork, but especially because of the sealing of the roof, standing water is considered harmful. Initially, the gaseous parts of the atmosphere can dissolve in precipitation and can lead to a significant decrease in pH, since their boiling point when dried above the boiling point of water. Humidity binds dust, dirt and seeds and promotes the formation of algae and plant growth, accompanied by the formation of humus and organic acids. Organic and inorganic acids can have an aggressive effect on roof sealing. The formation of crusts alone can lead to harmful effects at the joint joints between the individual roof sealing systems, which (joints) are usually considered a weak point.

In order to avoid the accumulation of precipitation, the foundations or supporting structures of roof systems should be designed with a slope of 2% (1.15 °). Roofs with a lower slope are special structures and require special measures to prevent or reduce the risks caused by stagnant water. The Manual for the installation of flat roofs (P1a1 RooG Sshbeyiev) clearly indicates that standing roofs with a slope of up to 3 ° (~ 5%) are inevitable.

Atmospheric water should be discharged in a short way. On roofs with a slope of up to 5 °, an internal drainage from the roof occurs through drainage funnels, which must be provided at the lowest points of the areas from which the drainage is made, and which must be at least 50 cm from the upper roof structure or other passages through the roof sealing system. The channels leading to the drain funnels must have a sufficient slope. The drain funnels themselves should not be any thermal bridges. They should be inspected and maintained regularly and must be easily accessible.

Unexploited roof areas are not intended for people on the roof

- 1 017390 repeatedly and for a long time, and are not intended to be used for the purpose of moving or landscaping. These roofs are available purely for maintenance and general maintenance purposes. As for landscaping, it is necessary to distinguish between intensive and extensive landscaping, the latter corresponding to gravel surfaces that were common in the past.

To meet the requirements for saving thermal energy, the roof top structures usually should include a heat-insulating layer.

The roof top structure of the aforementioned type typically comprises a base of profiled trapezoidal metal sheets, for example, an air barrier having the effect of suppressing water vapor diffusion, an insulating layer formed by mineral wool insulation material, preferably rock wool insulation panels, and sealing roofs formed by sheets of plastic or rubber (elastomer), which are fixed in profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape to screws Extending through the insulating layer.

To form an air barrier, polyethylene films of very small thickness — about 100 microns — are often used. These films are freely spread on the upper belts of profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape, and, in general, they can not absorb the load. On the other hand, sheets of elastomeric material coated with a metal foil and glued to the upper chords of profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape have a certain bearing capacity.

Further, the establishment of differences between different materials for sealing the roof will not be carried out. These materials are commonly referred to as roof sealing sheets, even if ready-made coatings, such as elastomer, are used.

Mineral wool insulation materials are composed of man-made fibers produced by glass formation, partially bonded in small amounts, mainly organic binders, such as thermosetting phenolic or formaldehyde polyureas. In order to impart hydrophobicity to the insulation material throughout the entire volume, they are additionally impregnated with additives like oils or resins.

In trade, there are distinguished insulating materials from glass wool and mineral wool from rocks. These two types have different chemical compositions of the fibers and, therefore, are manufactured using different technological processes in different devices. Rockwool insulation materials contain up to about 35% non-fibrous particles, while glass wool insulation materials generally do not contain these particles. However, special insulating materials from mineral wool from rocks that do not contain fibrous particles or contain them in very small quantities are also offered on the market. In addition, reusable fibers in an amount of up to 2-25 wt.% Are added to the insulating slabs of rockwool from rocks, which are usually added to the flakes of primary fibers without any binders and which, therefore, practically do not contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties insulating materials.

For this reason, insulating materials from mineral wool from rocks differ from insulating materials from glass wool and other insulating materials from mineral wool in their heat resistance. Rock wool insulation materials include all those mineral wool insulation materials that have a melting point <1000 ° C in accordance with standard ΌΙΝ 4102, part 17.

For the manufacture of a thermal insulation layer, factory-made mineral wool insulation materials are used according to the standard ΌΙΝ 13162. The compressive strength of these mineral wool insulation is <40 kPa at 10% compression. In order to achieve this compressive strength, using as little material as possible, and thus saving weight, in the manufacturing process of producing endless fiber sheets that are mixed with unfixed binders and impregnated with additives, are compressed in the vertical and horizontal directions. In this process, individual fibers or agglomerations of primary fibers are bent on each other or on themselves in the transport direction. Across them form mainly horizontal layers, as a result of which the bending strength in this direction is much higher than in the direction of transportation. An increase in the proportion of binders is not an acceptable option because of the risk of loss of the non-flammability of the insulating material, as well as for cost reasons.

In order to use the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the roofs under consideration, insulating roof slabs are designed as multi-span beams, i.e. with as large dimensions as possible across the profile of profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape. These trapezoidal shaped metal sheets have an internal width of more than 150 mm between the upper chords. To cover this width, the Flat Roof Guide requires

- 2 017390 minimum thickness of mineral wool insulation boards 120 mm. According to the previous formula, half the inner width between the upper profile profiles of trapezoidal shaped metal sheets was calculated as the minimum thickness, although this formula was based on insulating boards in which the fibers lie flat relative to both large surfaces.

Rock wool insulation boards have common densities ranging from about 130 to about 170 kg / m ³ , including non-fibrous parts and recycled fibers. After deducting non-fibrous particles, the resulting net densities are less than 90 g / m ³ or more than 70 kg / m ^{3 of} primary fibers, including binders. Large-sized insulating slabs for roofs are used with dimensions of, for example, 21.2 m (length x width).

The surfaces of mineral wool insulating slabs from rocks react sensitively to stresses when walking on them or when handcarts, bag trolleys or forklifts move along these surfaces. The profiles of the soles of the shoes and the profiles of the wheels of vehicles, such as the sharp edges of the wheels of the forklift trucks, cause not only compressive loads on these surfaces, but also shear stresses. When in places above the lower belts of profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape walk or ride in the longitudinal direction, the harmful effects of these loads are noticeably exacerbated.

Due to its hydrolysing effect, rainwater falling on unprotected surfaces of insulation boards weakens commonly used thermosetting resins and the structure of the insulation material. In addition, pseudo-natural moisture losses usually occur due to relaxation effects in rock wool insulation material.

With an increase in the total density to approximately 180-220 kg / m ³ in a layer 10–25 mm thick under the upper large surface, the resistance of the insulation boards for roofs increases, and the specific stress of the structure of the insulation material decreases due to a more favorable introduction of forces.

The proper organization of laying work and the use of suitable vehicles help to avoid the transport of heavy bales of parts of the insulating layer made of insulating boards and their damage. For subsequent work that may be required, for example, making connections to attics, firewalls, recesses and / or other parts of the building, installing domed anti-aircraft lights and gutters, etc., it is necessary to lay additional pressure-compensating plates. But when designing, these precautions are not regularly taken into account, since organizational work and the costs of these measures are often avoided.

In addition, non-operating areas of roofs must be regularly visited for maintenance and cleaning. This service includes, among other things, gutter inspection and garbage collection. Unexploited roofs must be visited, for example, for the maintenance and cleaning of air conditioning systems, antennas, lightning protection systems, billboards, chimney vents and / or anti-aircraft dome lights. This leads to the formation of tracks that are distinguished by damaged insulation boards. To avoid these damages, mats or slabs made of scrap rubber are laid, and concrete slabs or lightweight grilles are laid on mats or slabs of scrap rubber, or flooring made of lightweight grilles is additionally laid on concrete slabs.

Another problem with flat or flat sloping roofs is associated with runoff, including melt water. In most cases, standing water on the roof sealing can only be avoided by tilting the base of the upper roof structure at about> 3 °. Unfortunately, even in new buildings, the supporting structures are designed and constructed without a sufficient inclination, or their permissible sagging is neglected. The allowable sagging of profiled trapezoidal metal sheets is 1/500, which corresponds to at least 12 mm in ordinary spans of 6000 mm. For battens and trusses, slack of a similar magnitude should be considered.

The deepest points of the partial zones, previously determined by battens and trusses, become apparent only after the completion of the entire upper structure of the roof, including superimposed loads. The positions of these deepest points can change even under the influence of weather, for example, due to snow deposits. Therefore, several usually additional drainage funnels are fixed only after establishing the places of the deepest points. These additional works and these additional installations are expensive. In order to avoid these costs, drainage funnels are preferably placed close to battens or on trusses and, therefore, almost on the lines of the greatest height of the entire roof structure.

Usually, in order to construct a drain with a small number of drain funnels, inclined roofing systems are provided that are additionally built on the insulating layer and which, if arranged in pairs, form a channel. In order to avoid stagnant water in this channel and to direct precipitation to drainage funnels, additionally provide inclined roofing systems with valleys, which are always built in pairs, so that a protruding central ridge is formed, and two side surfaces inclined downward together with the surfaces of the inclined roofing system respectively form endovy. Between two drain funnels located at

- 3 0173 390 in the vicinity, preferably there are two inclined roofing systems with valleys, one relative to the other such that the precipitation is directed in two opposite directions, i.e. towards the corresponding drainage funnels.

When calculating the heat resistance of the roof top structure, the insulating elements of inclined roof insulation systems are a factor that is taken into account. But in order to avoid thermal bridges and, in particular, to achieve sufficient positional stability of the inclined roofing system on profiled trapezoidal metal sheets and, thus, the necessary bearing capacity, a heat-insulating layer made of large-sized mineral wool insulation boards from rocks is usually required. Inclined roofing systems can also be installed on top of existing, i.e., old, upper roof structures.

To limit the height of inclined roofing insulation systems, they are located opposite each other on large areas of the roof and are saddle-shaped elevations, each with a ridge line and with channels passing between them. Inclined roof insulation systems can extend to the bounding parts of the building, such as attics, firewalls, upper buildings and other recesses. But in most cases, commercially available inclined roof slabs are installed here, which form a plane with an inclination to the side of the bounding structure. In trade, this plane is still called a reverse slope, even if the rest of the upper structure of the roof is flat, that is, there is no reverse slope.

The inclined roof systems available on the market consist of several molded rock wool bodies, the large external surfaces of which are inclined at least with respect to the generally horizontal supporting surfaces. The inclination angles generally do not exceed 1.15 ° (~ 2% downward slope), which is explained by the large amount of insulating material required at large inclination angles, and the costs, which in this case, naturally increase. Shaped bodies of rockwool from rocks correspond to each other in height and width. After a certain height has been reached, additional molded rock wool bodies are laid on a flat insulating roof slab, and a greater height can be obtained with fewer molded bodies.

Inclined roofing insulation boards having a smaller thickness can be cut out of rock wool insulation panels in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and, thus, they usually have the same structure as rock wool insulation panels. Inclined roofing insulating slabs having a large thickness are made up of separate sections of slabs exposed at right angles to the roof surface, the side surface of which is cut off at an angle corresponding to the desired angle of inclination. Due to this predominantly rectangular orientation of the mineral fibers in the slab sections, increased compressive strength is achieved, or the density of the slab sections can be reduced at the same level of compressive strength.

For use in the above-described roofs, insulating (sound and / or heat-insulating) layers must be sufficiently resistant to deformation and temperature, and, as a basis for sealing the roof, they must be sufficiently wear-resistant and dimensionally stable. For cost reasons and in order to prevent, as far as possible, the formation of thermal bridges, we use mineral wool rock insulating slabs provided for this purpose, as, in fact, planar prismatic insulating slabs, i.e., insulating slabs in the form rectangular parallelepiped. Such insulation boards can be made at low cost. They can be stacked, transported and quickly stacked without being highly qualified. For cost reasons and because of their higher load-bearing capacity, large slabs are preferred having dimensions of, for example, 21.2 m (length width). Small insulation boards having dimensions, for example, 1.25 m or 1.0 m long and 0.6 m or 0.625 m wide, are used only for minor areas or on solid substrates.

The surfaces of mineral wool insulating slabs from rocks are relatively sensitive to repeated mechanical stresses that occur, for example, when wheeled and manual carts, forklifts, etc. step on the slabs or the like. The effects of these conventional compressive loads are exacerbated by shear stresses created by profiled soles of shoes or tire profiles. While two layers of bitumen retain some pressure-compensating effect and significantly reduce the aforementioned surface shear stresses, this cannot be said for thin plastic or rubber sheets.

In order to improve the surface properties, in particular, the availability for maintenance or the bearing capacity of mineral wool insulating slabs of rocks, a coating layer is designed to be densified to a high density of 220 kg / m ³ , with a thickness of approximately 2 cm. But the long-term effect of this layer depends on the stiffness of the rest of the insulating body. If the latter is often subjected to stresses, even this coating layer will crumble like an ice floe.

It is necessary to distinguish between roof insulation boards and inclined roof insulation boards: the latter have an inclined surface in at least one direction. When using

- 4 017390 the use of inclined roofing insulating slabs, which can be installed, for example, in the endo of inclined roofs, the inclined surface can be sloped to one side or the other side, thus forming a double slope.

On the other hand, inclined roofing systems are known, consisting of separate inclined roofing insulation boards, which have a length of 900 mm and a width of 600 mm in the base, in the downward slope direction, by means of which a 2% slope can be created on the roof area. The thickness of individual inclined roofing insulation boards in this inclined roofing system is 40-184 mm. Due to possible damage, even during manufacture, it is usually avoided to produce inclined roofing insulation boards or other unprotected molded bodies having a thickness close to zero at the end.

If you wish to increase the base length of this inclined roofing system, a layer consisting of flat roofing insulation boards is inserted, so that the first of the corresponding inclined roofing insulation boards can usually be continued.

In order to limit the thickness and volume of the inclined roofing insulating slabs necessary for the construction of the inclined surface of the roof, saddle-shaped elevations are formed, through which channels are created in which the drain funnels are located.

In light of the above-described prior art, the present invention is based on the task of creating an insulation plate for an inclined roofing system with improved mechanical properties so that this insulation plate can withstand high compressive loads and shear stresses, on the one hand, and is suitable for the construction of an inclined roof roofing system and for the acquisition of the corresponding building kit, on the other hand. In addition, the present invention is based on the task of creating an inclined roofing system for a flat or inclined flat roof, which can be easily built, preferably with only a small number of building parts, and which additionally has the necessary mechanical properties, especially mechanical strength.

The problem is solved by an insulating plate of the type described above, in which the first layer is connected to the second layer having mechanical properties, in particular, compressive strength and / or bending strength, different from the mechanical properties of the first layer, and consisting of a material that differs from the material the first layer and at least has a higher bending stiffness.

Regarding the task of creating an inclined roofing system in accordance with the invention, the problem is solved in that the second layer has mechanical properties, in particular compressive strength and / or bending strength, different from the mechanical properties of the first layer, and consists of a material that differs from the material of the first layer and at least has a higher bending stiffness.

Further distinctive features of the proposed insulation board and the proposed inclined roofing system will become apparent from the respective dependent claims and the following description of further improvements and embodiments of the insulation board and the inclined roofing system.

In the proposed insulating board, the rectangular structure of the base, i.e. side surfaces are oriented relative to each other at right angles. Such insulating boards can be easily laid on sections of a conventional roof and, moreover, can be easily cut with conventional cutting tools.

In accordance with another distinguishing feature of the invention, the second layer of the insulating board is made of a molded body consisting of a material resistant to compression and / or having high bending strength, in particular, a magnesian binder, for example, cement 8ote1, or from a mixture binders with magnesia binder. The advantage of this design is that the corresponding second layer is quite resistant to compression, so that you can walk and / or ride on the insulating board. This embodiment of the second layer, consisting of a magnesia binder, further has the advantage that the fire characteristics corresponding to the manufactured insulation board do not deteriorate.

According to a further development of this embodiment, at least the first layer is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and is located on a molded body that forms at least a second layer. Alternatively, at least the second layer is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and connected to a molded body forming at least the first layer. Thus, it is proposed that the first layer having heat and / or sound insulation properties is made, in particular, of mineral wool, preferably of mineral wool from rocks, in the form of an element in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, namely, a conventional insulating board, and that the second layer, having mechanical properties different from the mechanical properties of the first layer, has a flat large surface located over the entire area of the large surface of the first layer, and the second large surface is second layer extends antiparallel to the large surface of the first layer. In addition, the insulation plate can be made

- 5 017390 from the first layer having two large surfaces extending antiparallel to each other, and the second layer with mechanical properties different from the mechanical properties of the first layer is applied to one surface of the first layer, and the second layer is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. In this latter embodiment, the advantage is that the first layer having heat and / or sound insulating properties can be easily shaped to shape by cutting the corresponding layer as a molded body, for example, from a block of mineral wool, for example, mineral wool from rocks .

In accordance with the further development of the proposed insulation plate, the insulation body has at least one side surface extending parallel to the slope and oriented toward the base at an angle deviating from the right angle. In accordance with another development of the invention, the side surfaces have a height of at least 5 mm, and the insulation plate is formed on its entire surface by a zone, namely: a layer with heat and / or sound insulation properties, and a zone, namely: a layer having high compressive strength and / or bending strength. Thus, the heat and / or sound insulation properties of this insulating board are provided over its entire surface, for example, its surface resting on an inclined roof.

The first mineral wool layer preferably has an orientation of the fibers toward its large surface. The advantage of this design is that the compressive strength of this first layer is increased.

In accordance with another distinguishing feature of the invention, the second layer, consisting of a compression-resistant material, contains two-dimensional reinforcement made of woven, non-woven fabrics, fiberglass rovings, plastic and / or natural fibers. In addition, this measure serves to improve the mechanical properties, especially the compressive strength and / or bending strength of the second layer, so that this second layer has at least high bending stiffness, even if the thickness of this layer is relatively small.

In accordance with another feature of the invention, the second layer, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may additionally contain certain amounts of dispersions or emulsions of water glass, organically modified silicates (ormosil), silica glass and / or plastic.

In accordance with another distinguishing feature of the invention, to improve its mechanical properties, the second layer, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may contain at least an internal reinforcement of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool. In this case, it turned out to be advantageous to produce a second layer consisting of a compression-resistant material with a content of up to 40 wt.%, Preferably up to 25 wt.% Of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool.

The layers of mineral fibers and, for example, cement 8ote1, which must be joined, preferably bonded or laminated one on top of another at one of the stages of manufacture.

In accordance with another distinguishing feature of the invention, the second layer, consisting of a compression-resistant material, in particular a magnesian binder, contains fine-grained additives from brucite, aluminum oxide hydrate and / or titanium oxide, in particular in amounts up to 25 wt. %

Preferably, these two layers are located one on top of the other and flush with each other to form a body having a flat side surface so that the insulation made of these insulating plates contains plates with side surfaces abutting one on one across the entire surface.

According to another feature of the invention, it is possible that the second layer having an upper surface protrudes at least in comparison with the side surface of the first layer containing the base. In this case, the protruding second layer can rest on an adjacent insulation board and thus cover the common area of two adjacent insulation boards. Thus, the protruding second layer serves as a seal of the transition zone between two adjacent insulating plates of the roof system.

According to another feature of the invention, a second layer having an upper surface has a material thickness of about 2-25 mm, preferably about 3-10 mm. The second layer, made in this way, has a material thickness sufficient to form, together with the aforementioned features, a sufficiently compressive and / or hard layer. In addition, the thickness of the material is selected so that the total mass of the insulation plate is within the range that allows one person to work with it. In addition, the thickness of the material allows large-size insulating plates, which do not require machines and mechanisms to help when laying the plates in the roof system.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a coating is laid on the surface of the insulating body, in particular on the second layer, in particular a coating in the form of a web with a random arrangement of artificial fibers. The advantage of this embodiment is that due to this coating, the connection between the two layers is improved, and the fabric with a random arrangement of artificial fibers may have a reinforcing

- 6 017390 action.

In accordance with the further development of the proposed insulation plate, the compression resistant and / or hard layer is made of different thicknesses depending on the mechanical stresses that arise during operation. The second layer may, for example, be made with a greater thickness in the area of the paths for passage and / or passage. In addition, these zones can be made visually recognizable due to the special color, grain size, etc.

As for the aforementioned coating, it can overlap at least one, preferably two adjacent side surfaces of the insulating body, preferably a second layer having an upper surface. In this case, the coating can again overlap the adjacent insulating plate, at least in part, and in this regard, the coating performs the sealing function. Moreover, the coating can be made in such a way that it itself adheres, at least in the overlap zone, and at the same time it can simply and easily adhere to the coating of an adjacent insulation plate or with an adjacent insulation plate.

In accordance with another feature of the invention, at least one side surface of the first layer containing the base has at least partial compression and / or hard coating, said coating being made of the same material as being resistant to compression and / or hard second layer. Such an insulating board is especially suitable for roof edge zones, and this layer protects both the upper surface of the insulating material and the side surface from damage.

To further improve the proposed insulation plate in yet another embodiment of the invention, a first layer is provided comprising a base made of segments. Preferably, the segments of the first layer are glued and / or connected to each other using a compressive and / or rigid second layer. In addition, the segments can be located on the support layer and, preferably, connect, in particular, stick together with it. This embodiment can be further developed, for example, by making the support layer of a material suitable for heat and / or sound insulation purposes, in particular of mineral fibers.

According to another characteristic feature of the invention, the insulating body comprises a first layer with heat and / or sound insulation properties, in particular of mineral fibers, a second layer of compressive and / or rigid material, in particular of magnesian binder, placed on the first layer , a third layer with heat and / or sound insulating properties, in particular of mineral fibers, placed on the second layer, and, finally, the fourth layer of compressive and / or rigid material, in particular of magnesian binder . Thus, this insulating board is designed as a multilayer element and has high mechanical strength and excellent heat and / or sound insulation properties.

The above-described insulating board is further improved by making the first layer compressible. Due to this compressibility of the first layer, this insulation board can be easily adapted to the unevenness of the roof support on which the insulation board is laid.

In these insulating boards, it turned out to be advantageous to produce a second layer and a fourth layer from identical materials, since this simplifies the manufacturing process.

The following illustrates particularly preferred embodiments of the proposed inclined roofing system.

Preferably, the proposed inclined roofing system develops further due to the insulating element in the form of a plate laid on a support. The insulating element in the form of a plate has at least one side surface oriented to the upper large surface in the insulating layer and to the lower large surface in the insulating layer of the insulating element at an angle deviating from the right angle, and the lower large surface is made larger than the upper large surface insulating element.

Gutter systems for controlled rainwater runoff are known. In accordance with the invention, insulating elements having an inclined surface serve this purpose. With these insulating elements having an inclined surface, inclined roofing systems are mounted that serve, for example, to divert rainwater into the drainage system of an inclined roofing system.

In accordance with the further development of the proposed inclined roofing system, the angle of the superimposed insulating elements or molded parts towards the support decreases. When placing several insulating elements or molded parts one above the other, surfaces that extend obliquely at an angle to the horizontal exhibit progression in the form of an arc or in the form of an arc segment.

The molded parts are preferably bonded, in particular glued, to the side surface of the insulating element integrating these molded parts and / or to the layer of the insulating element below to guarantee the complex structure of the individual parts of the structure of the inclined roofing system.

In addition, it is proposed that the insulating element in the region of its upper large surface in the insulating layer is arcuate and / or preferably bent into segments. This construct

- 07 017390 tion significantly improves the functioning of the insulating element for the removal of precipitation, especially rainwater, into the roof's own drainage system and, in particular, prevents the accumulation of water on the roof surface.

In addition, the side surface of the plate-like insulating element oriented to the upper large surface in the insulating layer and to the lower large surface in the insulating layer at an angle deviating from the right angle can also be arched, in particular concave, to achieve the above-mentioned advantages in this type of insulating element of inclined roofing system.

In accordance with the further development of the proposed inclined roofing system, at least one surface of the molded part adjacent to the side surface and / or the adjacent insulating element contains a compressive and / or rigid layer, at least on their parts. This layer protects the molded part or insulating element from damage caused by the onset or also caused by weather influences, for example, precipitation and / or solar radiation. According to a further development of this embodiment, a compressive and / or hard layer extends over a portion of the side surface to protect this side surface from damage and weather.

In addition, it has been found to be advantageous to extend the compressive and / or rigid layer along the side surface and to the support and, preferably, position it on a part of the support. In addition, this embodiment serves to protect structural elements of the inclined roofing system from mechanical stresses, for example, compressive stresses, bending stresses and shear stresses, and, again, from the effects of weather, especially precipitation and / or high solar radiation.

In accordance with another characteristic feature of the invention, the insulating element has two large surfaces, each of which contains a layer of material different from the material of the first layer having heat and / or sound insulation properties and at least having a higher bending stiffness . Insulating elements made in this way can also be used in areas of inclined roofing systems designed for passage and / or passage.

In accordance with another distinguishing feature of the invention, one large surface of the insulating body is formed as a flat base located antiparallel and at least tilted with respect to the second large surface of the insulating body, the insulating body having side surfaces connecting the base to the second large surface. Accordingly, insulating elements, similar to those described above in the form of an insulating board, can always be used in the proposed inclined roofing system. Therefore, the above-described distinguishing features and designs of the proposed insulating board can be implemented in insulating bodies that are used in this inclined roofing system. Accordingly, with regard to the advantages of these insulating bodies, reference should be made to the above-described insulating boards.

Further distinguishing features and advantages of the proposed insulation board and the proposed inclined roofing system will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying graphic material, which shows preferred embodiments of the insulation board or inclined roofing system. In this graphic:

FIG. 1 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system;

FIG. 2 general view of the insulating board for an inclined roofing system;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the insulating board shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 general form systems; insulating slab for inclined roofing FIG. 5 general form insulating slab for inclined roofing systems:

- 8 017390

FIG. 6 side view of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 7 side view of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 8 general view of the insulating element for an inclined roofing system; FIG. nine general view of the insulating element for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 10 general view of the insulating element for an inclined roofing system; FIG. eleven a side view of the insulating element shown in FIG. 10; FIG. 12 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. thirteen side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 14 side view of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. fifteen side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. sixteen side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 17 side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. eighteen side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. nineteen side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. twenty side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 21 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 22 side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 23 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system;

- 9 017390

FIG. 24 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 25 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 26 side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 27 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 28 side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 29th side view of part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. thirty general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 31 general view of a part of an inclined roofing system; FIG. 32 side view of a part of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 33 side view of a part of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 34 side view of a part of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 35 side view of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 36 side view of an insulating board for an inclined roofing system; FIG. 37 side view of insulating board for inclined roofing system.

FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of an inclined roof system for a flat roof 1, consisting of a roof covering and a base for a roof 2, which has an upper surface 3 with a film seal 4 located thereon, in particular an air barrier. An insulating layer 5 made of several plate-like insulating elements 6 is laid on the film seal 4. The insulating elements 6 are laid out in several rows adjacent to each other. In FIG. 1 also shows the central part 7 of the insulating layer 5. In this central part 7 there are additional drainage holes 8. The central part 7 of the insulating layer 5 consists of inclined insulating plates 9, additionally laid on insulating elements 6. The design of these inclined insulating plates 9 will be described later . As shown in FIG. 1, the plate-shaped insulating elements 6 have a surface 10 disposed antiparallel to the second, opposed surface 10, which rests on the film seal 4. The surfaces 10 of the insulating elements 6 in the same row have the same orientation and are connected flush with the surfaces 10 of the insulating elements 6 adjacent row. The insulating elements 6 with their surfaces 10 generally form a surface on one side of the central part 7, which is inclined towards the central part 7, so that atmospheric water falling on the surface 10 will drain towards the central part 7.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the central part 7 at a distance from each other there are two drainage holes 8. On both sides of the drainage holes 8 there are inclined insulation plates 9. The inclined insulation plates 9 between the two drainage holes 8 form an inclined roofing system with valleys designed in such a way that precipitation flows in opposite directions, i.e. to the sides of the drain holes 8. Inclined insulating plates 9 are attached to the insulating elements 6, which are an integral part of the insulating layer 5.

In FIG. 2 and 3, the insulating element 6 is shown in a perspective view and in a side view. The insulating element 6 consists of an insulating body of mineral fibers bound by a binder. The insulating body forms the first layer 11 of insulating elements 6 and has a large surface 12. The insulating body has a second layer deposited on it 13. The second layer 13 is almost in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and has a large surface 10 of the insulating element 6. Large surfaces 10 and 12 are antiparallel each other. Thus, the large surface 10 is inclined relative to the large surface 12.

- 10 017390

Two layers 11 and 13 have different mechanical properties, namely: compressive strength and flexural strength. The compressive strength of the first layer 11, namely the insulating body, is lower than the compressive strength of the second layer 13.

In addition to surfaces 10 and 12, the insulating element 6 has side surfaces 14 that are oriented at right angles so that the two side surfaces 14 respectively extend parallel to each other, forming a rectangular base for the insulating element 6. This base corresponds to a large surface 12.

The second layer 13 and the first layer 11, namely the insulating body, are glued so that the insulating element 6 is integrally formed from the insulating body and the second layer 13. As shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the insulating body in the region of its side surfaces 14 has a height of at least 5 mm, so that the entire second layer 13 is engaged from below by the insulating body. In order to increase the compressive strength of the insulating body or the second layer 13, the first layer 11 has an orientation of the fibers towards the surface 12. In addition, the second layer 13 contains a two-dimensional reinforcement of fiberglass, housed in the second layer 13.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the side surfaces 14 of the insulating body and the side surfaces 14 of the second layer 13 merge flush with each other, so that the corresponding side surfaces 14 of the insulating body 11 and the second layer 13 are flat.

Further development of the insulating element 6 shown in FIG. 2 and 3 can be seen in FIG. 4. In addition to the structural elements of the insulating element 6 shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the insulating element 6 in FIG. 4 has a surface 15 in the form of a web with a random arrangement of plastic fibers on the surface 10 of the second layer 13. The coating 15 may adhere to the surface 10 so as to be flush with this surface. Alternatively, this coating may protrude beyond the side surfaces 14 so as to rest on an adjacent insulation element 6 of their adjacent insulation elements 6.

In FIG. 2-4 show embodiments of an insulating element 6 with a surface 10 inclined in a direction relative to the surface 12. In contrast to FIG. 2-4, in FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of an insulating element 6, which has a structure corresponding to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, but with two slopes of the surface 10 relative to the surface 12, passing at right angles to each other, as shown by arrows 16.

FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of an insulating element 6 having a triangular cross section in which a surface 10 opposite the right angle is formed with a second layer 13. This insulating element can be used, for example, in the area of the roof edge, especially in the attic area 32.

FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the insulating element 6 in combination with an insulating plate 17, which is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and consists of mineral fibers bound by binders. The insulating element 6 has a trapezoidal cross section and includes a second layer made of rigid material and extending along a surface parallel to the large surface 12 of the insulating body and along the side surface 14, which is configured to extend to the surface 12 at an angle deviating from the straight line. angle. The insulating element 6 has a height corresponding to the height of the insulating plate 17. This embodiment makes it possible to produce the insulating element 6 with a second layer 13, which extends along the large surface of the insulating body located opposite the large surface 12, or along the first layer 11 and, thus, rests onto the large surface 18 of the adjacent insulation plate 17. The second layer 13 may further be attached to the large surface 18 of the insulation plate 17 by means of glue.

In FIG. 8-11, described hereinafter, various inclined insulation boards 9 are illustrated.

In FIG. 8 shows a first embodiment of an inclined insulating plate 9, which is designed as a magnesian molded body and has two lateral surfaces 19, converging at an angle, and bases 20, of which in FIG. 8 shows only one base 20. The inclined insulating plate 9 has a wedge-shaped shape with side surfaces 19 joining along line 21 and oriented so that they decrease from this line 21 towards the bases 20; in other words, the side surfaces 19 slope downward from the line 21 with respect to the flat support surface.

In FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the inclined insulating plate 9, in which a base plate 22 is located between the bases 20, having a flat supporting surface 23 serving to support the surface 3 in FIG. 1 or on flat insulating elements 6. Between the base plate 22 and the bases 20, steps are made so that they normally correspond to the inclination of the insulating elements 6 in the area of their surfaces, so that these insulating elements 6 can be flush in space with the base plate 23 and the base 20 An alternative embodiment of the inclined insulating board 9 in FIG. 8 is illustrated in FIG. 10 and 11. In this embodiment, the inclined insulating plate 9, the insulating body has on each of its side surfaces 19 a layer 13 made of compressive and hard magnesia and

- 11 017390 glued to the insulating body 11. The insulating body 11 consists of mineral fibers bound by binders, and thus has excellent heat and sound insulation properties. Preferably, the insulating body 11 is made as an integral, molded part with second layers 13 compressed with the insulating body 11.

Between the two layers 13, a valley 24 is formed, which, respectively, to the lateral surfaces 19, slopes towards the tip 25 of the inclined insulating plate 9.

In FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of the roof 1, consisting of the lower structure of the roof, including several profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape 26 and a coating of foil laid on these metal sheets. Insulating plates 27 in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped are laid on this foil coating 4. The insulating plates 27 abut against each other with their side surfaces, and between the two rows of insulating plates 27 there are insulating elements 6, which are another embodiment of the invention.

The insulating elements 6 are multilayer and have a first layer 11 in the form of an insulating body, a second layer 13 and a third layer 28. These insulating elements 6 have a material thickness of approximately 30 mm.

The first layer 11, made as an insulating body, and the third layer 28 are made of mineral fibers bound by binders. It turned out to be advantageous to place the mineral fibers in at least the first layer 11, made as an insulating body so that the fibers are oriented at right angles to a large surface. The second layer 13, which is the central layer in this multilayer element, consists of an inflexible, rigid and, thus, pressure distributing magnesia plate. The thickness of this second layer 13 is selected such that the third layer 28 slightly overlaps with its surface 10 the surface formed by the insulating plates 27. When exposed to a load in the direction of the surface, normal surface 10, this insulating element 6 is compressed so that the surface 10 is lowered as much as possible to the level of the surfaces formed by insulating plates 27. Accordingly, a much greater compressibility is not provided. It turned out to be advantageous to perform the third layer 28 with a material thickness of approximately 10-15 mm, in order to guarantee its function as a springy pad or separation layer. In contrast to the above description, the third layer 28 can, of course, be made of rigid sheets of foam or cloth with a random arrangement of plastic fibers. This third layer 28 additionally serves as a protective layer for the magnesia plate, which is thus protected from damage by sharp-edged objects and from the effects of the weather.

FIG. 13 illustrates the arrangement of the insulating element 6 shown in FIG. 2 and 3, in an inclined roofing system. This insulating element consists of a lower layer of insulating plates 27 and superimposed insulating plates 8. The insulating element 6 is located between two inclined insulating plates 8 so that the inclined surfaces of the insulating element 6 and the inclined insulating plates 8 form one plane.

In this embodiment, the zone of the insulating element 6 is designed as a zone for walking along it. It can be visually labeled with a clearly different second layer 13, for example.

In FIG. 14 shows another example of an insulating element 6. This insulating element 6 comprises an insulating body with two large surfaces 12 extending parallel to each other. On each of these two large surfaces 12, a second layer 13 is laid that completely covers the surface. The second layer 13 is a magnesia plate glued to the insulating body. In layers 13 there are reinforcing elements, such as fiberglass, plastic and / or natural fibers. These reinforcing elements are laminated with magnesian binders. Laminated layers have a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm. Particularly suitable was a material thickness between about 1 and 10 mm. These two layers 13 can, of course, have a different thickness of the material or can be reinforced perfectly from each other. The layers 13 can be applied by lamination at one of the working stages in the manufacture of the insulating body, or they can additionally adhere to the insulating body after curing the binder.

The following is a description of the various inclined roofing systems illustrated in FIG. 15-31, in which the insulating elements 6 shown in FIG. 1-14.

In FIG. 15 shows roof 1 with a roof base 2 that has a surface 3. A sealing film (not shown) is laid on surface 3, for example, the sealing film 4 shown in FIG. one.

In the right half of FIG. 15 on the surface 3, two layers of insulating plates 17 are laid one on top of the other in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. The insulation boards 17 of the two superimposed layers are laid offset relative to each other along their lateral surfaces 19, thus forming a stepped structure. On the steps 29 formed in this way, there are insulating elements 6, which have a triangular cross section and a surface opposite the right angle, and the surfaces of the insulating elements 6 located on adjacent steps are aligned in one plane.

- 12 017390

On the upper layer of insulating plates 17 is a system of inclined insulating plates 9, which are respectively made with inclined surfaces that deviate from the horizontal. As inclined insulation boards 9, boards 9, shown, for example, in FIG.

8-11.

Unlike the right half of FIG. 15, the left half of FIG. 15 illustrates an alternative embodiment that is different from the embodiment shown in the right half of FIG. 15 in that the insulation boards 17 are formed integrally with the insulation members 6.

Accordingly, these insulating boards 17 differ from the block structure in that one side surface 19 is oriented relative to the large surfaces 18 at an angle that deviates from the right angle. This, of course, may concern more than one side surface 19. Two further embodiments are shown in FIG. 16, illustrating in its right half an insulating element 6 adjacent to two superimposed insulating plates 17 and having a triangular cross section and a step 30 on its side surface facing the insulating plates 17. The step 30 serves as a support for the top of the two insulating plates 17, so that this upper of the two insulation boards 17 is cantilevered with respect to the insulation element 6, in contrast to the bottom of the two insulation boards 17.

In the left half of FIG. 16 shows another alternative embodiment in which the insulating element 6 extends two layers of insulating plates 17 in height and has an inclined surface 31 located opposite the side surface 14 adjacent to the side surfaces 19 of the insulating plates 17 flush with the side surfaces 19.

In addition to the above-described embodiment, an insulating layer 5 is possible, consisting of more than two layers of insulation boards 17. The location of the inclined insulation boards 8 on the top layer of the insulation boards 17 is naturally also possible in the embodiment of FIG. sixteen.

In FIG. 17 further shows that the insulating element 6 adjacent to the attic 32, for example, has a steeper slope compared to the insulating element 6 located on the opposite side of the drain hole 8. Both slopes serve to quickly and directly direct possible atmospheric water to a drain hole 8, which with its pipe part 33 passes through the base 2 for the roof.

In addition, it is shown that the layer 13 ends flush with the large surface of the insulating plate 17, laid next to the insulating element 6, so that a flat surface of the insulating layer 5 is formed, which does not have protrusions through which it is possible to trip over.

In addition, in FIG. 17 it is shown that the layer 13 of the insulating element 6, laid in the area of the attic 32, extends along the large surface of the insulating element 6 and almost to the pipe part 33, and the layer 13 rests one part of it directly on the surface 3 or a sealing film laid on the surface 3. This design especially provides additional protection against damage to the vulnerable end zone of the mineral fiber insulating element 6.

FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment of a roof 1 with a base 2 for a roof, which consists of several profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape 26 and a foil coating 4 laid on them. In addition to the usual insulating plates 17, which are made of mineral fibers bound by binders, FIG. 18 illustrates an insulating element 6, which consists of a first layer 11 made as an insulating body, and a second layer 13 of cement 8ote1 laid on the first layer. The second layer 13 has higher compressive strength and higher bending strength compared with the first layer and, therefore, compared with the insulating body. The insulating element 6 has a slope and, with its highest side surface 14, is connected flush with the adjacent insulating plate 17, thereby forming a seamless transition between the large surface of the insulating plate 17 and the second layer 13 of the insulating element.

In addition, in FIG. 18 shows a combination of an insulating plate 17 made, as usual, of mineral fibers bound by binders, and an insulating element 6 located next to it and made of a multilayer and having a central insulating body 11 having on each of its two large surfaces a second layer 13 of cement 8ote1.

From these insulating elements 6, having two layers 13 of cement 8ot1, on the roof 1, a track for passage and / or passage can be easily and efficiently built. Naturally, this is possible with inclined insulating elements 6, if the insulating elements 6 have a slope that allows you to safely walk and ride in this area.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 19. FIG. 19 again illustrates the combination of the insulating elements 6 with the insulating plates 17, in which the insulating plates 17 are made in accordance with the above description, especially with reference to FIG. 17. In addition, the roof 1 shown in FIG. 19 has a structure corresponding to that of the roof 1 in FIG. eighteen.

In the left half of FIG. 19 shows a first embodiment of an insulating element 6, with

- 13 017390 standing from a layer 11 in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped in the form of an insulating body made of mineral fibers bound by binders. The insulating body has on its large surface facing the film seal 4, a second layer 13 of cement 8ot1. This second layer 13 also has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and a small thickness. Finally, another layer 13 of cement 8ote1 is laid on the opposite surface of the insulating body, which has an almost triangular cross section in one of its parts and, therefore, a slope in the area of its large surface, and a rectangular cross section in its other part.

The insulating element 6, made in this way, forms an inclined insulating plate 9.

In the right half of FIG. 19 shows an alternative embodiment of this insulating element 6, in which, under the lower second layer 13, another layer 28 of mineral fibers bound by binders is further provided. Another difference from the embodiment shown in the left half of FIG. 19, is that in an embodiment of the insulating element 6 in the right half of FIG. 19, the insulating body 11 containing the first layer 11 is formed as a molded body and has a slope on part of its large surface, directed from the base 2 for the roof. The second layer 13, laid on it, is made as a thin layer 13 of cement 8ote1. The embodiments shown in FIG. 19, can be laid on the roof base 2 in combination so that the central zone of adjacent insulation elements 6 forms a flat track for passage and / or passage, and the edge zones of adjacent insulation elements 6 are made with a slope, so that these two slopes are directed towards each other friend and, thus, divert atmospheric water into the Central zone of these two adjacent insulating elements 6.

Another embodiment of the roof 1 with inclined insulating plates 9 is illustrated in FIG. twenty.

On the base 2 for the roof, which is made corresponding to the base 2 for the roof shown in FIG. 18 and 19, a first layer of insulating boards 17 is laid. Between the two insulating plates 17, an insulating element 6 is disposed, including a first layer 11 made as an insulating body and a second layer 13 of cement 8ote1 lying on top. The second layer 13 of cement 8ote1 is oriented in such a way that it is facing away from the base for the roof.

On the parts of the first layer of insulation boards 17, a second layer of insulation boards 17 is located, with the right half of FIG. 20 shows only one. Adjacent to this insulation plate 17 is an inclined insulation plate 9 having, in the region of its inclined large surface, a second layer 13 of cement 8ote1 that extends into the large surface area of the adjacent insulation plate 17 so that the large surface of the insulation plate 17 is partially covered by the second layer 13. The second layer 13 of this inclined insulating plate 9 overlaps the entire large surface and extends into the area of the second layer 13 of the insulating element 6 laid below.

In addition, in FIG. 20 shows a system of inclined insulation boards 9 made with two layers, each of which has a surface having a slope. This surface is overlapped by a second layer of cement 8ot1. Inclined insulation boards 9 are designed in such a way that they form a uniform and uniform slope. Here, the inclined insulating plate 9, directly adjacent to the second layer 13 of the insulating element 6, laid in the first layer of insulating plates 17, is located in such a way that it is separated from the opposite inclined insulating plate 9, and between these two inclined insulating plates 9, supported by the second layers 13 on the second layer 13 of the insulating element 6, laid in the first layer of insulating plates 17, a channel 34 is formed for the flow of atmospheric water into the drain hole (not shown in this figure). FIG. 21 illustrates a general view of a portion of the roof 1. On a continuous insulating layer 5 consisting of insulating plates 17 and insulating elements 6, inclined insulating plates 9 are arranged, and two superimposed inclined insulating plates 9 made in the form of a pyramidal segment form an inclined element 35.

The inclined elements 35 are arranged distributed at some distance from each other along the insulating layer 5, and the inclined elements 35 with the lower inclined insulating plates 9 are adjacent to the insulating element 6. The insulating elements 6 adjacent to each other with their narrow sides are arranged in a line, forming with its second layers 13 of cement, there is a track for passage and / or passage.

The embodiment of the roof 1, in comparison with the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is illustrated in FIG. 22, on which the second layers 13 are located flat on the lower layer of the insulation boards 17. Naturally, in this case, a connection between the second layers 13 and the insulation boards 17 can also be provided, and this connection is made locally, i.e. when mounting the roof 1. In addition, in FIG. 22, another insulating element 6 is shown having a large surface inclined with respect to the large surface of the insulating plates 17 and coated with a second layer 13 of cement 8ote1. The slope is directed towards the inclined elements 35, while the inclined elements 35 containing the inclined insulating plates 9 and the insulating element 6 containing the inclined large surface are oriented to the central zone 7. These two slopes, however, have different slopes.

In FIG. 23 shows a roof 1 with an insulating layer 5 made of insulating plates 17. On

- 14 017390 part of the area of the insulating plates 17 in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped is a system of inclined insulating plates 9. Inclined insulating plates 9 together form a flat inclined surface. The central zone of the system, consisting of inclined insulating plates 9 of cement 8oge1 or having a layer 13 of cement 8oge1, forms a path for passage and / or passage. You can see that the system of inclined insulation boards 9 contains several rows of adjacent inclined insulation boards 9. These rows alternatively contain one or two inclined insulation boards 9 containing a second layer 13 of cement 8oge1. Inclined insulation boards of 9 adjacent rows are spaced apart.

Another embodiment of the roof 1 can be seen in FIG. 24. The insulating layer 5 in this case also consists of insulating plates 17 in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. On the insulating plate 17, in this case, inclined insulating plates 9 are also arranged, forming two systems that divert atmospheric water towards the channel zone 34, being tilted towards the channel zone 34.

In the channel 34, there is a third system of inclined insulating plates 9, made as a multilayer element and, thus, containing an insulating body having an inclined surface and forming the first layer 11. On this inclined surface there is a second layer 13 of cement 8oge1, and two layers 11, 13 are interconnected.

In FIG. 25 illustrates the further development of the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, with FIG. 25 illustrates only two inclined systems 36, 37 located on large insulating plates 17. The inclined systems 36, 37 are directed at right angles to each other. The first inclined system 36 is adjacent at its base point to the side surfaces 14 of the second inclined system 37. The inclined systems 36 and 37 may be implemented in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 24.

In the transition zone between the first inclined system 36 and the second inclined system 37, elements of the valley 38 are added, which consist of mineral fibers bound by binders and which prevent the accumulation of atmospheric water in this transition zone by draining this atmospheric water along these elements of the valley 38 corresponding to the inclination of the inclined insulation boards 9 inclined system 37.

It should be noted that all of the above-described insulating elements 6, inclined insulating plates 9, insulating plates 17 and insulating plates 27, as well as inclined elements 35 and / or elements of valley 38 are made with two or more layers, and at least the second layer 13 consists of cement 8oge1 or the like, and is resistant to compression and / or hard material, so that the aforementioned elements are usually suitable for walking and / or traveling without damaging or destroying these elements.

An embodiment of the inclined system 37, comparable to the embodiment of FIG. 25 is illustrated in FIG. 27. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 25, the embodiment of FIG. 27 provides the elements of the valley 38 as part of the inclined insulation plates 9. Thus, the inclined insulation plates 9 and the elements of the valley 38 are made as a molded body.

Similarly, FIG. 30 and 31 illustrate respective inclined systems 36 and 37, the inclined system 37 shown in FIG. 30 is tilted in two opposite directions. FIG. 31 illustrates an inclined system 36, in one part inclined in two directions, and the other part inclined in only one direction. To this end, the inclined system 36 contains different inclined insulating plates 9 with elements of the valley 38 formed as a whole with the plates 9.

Another advantageous embodiment of the roof 1 is illustrated in FIG. 26. In this figure, an insulating layer 5 made of insulating plates 17 can be seen with a second insulating layer 5 made of insulating plates 17 laid on the first insulating layer. The second, upper insulating layer 5 is made of thinner insulating plates 17. These two insulating layers 5 are not the same in area. The upper insulating layer 5 is shorter than the lower insulating layer 5. In the area of the front side of the last insulating plate 17 of the upper insulating layer 5, there is an inclined insulating plate 9 having an almost triangular cross section. This inclined insulating plate 9 has a large surface on which a second layer 13 of cement 8oge1 is laid. The rest of the inclined insulating plate 9 consists of an insulating body, which forms the first layer 11.

On the above-described insulation plate 17 of the upper insulation layer 5, there is an additional inclined insulation plate 9, which practically corresponds to the above-described inclined insulation plate 9 and, thus, again contains an insulating body as the first layer 11 and the second layer 13 of cement 8oge1, located on the inclined the surface of the insulating body.

Another inclined insulation plate 9 is adjacent to this inclined insulating plate 9, the latter being formed by separate insulating segments 39 having fibers oriented at right angles to large surfaces and interconnected by a second layer of cement 8oge1 cement 13. Thus, the longitudinal axis of these insulating segments 39 is directed almost at right angles to the large surfaces of the insulating body 11 formed by these segments.

- 15 017390

The individual insulating segments 39 may also adhere to each other depending on fire protection requirements.

Everything in all of these structures allows you to create a slope over a significant length of the roof 1, without requiring a large number of different inclined insulating plates 9, since a significant part of the inclined insulating plates 9 consists of insulating segments 39 of the same design in terms of thickness of the material. These insulating segments 39 can be cut into place. Inclined insulation boards 9 made in this way serve to reduce the installation cost of the inclined roofing system.

FIG. 28 and 29 again illustrate inclined systems 36 or 37, with FIG. 28 shows two inclined systems 36 on both sides of the insulating element 6 with the insulating body as the first layer 11 and with the second layer 13 of cement 8oge1. Inclined systems 36 are located on the insulating plates 17, which form the insulating layer 5.

FIG. 29 further illustrates the angles of the inclined systems 36 and 37. The angle a describes the inclination of the inclined system 37, and the angle β is the inclination of the inclined system 36. The angle a is larger than the angle β.

Finally, in FIG. 32-37 show various embodiments of a second layer 13 or insulating elements 6 constituting a second layer 13. FIG. 32-37 serve to explain the layer described above specifically as the second layer 13 of cement 8oge1. As shown in FIG. 32, the second layer 13 may consist, for example, of a magnesia laminated plate containing at least one layer of two-dimensional reinforcement of textile, glass, plastic and / or natural fibers. Fibers can be twisted, felted or bonded with binders. They have a loose structure into which the binder can easily penetrate or be forcibly given. Two-dimensional reinforcement can be used alternately from layer to layer.

FIG. 33 illustrates the further development of an embodiment of the second layer 13, which, compared with the embodiment of FIG. 32 further comprises an externally applied separating layer 41. This separating layer 41 may be intended as a layer allowing water vapor to penetrate, and may be formed, for example, by a plastic film, a fiberglass cloth, a cloth with a random arrangement of glass or plastic fibers or several of these elements. The separation layer prevents undesirable chemical interaction between the contact surfaces of the second layer 13 and other structural elements of the roof 1. In addition, the separation layer 41 may have elastic properties to weaken localized mechanical stresses. Due to their three-dimensional action, these separation layers 41 can serve to remove penetrating sediments, especially melt water.

FIG. 34 illustrates a multilayer element containing a second layer 13 glued by magnesian binders or other adhesives to a magnesian molded body 42 reinforced or filled with single fibers and / or granular fine-grained or mealy additives, which form the boundary layer 43. The second layer 13 is located on the first large the surface of the molded body 42. In addition, the second large surface of the molded body 42 may have a second layer 13 deposited on it that is identical to or different from orogo layer 13 on the first major surface. Especially this additional second layer 13 can be made in accordance with FIG. 32 and 33 and contain a reinforcing layer 40. Naturally, it is possible that in the second layer 13 of magnesia there are several reinforcing layers 40.

FIG. 35-37 again illustrate the insulating elements 6, which are made in accordance with FIG. 34 and further comprise second layers 13 in accordance with FIG. 32 or 33. In this regard, FIG. 35 illustrates an insulating element 6 formed on both large surfaces comprising a second layer 13, and FIG. 36 illustrates an insulating element 6 in which a corresponding second layer 13 is present only on an inclined large surface. Finally, FIG. 37 illustrates the insulating element 6, in which the second layer 13 is an integral part of the insulating element 6, that is, this layer 13 is embedded in the insulating body during manufacture. The insulating body can be made from mineral fibers bound by binders, as well as from another insulating material, for example, from magnesia, in the form of a molded body, shown at 42 in FIG. 34.

The invention relates in particular to an insulating board for an inclined roofing system comprising an insulating body having a flat base and an upper surface, as well as side surfaces connecting the base to the upper surface, the base being oriented antiparallel to the upper surface, so that the upper surface is inclined at least regarding the ground. The insulating body is multilayered and has at least one first layer having heat and / or sound insulation properties and made of mineral wool, preferably of mineral wool from rocks, the first layer 11 being connected to the second layer 13 having mechanical properties, especially compressive strength and / or bending strength, different from the mechanical properties of the first layer, and consisting of a material different from the material of the first layer 11, and having at least a higher stiffness nce in bending.

- 16 017390

In addition, the invention relates to an insulating board of the type described above, in which the base is rectangular, that is, the side surfaces 14 extend at right angles to each other.

In addition, the invention relates to an insulating board in which the second layer 13 is formed by a molded body of compressive and / or rigid material, in particular a magnesian binder, for example cement 8oge1, or from mixtures of binders with a magnesian binder, and to an insulating plate , in which at least the first layer 11 is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and is located on a molded body forming at least a second layer 13.

In addition, the invention relates to an insulating board of the type described above, in which at least the second layer 13 is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and connected to a molded body forming at least the first layer 11.

In addition, the invention relates to an insulating plate, in which the insulating body contains at least one side surface 14, which runs parallel to the slope and is oriented relative to the base at an angle different from the right angle.

With the proposed insulation board, the side surfaces 14 may have a height of at least 5 mm.

In addition, the proposed insulation plate, the first layer 11 of mineral wool can have the orientation of the fibers in the direction of the surface 12.

In addition, the proposed insulation plate, the second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may at least contain two-dimensional reinforcement 40 of woven, non-woven fabrics, rovings made of fiberglass, plastic and / or natural fibers.

In addition, the proposed insulation plate, the second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may additionally contain certain amounts of dispersions or emulsions of water glass, organically modified silicates (ormosil), silica glass and / or plastic.

In the proposed insulating board, the second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may contain at least an internal reinforcement 40 of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool fibers.

In this case, the second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, can contain up to 40 wt.%, Preferably up to 25 wt.%, Textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool fibers.

The proposed insulation plate layers 11, 13 can be bonded, preferably by gluing, or laminated one on top of the other.

In addition, the second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, in particular magnesia, may contain fine-grained additives from brucite, alumina hydrate and / or titanium oxide, in particular in amounts up to 25 wt.%.

The proposed insulation board layers 11, 13 can be stacked one on top of the other so as to end flush.

In addition, the proposed insulation plate, the second layer 13 having a surface 12, can protrude, at least in comparison with the side surface 14 of the first layer 11 containing the base.

The second layer 13 having a surface 12 may have a material thickness of about 2-25 mm, preferably about 3-10 mm.

Resistant to compression and / or hard second layer 13 can be made of different thicknesses depending on the mechanical stresses that arise during use.

On the surface 12 of the insulating body, in particular on the second layer 13, a coating 15 can be laid, in particular in the form of a web with a random arrangement of plastic fibers.

The coating 15 may protrude at least one, preferably two adjacent adjacent side surfaces 14 of the insulating body, preferably a second layer 13 having a surface 12.

At least one side surface 14 of the first layer 11 containing the base may at least partially form with a compressive and / or hard coating, the material of this coating being identical to the material of the compressive and / or hard second layer.

A first layer 11 containing a base may be formed of several segments.

The segments of the first layer 11 can be glued and / or connected using a compression resistant and / or rigid second layer 13.

In addition, the segments can be located on the support layer and, preferably, connected to it, in particular by gluing.

The backing layer may be made of a material suitable for heat and / or sound insulation purposes, in particular mineral fibers.

In accordance with the invention, the insulating body may comprise a first layer 11 with heat and / or sound insulation properties, in particular of mineral fibers, a second layer 13 of compression-resistant and / or rigid material, in particular a magnesian binder, placed on the first layer , a third layer 28 with heat and / or sound insulating properties, in particular of mineral fibers, placed on the second layer, and finally, the fourth layer of compression and / or hard

- 17 017390 material, in particular from a magnesian binder.

The first layer 11 may be designed to be compressible, the second layer 13 and the fourth layer may be made of the same material.

In addition, the invention relates to an inclined roofing system for a flat or flat inclined roof, consisting of an insulating layer laid on a support, in particular on a base for a roof made of profiled metal sheets of trapezoidal shape, with a film seal, in particular an air barrier, laid between them, and the insulating layer consists of insulating elements in the form of plates and is covered with the outer skin of the roof, and at least part of the insulating elements contains an insulating body made multilayer and having at least one first layer with heat and / or sound insulation properties and made of mineral wool, preferably mineral wool from rocks, and the second layer 13 has mechanical properties that differ from the mechanical properties of the first layer, in particular characterized by compressive strength and / or flexural strength, and consists of a material different from the material of the first layer 11 and at least having a higher flexural rigidity.

A support plate may have a plate-like insulating element 6 having at least a side surface 14 oriented to the large surface of the insulating element 6, which is the upper large surface in the insulating layer 5, and to the large surface of the insulating element 6, which is the lower large surface in the insulating layer 5, at an angle deviating from a right angle. The lower large surface may be larger than the upper large surface of the insulating element 6.

In addition, a plate-like insulating element 6 with a lateral surface 14, which is adjacent, in particular flush with it, to the surface of the molded part having an almost triangular or trapezoidal cross section and a surface inclined at an angle relative to the horizontal, can also be located on the support.

In addition, the insulating layer 5 may contain several at least two layers of superimposed insulating elements, and the side surfaces of the adjacent superimposed insulating elements extending at an angle are preferably oriented so that they are flush.

The insulating layer 5 may contain at least two layers of superimposed insulating elements, moreover, the molded parts of the adjacent superimposed insulating elements having a triangular or trapezoidal cross section are preferably oriented so that they are flush with their surfaces inclined relative to the horizontal.

The molded parts may consist of a material suitable for heat and / or sound insulating purposes, and may, in particular, be made of a material identical to the material of the insulating elements.

The angle of the proposed inclined roofing system may be <45 °.

In addition, it is possible that the angles of the superimposed insulating elements or molded parts towards the support are reduced.

The molded parts can be connected, in particular by gluing, to the side surface of the adjacent insulating element and / or to the insulating element in the layer laid below.

In the region of its large surface, which is the upper large surface in the insulating layer, the insulating element may be arched and / or preferably bent into segments.

The lateral surface may be arched, in particular concave.

In accordance with the invention, the inclined roofing system may comprise a compressive and / or rigid layer on the surface of the molded portion adjacent to the side surface and / or the adjacent insulation element, at least in parts thereof.

Resistant to compression and / or hard layer 13 may extend over part of the side surface 14.

In addition, the compression resistant and / or rigid layer 13 may extend along the side surface 14 to the abutment and, preferably, may lie on a portion of the abutment.

In the proposed inclined roofing system, the insulating element can have two large surfaces, each of which contains a layer 13 of a material different from the material of the layer 11 having heat and / or sound insulation properties and at least having a higher bending stiffness.

In addition, in an inclined roofing system, one large surface of the insulating body can be formed as a flat base located antiparallel and at least inclined relative to the second large surface of the insulating body, the insulating body having side surfaces 14 connecting the base to the second large surface .

The base may be rectangular, that is, the side surfaces 14 extend at right angles to each other.

In addition, in the inclined roofing system, the second layer 13 can be formed by a molded body of compression-resistant and / or rigid material, in particular of a magnesian binder, for example cement 8oge1 or a mixture of binders with a magnesian binder.

- 18 017390

At least the first layer 11 may be in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and may be located on a molded body forming at least a second layer 13.

At least the second layer 13 may be in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and may be connected to a molded body forming at least the first layer 11.

The insulating body may at least have a side surface 14 extending parallel to the slope and oriented relative to the base at an angle deviating from the right angle.

Side surfaces 14 may have a height of at least 5 mm.

The first mineral wool layer 11 may have a fiber orientation toward the surface.

In the proposed inclined roofing system, the second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, can at least have two-dimensional reinforcement from woven, non-woven fabrics, fiberglass rovings, plastic and / or natural fibers.

The second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may additionally contain certain amounts of dispersions or emulsions of water glass, organically modified silicates (ormosil), silica glass and / or plastic.

The second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, may comprise at least an internal reinforcement of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool.

The second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, can contain up to 40 wt.%, Preferably up to 25 wt.% Of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool fibers.

The layers 11, 13 can be bonded, preferably glued or laminated one on top of the other.

The second layer 13, consisting of a compression-resistant material, in particular a magnesian binder, may contain fine-grained additives from brucite, alumina hydrate and / or titanium oxide, in particular in amounts up to 25 wt.%.

Layers 11, 13 can be stacked one on top of the other so as to end flush.

The second layer 13 having a surface may protrude at least relative to the side surface 14 of the first layer 11 containing the base.

The second layer 13 having a surface may have a material thickness of about 2-25 mm, preferably about 3-10 mm.

Resistant to compression and / or hard second layer 13 can be made of different thicknesses depending on the mechanical stresses that arise during operation.

On the surface of the insulating body, in particular on the second layer 13, a coating 15 can be laid, in particular in the form of a web with a random arrangement of plastic fibers.

The coating 15 may protrude at least one, preferably two adjacent adjacent side surfaces 14 of the insulating body, preferably a second layer 13 having a surface.

At least one side surface 14 of the first layer 11 containing the base may at least partially form with a compressive and / or hard coating, said coating preferably consisting of a material identical to the compressive and / or hard second layer.

The first layer 11 having a base may be formed of several segments. The segments of the first layer 11 can be glued and / or connected using a compression resistant and / or rigid second layer 13.

The segments can be located on the support layer and, preferably, are connected, in particular glued, with it.

The backing layer may be made of a material suitable for heat and / or sound insulation purposes, in particular mineral fibers.

The insulating body may comprise a first layer 11 with heat and / or sound-proofing properties, in particular of mineral fibers, a second layer 13 of compressive and / or rigid material, in particular of a magnesian binder, placed on the first layer, a third layer of 28 s heat and / or sound insulating properties, in particular of mineral fibers, placed on the second layer, and, finally, the fourth layer of compressive and / or rigid material, in particular of magnesian binder.

The first layer 11 may be designed to be compressible.

The second layer 13 and the fourth layer can be made of identical material.

The second surface may have several planes having different slopes.

The first layer and the second layer can be combined.

The second layer 13 may be smaller in size than the first layer 11.

- 19 017390

List of items one roof 29th stage 2 base for roof thirty stage 3 surface 31 inclined surface 4 film seal 32 attic 5 insulation layer 33 pipe part 6 insulating element 34 channel 7 central zone 35 inclined element 8 drain hole 36 inclined system nine inclined insulation plate 37 inclined system 10 surface 38 endow element eleven layer 39 insulation segment 12 surface 40 reinforcing layer thirteen layer 41 separation layer 14 side surface 42 molded body fifteen coating 43 boundary layer sixteen arrow 17 insulation board eighteen surface nineteen side surface

CLAIM

Claims (18)

1. An insulating plate for an inclined roofing system, comprising an insulating body having a flat base and a surface, as well as side surfaces connecting the base to the surface, the surface is inclined at least with respect to the base, the insulating body being multilayer and having at least at least, the first layer having heat and / or sound insulation properties, as well as the second layer having mechanical properties different from the mechanical properties of the first layer, characterized in that the first the layer (11) is made of mineral wool and connected to the second layer (13), the second layer having a higher bending stiffness compared to the first layer (11) and is formed from a molded body of a material resistant to compression and / or bending stiff , namely from a magnesian binder, such as cement 8ote1, or from a mixture of binders with a magnesian binder. 2. An insulating board according to claim 1, characterized in that the first layer (11) contains fibers oriented towards the base. 3. An insulating board according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer (13), consisting of a compression-resistant material, contains at least two-dimensional reinforcement (40) of woven, non-woven fabrics, rovings made of fiberglass, plastic and / or natural fibers. 4. An insulating board according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer (13), consisting of a compression-resistant material, further comprises liquid glass, organically modified silicates (ormosil), silica glass and / or polymer dispersions or emulsions. 5. An insulating board according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer (13), consisting of a compression-resistant material, contains at least an internal reinforcement (40) of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral fibers. 6. The insulating board according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one side surface (14) of the first layer (11) containing the base is at least partially formed with a compression-resistant and / or bending-hard coating, the material of this coating is identical to the material resistant to compression and / or bending, of the second layer. 7. The insulating plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating body further comprises a third layer (28) having heat and / or sound insulating properties, placed on the second layer, and a fourth layer of compressive and / or rigid to bend material. 8. Inclined roofing system for a flat roof or a flat inclined roof, consisting of an insulating layer laid on the base for a roof made of trapezoidal metal sheets, and a film seal forming an air barrier, the insulating layer - 20 017390 consists of insulating boards and is covered with the outer skin of the roof, at least part of the insulating boards contains an insulating body made of a multilayer and having at least a first layer having heat and / or sound insulation properties, as well as a second layer, having mechanical properties different from the mechanical properties of the first layer, characterized in that the first layer (11) is made of mineral wool and connected to the second layer (13), the second layer (13) having a higher layer than the first layer (11) hard bending strength and is formed from a molded body of a compression-resistant and / or bending-hard material, namely a magnesian binder, such as 8oge1 cement, or a mixture of binders with a magnesian binder. 9. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the insulating plate (6) contains at least one side surface (14) oriented at an angle deviating from a right angle to the upper surface and to the base of the insulating layer (5) the insulation plate (6), and the base is made larger in area than the upper large surface of the insulation plate (6). 10. Inclined roofing system according to claim 9, characterized in that the insulating plate (6) has a side surface (14) adjacent to the molded part having a triangular or trapezoidal cross section, and at least a surface inclined at an angle relative to the horizontal. 11. The inclined roofing system of claim 10, characterized in that the molded part is connected to the side surface of the adjacent insulating plate and / or to the insulating plate located in the layer below. 12. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface of the insulating body is angled relative to the flat base of the insulating body, the insulating body having side surfaces (14) connecting the base to the surface. 13. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the first layer (11) has an orientation of the fibers towards the base. 14. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the second layer (13), consisting of compression-resistant material, contains at least two-dimensional reinforcement (40) of woven, non-woven fabrics, rovings made of fiberglass, plastic and / or natural fibers. 15. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the second layer (13), consisting of a compression-resistant material, contains at least an internal reinforcement of textile fibers, fiberglass and / or mineral wool. 16. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one side surface (14) of the first layer (11) containing the base is at least partially formed with a compression-resistant and / or bending-hard coating, moreover, the material of this coating is identical to the material resistant to compression and / or rigid to bending of the second layer. 17. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the insulating body further comprises a third layer (28) with heat and / or sound insulating properties, located on the second layer, and a fourth layer of compressive and / or rigid to bend material. 18. An inclined roofing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the second layer (13) is made smaller in area than the first layer (11).