EA007635B1 - Solar wind power complex - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar-wind power complex is formed by separating a part of the earth surface and air medium from environment by light-transparent and heat-insulating material. The complex comprises solar-absorbing, heat-generating and evaporating units, controlled air intake and wind-directing systems, thermal and exothermal units, the thermodynamic and aerodynamic devices for forming energy-saturated airflows, air exhaust draft tube and two wind turbines concentrically arranged towards each other in the base of the draft tube. The turbines are connected to different energy-saturated airflow channels. Each wind turbine comprises, as minimum, a pair of energy-differentiating bushes with rotatable blades fixed there between mounted on autonomous supports through which the energy-saturated airflow is passed. An auxiliary working space is formed before each pair of the energy-differentiating bushes, inside said space power-generating sections are positioned which form an electric generator of the wind turbine in the structure with no housing and no shaft, wherein the turbine is of a split-type with energy-converting spaces in a shaft-free structure. The power-generating sections comprise permanent magnets fixed to a rotating surface, as minimum, of the first energy-differentiating bush, and electric coils with magnetic drives fixed to the foundation base. The energy-differentiating bushes are a light-weight design structure compiled and drawn together by retaining ropes. The wind turbine blades are split joined together by horizontal end surfaces and fixed between the surfaces of each pair of the energy-differentiating bushes by technological split links. The energy-saturated airflows are distributed into concentric cylindrical parts within the wind turbines due to the use of concentric input flange which isolate the auxiliary working spaces from the energy-saturated airflows by air ÔÇ£locksÔÇØ.

Description

The invention relates to power plants using renewable energy sources, mainly solar.

A technical solution is known that contains a solar energy collector, which is a exhaust pipe, the surface of which is painted black, a wind turbine coupled to a generator, installed in the lower part of the exhaust pipe, and a heat generating source, a burning furnace, which is due to the exothermic process that drives traction chimney (see Russian Patent No. 1828516 Power Plant, Ρ03Ό 9/00, publ. 15.07.93).

This technical solution allows to utilize the heat of external heating of the exhaust pipe by sunlight and to use the exothermic process of heat-generating equipment, which is used as an afterburner, to create an air energy flow through the wind turbine, whereby the generator produces electricity. However, in this case, the cost of electricity generated is increased due to the non-complex use of other available components of solar energy, in particular natural wind, which can be an effective inducer of natural thrust, etc. Therefore, this installation cannot be considered as a prototype of a highly efficient power plant, and allows only partially utilize the inevitable heat loss of exothermic equipment, which in itself gives a local economic result.

A technical solution is known that contains a solar energy collector, whose heliopreforming surfaces transfer thermal energy to the air contacting them, communicating via an air channel to the internal cavity of the exhaust pipe via a wind turbine installed in the exhaust pipe and articulated with a generator, and a vertical blade rotor that receives energy wind, with each blade made in the form of an aerostatic shell with an autonomous air duct placed inside it, communicating with the internal th cavity exhaust pipe (see USSR bus. USSR № 1386737 Wind-solar unit, 03 11/02, publ. 07.04.88).

This technical solution allows simultaneous use of both wind energy and heat energy of solar rays, and the air heated in the heliopreforming space forms in the inner cavity of the exhaust traction pipe a wind flow that is divided into parallel wind energy channels when passing through the aerostatic shells of the blades, which combine wind energy and part of the airflow energy remaining in it after passing through the wind turbine. The potential possibilities of using in this case the principles of summing up the energies of direct solar heat generation and natural wind as a manifestation of solar energy, as well as splitting the total air flow in the exhaust pipe into parallel air-wind channels, offer the prospect of a significant increase in the efficiency of solar power plants. However, the constructive-technological implementation of these principles in this technical solution has a number of drawbacks, in particular, the confusors, commonly known as wind turbine concentrators, have not been applied (see, for example, USSR Aut. St. 1134771 Tower-mounted wind turbine, Ρ03Ό 3/04, published in 1985). ; Russian Patent No. 2038511 Tower-mounted wind turbine, Ρ03Ό 3/04, published on 06.26.95), which technologically reduces the efficiency of a blade rotor, does not use heat storage and heat-generating equipment in the helio-transforming space, and design-technologist cal implementation of the latter and the design of the vane rotor does not create opportunities for building cost-effective gelioenergoustanovok on this analogue.

A technical solution is known that contains a wind wheel, an electric generator and a heat accumulator that uses reserve wind power for heating water with electric heaters that can generate steam to drive an additionally installed steam turbine (see US Pat. No. 5384489 Wind Turbine with Energy Storage System, Ρ03Ρ 9/02; R22V 1 / 28, published in 1993).

This technical solution allows to stabilize the production of electricity due to the use of heat storage, but does not allow to obtain large power for the production of electricity and to achieve high technical and economic indicators of the latter due to the limited use of other components of solar energy, as well as due to design features that do not allow use wind turbines (wind wheel) on the power, commensurate with the power of the turbine generators. This is due to the fact that high-capacity wind turbines must have very large weight and size characteristics in such structures, which cannot be placed in the structures used at a considerable height for technological reasons. In addition, the effect of vaporization is not used in this technical solution to increase the speed of wind flow through the wind turbine and is used by means of a steam turbine, in which the phase transition of water from the vapor to liquid state is associated with large heat losses and a decrease in the efficiency of the wind turbine.

Other technical solutions are known in which vapors and microparticles of water present in the heated air are the most important component of the induction of thrust from the vertical wind flow, including in the air-pull draft pipe, which is made of flexible elastic material.

- 1 007635 honeycomb 1000 m and more and self-rising in a vertical position due to the use of a closed lifting tank with light gas, held by ropes with adjustable tensioning devices (see ИР № 1/89, O. Malinin, Pipe, ready to take off; а.с .SSR № 1449703 Aerodynamic solar station, R 03 6 7/02; T 24 1 2/42, publ. 12.11.86).

These technical solutions, unlike the previous one, allow using the phase transition of water vapor to a drip liquid state, as well as moisture microparticles - to the state of snowflakes and ice microparticles at the exit of the air-exhausting traction pipe his energy increases significantly. The use of this energy component, along with the simultaneous use of other components of the solar energy of the environment, can make it possible to obtain a very significant additive in the production of electricity by solar-wind power plants. It also provides for the installation of several wind turbines, classically articulated with electric generators. However, such technical solutions are limited by their traditional features of the use of a high-rising airflow, a high exhaust air traction pipe, which reduce their design, engineering and engineering efficiency, as a result of which they are not realized.

The scientific basis for the appropriate use of world ocean energy, moisture reserves of the lower layers of the atmosphere and powerful energy transformations due to phase transitions of water vapor carried to the high layers of the atmosphere by artificially created wind flow, to water and ice-like state, as a theoretical base of gravitational-thermal (solar) energy, developed in the 80s of the last century by Soviet scientists (see, for example, the book Smerch, VV Kushin, M., Energoatomizdat, 1993), which proved the high potential efficacy s such a power. The condition for its implementation is the development of practical scientific and engineering and design and technological solutions.

Looking for ways of practical implementation of helio-wind power plants of increased power, technical solutions have been developed in which the airflow energy converter is a wind turbine paired through a reducer or vertically located one over another, equipped with at least two electrogenerating plants with the same or different angular velocities (see Russian patent No. 2000467, Ρ03Ό 1/02, published in 1993; US patent No. 4074951, Ρ03Ό 3/4, published in 1978; as of the USSR No. 1078120, 03Ό 1/00, op. (in 1984).

These technical solutions allow the selection and conversion of the energy of the air flow in terms of its increased cross-section and increased power. However, such technical solutions lead to cumbersome structures, reducing the reliability and efficiency of the power plant. Therefore, this method of distribution in space of wind energy and electricity generating plants with the aim of obtaining the possibility of increasing the power of solar power plants is not competitive in comparison with energy electric converters of existing thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.

Analysis of the above technical solutions, as well as other, well-known authors from patent and scientific and technical information, shows that the integrated use of their useful features and technical features, however, in new structural and technological solutions, supplemented by the use of some other principles of energy helio-transformation, could significantly improve solar energy efficiency. The closest to the proposed invention is a technical solution that includes a heliopreforming-heli-absorbing surface, a translucent heat-insulating coating, the space between the helio-absorbing surface and a translucent coating is a heliopreforming space that communicates the air duct with the internal cavity of the vent pipe through the wind turbine, which is attached to the air supply conduit through the wind duct, which is connected to the air duct through the wind turbine that is connected to the air duct through the wind turbine that is connected to the air duct through the wind turbine that is connected to the air duct through the wind turbine. device, wind-flow space and heat accumulator Yator (see. USSR SU, № 1625999 Solar engine 6/00 R036, P241 2/42, publ. 02.07.91).

This technical solution allows more efficient use of the radial and wind components of the solar energy of the surrounding space when generating electricity due to their combination in conjunction with the heat accumulator, the results of which are increased when using the optimizing computer control center. However, it also does not provide decisive technical and economic indicators of solar power plants, which could make them preferable to traditional thermal power plants, state district power stations and nuclear power plants. This is due to a number of limitations and disadvantages of this technical solution. In particular, it does not use the above-mentioned useful factors of solar energy transformation, such as the use of a wind-guide space, structurally linked to the use of solar-transforming space, the use of useful energy conversion due to water-vapor-water-ice phase transitions, using thermal energy of the oceans, and others, without the integrated application of which the efficiency of solar energy

- 2 007635 is reaping. In addition, in this technical solution, structural and technological features reduce the efficiency and scale of energy conversion, including through the use of well-known classical wind turbine structures and an electric generator as an electrogenerating device interconnected by means of shafts as hubs and transmitters of mechanical energy. For high-power solar complexes, the latter can hardly be realized. In this regard, helio-wind energy complexes using this technical solution, despite the most complex combination of a number of useful features in it relative to other known ones, have not been applied.

The objective of this technical solution according to the proposed invention is to create a powerful helio-wind power complex realized in terms of engineering practice and technical and economic competition with stable production of commercial electrical and thermal energy in all regions of the planet, including the northern regions, in areas of major sources of unfrozen water, based on the addition of this prototype (avt.Sv.S. № 1625999 Solar engine, P 03 C 6/00, R 24 1 2/42, publ. 07.02.91) other known and easily accessible E components of solar energy with their cost-effective construction-technological complex linking, including the creation of new designs of wind turbine and photovoltaic power generation, distributed in space over the entire section specially organized ehnergonasyshchennyh airflow.

The technical result of the present proposed invention is the creation of such a helio-wind power complex, which allows to obtain cheap, environmentally friendly, evenly distributed energy to consumers in any regions and provides an economic and ecological advantage over traditional energy complexes.

Private technical results of the proposed technical solution are systemic, technologically integral environmental improvement, high-performance production of environmentally friendly food products with relatively low cost, including valuable diverse products of artificially created reservoirs designed to provide highly economical energy production, the use of design modules and new technologies used for high-performance assembly building and en rgeticheskih helio-wind power plant systems, for high housing increased comfort and environmental friendliness, the modernization of the rural way of life and agribusiness, combined with energy production, create the conditions for a possible targeted improve the climate in certain regions and the planet as a whole.

This technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that, taking into account the individual positive features of the known technical solutions and the features of their structural performance, including the above-mentioned prototype, which together include the helium-converting space formed by the helium-absorbing and radiofrequency surfaces and their, mainly, translucent heat-insulating territory, agrarian, industrial and industrial use, closed, heated conversion solar energy, air with controlled air intake and air exhaust systems, special technological means, including heat storage, heat generating and evaporating installations and structures, thermodynamic and aerodynamic devices and devices for the formation of directional energy-saturated air flows, air exhaust pipe and flexible controlled superstructure. with height-adjustable wind-loaded surface as an aerodynamic means increase of the thrust in the periods of reduced speed of the surface natural wind and limiting the wind load on it during periods of increasing wind speed in excess of 20 m / s, wind-guide space, including wind-guiding surfaces oriented in the environment, fixed relative to the system set of bearing supports and used in as natural wind concentrators in the direction from the peripheral wind intakes formed by them to the air exhaust traction pipe, additional aerodynamics The means by which both of these air-winding channels are connected to the air exhaust traction tube, using special technological means, through autonomous wind turbines coupled to the electrogenerating devices, and the control computer center, in the device according to the proposed invention there are differences in that the wind turbine has an entrance cavity which is aerodynamically connected mainly with the wind-guide space, concentrically covers the wind turbine, the entrance cavity to second aerodynamically connected mainly with solar space in such a way that, technologically, they jointly represent one structurally distributed wind turbine consisting of concentric sections, which has two different input channels of energy-saturated air flows, while each of the wind turbines is structurally technologically implemented by at least two adjacent concentric energy-differentiating bushings installed on autonomous supports and located Between them are aerodynamic blades, which together form separate energy-transforming air channels of a wind turbine, and by means of blades-free

- 3 007635 surfaces of energy-differentiating bushings fixed magnetic exciters of power generating devices connected through magnetic air gaps to power generating sections and their magnetic cores fixed to the base base, mainly in an auxiliary workspace that is located between adjacent air energy-converting channels and isolated using additional aerodynamic devices from the energy of the air flow, with the housing energy-differentiating hub ok are made of lightweight structures, for example composite, mostly cylindrical, and on their outer surfaces are fixed with prestressing reinforcing bandage ropes, and the aerodynamic blades of the wind turbine, located between adjacent energy-differentiating sleeves, are fixed to the latter on both sides by means of detachable technological connections containing for example, locking grooves for placement on the free fit of the end ends of the aerodynamic blades and multi-function Main fasteners, in particular bolted, connections, which mechanically connect aerodynamic blades with housings of energy-differentiating sleeves and reinforcing shroud ropes, and multifunctional fixing joints are made using technological openings formed by software in the housings of energy-differentiating sleeves, contain devices for placing and fixing in them bangs. ropes and are located along the spatial curve of the line, relative to which is fixed on top of the energy-differentiating sleeves, the composite sections of the design-defined profiles of the aerodynamic blades, while the exhaust air traction pipe with a controlled superstructure with the help of additional aerodynamic devices was used as an integrator used in wind turbines and / or in the energy-differentiating sections of a single wind turbine of the flow of the different levels of the wind of the flow of the wind of other flow at the level of the controlled superstructure and above it, and within the latter It contains fixed coordinates for speed, temperature and humidity sensors of the integrated vortex air flow connected to the control computer center, and each auxiliary workspace is predominantly provided with protective, in particular conical, surfaces with a common vertical axis, between which ring platforms are fixed on the foundation base and / or carrier disks, to which technological passages with aerodynamic surfaces are made, with the indicated auxiliary working space include viewing windows and appliances repair and preventive purposes.

This technical solution makes it possible to cost-effectively overcome the power constraints when creating helio-wind energy complexes. In order for the latter to successfully compete with CHP and NPP, they must be created with relatively low specific capital investments, with significant capacity per unit, using relatively low-potential energy of an air-wind flow, which is typical for cases of using high-heat energy raw materials and high-potential energy using superheated high pressure steam. In this case, the size of the wind turbine generator can be very significant, significantly exceeding the size of steam turbine generators of similar capacity. At the same time, the efficiency of converting the power of an air-wind power stream into electrical power is higher if, taking into account the use of thermodynamic and aerodynamic means of energetic saturation of the air streams, the wind turbine is located above the ground above the throat of the solar-converting space, which must have sufficiently large geometrical dimensions, including height. At the same time, the location at the height of a powerful wind turbine, which has an approximate analogy with the water turbine, is a technically extremely difficult task. Therefore, the well-known searches of the effective distribution (in the space of the wind energy flow) of the power of the wind turbine and the electric generator connected with it are being conducted, as indicated by the above known technical solutions.

It is the resolution of this problem by creating a new, assembled from composite base parts, wind turbine design consisting of light concentric sleeves called energy-differentiating, which cut through-differentiate wind energy flow into parallel channels where they are located directly during installation at the site of the wind turbine operation, all its main elements, including aerodynamic blades of lightweight airtight material, provides a real opportunity to develop and build m schnyh helio-wind power systems. In addition, each of the coupled pairs of energy-differentiating bushings is fixed in space by means of autonomous rotational supports, which can be located only on the lower part of their buildings, or only on the top, or on both end ends, as well as in other places of vertically located energy-differentiating bushings.

The wind turbine consisting of concentric energy-differentiating sleeves does not contain a single shaft as a structural unit used in traditional technical solutions, and its most important feature allows providing different angular rotation speeds at different radial distances from a common axis of rotation, but close in magnitude

- 4 007635 non-linear speeds of movement of their surfaces, while the distribution of the mechanical power distributed over the cross section of the wind energy flow of the channel is carried out and converted into electrical power. These design features, taken together, can significantly increase the efficiency of both the wind turbine itself and the electrogenerating device distributed in space, as well as the overall efficiency of the total conversion of solar energy components into electrical energy. With this design of the wind turbine, any design aerodynamic forms can be attached to its blades, and their height can be set to such a size that will ultimately determine the internal resistance of the wind turbine and the level of power take off from the wind energy flow.

In order to practically carry out the installation of wind turbines with a diameter of up to 50-100 m, energy-differentiating bushings are made of small and lightweight composite modules, which are programmed to be made in packaged at specialized enterprises with the appropriate marking of each module, in accordance with the installation technology developed. In principle, autonomous rotation supports are assembled from software-made modules. The supports of rotation with their fixed part are fixed with respect to the supporting structures of the wind turbine of its base base, in particular, by means of ring platforms, which can also be made composite from light structural modules, and these platforms can have only an approximate ring shape, representing, for example, an equilateral polygon.

Fixed structural elements of the bearings of rotation, together with the structural and technological infrastructure of lubricant supply, especially if liquid supports are used, can also be located on the aforementioned ring platforms as on the foundation base.

The prefabricated hull construction of energy-differentiating sleeves is additionally secured and pre-stressed with the help of retaining cables located along the entire height of their outer surfaces made, in particular, from polymeric, coal, basalt or other high-strength materials and threads.

Steel ropes can also be used, which is determined by design decisions.

The placement of the blades of the composite wind turbine between the surfaces of each corresponding pair of energy-differentiating bushings, forming an autonomous air energy-converting channel between them, is carried out after the assembly of the energy-differentiating bushings assembly and, in most cases, their autonomous rotational supports at the designed operation site. The design of the composite wind turbine provides a variety of execution and fixing of the blades, however, the following is common for all options. Each blade is composed of such parts from a lightweight airtight material, which installers manually easily lift and place between energy-differentiating sleeves. These parts, for example, can be made of a lightweight composite, polymer material, coated with a thin film if necessary, with a shape corresponding to the design form of certain sections of the blade cross sections and a length corresponding to the distance between the surfaces of the energy-differentiating sleeves that form an autonomous air energy-converting channel. In this case, the labeled components of the blades, made in conditions of factory production, equipped with high-precision automated equipment, are joined together on horizontal surfaces, mainly with a spline connection, which ensures the consistent formation of a given aerodynamic profile of the blades. The end ends of the component parts of the blades of the wind turbine are fixed relative to the respective surfaces of the energy-differentiating sleeves by means of technological fasteners, which include, in particular, guide grooves made up of separate sections, fixed relative to the composite modules of the buildings of the energy-differentiating sleeves. The blades of a given volumetric shape can also be made from individual strips of thin-sheet material, from profiles of aluminum alloys and titanium, joined to each other and fixed relative to the surfaces of energy differentiating sleeves during installation.

Between the air energy-converting channels formed in the wind turbine by the corresponding surfaces of the energy-differentiating sleeves in which the blades rotating with them are placed are created by other surfaces of these sleeves auxiliary wind-insulated working spaces closed from the side of the entrance cavity of the wind turbine and from the cavity of the exhaust pipe of the draft pipe connected with the foundation base of wind turbines, in particular ring platforms. Through these platforms, for example, with seals and wind-insulated working spaces of the wind turbine, the supporting structures pass to accommodate technological equipment for various purposes outside the wind energy channels and above the wind turbine, in the air-pull traction pipe, including the upper supporting structures, in particular ring platforms.

The creation of wind-insulated working spaces inside the wind turbine (isolated from axial and rotating-tangential energy air flow) does not reduce its technical and economic indicators. On the contrary, this leads to an increase in the speed of the air flow in the air energy-converting channels, which makes it possible to increase the design speeds of rotation of the energy-differentiating sleeves accordingly, and this makes it possible to reduce the specific consumption of active materials in the electric

- 5 007635 generating device. The latter in this case consists of a series of concentric electrogenerating sections, in which mobile energy converting elements, made, for example, in the form of permanent magnets, are fixed relative to the surface regions of the energy-differentiating bushes free of blades. Fixed elements of power generating sections, made, for example, in the form of electric coils and magnetic circuits, are fixed relative to the base base, mainly in auxiliary workspaces, or relative to ring platforms, parallel to the structural elements of autonomous rotational supports. To provide more convenient maintenance of power generating sections with electrocommutation infrastructure and autonomous rotational supports, their composite structural elements are shifted relative to each other along the level along the axis of the wind turbine. In general, the electrogenerating sections, with their rotating excitation poles, are located mainly in auxiliary working spaces. In the case of the creation of medium-sized helio-wind power complexes, each of two concentric wind turbines includes only one pair of energy-differentiating plugs, only one set of aerodynamic blades, rotational supports and one auxiliary working space where the energy-generating section is located. When creating a lower power series, the wind guide and heliopreforming spaces unite, wind and thermo-air flows with the help of special technological means are combined into one energy air flow, which is included in one common wind turbine including one pair of energy-differentiating bushes with aerodynamic blades between them. At the same time, the auxiliary wind-insulated working space, where the electrogenerating sections and wind turbine supports are located (partially or completely), is located inside the smaller energy-differentiating sleeve and directly covers the axis of rotation of the wind turbine and the electrogenerating section. Powerful solar power plants (50-100 thousand kW and above) have a number of pairs of concentric energy-differentiating bushings with a common axis of rotation, and between each such pair is a wind-insulated auxiliary workspace with an autonomous (kinematically) electrogenerating section.

Separate electrogenerating sections can be carried out not on the electric induction principle, but according to the principle of an electrophore machine.

The electrogenerating sections using the principle of electromagnetic induction in the proposed design of the wind turbine and the electrogenerating device contain groups of electric coils in which the high-frequency voltages are phase-shifted and form a multiphase system allowing the cheapest means to form an industrial three-phase system with a given frequency. For these purposes, the electrogenerating device is connected to a semiconductor converter, through which electric coils are connected to a distribution electric network through power channels. The latter includes feeders associated with external power lines, and power lines that provide for the own needs of the helio-wind power complex. The computer control center of the latter is connected to the electrogenerating sections through the control channels, providing the synchronization modes of separate groups of electric coils and the electrogenerating device as a whole with the consuming electric system. When using the principle of an electrophore machine, the electrogenerating sections are mainly of a disk construction.

The proposed design of the wind turbine, in connection with the fine-grained layout and the peculiarities of assembling it directly on the site of the design technological placement, creates a whole range of possible implementation options that are different from each other and have specific advantages for cases, for example, larger or smaller diameters of energy-differentiating bushings, other technologies and conditions of manufacturers for various local conditions for the construction of solar-wind power complexes.

In this regard, other important features of the proposed technical solution, in contrast to the known technical solutions and the above-mentioned prototype, are that the cases of energy-differentiating sleeves are made using light metal cylinders, the outer surfaces of which are equipped with reinforcing shroud ropes attached to the means of fastening aerodynamic blades, installed and fixed between the energy-differentiating sleeves in collapsible structures using multifunctional wind turbine connections of the wind turbine, the latter being placed by means of technological holes programmed in metal cylinders located along the lines of intersection of the surfaces of the metal cylinders with the surfaces of the aerodynamic blades, and fix their relative positions in the assembly and under load.

The difference in certain diameters of the distributed sections of the wind turbine lies in the fact that at least some of the buildings of the energy-differentiating bushings are made in a prefabricated structure using marked vertical assembling modules, in particular light and high-strength metal profiles, which complete the corresponding housing of the energy-differentiating sleeve, and they are combined with their adjacent software processed

- 6 007635 surfaces, predominantly containing spline joints, and form, using shroud ropes and multifunction fasteners of a wind turbine, a single, high-strength and light pre-stressed structure, with the end ends and / or end flanges of the energy-differentiating sleeves, at least, lower they are made with sliding surfaces as elements of autonomous supports of rotation.

The difference also lies in the fact that the aerodynamic blades of wind turbines are made of composite, for example, volumetric and lightweight structures, and their constituent elements together form the complete profile of each of the aerodynamic blades defined by their calculated outer surfaces, joined to each other by adjacent surfaces and fixed in the assembled structure by multifunctional fasteners of the wind turbine and reinforcing radial ropes placed in mechanical contact with the construction materials of aerodynamic blades, while reinforcing radial ropes, placed, in particular, on their outer surfaces, are located in grooves made on these surfaces, and reinforcing radial ropes are attached at both ends by means of the mentioned multifunctional fastening joints to reinforcing bandage ropes and, in particular, , to embedded products, which are placed, for example, in the housings of energy-differentiating sleeves fixed relative to autonomous supports of rotation.

The difference is that the aerodynamic blades of the wind turbine are made by means of openwork volumetric structures, on which an airtight, high-strength material, such as glass film, is fixed, with the said openwork structures containing metal and / or composite bearing elements, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

The difference is that the aerodynamic blades of the wind turbine are made of composite sheet material.

The difference is that the field of aerodynamic, for example spherical, recesses is made on the corresponding surfaces of the volume blades.

The difference is that labeled vertically arranged racks of composite material are used as composite structural modules of energy-differentiating bush housings, each of which contains reinforcing embedded products, such as wooden metal beams.

The difference is that labeled horizontally arranged rings and / or their lobes, made, for example, of composite material, which are joined to each other along corresponding adjacent surfaces and fixed into a common structure by means of multifunctional fasteners are used as composite structural modules of energy-differentiating bushings housings. connections, reinforcing bandage ropes and power elements located in the holes made in these modules by software.

The difference also lies in the fact that the modules used in openwork structures covered with an airtight material are used as components of the hulls of energy-differentiating sleeves, and they contain structural elements for securing multifunctional fasteners, reinforcing bandage ropes and vertical fixtures mechanically connected by composite housings of energy-differentiating bushings, in particular, by means of their ends, with autonomous rotational supports last.

The difference also lies in the fact that these multifunctional fasteners of the wind turbine contain structural elements with areas of spherical surfaces and open mounting openings for mooring the radial and retaining reinforcing ropes located on the supporting structures of the aerodynamic blades and the surfaces of the hulls of energy differentiating sleeves.

The difference also lies in the fact that wind turbines contain autonomous sensors of generated energy, which are connected to the regulators of parameters of air-vent-intake and air-exhausting systems, special technological means of energy purpose and wind-loaded surface of the superstructure above the air-outlet traction tube through the control computer center.

The proposed additional set of technical solutions is aimed at improving the design of a wind turbine, simplifying and increasing the productivity of its installation, while at the same time increasing its strength and rigidity. In addition, it aims to develop the infrastructure for supplying and discharging energy air flows, including aerodynamic aids and working spaces.

Vertically arranged racks made of composite material as assembly units of the buildings of energy-differentiating bushings can be made very light and durable, reinforced with embedded metal profiles and ropes, in particular light and strong basalt, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic ropes, by means of which these modules are firmly fixed relative to the mobile elements of autonomous rotational supports. Light precast blade sections covered with an airtight material may have a pre-implemented design profile with appropriate marking. Sheet material forming the surface of the blades during installation

- 7 007635 zha, can be steel sheets, sheets of composite material and elastic films, as well as covering the surfaces of elements obtained by gluing or using the technology of manufacturing foamy, composite materials. Aerodynamic blades can also be made of polymeric materials or materials obtained using coal, ceramic, nylon and other filaments connected to film or other air-tight material. A flexible sheet material, even without prior profiling, can easily acquire the calculated aerodynamic profile of the blades during their installation, when the ends of the sheets are moving along the profile-forming grooves created on the surfaces of energy-differentiating sleeves. However, it is fundamental to use prefabricated blade designs and their assembly and disassembly by means of detachable joints. This solves a complex of the most difficult problems of practical realization of high-power turbines. The above technological multifunctional fasteners play the role of an important link in the proposed design of the wind turbine. To them, on the one hand, reinforcing radial bandage ropes are fixed, located on the surfaces and / or inside the blades and fixing their aerodynamic profile under the conditions of use of light and even flexible airtight material of the blades when exposed to very high power loads from a moving air flow, and with on the other hand, bandage ropes hardening the outer surfaces of energy-differentiating sleeves, the shells of which are composed of prefabricated lightweight modules, including titanium or aluminum alloys , under the conditions of action on them very significant centrifugal forces. At the same time, the multifunctional fixing, for example, bolted, wind turbine connections are mechanically secured by embedded products located inside certain types of assembly structural modules of energy-differentiating bushings. Thus, the multifunctional fasteners of the wind turbine fasten together flexible and lightweight, durable multi-axis cable systems, which, due to their prestressing, ensure the resulting strength and stability of the wind turbine under the combined influence of axial, radial and tangential forces on it.

For the purpose of high-performance and reliable fastening of retaining ropes after mounting the blades of the end of the multifunctional fastening (bolted) connections, facing the blades, may contain structural elements with spherical surfaces and free openings, for example, in the form of rope-holding hooks. In this case, the free end of the retaining rope imposed on the aerodynamic surface of the blade, freely moored behind the hook, then behind the adjacent hook located adjacent and rotates in the opposite direction along the surface of the blade. On the surface of the second sleeve, a similar reverse rotation of the retaining rope is made, and it is located in a parallel row again on the surface of the blade. Thus, for a variety of direct and reverse passages, the radial bandage rope covers, covers the complex spatial profile of the blade with the required density and, finally, its free end is fixed.

The ends of the multifunctional bolted joints facing the blades can also be formed in the form of other structures, for example using a hollow cylindrical insert with a strained elastic element. In this case, the cylindrical hollow insert contains on its surface a spherical groove for placing and holding the rope with partial or complete rotation of the rope around the specified insert. The elastic element in this case is designed to compensate for the possible lengthening of sections of the rope during operation, and also serves as an indicator of the condition of the rope ties during technical inspections.

The end of the multifunctional fastening (bolted) wind turbine connections coming out of the hulls of energy-differentiating sleeves on the side of their bangable outer surfaces contain structural elements to ensure the passage of the retaining ropes through the body parts of the joints for loop-like deepening them relative to the surface of the energy-differentiating sleeves by means of pre-stressed elastic elements for the same purpose deformations of the rope during operation, and t Also a visual indication of the condition of the rope ropes during technical inspections.

Multifunctional fastening (bolted) wind turbine connections are also a means of securing plates, profiles, such as steel, through which profile guide grooves can be formed to fix the end sections of the blades. Such profile grooves are formed by short sections at the stage of manufacturing the marked composite structural modules of the buildings of energy-differentiating sleeves, in particular, with the help of metal profiles, in accordance with the calculated integral aerodynamic profile of the blades and technological programs for the manufacture of each of the labeled modules.

Options for additional design features of manufacturing energy-differentiating sleeves and blades and materials used, described above, do not need to be explained. They provide opportunities for improving the technical and economic indicators of the wind turbine in relation to the various dimensions of its constituent elements, corresponding to different diameters of energy-differentiating sleeves in the wind turbine.

- 8 007635

The blades with a volumetric profile, similar to the cross section of an aircraft wing, are aimed at increasing the resulting efficiency of converting the energy of the air flow into electrical energy and are primarily related to energy-converting channels with large diameters of energy-differentiating sleeves. In this case, the wind-receiving surfaces of the blades are performed with a high coefficient of friction relative to the moving air flow, and the reverse ones with the most reduced.

To increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the helio-wind power complex, it is very important to use wind energy efficiently: natural surface and artificially created wind. For this, a technical solution related to the use of wind-concentrating convergers, which are known in the practice of local concentration of natural wind, can be used. The question of the effectiveness of using such a method in this case is to achieve the possibility of developing such a construction of a helio-transforming space and such a design of the wind-guide space confusors so that they are large-scale and naturally complement each other, mutually expand technological capabilities, and also surround the constructively combined. Their energy wind flows pass predominantly through autonomous wind turbines and are formed in the air exhaust traction pipe (only with a reduced capacity of the complex, the air flows (heated) and the wind currents are connected into one energy flow, and the wind turbines - into one single or multi-section wind turbine that converts the energy of the combined energy flow ). The latter, together with the controlled add-on, serves as an integrator of the wind currents of both spaces, which provides an increase in the amount of electricity generated. Rotating air streams, coming out of both turbines, have agreed between the direction and speed of rotation between them, and their vortex components should be strengthened in the air discharge pipe, which contributes to an increase in the resulting efficiency. However, their design consistency will not always be ensured by self-regulation due to the design selected angles of inclination (in spatial form) of the blades at the exit of the air energy-converting channels of different diameters. Therefore, it is necessary to additionally control the ratio and magnitude of the current loads of both wind turbines, ensuring the generation of electric power of the required power at any given time by adjusting the area of the wind-receiving surface of the superstructure to the air exhaust pipe, in particular, by adjusting its height, mainly section by section, or turning nodes individual sections of its surface in the image of opening (turning) the array of windows that make up the surface of the superstructure, and that also by controlling the intensity of turbulence (generating turbulence power in the pipe itself) by additionally injecting water microparticles and heated vapor-air mixture in its various coordinates, based on processing the data on air flow velocity vector, temperature and humidity at different (design) points by the computer control center the internal cavity of the air outlet pipe itself, above it and / or before entering it. The creation of non-equilibrium states of temperature and humidity of the air flow in certain areas of the traction pipe and in front of it, in front of the wind turbine, forms, in interaction with the surrounding atmosphere, enhanced, integrated traction processes with vortex formation. Vortex formation processes and mechanisms for their implementation are also created in the output channels of high-speed air flows from both the solar conversion and wind guide spaces by means of special technological (thermal and aerodynamic) means and devices. For example, in front of the annular nozzle outlets of both of these channels, air-guide devices are placed with inclined fixed blades that finish guiding air turbines into the wind turbines at design angles, and in front of them are tapered helical surfaces with hot air-vapor mixture applied to them, as well as other thermal and aerodynamic means. at the previous stages of the preparation of wind flow. In a certain way, created rotational vortex sources in a moving air energy working body allow, in conjunction with a new (proposed above) wind turbine design, to decisively increase the resulting efficiency of energy conversion and significantly reduce the unit cost of the complex.

Compliance with the spatial design and technological proportions of the complex with the power and dimensions of the wind turbine, traction pipe, the construction of a heliopreforming space, which includes large ground and submerged helium-absorbing and heat-generating surfaces, surfaces provided with a beam-reflecting material in large-scale beam-guiding structures, and made in the form of elongated length the height of the autonomous sections, allows you to create wind-concentrating convergers of unusual designs and sizes, wind-guiding surfaces of which are mainly obtained by creating the helio-transforming, beam-guiding and heat-generating surfaces and spaces. The additional wind-guiding surface of such wind-concentrating convergers is created by arranging a transparent ceiling, the design of which has many options. In addition to this, besides the energy concentration function of the surface natural wind, in a wind-guiding space with such ceilings, it is possible to carry out a number of exothermic processes not characteristic of helioptrus

- 9 007635 forming space, using their heat generation to increase the energy saturation of the moving concentrated natural wind. (This wind concentration can be carried out in two stages - in the helio-transforming space and above it, that is, above the wind ceilings).

For example, in the variants of the complex, a powerful exothermic process of freezing water in winter periods, especially sea water in the northern and eastern regions of Russia, is provided, followed by using ice to produce fresh water for the needs of its own energy production, the costs of which are quite significant and which are contained in the power complex artificial freshwater reservoirs, as well as for the use of ice for environmental large-scale purposes and as a marketable product. The processing of the remaining brine of seawater into valuable products of high consumer value also leads to additional profits. The energy component of the phase transition of seawater to ice exceeds 70 kcal / kg. In the helio-wind power complex with an electrical capacity of 20-100 thousand kW, freezing can be carried out in the respective regions for several months in the winter period from one to several million cubic meters. meters of water, using at the same time the free energy of the world’s ocean through various technological processes. In particular, the saturation of the energy of the air flow with the microparticles of fresh water in a further technological cycle gives a large increase in the thrust in the draft air vent during the cold season. In addition, ice and cold sea water (including at the equator) make it possible to create modes of formation of artificial wind in summer, entering the wind guide space of a covered (or underground) wind channel, regardless of the natural wind and in addition to it. Artificial wind can be created using water-air heat exchangers, structures in which the air flow, passing through the air intake through the air intake, is cooled with cold water or melting ice and acquires an accelerated downward motion in the process channel, and then in the lifting section is heated by a heat generator, for example , sunlight, water from the heat accumulators, acquiring additional accelerated motion in the wind guide space, to the entrance cavity of the wind turbine. An air stream that forms an artificial wind can come in contact with water as a coolant or coolant by means of water pipes or directly falling water jets. The input of energy flows of air into wind turbines is carried out by means of special aerodynamic means, in which additional energy saturation of flows is made, and the rotational component of their high-speed movements is given and amplified, and their angle of attack on air-receiving surfaces of aerodynamic blades is set.

Taking into account that the main service personnel of the helio-wind power complex is located in the heliopreforming space, as well as the fact that the latter houses vegetable and berry-fruit plantations, it provides for comfortable temperature conditions and clean air. Therefore, a number of other exothermic processes, for example, associated with hot canning of various products, drying and smoking fish products, algae processing, disposal of various wastes, are placed in the wind-guiding space or supplied by appropriate ventilation systems, in particular, using the primed surfaces of industrial premises created for these goals. Such a helio-wind power complex allows using various fields as additional exothermic sources of heat, as well as sources of additional self-sufficiency of the energy complex.

An important feature of the proposed technical solution is to ensure the structural stability of the wind-power complex with hurricane winds to speeds above 50 m / s.

The basis of the stability of the whole structure is a very powerful seismically resistant framework of the heliopreforming and wind-guiding spaces and the supporting framework on which the wind turbine and air-vent traction pipe, the foundation supports, and the system of flexible and durable cable stretch marks are mounted. It is performed by means of composite supports and columns, in particular, of composite lightweight modules and materials, with reinforcing embedded products, mass-produced on specialized technological lines and possessing high strength and stability in structures. The assembly of the supports and columns of the supporting frame of the labeled modules is carried out on highly mobile and highly productive special technological equipment, and therefore, as a result, they have a low cost in comparison with modern building technologies and structures in industrial and residential construction. Additional stability of the supporting structures is provided by fixing them on the periphery of the complex to the base base by means of elastic stressed elements, with a wind deflector, with the help of a cable-carrying grid. Hurricane-protective structures and devices, including relocated ones, can additionally be fixed on them. It is preferable to use ropes from polymeric, carbon, glass or ceramic filaments, as well as from flexible steel strips. With proper use of strength and lightness of strained cable structures, with their certain very important elasticity, the base frame of the helio-wind power complex turns out to be, in general, much stronger than traditional industrial metal and reinforced concrete structures.

The solar power complex according to the proposed invention contains optionally

- 10 007635 tons of increased power artificial reservoirs of fresh water with both a transparent thermal insulating coating as a powerful heat accumulator, and open reservoirs of fresh or sea water. Water reserves in such reservoirs in the total amount of 5-10 million cubic meters. m for helio-wind power complexes with a capacity of 100 thousand kW are insignificant in comparison with water bodies formed during the creation of hydroelectric power plants per unit of their capacity, while the proposed technological solution does not cause environmental damage to natural resources, but vice versa. In open artificial reservoirs, it is also useful to use in winter the thermal energy stored in the body of the planet (through the bottom).

Surface areas of the ground, located under the transparent thermal insulation coatings and wind-reflecting surfaces, can be used for additional economic activity. In particular, it is particularly efficient to locate livestock and poultry farms around the perimeter of the helio-wind energy complex, for which almost free thermal and electrical energy will be available, and their ventilation and fecal waste will be utilized almost on site, as well as fish production waste, with obtaining very valuable secondary products and heat energy. In such a technological scheme is guaranteed essentially the lowest cost of food. The latter, predominantly, also undergo preliminary temperature preparation or hot processing, which provides additional heat fluxes lost in standard cases. When constructing freezers for storing food stocks before they are sold, the thermal components of the processes of cold formation are also utilized on site, which has a positive effect on the cost of production. At the same time, structures and farms located along the periphery, created in the same structure with the solar-wind power complex, reduce the cost of means of protection and protection of the complex itself.

The joint operation modes of the sectioned helio-converting and wind-guiding spaces, in one-story or two-story versions, taking into account the repair work, require computer control and the relevant regulatory bodies, including airtight valves. In addition, a balanced use of the potential energy capacities of both spaces is necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the parameters of the generated electricity in both wind turbine generators or in a combined partitioned wind turbine generator, in order to optimize the distribution of loads between the two spaces with the help of valves. In addition, in order to save their capacities (energy reserves), it is important to control the air flow regimes in the traction tube and the superstructure to it. These regimes are fundamentally influenced by the presence of vapor and microparticles of moisture in the air flow, optimization of the processes of rotational vortex motions of the latter. For these purposes, it is planned to use sensors of vector speed motion of air, its temperature and humidity. The use of natural wind energy on the second floor is also envisaged - at the level of the surface of the air exhaust controlled superstructure to the traction pipe. In particular, the frame, through which the surface of the superstructure is created, contains rotating structures similar to windows, which appropriately open and launch the wind flow into the internal cavity of the pipe with rotation, and with a wind of more than 20 m / s provide the pipe's wind permeability.

Helio-wind power complex is an energy-producing, technologically and economically balanced system that provides the production of the cheapest electric and thermal energy, the cheapest food with the most highly productive use of the earth's surface and with a simultaneous systemic revival of the environment.

The basis of this efficiency of the proposed helio-wind energy complex is the joint and balanced, organized dynamically, interaction of all solar energy components that manifest themselves in the environment, as well as the additional targeted use for economic purposes of each technological section of the complex located on its territory in front of the wind turbine unit.

An example of the implementation of the helio-wind power complex according to the proposed invention is given below by means of FIG. 1-7, where constructive-technological solutions are presented in one of the variants that determine the performance of the complex.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the formation of wind energy channels, which are predetermined by the special design of the wind turbine, as well as the power generating device.

FIG. Section 2 presents the sector of one of the constructive wind turbine variants in the plan, explaining the distinctive features of the wind turbine.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the location of the blades of the wind turbine, made in the likeness of the cross section of an airplane wing.

FIG. 4 shows a fragment of a possible design of the housing of the energy-differentiating sleeve, which, together with similar ones, is the basic component of the wind turbine.

FIG. 5 shows an example of fixing a wind turbine blade.

FIG. 6 shows one of the layout schemes for the multifunctional fastening (in particular, bolted) wind turbine connection, and also shows its main structural elements as connection

- 11 007635 wind turbine technological adaptation.

FIG. 7 shows one of the layouts of the helio-transformation and wind-guide spaces of the helio-wind energy complex.

In this example of implementation of the helio-wind power complex according to the invention, the central importance is attached to the design and technological features of the wind turbine and the power generating device, because the creation of an efficient and practically feasible power wind turbine-generator unit for high-power solar power complexes is still one of the main issues of their implementation. Only after the resolution of this problem, other very important features of the creation of powerful solar power complexes as the basic links of new, environmentally friendly energy become relevant. The illustrations are presented in one of the options of autonomous sections - wind turbine power channels, however, it is possible to use identical sections, including as part of two wind turbines, in more or fewer of them, with reduced or other placement of electricity generating sections.

Around the axis 1 wind turbine (Fig. 1) concentric cylindrical housing 2 basic components of a wind turbine (or two wind turbines on the same level, in the same section) - energy-differentiating sleeves, which are placed on stand-alone supports 3, represented by convention. Air energy-converting-wind energy channels 4 are formed between the respective surfaces of the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating sleeves, into which the air-heat 5 and wind 6 streams are split, connected in the cavity 7 of the air exhaust traction tube 8 (Fig. 7), and exactly in accordance with streams 5 and 6 identical channels 4 in such a special design, refer either to a concentrated natural wind wind turbine or to a high-dynamic thermo-air wind turbine flow from a heliopreforming space. As mentioned above, the connection variants of both streams (5, 6) and up to cavity 7 can be realized, at the entrance to the channels 4 of the wind turbine. In the air energy-converting channels 4, the blades of the wind turbine 9 are placed, which are fixed in a free-fall assembly structure relative to the corresponding buildings 2 of the energy-differentiating bushings by means of the guide grooves of the multifunctional, in this case bolted, connections 10 of the wind turbine and reinforcing radial ropes 11 (in Fig. 1 they are shown dotted line, in Fig. 3-6 - more detailed), covering the aerodynamic profile of the blades along predominantly radial parallel trajectories. In the gap between the channels 4, auxiliary working spaces 12 wind turbines are formed by means of other pairs of surfaces of the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating sleeves, which are air-insulated in this variant by means of fixed ring platforms 13, on which fixed elements of autonomous rotational supports 3 are fixed. 14 for securing equipment located outside the wind energy channels and above the wind turbine, including the stake evye platform 15 disposed above the lower annular parallel wind turbine platform 13 (more potent). The supporting structures 14 pass through the ring platforms 13, 15 as their supporting structures, with seals from the free parallel movement of the air 5 and wind 6 flows. Adjustable dampers 16 and sealing devices 17 are fixed to the upper annular platforms 15. In this case, the adjustable dampers 16 are made of a flexible corrugated air-tight material fixed by a free or sliding fit relative to the annular platforms, and are controlled (by electric or hydraulic actuators). so that the wind-air flow freely passes through the openings between the ring platforms 13, 15 and the air energy-converting channels 4, rotating the blades 9 the wind bins, but at the same time that the air-tight material of the adjustable dampers 16 block the path of wind-air flow through the energy conversion channel that is being repaired at a given time, as well as to ensure the selection of technological modes and power take-off values in specific channels 4. Adjustable dampers 16 can be performed also from individual metal plates that are shifted relative to each other in separate annular areas, when in one extreme position the metal plates with irayutsya in the package, and in the other extreme position completely cover the annular gap between the annular platform 15. They can also be performed in a controlled shutters.

Sealing devices 17 fixed to ring platforms 15 provide for overlapping of ways for infiltration of wind-air flow between them and rotating (or fixed for certain periods of time) end surfaces of buildings 2 of energy-differentiating sleeves into auxiliary working spaces 12. In the variant with placement of electrogenerating sections and supports of rotation the auxiliary workspace supplies atmospheric cooling air to the air duct last.

If the autonomous bearings of rotation 3, in the case of powerful wind turbines, are installed in the upper part of the buildings 2 of the energy-differentiating bushings, air sealing devices 17 are made in relation to the design of the supports of rotation. Air sealing devices both in the input and output cavities of the air energy-converting channels are created mainly with the use of locks, in which rather deep rings are made in the rotating parts

- 12 007635 tsii grooves, grooves, inside of which are included in the free fit of the collar - annular protrusions on the fixed parts of the mating structures.

The outer surfaces of the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating sleeves are covered by retaining cables 18, which fix with the prestressing of their structure.

Inside the housing 2 energy-differentiating sleeves are embedded products 19, made in the form of metal plates, rods or ropes, by means of which the hulls of energy-differentiating sleeves are additionally strengthened and rigid mechanical connection of them with moving sliding surfaces of autonomous rotational supports 3 is ensured.

Multipurpose bolted connections 10 wind turbines reinforce between each other reinforcing radial and retaining ropes 11, 18 and embedded products 19 in a single prestressed structure, which takes on the action of the whole system of axial, radial and tangential forces, ensuring its strength and lightness, strength, lightness and the stability of the wind turbine as a whole at high linear speeds of rotation of the surfaces of energy-differentiating bushings. The angular rotational speeds of the latter are different and increase with decreasing distance of the surfaces of individual, pairwise connected blades, energy differentiating bushings from the axis of rotation 1. This applies not only to autonomous, concentrically located turbines, but also to the parameters of autonomous energy channels of each of them, including to one combined wind turbine, with a reduced capacity of the complex.

In this embodiment of the invention, to the housings 2 of energy-differentiating sleeves are rigidly fixed in the lower end part moving sliding surfaces of autonomous rotational supports made by means of annular saddles 20 (or the same - end flanges of the housings 2) with well-developed horizontal shelves 21 and bases 22. Their surfaces , as well as vertical cylindrical surfaces, to which the fixed supporting sliding elements 23 are kinematically docked, must be machined with high precision and purity according to Particularly requirements for the manufacture of large-sized bearings. A more effective method of manufacturing the specified saddle-shaped profile is its composition of the lower, side and upper components. The design corresponds to the use of fluid or air rotary bearings. When using magnetic or electromagnetic bearings of rotation, the above design version undergoes changes, and such supports can be placed fully or partially (depending on the power of the turbine) in the auxiliary working space 12, where in this case it is advisable to place the electrogenerating sections.

The component parts of the saddles 20, which further form an assembly of a high-precision saddle ring, have a small length with a strictly calculated profile, joint surfaces and are processed with high-precision software. When a wind turbine is installed at the workplace, they are joined to each other, for example, by means of pin joints made from below in the vertical flange ends of the horizontal shelves 21 of each of the component parts of the saddles 20, and additionally fastened with an adhesive material. Balancing, polishing, lapping in the final form are carried out at the design workplace of the wind turbine after its complete assembly.

The supporting elements 23 of the supports of rotation 3 are arranged in such a way that they fix the position of the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating bushings in the axial and radial directions. FIG. 1 the design of the bearings of rotation is represented schematically, its standard elements are not shown, including collections of lubricants and other integral structural elements. The equipment for the sequential promotion, balancing and lapping of the structural elements of the wind turbine is not shown either. When using magnetic bearings of rotation, fixation of housings 2 in radial directions is most expedient from the side of the electrogenerating sections.

Permanent magnets 24 are fixed on the surfaces of the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating sleeves free of blades 9 and elements of autonomous rotational supports 3 as energy-stimulating elements of electrogenerating ring sections and fixed electric coils 25, which with magnetic cores are fixed on ring platforms 13. To ensure convenience and quality of operational maintenance of autonomous supports of rotation and ring power generating sections of the latter are structurally shifted in the axial direction. All power generating sections, regardless of which wind turbine they belong to, together constitute a single power generating device distributed in space - similar in output electric parameters to a standard power generator articulated in traditional designs by means of a shaft, a coupling (and, possibly, a gearbox) with a shaft standard wind turbine. The difference in the technical solution according to the proposed invention lies in the fact that the selection of wind power and the conversion of the resulting mechanical power into electrical power is carried out in a contactless way and in places as close as possible to the areas where the energy of the high-speed air flow is converted into mechanical energy. This is followed by other design and technological features of the wind turbine and the power generating device distributed in space, which increase the resulting efficiency, reduce their unit cost, increase reliability and maintainability.

- 13 007635

The schematic arrangement of the electrogenerating sections in FIG. 1 is shown conditionally for explanation. In fact, the lower end of aerodynamic blades approximately coincides with the lower plane of the end ends of the energy-differentiating bushings, according to the conditions for ensuring a given angle of attack of the air flow on the aerodynamic rotating surfaces of the blades. The lower end ends of the blades in the horizontal plane are fixed, in actual design, relatively high-strength aerodynamic beams, specially installed between the corresponding energy-differentiating sleeves in the radial directions. Between the aerodynamic beams at a predetermined angle to the surface of the blades, close to 90 °, high-speed air flow passes, which emerges from the aerodynamic nozzle at the formed angle of attack, which is the final link of the finishing channel (concentrated natural wind from wind direction space or high-dynamic thermo-air flow from helio-transforming space ). Each of the two finishing channels can be completed not by one nozzle exit, but by several according to the number of air energy-converting channels 4 of the corresponding wind turbine and auxiliary working spaces 12 located between them. It is in the latter that the annular electricity generating sections are located, having the structural representation shown in FIG. 1. From the finishing channel at the entrance to the wind turbine, the high-speed airflow (5, 6) must not enter the auxiliary workspace 12 or the environment. To this end, it is envisaged to use a constructive-technological lock, which is a combination of wavy endings of each nozzle and deep grooves in the peripheral ends of air intake flanges, which include aerodynamic beams like spokes. The design of the wind turbine may not contain aerodynamic beams, the functions of which can perform reinforced end of the blades.

Since the dimensions of the wind-insulated working spaces 12 of the wind turbine are significant, they can jointly accommodate the structural elements of the autonomous rotational supports and the power generating sections with the provision of the necessary service area. Access to the space 12 is carried out, in particular, through openings in ring platforms, which are joined at the sides with conical surfaces (with a vertical axis). In the illustrations shown, the structures described are not shown.

FIG. 1 shows that the entrance cavity 26 of the wind turbine contains a series of dampers, also regulated by hydraulic actuators or electric drives connected via control devices to the computer control center (not shown in the figures), as well as controlled dampers 16. All dampers may have a design similar to that described to controlled valves 16.

The automatic dampers 27, which control the entrance of the wind flow, and 28, which control the entrance of the energy-saturated air flow from the sections of the helix-converting space, are shown in their location in FIG. 1 conditionally. In fact, they are arranged vertically or obliquely on the outer cylindrical surface of the entrance cavity 26 of the wind turbine, which is more clearly shown in FIG. 7. The task of the dampers 27, 28 is to select the modes of interaction between the helio-transforming and wind-guiding spaces, taking into account the actual (current) values of their energy saturation, their energy potentials, technological support of repair work, etc.

Automatically controlled dampers 29 can be used to regulate the flow of energy of the working fluid within the inlet cavity 26 of the wind turbine, assuming that, at the nominal capacities of the wind currents and airflow, they are isolated by means of the dampers 29, and connected only in the inner cavity 7 of the exhaust air traction pipe.

However, there may be intermediate modes. Separate design solutions may contain the connection of wind-carrying channels above a thermo-aerial wind turbine.

Valves 30, which have an auxiliary purpose, can also be used to provide conditions for the repair and maintenance work. In this case, the valve 30 is structurally fixed relative to the annular support platforms 13 by means of sliding fasteners. Between the ring platforms separating the high-speed air flows between the air energy-converting spaces, transitions are aerodynamically arranged over the air flows that allow service personnel to pass to the auxiliary spaces 12. For supervision and maintenance work in the latter, viewing windows and doorways are made in the ring platforms. , ladders and fixtures for the placement of auxiliary improvised repair tools. Upper ring platforms are fastened using support structures 14.

In the case of the use of valves 29, they are also fixed relative to the support structures 14, their position in FIG. 1 indicated conditionally.

These dampers are shown only to illustrate the principle of building a helio-wind power complex, and in various versions of its design they can be combined in various places with special technological means of thermo-aerodynamic energy saturation of moving air flows.

FIG. 2, the presentation of the structural arrangement of the wind turbine (of both wind turbines) is deepened.

- 14 007635

Here, the energy-differentiating bushes 31 are represented in projection by four composite concentric rings assembled from the marked structural modules 32 of their housings 2 (in Fig. 2, one of such modules is made up of the housings 2 of each energy-differentiating hub in the projection). Air energy-converting channels 4 and wind-insulated working spaces 12 of the wind turbine are formed between the energy-differentiating bushings 31. In channels 4 between the respective surfaces of the energy-differentiating sleeves 31 are placed the blades 9, across which are retaining cables 11, secured by means of multifunctional bolted connections 10 of the wind turbine. Sections 33 in the projection represent the upper (from the side of the air exhaust traction pipe) end of the volume of the blades. FIG. 2, the beginning of the schematically represented blades 9, which is located in the lower part of the housings 2, is closed by the upper end 33 of the previous blade. In view of AA, this is shown in FIG. 3 and in part in FIG. 4: the blades 9, starting at the bottom, by means of a lightweight air-tight material 34, forming a volumetric aerodynamic shape of the blade, are completed at the top with a section 33, the horizontal projection of which closes the beginning of the subsequent blade. Banding radial ropes 11 are located on the surfaces of the lightweight airtight material outside and inside the volumetric cavity of the blade 9 (in Fig. 3, the internal cavity of the blade is marked with horizontal dashed lines). Here it is shown that when laying a lightweight air-tight material 34 between the surfaces of energy-differentiating sleeves 31, with housings 2 (Fig. 1), it is located between the pins 35 fixed relative to the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating sleeves along the spatial lines corresponding to the aerodynamic profile of the blades 9, as well as their edges.

FIG. 3-5 shows the placement of the edge 36 of the blade 9 by means of profile-forming grooves, grooves formed by angles 37 fixed by means of plates 38 by joining sections on the marked structural modules 32. These auxiliary plates 38 are fixed relative to the marked constructive modules 32, of which the housing 2 energy-differentiating sleeves 31 are composed , by means of multifunctional bolted joints or technological studs 10 wind turbines. If the blade is formed from horizontal sections of a certain height - blocks that are given the conserved shape of specific sections of the aerodynamic volumetric cavity and the surfaces of the blades - then fixing their edges 36 is more acceptable by means of pins 35 (Fig. 3) or in combination with the guide profile from the corners. If the aerodynamic surface of the blade is formed from a flexible sheet material, including its bulk design, it is more preferable to fix their edges 36 by means of guide grooves formed by the angles 37 shown in FIG. 5 (in Fig. 3, the projection of the section of the blade along AA, indicated by the numbers 34, coincides with the edge 36 of the lightweight air-tight material, therefore fractional designation 36/34 is used). If sections of volumetric blades, the aerodynamic shape of which is approximately similar to the cross section of an airplane wing, are made of lightweight airtight material in such a way that these sections retain their shape after production (at least without load), hardening radial ropes may not be placed inside such blades, but only outside. In this case, it may also be advisable to use not specified ropes, but banding strips or their segment hoops with a flat cross-section.

FIG. 4 shows a collapsible fastening of the edges 36 of the volumetric aerodynamic blades relative to a group of adjacent structural modules 32 of the housing 2 of the energy-differentiating bushes 31, including the use of a sliding fixing fit in the guide grooves. The rope 11, located on the upper profile of the blade, approaches the surface of module I, rotates and is placed along the surface of modules I, II, III by means of the multifunctional bolted connection 10 (not shown in Fig. 4), and on structural module III makes a similar rotation by multifunctional bolted connection 10 and is directed perpendicular to the surface of the module III in the opposite direction, along the outer surface of the blade. And then the process is repeated until the entire surface of the blade is fixed by parallel sections of the rope ropes with a certain step. In exactly the same way, if necessary, the process is carried out relative to another profiled sheet material of the bulk blade (forming its wind receiving surface) with rotation of the reinforcing radial rope 11 on the multifunctional bolted connections 10 of the wind turbine fixed in the design modules II and IV.

FIG. 4 also shows a fragment of the placement of the marked structural modules 32 in the annular seat 20, where sliding surfaces 22 are provided, relative to which support elements 23 of autonomous rotational supports are kinematically fixed, and holes 39 are shown in them to connect pressurized lubricant working fluid supply systems. Autonomous supports, as mentioned, can be based not only on the principle of liquid lubrication of a metal sliding contact, but also on the use of a lubricant working fluid cushion - a liquid or air cushion between the bearing (sliding between) elements of autonomous rotational supports, as well as using magnetic pillows.

FIG. 6 shows the role of the multifunctional bolted joint 10 of a wind turbine, which in this embodiment of the proposed invention binds together firmly and with

- 15 007635 prestressing the rack (the body itself) of the marked constructive module 32, retaining cables 11 and 18, and embedded products 19. With it, the main fastening assemblies of the wind turbine and, in general, its supporting pre-stressed structure are formed. In this embodiment, bolted connection 10 shows the use of an additional hook-shaped surface for mobile gripping and holding the retaining rope 11. There are a number of options for fastening the rope II relative to the details of the connection 10. Elastic elements in the latter to maintain the tension of the ropes with some elongation (deformation) in the process operating in FIG. 6 are not shown, since there are a number of options for their fastening and prestressing, and the given construction of this unit is intended only to illustrate the possibility of implementing the proposed main technical solutions.

FIG. 7 shows the placement of five elongated sections 40 of heliopreforming space and five elongated wind-concentrating convergers 41, forming a jointly wind-directing space, which converge from the periphery to the entrance cavity 26 of the wind turbine and the internal cavity 7 of the exhaust pipe of the traction pipe 8 (the projection of the traction pipe and the wind turbine unit in plan coincide , and they are denoted by a single digit).

It should be noted that the wind turbine of the natural wind flow, covering the outside, in diameter, the first wind turbine, can be located at a different level - above the first, but the final summation of the air flow in the pipe 8 remains.

Peripheral endings of the wind guide space do not have a stationary translucent heat insulating coating, walls - they are free to collect the natural surface wind.

The peripheral ends of the heliopreforming space have an oblique, translucent heat insulating coating 42. It is made by forming rope lines between the peripheral carrier cable 43 and the foundation bases 44 with reinforcing forms attached to these lines, in which a transparent net of strong threads is placed. This design is, with regard to its inclined placement, stable up to a wind speed of 40-50 m / s, and can also be enhanced to speeds of 60-70 m / s With the possibility of high wind speeds, this design can be enhanced by using other materials. The specified wind protection does not require the use of special materials around the perimeter: it is enough to have its area in a relative amount of 25% with a sliding movement system and automated storage of protective material (during periods of low wind).

The latter also applies to protect the design of the wind guide space from destruction by especially powerful hurricane winds. This technical solution provides for the placement on its periphery of devices for fixing and automatically moving wind-deflecting surfaces into the wind zone. Depending on the natural wind speed, the position of the high-strength material on the periphery of the wind-guide space is adjusted so that the input speed of the concentrated wind flow to the turbine corresponds to a given constant value.

In the wind guide space 41, the technological platforms 45 are shown with a dotted line, where the mobile, re-mounted equipment is installed for seasonal purposes. However, the designation 45 can be understood as the placement of the entire technological infrastructure of the wind guide space, including also the technological rooms located under the inclined peripheral wind-opening 46, where the indicated wind-control devices are located. For example, on the periphery, under the inclined air intakes 46, livestock farms with their relatively low surfaces, with wind-guiding primer surfaces, can be placed.

There may be options with a complete combination of wind-guiding and heliopreforming spaces, including the development of the first upward - above translucent or combined ceilings - heliopreforming space. In particular, a special wind guide space can be created at the surface of the controlled superstructure to the traction tube.

Works helio-wind power complex according to the proposed invention as follows.

The sun's rays, acting through a translucent heat insulating coating in the helio-converting space 40, cause the air in it to be heated by means of dark helium-absorbing surfaces. The latter are ground surfaces, cultivated agricultural plantations, water surfaces of thermally insulated ponds and accumulators, vertical and inclined helio-absorbing surfaces made, for example, in the form of adjustable louvers, as well as the surface of exothermic equipment located in the heliopreforming space, which are not shown in the figures presented. clarity and multivariate execution. In addition, the sun's rays manifest their action in the heliopreforming space through the supply of a separately heated working medium to it in high-temperature greenhouse complexes. Helio-transforming space, mainly, is equipped with a beam-guiding surfaces, located both inside it and outside. Ray-guiding surfaces orient the reflected (mirrored material) sunlight to the corresponding special

- 16 007635 nologicheskie means with the aim of increasing in them the specific intensity of energy transformations.

The air from the surrounding priming medium enters, in this example, into the helio-transforming space through controlled openings in inclined peripheral walls 42 and / or through underground air ducts. Acquiring additional heating, and further - the speed of vortex rotational movement and saturation of water vapor and microparticles with the help of special technological means in the solar space, aerodynamic, now high-speed air flow enters the inlet cavity 26 (see Fig. 7, 1) of the wind turbine, or rather the first thermo-air wind turbine and then into the internal cavity 7 of the exhaust pipe 8 via parallel air supply channels through adjustable dampers 28 (simultaneously from five independent sections 40th helio-transforming space). Since the velocities of air energy flows through wind turbines are very high, holes are created on the surfaces of the aerodynamic blades, which play an important role in the interaction of air currents and blades. In particular, on the incident surfaces of the blades (the backs of the latter) holes are made - holes in a staggered pattern with a diameter of about 10 mm and a depth of 2-3 mm, which sharply reduces the friction force of the air flow due to the formation of a vortex lubricant in the hole. On the frontal, wind-resistant, run-away surfaces of the blades, it is necessary to create an increased friction force of the air flow. This can be facilitated by the creation of fields of shallow holes with a diameter of about 2 mm and a depth of about 0.5 mm or ribbed surfaces of similar parameters, which contributes to the emergence of quasi-cavitation processes useful in this case, including on the basis of water particles entering them.

At the same time, the surface natural wind, in this example, enters the sections - the wind-concentrating winding space confuser of space 41. Such sections in FIG. 7 is also represented five, and they are formed by the surfaces of the lateral faces of the sections 40 of the heliopreforming space, which can also be covered with a radiation-reflecting material, with transparent thermal insulation ceilings, which in FIG. 7 in the wind guide space 41 are marked by transversal hatching (more conventionally, the representation of transverse ropes on which a translucent heat insulating coating of wind cages is fixed), as well as primed wind guide surfaces.

In the wind guide space 41, exothermic waste recycling equipment is also housed, for example, for the processing and incineration of household garbage (in a separate section), which is shown in FIG. 7 is shown conditionally (45). In the wind-guiding spaces, the wind-flow is also additionally heated, including by means of sunlight, penetrating through the wind-ceiling, by means of heat loss of the solar-converting space 40, heat generation of exothermic equipment, etc.

The natural wind is concentrated in the wind guide space 41 due to the wind guide surfaces and flows through adjustable dampers 27 into the internal cavity 26 of the wind turbine (more precisely, into the wind turbine of the natural wind flow). With a natural wind speed of 5-6 m / s averaged over the year, the concentrated wind flow, with an area of 50 hectares of solar complex, reaches the speed at the entrance to the wind turbine at averaged 50-60 m / s per year (taking into account the changing wind direction). In the inner cavity 26 of both wind turbines, the concentrated wind flow and air flow from sections 40 of the heliopreforming space are separated by adjustable dampers 29 and connected in parallel after passing the wind turbine, it can be said, the combined wind turbine by means of the internal cavity 7 of the exhaust air traction pipe. The modes of interaction and orientation in the energy channels 4 of both wind turbines of wind flow 6 and heated thermo-air flow 5 (Fig. 1) are controlled by a computer control center through actuators - adjustable dampers 27, 28, 29, 30 and 16.

Peripheral terminations of 46 wind-concentrating convergers - sections of the wind-guide space 41 - are normally open across the entire width and height. They are formed by inclined rope slings, fixed relative to the peripheral carrier ropes 43 and the foundation bases 44, located at a distance of 30-50 m from the peripheral carrier ropes 43. On these inclined carrier ropes there is also an anchoring grid (not shown in Fig. 7), which made of high-strength filaments, although it may be close to the center of the energy complex. When the wind is strengthened, the air intake openings of the wind guide space are partially reduced (by means of hurricane protection) so that the speed of the concentrated wind at the entrance to the wind turbine does not exceed 50-60 m / s or another design value.

The wind-air flow, formed as a result of the operation of the helio-converting and wind-directing spaces 40, 41, flows through the entrance cavity 26 of the combined wind turbine into autonomous energy-converting air channels 4 formed by the housings 2 of the energy-differentiating bushes 31 (Fig. 1, 2).

The wind-air flow influences the blades of the 9 wind turbines by means of its input energy parameters: speed Wo and pressure Ro. On the aerodynamic surfaces of the blades, normal forces P arise, which are the result of the effect of the total pressure drop of the air flow, its kinetic energy, as well as the normal pressures applied to the surfaces of the blades due to the difference in the velocity modules U ₂ and UL caused by the volume profiles of the blades.

- 17 007635

At the outlet of the wind turbine into the internal cavity 7 of the air exhaust traction pipe, the wind-air flow emerges at a speed U ₂ ^P , which has rotational and translational (tangential and axial) components used further in controlling the technological processes in the air exhaust pipe itself and at its outlet. In order to form a single airflow in the latter, another step of the structural and technological integration of both wind turbines (or different sections of the same wind turbine) into one common complex was implemented through the fact that the calculated angles of inclination of the surfaces of the aerodynamic blades in them and in their air energy-converting channels 4 are formed. the angles in the corresponding phase positions of the blades (during rotation) are the same or increasing towards the peripheral energy-differentiating bushes. The force T on the aerodynamic blades creates a torque, and each pair of energy-differentiating sleeves 31, between which the blades 9 are fixed (in the wind energy channels 4), begins to rotate. Adjacent pairs of energy-differentiating sleeves 31 connected by blades 9 have different angular velocities, but approximately the same, maximum possible linear velocities of their surfaces at a certain value of Wo, which contributes to maximum efficiency, reduced consumption of active materials in the design and construction of wind turbines and power generating sections.

The moment and speed of rotation of the energy-differentiating sleeves that have arisen through the wind energy flow on the aerodynamic blades 9, leads to a linear movement of the magnetic systems - rotating energy-converting elements 24 - relative to their fixed response energy-converting elements - electric coils with magnetic cores 25, as a result of which an electromotive occurs in electric coils strength. When electric power circuits are closed, electric current is generated through controlled semiconductor devices, and the power generating sections distributed in space transfer the corresponding power to external consumers. In addition, part of the electrical energy is directed to the own needs of the helio-wind power complex, the main power of which is consumed in water-heat storage devices and facilities. In water-heat accumulators, in the case of using sea water, industrial volumes of useful impurities from sea water are extracted and desalinated, and cleaned in the cheapest way.

The blades of the wind turbine 9 acquire a design aerodynamic shape when installed by means of pins 35 or guide grooves made by means of strips 38 and parallel angles 37, fixed relative to the marked structural modules 32, of which the buildings 2 are formed of energy-differentiating sleeves 31 reinforced with shroud ropes 18 and embedded products 19, for example, steel cable ties (Fig. 1-6). FIG. 2 shows the placement of aerial energy conversion channels 4, wind-insulated spaces 12 wind turbines in plan. In the horizontal projection of the volumetric blades 9, retaining ropes 11 are visible, fixing the aerodynamic profile of the blades, multifunctional bolted connections 10 and the internal cavity 33 (marked by horizontal shading) of the volumetric blades 9. And the beginning of each blade at the bottom of the wind turbine is closed by the horizontal projection of the internal cavity 33 of the preceding blade, which is formed its two profile-forming surfaces.

The layout of the multifunctional bolted connections of the wind turbine on the marked constructive module of the energy-differentiating sleeve, their role in the whole design of the wind turbine as a device connecting the retaining cables 11 and 18 and the reinforcing fixings 19 with a strong mechanical assembly, is clear from FIG. 6 and the foregoing description.

The presented illustrative materials, the description of the structures and the operation of the helio-wind power complex according to the proposed invention, together with the statement of the claims, show that, according to the proposed interrelated technical solutions, the created complex can be easily assembled from factory-made marked components, convenient in operation, has many-sided technological functions, including energy production, agro-industrial high-performance technologies and systems emnogo, on an industrial scale, a healthier environment. The specific costs for the construction of such a complex, as can be understood from the above, are significantly lower than for the construction of a combined heat and power plant, a state district power station and a nuclear power plant of similar capacity, and operating costs are many times lower due to the absence of the need to purchase expensive energy sources.

The proposed complex has advantages over the known technical solutions and over the traditional energy production systems in implementing the claim, however, its effectiveness increases with the simultaneous use of several more dependent claims.

Claims (1)

CLAIM The helio-wind power complex formed by separating a part of the earth's surface and air from the surrounding space with a translucent and heat insulating material and - 18 007635 comprising helio-absorbent elements, heat storage, heat generating and installing evaporator operated air inlet and the air guide system and exothermic greenhouse constructions and manufacture dual purpose - the energy and utility economic, thermodynamic and aerodynamic forming apparatus ehnergonasyshchennyh airflow in the wind and hot air ducts; air exhaust traction pipe and controlled superstructure to it; two wind turbines concentrically located relative to each other at the base of the said traction pipe, one of the channels of energy-rich air flow connected to the entrance cavity of the first wind turbine, and the second to the input cavity of the second wind turbine, each of which includes a first energy-differentiating sleeve, the internal cavity of which as its auxiliary working space, where periodically serviced fixed electric coils with their magnetic cores are placed and rotating permanent magnets mounted on the inner surface of the first energy-differentiating sleeve constituting an electric generator, rotating together between themselves on the outer surface of a high-strength retaining rope, and aerodynamic blades, which are fixed on less radius to the first energy-differentiating sleeve from its outer side, and along a larger radius to the second energy-differentiating sleeve from its internal side using process detachable joints, including ropes, rods, rods and bolted connections placed by means of blades, and the blades are made of components joined from each other, made of lightweight airtight material, pressed to each other with their horizontal end surfaces and hold driven by high-speed energy-saturated air through these ropes and / or rods, both wind turbines kinematically autonomous in such a way that the first is embedded in the second with an interval between them in the form of a second auxiliary workspace in which the second electric generator is placed with the second wind turbine, with both electric generators made in the form of unpackaged and tankless power generating sections, the electrical you odes are connected together and to an external electrical network via semiconductor transducers and a computer center, thereby transformed into an electrical form distributed in space torques technologically combined vetroturbogeneratora. Diagram of the formation of wind energy channels, which constitute the construction of a wind turbine, as well as an electricity generating device