DK148006B - MEASURING EQUIPMENT TO INSERT INTO A DRILL CORD FOR PERFORMING MEASURES AT THE TIME OF DRILLING - Google Patents
MEASURING EQUIPMENT TO INSERT INTO A DRILL CORD FOR PERFORMING MEASURES AT THE TIME OF DRILLING Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK148006B DK148006B DK361373AA DK361373A DK148006B DK 148006 B DK148006 B DK 148006B DK 361373A A DK361373A A DK 361373AA DK 361373 A DK361373 A DK 361373A DK 148006 B DK148006 B DK 148006B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- drilling
- drill
- torque
- mud
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004091 panning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
- E21B47/20—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry by modulation of mud waves, e.g. by continuous modulation
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- Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
Description
i 148006in 148006
Opfindelsen angår et måleudstyr af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a measuring device of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Behovet for et måleudstyr, som er i stand til at måle boreparametre nede i et hul og/eller geologiske formationsegenskaber og overføre dem til overfladen, mens boringen af et hul i jorden udføres, har længe været kendt. Mange sådanne systemer har været foreslået og bliver sædvanligvis angivet som systemer med kontinuerlig borehulskontrol. Ued systemer med kontinuerlig borehulskontrol er ét af de største problemer at finde et organ til at telemetrere informationen fra en lokalitet nede i et hul til overfladen og lade den tilflyde i en meningsfuld tilstand.The need for a measuring device capable of measuring downhole parameters in a hole and / or geological formation properties and transferring them to the surface while the drilling of a hole in the ground is carried out has long been known. Many such systems have been proposed and are usually referred to as continuous borehole control systems. With continuous borehole control systems, one of the major problems is finding a means to telemetry the information from a down-hole location to the surface and allowing it to flow into a meaningful state.
I denne henseende har det været foreslået at telemetrere den ønskede information ved hjælp af et trykbølgesignal, som bliver genereret i og overført gennem den cirkulerende borevæske, som normalt er knyttet til boreoperationen. Trykbølgesignalet, som er et udtryk for en bestemt oplysning^ bliver frembragt i borevæsken eller boremudderet i hullet nær ved borehovedet med en signal-frembringende ventil, og bølgen bevæger sig op af hullet gennem mudderet til et signalbehandlingsorgan ved overfladen. Et system med kontinuerlig borehulskontrol, som benytter denne telemetriteknik, er kendt fra beskrivelsen til U.S . A.-patent nr. 3 309 656.In this regard, it has been proposed to telemetry the desired information by means of a pressure wave signal which is generated in and transmitted through the circulating drilling fluid normally associated with the drilling operation. The pressure wave signal, which is an expression of a particular piece of information, is produced in the drilling fluid or drill mud in the hole near the drill head with a signal generating valve and the wave moves up the hole through the mud to a signal processing means at the surface. A system of continuous borehole control using this telemetry technique is known from the description to U.S. A. Patent No. 3,309,656.
I et apparat med kontinuerlig borehulskontrol og af den art, som er beskrevet i U.5. A.-patent nr. 3 309 656 er en signalfrembringende ventil anbragt i det cirkulerende boremudders bane nær borehovedet. Ventilen består af en stator og en rotor, gennem hvilke der er åbninger, som, når de er på linie, tillader, at en fuld strøm af boremudder passerer gennem ventilen. Når åbningerne ikke er på linie, bliver strømmen derigennem i det mindste 2 148006 delvis blokeret. En motor i apparatet bliver aktiveret som svar på en målt oplysning til åbning og lukning af ventilen med en hastighed, som frembringer en trykbølge i mudderet, som er et udtryk for den målte oplysning.In a device with continuous borehole control and of the kind described in U.5. A. Patent No. 3,309,656 is a signal generating valve located in the path of the circulating drill mud near the drill bit. The valve consists of a stator and a rotor through which there are openings which, when aligned, allow a full flow of drilling mud to pass through the valve. When the openings are not aligned, the flow therethrough is at least partially blocked. An engine in the apparatus is actuated in response to a measured information for opening and closing the valve at a speed which produces a pressure wave in the mud, which is an expression of the measured information.
Imidlertid udvikler den signalfrembringende ventil ved apparater med kontinuerlig borehulskontrol af denne type normalt visse hydrauliske momentkarakteristikker som funktion af strømningshastigheden gennem ventilen, hvilket søger at tvinge ventilen til dens lukkede stilling.However, the signal generating valve of devices with continuous borehole control of this type usually develops certain hydraulic torque characteristics as a function of the flow rate through the valve, which seeks to force the valve to its closed position.
Dette frembringer problemer, når boremudder bliver pumpet ned gennem borestrengen og gennem ventilen, før apparatet begynder boreoperationen, og motoren begynder at kraftforsyne ventilen. Som følge af sammensætningen af standardboremudder er der normalt fast materiale til stede, hvilket faste materiale har tilbøjelighed til at presses ud af mudderet, når dette tvinges gennem de indsnævrede ventilpassager, som er til stede, når ventilen er i sin lukkede stilling. Dette faste materiale kan fortsætte med at samles i ventilen og udgør et virkeligt problem ved, at det kan tilstoppe ventilen i en sådan udstrækning, at denne ikke kan åbnes af motoren, når apparatets operation påbegyndes.This causes problems when drilling mud is pumped down through the drill string and through the valve before the apparatus begins the drilling operation and the motor begins to power the valve. Due to the composition of standard drilling mud, solid material is usually present, which solid material tends to be squeezed out of the mud as it is forced through the narrowed valve passages present when the valve is in its closed position. This solid material can continue to accumulate in the valve and represents a real problem in that it can clog the valve to such an extent that it cannot be opened by the engine when the device is started.
Som følge af konstruktionen af denne type ventil kommer apparatets transmissionsforbindelse, som forbinder motoren med ventilen, desuden ud for væsentlige momentbelastninger, når apparatet er i funktion. Disse belastninger kan bevirke et væsentligt slid på transmissions-forbindelsen, hvilket med tiden fører til fejl på apparatet .In addition, as a result of the construction of this type of valve, the transmission connection of the device connecting the motor to the valve is subject to significant torque loads when the device is in operation. These loads can cause significant wear and tear on the transmission connection, leading to failure of the apparatus over time.
Opfindelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe et måleudstyr af den indledningsvis angivne art, som ikke er behæftet med de i det foranstående nævnte ulemper.The invention has for its object to provide a measuring device of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which does not suffer from the disadvantages mentioned above.
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Dette formål opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at måleud-styret er ejendommeligt ved det i krav l's kendetegnende del angivne.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the measuring equipment is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1.
Ventilens hydrauliske moment, der som nævnt før søger at tvinge ventilen til dens lukkede stilling, er en voksende funktion af strømningshastigheden gennem ventilen. Eftersom maksimal strømningshastighed normalt fremkommer under måleudstyret drift, er den magnetiske enheds moment, som søger at tvinge ventilen til dens åbne stilling, dimensioneret således, at det i grove træk er lig med det hydrauliske moment ved denne maksimale strømningshastighed. Herved vil det resulterende moment, som bliver tilført til drivforbindelsen, på et vilkårligt tidspunkt under driften være ubetydeligt.The hydraulic torque of the valve, which, as mentioned before, seeks to force the valve to its closed position, is a growing function of the flow rate through the valve. Since maximum flow velocity normally occurs during measuring equipment operation, the torque of the magnetic unit, which seeks to force the valve to its open position, is dimensioned so that it is roughly equal to the hydraulic torque at this maximum flow rate. Hereby, the resulting torque applied to the drive connection at any point during operation will be negligible.
Når måleudstyret ikke er i drift, er den magnetiske enheds moment større end det modsat rettede hydrauliske moment, hvorved ventilen holdes i sin åbne stilling, så ventilen ikke tilstoppes af fast materiale i boremudderet.When the measuring equipment is not in operation, the torque of the magnetic unit is greater than the opposite hydraulic torque, whereby the valve is held in its open position so that the valve is not clogged by solid material in the drilling mud.
Opfindelsen skal i det følgende nærmere beskrives med henvisning til tegningen, hvorpå fig. 1 er et skematisk billede af et boreapparat inklusive et lodret snit gennem et hul, som indeholder en borestamme, hvori måleudstyret ifølge opfindelsen benyttes.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a schematic view of a drilling apparatus including a vertical section through a hole containing a drill stem using the measuring equipment according to the invention.
fig. 2 er et skematisk billede, delvis i snit, af en del af borestammen i fig. 1 med et måleudstyr til kontinuerlig borehulskontrol, som er monteret deri i overensstemmelse med opfindelsen, fig. 3 er et detaljeret snitbillede af en ændret udførelsesform for den øverste del i fig. 2, 4 148006 fig. 4 er et snit langs linien 4-4 i fig. 3, og fig. 5 er et snit langs linien 5-5 i fig. 3.FIG. 2 is a schematic view, partly in section, of a portion of the drill stem of FIG. 1 with a continuous borehole control measuring device mounted therein in accordance with the invention; FIG. 3 is a detailed sectional view of a modified embodiment of the upper portion of FIG. 2, 4 148006 FIG. 4 is a section along line 4-4 of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a section along line 5-5 of FIG. Third
Fig. 1 viser måleudstyret ifølge opfindelsen i brug ved et system med kontinuerlig borehulskontrol, som er indbygget i et boreapparat. Et boretårn 21 er anbragt over et borehul 22, som bliver dannet i jorden 23 med et roterende bor. En borestamme 24 er ophængt inden i borehullet og har et borehoved 27 forneden og en medbringerstang 28 foroven. Et roterende bord 29 samvirker med medbringerstan-gen 28 til at dreje stammen 24 og hovedet 27. Et drejeled 33 er fastgjort til den øverste ende af medbringerstangen 28, som på sin side er båret af en krog 32 fra kranblokken (ikke vist). Dette arrangement bærer ikke alene bore-stammen 24 i funktionsstilling inden i borehullet 22, men danner også en roterende forbindelse mellem kilden for det cirkulerende borefluidum, såsom mudder, og borestammen 24.FIG. 1 shows the measuring equipment according to the invention in use with a system of continuous borehole control which is built into a drilling apparatus. A drill tower 21 is placed over a borehole 22 which is formed in the ground 23 with a rotary drill. A drill stem 24 is suspended within the borehole and has a drill head 27 at the bottom and a carrier rod 28 at the top. A rotary table 29 cooperates with the carrier rod 28 to rotate the stem 24 and head 27. A swivel 33 is attached to the upper end of the carrier rod 28, which in turn is supported by a hook 32 from the crane block (not shown). This arrangement not only carries the drill stem 24 in operating position within the borehole 22, but also forms a rotating connection between the source of the circulating drilling fluid, such as mud, and the drill stem 24.
Pumpen 36 overfører boremudder fra en kilde, såsom en grav 34, gennem en dæmper 37 ind i mudderrøret 38.The pump 36 transmits drilling mud from a source, such as a tomb 34, through a damper 37 into the dredge 38.
Dæmperen 37 er indrettet til at nedsætte den pulserende virkning fra pumpen 36, hvilket er velkendt. Mudderet strømmer gennem mudderrøret 38, en fleksibel slange 39, drejeleddet 33 og borestammen 24 og strømmer ud gennem åbninger (ikke vist) i borehovedet 27 og dernæst i borehullet 22. Mudderet cirkulerer så op og medfører boremateriale gennem det ringformede rum mellem borehullet og borestammen 24 til jordoverfladen 23. Ved overfladen er et hoved 41 fastgjort til et foringsrør 40, som er fastgjort i borehullet 22. Et rør 42 er forbundet til foringsrøret 40 til tilbageføring af mudderet til graven 34.The damper 37 is adapted to decrease the pulsating effect of the pump 36, as is well known. The mud flows through the mud tube 38, a flexible hose 39, the swivel joint 33 and the drill stem 24 and flows out through openings (not shown) in the drill bit 27 and then into the borehole 22. The mud then circulates and enters drilling material through the annular space between the borehole and the drill bit 24. to the ground surface 23. At the surface, a head 41 is attached to a casing 40 which is secured to the borehole 22. A pipe 42 is connected to the casing 40 for returning the mud to the tomb 34.
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Som det skematisk er vist i fig. 1 og 2, er et måleudstyr i form af et redskab 46 til kontinuerlig borehulskontrol anbragt i vægtrøret 26, som udgør en del af den nederste ende af borestammen 24 nær hovedet 27. Redskabet 46 har en motordrevet signalgenererende, roterende ventil, som periodisk afbryder i det mindste en del af borefluidet, som strømmer gennem ventilen for derved i fluidet af frembringe en trykbølge, som er udtryk for en målt tilstand nede i hullet. Dette redskab til kontinuerlig borehuls-kontrol er af den art, som er beskrevet i U.S.A.-patent nr. 3 306 656. Opfindelsen er rettet på et organ til at holde ventilen i en åben stilling, når redskabet ikke er i funktion, og til at nedsætte momentbelastningen på redskabets transmissionsforbindelse, når redskabet er i funktion. Til fuld forståelse af opfindelsen skal der herefter angives en kort beskrivelse af hele redskabet 46.As schematically shown in FIG. 1 and 2, a measuring device in the form of a continuous borehole control tool 46 is disposed in the weight pipe 26 which forms part of the lower end of the drill stem 24 near the head 27. The tool 46 has a motor-driven signal-generating rotary valve which periodically switches off at least a portion of the drilling fluid flowing through the valve to thereby produce in the fluid a pressure wave which represents a measured downhole state. This tool for continuous borehole control is of the kind described in U.S. Patent No. 3,306,656. The invention is directed to a means for holding the valve in an open position when the implement is not in operation and to reduce the torque load on the gear transmission connection when the implement is in operation. For a full understanding of the invention, a brief description of the entire tool 46 must then be provided.
En transducer 54, som er i stand til at måle en ønsket tilstand nede i hullet og omdanne målingen til et elektrisk signal, er anbragt nede i hullet på eller nær ved redskabet 46. Som vist er transduceren 54 for eksempel en "strain gauge" anbragt på vægtrøret 26 til at måle vægten på hovedet 27. Signalet fra transduceren 54 tilføres til en elektronisk enhed 53, som er lukket inde i et rum 48 i redskabets 46 hus 46a. Et eksempel på en sådan elektronisk enhed er kendt fra U.S.A.-patent nr.A transducer 54, capable of measuring a desired downhole state and converting the measurement into an electrical signal, is located downhole on or near the implement 46. As shown, transducer 54, for example, is provided with a "strain gauge" on the weight tube 26 to measure the weight of the head 27. The signal from transducer 54 is applied to an electronic unit 53 which is enclosed within a space 48 in the housing 46a of the tool 46. An example of such an electronic device is known from U.S. Pat.
3 309 656. Kredsløbet i enheden 53 tillader som svar på signalet fra transduceren 54, at en bestemt mængde effekt fra en elektrisk generator 50 i et rum 49 i huseta strømmer til en med variabel hastighed drevet elektromotor 55 i et rum 47 i huset 46a. En turbine 52, som drives af mudderstrømmen, driver generatoren 50 til frembringelse af elektrisk kraft. Motoren 55 vil som svar på elektricitetsmængden, som passerer gennem enhe- 6 148006 den 53, drive en rotor 61 for en signalfrembringende ventil 60 gennem en transmissionsforbindelse 56 med den rotationshastighed, som er nødvendig for at frembringe et trykbølgesignal i mudderet, hvilket signal er udtryk for den målte tilstand.3 309 656. In response to the signal from transducer 54, the circuit in unit 53 permits a certain amount of power from an electric generator 50 in a space 49 of the housing to flow to a variable speed electric motor 55 in a space 47 of the housing 46a. A turbine 52, driven by the dredging current, drives the generator 50 to generate electrical power. The motor 55 will, in response to the amount of electricity passing through unit 53, drive a rotor 61 for a signal generating valve 60 through a transmission connection 56 at the rotational speed required to produce a pressure wave signal in the mud, which signal is expressed. for the measured condition.
I fig. 3 består den signalfrembringende ventil 60 af en rotor 61 og en stator 62. Rotoren 61 er fastgjort på en aksel 63 fra transmissionsforbindelsen 56 ved hjælp af en konisk bøsning 64 og en møtrik 65. Akselen 63 er lejret i huset 46a ved hjælp af lejer 66. En panning 67 omkring akselen 63 tætner det indre af huset 46a mod indtrængning af boremudder. Fortrinsvis indeholder både rotoren 61 og statoren 62 det samme antal af med identisk afstand anbragte noter h.h.v. 61a, 62a resp.In FIG. 3, the signal generating valve 60 consists of a rotor 61 and a stator 62. The rotor 61 is secured to a shaft 63 of the transmission connection 56 by means of a conical sleeve 64 and a nut 65. The shaft 63 is housed in the housing 46a by means of bearings 66 Panning 67 around shaft 63 seals the interior of housing 46a against penetration of drilling mud. Preferably, both the rotor 61 and the stator 62 contain the same number of equally spaced notes, respectively. 61a, 62a, resp.
(fig. 4), idet hver af noterne har ens areal. Ventilen 60 er i sin "åbne stilling", når noterne er på linie, og er i sin "lukkede stilling", når noterne slet ikke er på linie. Når ventilen 60 er i sin lukkede stilling, er den eneste strøm gennem ventilen den, som passerer gennem et mellemrum 70 og en shunt 71. Mellemrummet 70, som bedst ses i fig. 3. er afstanden mellem rotorens 61 ne-derste overflade og statorens 62 øverste overflade. Shunten 71 (fig. 3 og 5) er afstanden, der findes mellem den ydre periferi af rotoren 61 og væggen af røret, som er tilstødende til rotoren. Den ydre diameter af statoren 62 er den samme som rørets indvendige diameter.(Fig. 4), each of the notes having the same area. The valve 60 is in its "open position" when the notes are aligned and is in its "closed position" when the notes are not aligned at all. When the valve 60 is in its closed position, the only flow through the valve is that which passes through a gap 70 and a shunt 71. The gap 70, which is best seen in FIG. 3. is the distance between the lower surface of the rotor 61 and the upper surface of the stator 62. The shunt 71 (Figs. 3 and 5) is the distance found between the outer periphery of the rotor 61 and the wall of the tube adjacent to the rotor. The outer diameter of the stator 62 is the same as the inner diameter of the tube.
Når der er strømning gennem ventilen 60, men før generatoren 50 udvikler tilstrækkelig kraft til at betjene redskabet 46, søger momentkarakteristikkerne for ventilen 60 at tvinge den til den lukkede stilling. Når derfor borestammen 24 er samlet ned i hullet, og mudder strømmer gennem redskabet 46 for at dreje turbinen 52 med en tilstrækkelig hastighed til at frembringe den nødvendige kraftforsyning for redskabet, skal mudderet 7 148006 strømme gennem de begrænsede passager i ventilen 60, som dannes af shunten 71 og mellemrummet 70. Eftersom boremudder normalt indeholder faste materialer, som har til bøjelighed til at blive presset ud i de begrænsede passager af den lukkede ventil, findes en række problemer med tilstopning. Hvis ventilen 60 bliver tilstoppet i en sådan udstrækning, at den ikke kan åbnes, når motoren 55 begynder sin operation, må hele borestammen 24 fjernes for at rense ventilen 60, før redskabet 46 kan fungere.When there is flow through the valve 60, but before the generator 50 develops sufficient force to operate the implement 46, the torque characteristics of the valve 60 seek to force it into the closed position. Therefore, when the drill stem 24 is collected into the hole and mud flows through the implement 46 to rotate the turbine 52 at a sufficient speed to produce the necessary power supply for the implement, the mud must flow through the limited passages in the valve 60 formed by the shunt 71 and gap 70. Since drilling muds usually contain solid materials which tend to be extruded into the restricted passages of the closed valve, a number of clogging problems exist. If valve 60 is clogged to such an extent that it cannot be opened when engine 55 begins its operation, the entire drill stem 24 must be removed to clean valve 60 before implement 46 can operate.
Som følge af konstruktionen af ventilen 60 bliver hydrauliske momentbelastninger desuden tilført til transmissionsforbindelsen 56, når motoren 55 drejer ventilen 60 imellem dens åbne og lukkede stillinger under redskabets 46 operation. Disse konstant reverserende momentbelastninger kan bevirke et væsentligt slid på transmissions-forbindelsen, og kan tillige føre til tidlige fejl ved redskabet 46.Further, due to the construction of valve 60, hydraulic torque loads are applied to transmission connection 56 as motor 55 rotates valve 60 between its open and closed positions during operation of implement 46. These constant reversing torque loads can cause significant wear on the transmission connection, and can also lead to premature failure of the implement 46.
Opfindelsen tilvejebringer et organ til redskabet 46, hvilket organ både presser ventilen 60 mod dens åbne stilling og holder den der, mens redskabet 46 ikke er i funktion, og samtidig udelukker eller væsentligt reducerer de momentbelastninger i som normalt tilføres til transmissionsforbindelsen 56 under redskabets 46 operation. Organet ifølge opfindelsen er fortrinsvis en magnetisk enhed 75, som består af en magnet 76 og et magnetisk element 77. Det magnetiske element 77 har som vist cylindrisk form med en udsparet midterdel og tykkere ender 77a og 77b og er fastgjort til akselen 63 til rotation dermed ved hjælp af en kile og en indstillingsskrue 81. Magneten 76 har en udformning, som ligner de magnetiske elementers 77 udformning. Magneten 76 kan fremstilles i et stykke, selv om den er vist bestående af tre dele 76a, 76b, 76c. Delen 76a og enden 77a er profile U8Q06 8 ret i aksial retning som vist i fig. 5 for at tilvejebringe respektive tiltrækningspoler 78, 79 mellem magneten 76 og det magnetiske element 77. Som vist har både 76a og 77a ti poler, som svarer til antallet af spalter i både rotoren 61 og statoren 62 (fig. 4) og tilvejebringer derved ti stabile stillinger for ventilen 60, i hvilke den vil være i en åben stilling. Magnetenheden 75 består af et materiale, f. eks. Alnico, som bibeholder magnetisme i lang tid, mens huset 46a består af et relativt umagnetisk materiale, f. eks. Monel.The invention provides a means for the tool 46, which both presses the valve 60 to its open position and holds it there while the tool 46 is not in operation, and at the same time excludes or substantially reduces the torque loads normally applied to the transmission connection 56 during the operation of the tool 46 . The means according to the invention is preferably a magnetic unit 75 consisting of a magnet 76 and a magnetic element 77. The magnetic element 77 has a cylindrical shape as shown with a cut-out middle part and thicker ends 77a and 77b and is attached to the shaft 63 for rotation therewith. by means of a wedge and an adjusting screw 81. Magnet 76 has a configuration similar to that of magnetic elements 77. The magnet 76 can be manufactured in one piece, although shown consisting of three parts 76a, 76b, 76c. The portion 76a and the end 77a are profile U8Q06 8 in the axial direction as shown in FIG. 5 to provide respective attraction coils 78, 79 between magnet 76 and magnetic element 77. As shown, both 76a and 77a have ten poles corresponding to the number of slots in both the rotor 61 and the stator 62 (FIG. 4), thereby providing stable positions of the valve 60 in which it will be in an open position. The magnetic unit 75 consists of a material, for example, Alnico, which retains magnetism for a long time, while the housing 46a consists of a relatively non-magnetic material, for example Monel.
For at samle den øverste del af redskabet 46, bliver enheden 75, som fortrinsvis har en "holdeaksel" (ikke vist), gennem det magnetiske elements 77 midterpassage anbragt i en elektrisk spole og magnetiseret. Enheden 75, som nu holdes sammen af magnetiske kræfter, føres så nedover akselen 63, som på sin side forskyder holdeakselen fra elementet 77, når enheden 75 føres på plads over kilen 80. En holdeskrue 81 bliver spændt gennem et hul 85 i en del 76a for yderligere at fastgøre det magnetiske element 77 til akselen 63. Dernæst bliver akselen 63, enheden 75 og det øverste element 46b anbragt inden i huset 46a, og 46b bliver fastgjort dertil. Akselen 63, som bærer hele enheden 75, bliver drejet, så magneten 75 kommer på linie med åbninger i huset 46a, således at skruer 86 (hvoraf kun én er vist) kan indføres for at fastgøre magneten 76 til huset 46a. Statoren 62 bliver skruet på gevind på det øverste element 46b, således at spalterne i statoren 62 er på linie med spalterne i rotoren 61, hvorved ventilen 60 er stillet i en åben stilling. Holdeskruen 87 bliver spændt til sikring af statoren 62 mod rotation under betjeningen af redskabet 46. Det fremgår nu, at når polerne for 76a og 77a er på linie i en vilkårlig af ti mulige stillinger, vil ventilen 60 være i sin åbne stilling.In order to assemble the upper portion of the implement 46, the unit 75, which preferably has a "holding shaft" (not shown), through the center passage of the magnetic element 77 is placed in an electric coil and magnetized. The unit 75, which is now held together by magnetic forces, is then passed down the shaft 63, which in turn displaces the holding shaft from the element 77 as the unit 75 is inserted in place over the key 80. A holding screw 81 is tightened through a hole 85 in a part 76a. to further attach the magnetic element 77 to the shaft 63. Next, the shaft 63, the unit 75 and the upper element 46b are disposed within the housing 46a and 46b is secured thereto. The shaft 63 carrying the entire unit 75 is rotated so that the magnet 75 aligns with openings in the housing 46a, so that screws 86 (only one of which are shown) can be inserted to attach the magnet 76 to the housing 46a. The stator 62 is screwed onto the upper member 46b so that the slots in the stator 62 are aligned with the slots in the rotor 61, leaving the valve 60 in an open position. The holding screw 87 is tightened to secure the stator 62 against rotation during operation of the implement 46. It will now be seen that when the poles of 76a and 77a are aligned in any of ten possible positions, the valve 60 will be in its open position.
9 1480069 148006
For at sikre at ventilen 60 holdes i sin åbne stilling, når redskabet 46 ikke betjenes, er det kun nødvendigt at udforme enheden 75 således, at dens magnetiske drejningsmoment er større end ventilens 60 hydrauliske drejningsmoment i redskabets ikke fungerende tilstand. Imidlertid er redskabet ifølge opfindelsen desuden udformet til at eliminere eller væsentligt nedsætte det hydrauliske drejningsmoment, som normalt tilføres til transmissions-forbindelsen 56, når redskabet 46 er i funktion.To ensure that the valve 60 is held in its open position when the implement 46 is not operated, it is only necessary to design the unit 75 so that its magnetic torque is greater than the hydraulic torque of the valve 60 in the non-operating state of the implement. However, the implement of the invention is further designed to eliminate or substantially reduce the hydraulic torque normally applied to the transmission connection 56 when the implement 46 is in operation.
Det hydrauliske drejningsmoment for ventilen 60 vokser som funktion af strømningshastigheden gennem ventilen, således at maksimal strømningshastighed gennem ventilen 60 i redskabet 46 normalt vil fremkomme under aktuelle boreoperationer, til hvilket tidspunkt redskabet 46 vil være i funktion. Derfor vil der ved udformningen af enheden 75 for denne strømningshastighed altid være tilstrækkeligt magnetisk drejningsmoment til at holde ventilen åben, indtil redskabet 46 starter operation.The hydraulic torque of valve 60 increases as a function of flow rate through valve, so that maximum flow rate through valve 60 in implement 46 will normally appear during current drilling operations, at which time implement 46 will be operative. Therefore, in designing the unit 75 for this flow rate, there will always be sufficient magnetic torque to keep the valve open until the tool 46 starts operation.
Den nominelle strømningshastighed af mudder, som benyttes under en bestemt boreoperation, er i almindelighed kendt og varierer meget lidt, medmindre nødsituationer opstår under boringen. Det hydrauliske drejningsmoment for ventilen 60, som opstår ved denne nominelle strømningshastighed, kan bestemmes ved opspænding i en. prøvebænk, og den magnetiske drejningsmoment karakteristik for enheden 75 udformes, så den omtrent er lig med drejningsmomentet for ventilen 60 under disse arbejdstilstande. Ved at anbringe enheden 75 som beskrevet ovenover vil det magnetiske drejningsmoment, som tilføres til transmissions-forbindelsen 56, være 180° ude af fase med det hydrauliske drejningsmoment, som tilføres til transmissions-forbindelsen 56 ved betjeningen af ventilen 60. Hvis de to drejningsmomenter er i det væsentlige ens, vil det resulterende drejningsmoment, som påføres transmissions-forbindelsen 56, på et vilkårligt tidspunkt under ope- 148006 ίο rationen være ubetydeligt. Desuden vil motoren 55 ved effektiv udelukkelse af drejningsmomenterne på transmissionsforbindelsen 56 fungere i det væsentlige ubelastet, og derved kan motorer med mindre effekt benyttes • i redskabet 46.The nominal flow rate of mud used during a particular drilling operation is generally known and varies very little unless emergencies occur during drilling. The hydraulic torque of the valve 60 generated at this nominal flow rate can be determined by clamping in one. test bench, and the magnetic torque characteristic of the unit 75 is designed to be approximately equal to the torque of valve 60 during these operating conditions. By applying the unit 75 as described above, the magnetic torque applied to the transmission connection 56 will be 180 ° out of phase with the hydraulic torque applied to the transmission connection 56 during operation of the valve 60. If the two torques are substantially the same, the resulting torque applied to the transmission connection 56 will be negligible at any time during the operation. In addition, by effectively eliminating the torques on the transmission connection 56, the motor 55 will operate substantially unloaded, thereby allowing motors with less power to be used in the tool 46.
Eftersom det ikke er kritisk, at hele drejningsmomentet på transmissionsforbindelsen 56 nøjagtigt fjernes, kan ændringer i den nominelle strømningshastighed to-leres. Motoren 55 er udformet, så den har tilstrækkelig effekt til at overvinde ethvert positivt hydraulisk eller magnetisk drejningsmoment, som normalt kunne opstå under boringen på grund af ændringer i strømningshastighed i mudderet. Imidlertid er nedsættelsen i tilført drejningsmoment på transmissionsforbindelsen, selv under meget varierende strømningshastigheder, i høj grad fordelagtig på grund af de modsat rettede virkninger af det hydrauliske og det magnetiske drejnings-moment .Since it is not critical that the entire torque of transmission connection 56 is accurately removed, changes in the nominal flow rate can be tolerated. The motor 55 is designed to have sufficient power to overcome any positive hydraulic or magnetic torque that could normally occur during drilling due to changes in flow rate in the mud. However, the reduction in torque applied to the transmission connection, even at very varying flow rates, is highly advantageous due to the opposite effects of the hydraulic and magnetic torque.
I enheden 75 er det magnetiske drejningsmoment en funktion af de modstående overfladearealer af polerne 78 og 79. Ved at variere diameteren af åbningerne 90 og 91 i delen 76a og 77a resp., kan overfladearealet af nævnte poler ændres, og det ønskede magnetiske drejningsmoment for enheden 75 etableres. Desuden kan mere end én enhed 75, 75a (fig.2) med samme eller forskellig drejnings-moment "stables" på akselen 63, hvorved de individuelle drejningskarakteristikker for hver enhed kombineres til den særlige karakteristik, som ønskes for et bestemt redskab 46.In the unit 75, the magnetic torque is a function of the opposite surface areas of the poles 78 and 79. By varying the diameter of the openings 90 and 91 in the parts 76a and 77a, respectively, the surface area of said poles can be changed and the desired magnetic torque of the unit 75 is established. Furthermore, more than one unit 75, 75a (Fig. 2) with the same or different torque can be "stacked" on the shaft 63, combining the individual rotation characteristics of each unit with the particular characteristic desired for a particular implement 46.
Som et eksempel på andre udførelsesformer kan mindre end én magnetisk pol for hver not i ventilen benyttes, hvilket stadig vil holde ventilen åben, men nedsætte antallet af tilgængelige stabile åbne stillinger.As an example of other embodiments, less than one magnetic pole can be used for each groove in the valve, which will still keep the valve open but reduce the number of available stable open positions.
11 14800611 148006
Ligeledes kan den magnetiske enhed være anbragt andre steder i transmissionsforbindelsen 56, dvs. før en nedgearing, hvilket ville ændre antallet af nødvendige poler til at sikre et antal åbne stillinger for ventilen 60, når redskabet 46 ikke er i funktion.Likewise, the magnetic unit may be located elsewhere in the transmission connection 56, i. prior to a downward shift, which would change the number of poles needed to secure a number of open positions for valve 60 when tool 46 is inoperative.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US26785172A | 1972-06-30 | 1972-06-30 | |
US26785172 | 1972-06-30 |
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DK148006B true DK148006B (en) | 1985-01-28 |
DK148006C DK148006C (en) | 1985-09-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
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DK361373A DK148006C (en) | 1972-06-30 | 1973-06-29 | MEASURING EQUIPMENT TO INSERT INTO A DRILL CORD FOR PERFORMING MEASURES AT THE TIME OF DRILLING |
Country Status (10)
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US (1) | US3792429A (en) |
AU (1) | AU462604B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA978175A (en) |
DK (1) | DK148006C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1378871A (en) |
IE (1) | IE37486B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY7500158A (en) |
NL (1) | NL170449C (en) |
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US3997867A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-12-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Well bore data-transmission apparatus |
US3909776A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1975-09-30 | Amoco Prod Co | Fluidic oscillator seismic source |
US3949354A (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1976-04-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus for transmitting well bore data |
USRE30055E (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1979-07-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus for transmitting well bore data |
US4785300A (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1988-11-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Pressure pulse generator |
GB8331111D0 (en) * | 1983-11-22 | 1983-12-29 | Sperry Sun Inc | Signalling within borehole whilst drilling |
CA1268052A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1990-04-24 | William Gordon Goodsman | Measure while drilling systems |
US5073877A (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1991-12-17 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Signal pressure pulse generator |
US5237540A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Logging while drilling tools utilizing magnetic positioner assisted phase shifts |
US5375098A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1994-12-20 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Logging while drilling tools, systems, and methods capable of transmitting data at a plurality of different frequencies |
US5586083A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-12-17 | Harriburton Company | Turbo siren signal generator for measurement while drilling systems |
AU2003201560B2 (en) | 2002-01-17 | 2008-09-04 | Presssol Ltd. | Two string drilling system |
CA2473372C (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2012-11-20 | Presssol Ltd. | Two string drilling system using coil tubing |
US6909667B2 (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2005-06-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dual channel downhole telemetry |
WO2004009952A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-29 | Presssol Ltd. | Reverse circulation clean out system for low pressure gas wells |
CA2499760C (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2010-02-02 | Presssol Ltd. | Reverse circulation directional and horizontal drilling using concentric coil tubing |
US7075215B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-07-11 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Matching layer assembly for a downhole acoustic sensor |
US7513147B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2009-04-07 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Piezocomposite transducer for a downhole measurement tool |
US6995500B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-02-07 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Composite backing layer for a downhole acoustic sensor |
US7036363B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-05-02 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic sensor for downhole measurement tool |
US7343983B2 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2008-03-18 | Presssol Ltd. | Method and apparatus for isolating and testing zones during reverse circulation drilling |
CA2496956C (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2009-03-10 | Presssol Ltd. | Reverse circulation drilling blowout preventor |
US20050252661A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-17 | Presssol Ltd. | Casing degasser tool |
GB2443415A (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-07 | Sondex Plc | A device for creating pressure pulses in the fluid of a borehole |
US7587936B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2009-09-15 | Smith International Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining drilling fluid acoustic properties |
US8174929B2 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2012-05-08 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Spindle for mud pulse telemetry applications |
US8151905B2 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2012-04-10 | Hs International, L.L.C. | Downhole telemetry system and method |
US8117907B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-02-21 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Caliper logging using circumferentially spaced and/or angled transducer elements |
EP3045654A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2016-07-20 | Evolution Engineering Inc. | Measurement while drilling fluid pressure pulse generator |
CA2900592C (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2016-05-17 | Evolution Engineering Inc. | Fluid pressure pulse generating apparatus and method of using same |
Family Cites Families (3)
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US2700131A (en) * | 1951-07-20 | 1955-01-18 | Lane Wells Co | Measurement system |
US2940039A (en) * | 1957-06-10 | 1960-06-07 | Smith Corp A O | Well bore electrical generator |
US3309656A (en) * | 1964-06-10 | 1967-03-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Logging-while-drilling system |
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1972
- 1972-06-30 US US00267851A patent/US3792429A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1973
- 1973-03-21 NL NLAANVRAGE7303988,A patent/NL170449C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1973-03-29 CA CA167,468A patent/CA978175A/en not_active Expired
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- 1973-06-25 OA OA54949A patent/OA04435A/en unknown
- 1973-06-29 DK DK361373A patent/DK148006C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1975
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GB1378871A (en) | 1974-12-27 |
NO133914C (en) | 1976-07-14 |
NL170449C (en) | 1982-11-01 |
AU462604B2 (en) | 1975-06-26 |
CA978175A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
AU5657473A (en) | 1974-12-12 |
NL7303988A (en) | 1974-01-02 |
MY7500158A (en) | 1975-12-31 |
US3792429A (en) | 1974-02-12 |
NL170449B (en) | 1982-06-01 |
OA04435A (en) | 1980-03-15 |
IE37486L (en) | 1973-12-30 |
DK148006C (en) | 1985-09-02 |
NO133914B (en) | 1976-04-05 |
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