DE8712123U1 - Pile driver - Google Patents

Description

2242.4 {'&ngr;::· rift ·*::···" 25.00.

if * &iacgr;&iacgr;» is ii i

Description

The invention relates to a pile driver according to the preamble of claim 1.

In such piling devices, an impact weight is driven by a hydraulic working cylinder or by explosion-proof

1Ö-like combustion of fuel in a guide cylinder and falls back onto a ram. The latter transfers the impact energy to an impact part, which works on a pile or other material to be driven into the frame. The contact of the various front surfaces of the aforementioned impact elements leads to considerable noise pollution, which is why ramming devices are rarely used in densely populated areas. Preference is given there to drilling devices that drill a hole in the ground into which a pile or similar is then inserted. The latter method is expensive, however, and uneconomical for some jobs such as driving in sheet pile walls.

It has already been suggested that pile drivers should be completely covered with sound-absorbing outer casing. However, such outer casings are very bulky and make handling the pile driver more difficult.

The present invention therefore aims to further develop a pile driver according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the noise generated during operation is prevented without increasing its clear external dimensions and without making it more difficult to handle.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a piling device according to claim 1»

2242.4 . *'. . * *. ;";|-'j2 *|). "Ji 25.08.1987

t Il > · I II···« · >

IIII Il · · * . II Il Il · · · · ·

In the piling device according to the invention, one or more of the impact elements contain sound barriers in the form of free spaces not filled with metal, and these sound barriers prevent the sound waves caused by impact loads on the contact surfaces from traveling to the peripheral surface of the impact elements. On these peripheral surfaces, on which the impact elements must be guided, the sound is transmitted to the guide cylinder in known piling devices, which then radiates the sound into the environment, for

For practical use, it is often sufficient if the sound barriers formed by the free spaces extend far enough into the interior of the impact elements that those sound waves that would hit the peripheral wall located radially outside the sound barrier in question at a small angle of incidence are reflected or absorbed by them. For those sound waves that hit the peripheral wall of an impact element at a large angle of incidence, the transmission to the associated guide surface is lower anyway (partial or total reflection).

The sound barriers provided for the impact elements according to the invention can be produced with relatively little effort by cutting grooves or turning shoulders. In the case of cut grooves, a section of material remaining outside the groove takes on the guiding function. Since the radial loads to be absorbed are small compared to the impact loads to be transmitted in the direction of the axis of the piling device, the corresponding material cross-sections do not need to be very large. If the free spaces are formed in the form of shoulders, radially outer material sections of the impact element arranged axially offset from the latter can take on the guiding function. In both cases, there is a central section of the impact element which fulfills the function of transmitting the impact, while a radially outer, sound-decoupled section of the impact element fulfills the guiding tasks.

2242.4 ',"','"* &iacgr;'\·&iacgr;-"$ -\&KHgr;\" 25.08,1987

I If ·*« t 4 H tt ■ <

■ II· · · · ftf

Il M »4 f it «

übiiz ..Elaborations of the invention are specified in subclaims.

With the further development of the invention according to claim 2, the geometry of the impact element ensures that the section of an impact element that takes on the guiding tasks and is located radially outside the free space is kept free from impact loads. This means that

&idiagr;&udiagr; this section of the scaffolding must be carefully dimensioned so that it only needs to be light in weight.

With the development of the invention according to claim 3 it is achieved that sound energy is destroyed at the sound barrier.

With the development of the invention according to claim 4 it is achieved that the entire circumferential surface of a striking element lies behind a sound barrier, but nevertheless a guide of the striking element with low friction and high stroke is obtained, which - if desired - can extend over a large part of the axial length of this striking element.

According to claim 5, it is achieved that a guide surface can also be arranged at a greater distance from the axis of the impact element or the sound barrier, but the guide part still has only a small height.

With the development of the invention according to claim 6, it is achieved that a sound barrier arrangement is obtained on an impact element which extends over the entire axial length, whereby the impact element can nevertheless be made in one piece so that it can withstand high mechanical loads.

Part of the sound waves generated by hitting are

2242.4 &iacgr;&iacgr;!"!.&idigr; i^,r.V\ .·' 25,08.1987

also radiated through the pile material. With the development of the invention according to claim 7, it is achieved that the sound radiation through the pile material is also largely prevented.

In a room device according to claim 8, sound insulation of the impact hood is also obtained in the axial region in which the inner surface of the impact hood serves to guide the impact part.

In a pile driver according to claim 9, sound radiation is also reduced through the lower open end of the impact hood.

The measures specified in claims 10-12 ensure that noise pollution is kept to a minimum, particularly in the case of diesel piling equipment.

especially in diesel piling machines a further reduction i

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary ^embodiments with reference to the drawing:

In this show:

Figure 1; an axial section through the lower end of a

hydraulically driven piling device; and \

I

Figure 2: an axial section through a modified impact piece for the piling device according to Figure 1.

In Figure 1, 10 designates a guide cylinder in which a striking weight 12 runs.

A beating rod 16 is guided through a bottom wall 14 of the guide cylinder 10 and works on a striking plate 18. The latter grips the upper end of a post 20 made of concrete, for example, which is to be driven into the ground.

&bull; * it aa »its

2242.4 i «"·.' '.!Lk J..' .' 25.08.1987

&bull;&bgr;&bgr; t · 9 t »suffered ■ ·

t ■

The upper end of the pile 20 is guided in a driving hood 22, which is fastened to the lower end of the guide cylinder 10 via threaded bolts 24.

The guide cylinder 10 has on its outer surface at the lower end of the cylinder a tab 26 to which a lower running shoe 28, indicated only by dashed lines in Figure 1, is attached. The latter runs on a vertical guide support 30, which in turn is attached to a vehicle (not shown on the right). At the upper end of the guide cylinder 10, another running shoe, which also runs on the guide support 30, is attached in a similar way to that just described for the lower end of the cylinder.

To drive in the pile 20, the impact weight 12 is raised a few meters by a long hydraulic working cylinder and then released so that it falls freely downwards. At the lower end of the guide cylinder 10, the lower face 32 of the impact weight 12 then comes into contact with the convexly curved upper face 34 of the impact piece 16, whereby the latter is immediately set in motion downwards, and the impact plate 18, which has plane-parallel faces 38, 40, is then carried along by the convexly curved lower face 36 of the impact piece, which in turn engages the flat upper face 42 of the pile 20.

The impact is thus transmitted via three pairs of cooperating front surfaces (J2/34; 36/38; 40/42). The corresponding impact loads lead to sound waves in the material of the impact weight 12, impact piece 16, impact plate 18 and pile 20, the fronts of which can be regarded as spherical waves immediately after the first contact between the cooperating surfaces is made. The wave fronts would normally reach the peripheral surfaces of the impact elements (impact weight, impact piece, impact plate) directly, and after these surfaces have been moved by the guide cylinder 10 or

&bull; I >>>· I It I I 1 Il > 1 **6

&bull; · I Il I I Il t I ·

·· « I I > It

III II)« «

·· I IMIIII III I'll «I*

&bull; I · · Il H M Mil '

2242.4 '''"'' I '- & -'.."·' 25.G3.1987

the impact hood 22, into the material of the guide cylinder and impact hood (as well as the material of the impact elements: metal). The sound waves were thus ultimately radiated from the outer surface of the guide cylinder 10 and impact hood 22. To prevent this, sound barriers are built into the various sound elements, which surround the source of the sound in a ring shape and prevent, through reflection and partial absorption, these sound waves from directly reaching a guide surface from the source, via which they could reach the device housing (guide cylinder 10 and impact hood 22), from where they would be radiated outwards.

For this purpose, a shoulder 44 is turned off at the lower end of the impact weight 12 so that an annular space is created between the inner surface of the guide cylinder 10 and the lower end of the impact weight 12. A layer 46 of sound-absorbing material, e.g. made of a guide material with high internal friction, is applied to the shoulder 44. In applications where high temperatures must be expected, a felt made of metal wires or mineral fibers is suitable as a sound-absorbing material.

As can be seen from Figure 1, the striking piece 16 has a mushroom-shaped head section 48 and a shaft section 50. The peripheral wall of the head section 48 runs on the inner surface of the guide cylinder 10, the peripheral surface of the shaft section 50 runs on the inner surface of a guide bore 52 which is provided in the bottom wall 14. 30

To keep sound waves away from the peripheral wall of the head section 48, an annular groove 54 is cut into the head section 48 from its upper end face 34, which is filled with sound-absorbing material 56. From the lower annular surface of the head section 48, a further annular groove 58 is cut near the peripheral surface of the head section 48, which is filled with sound-absorbing material 56.

* * * Ä i 'i »ti II I t 1 · t Il · t

&igr; > la f c ca «a «itn

2242.4 ! ! '..'&Idigr; Il 7 -**.' .* 25.08.1987

7e *

&igr; as » a * · »«· · * a a

ill« · · · a«·

si si fs ta ti a

absorbing material 60. As can be seen from Figure 1, the two annular grooves 54, 58 overlap in the axial direction and together form a complete sound barrier for sound waves emanating directly from the point of impact of the impact weight 12 to the peripheral surface of the head section 48.

From the lower end face 36 of the striking piece 16, close to the outer surface of the shaft section 50, another annular groove 62 is cut, which is filled with sound-absorbing material 64. The depth of the annular groove 62 is dimensioned such that, in the starting position shown in Figure 1 for one strike, it shades the direct connection between the point contact between the striking piece 16 and the striking plate 18 to the inner surface of the guide bore 52.

j The striking piece 16 thus has a solid central core,

j> which is the impact load from the impact weight 12 to the

Impact plate 18, and in contrast, radially outer edge areas with lower strength, which but are still sufficiently dimensioned to perform the guiding tasks and are protected by sound barriers against wave fronts emanating directly from the point-shaped impact points.

An annular layer 66 of sound-absorbing material is applied to the peripheral surface of the circular striking plate 18, which in turn carries a thin metallic guide ring 68. The latter runs on the cylindrical inner surface of the striking hood 22. In this way, the striking plate 18 is kept centered in the striking hood 22 and at the same time the sound transmission via the guide device radially outwards is largely suppressed.

Both for cost reasons and in view of the later

H · 0 · &mdash;8

&bull; ftf

I ■ IM IM ««I« *«

&bull;1 ·· *· I« It«·»·

2242.&agr; J J'.. ¹ &idigr;�iacgr;&iacgr;- 8 years,'&diams; * 25.08.1987

&bull; t I I · ■ 1 t t t · [. it

&bull; I ( I f r &igr; tr» »I I» * &igr; et a« t

Due to the loads to be taken on and the connection of adjacent building parts, it is generally not possible to provide similar sound barriers, as explained above with reference to impact weight, impact piece and impact plate, also for the pile 20. In order to largely prevent the radiation of sound waves through the concrete pile, the impact hood 22 is provided with an internal lining 70 made of sound-absorbing material and an external lining 70 made of sound-absorbing material.

The lining 70 extends over that axial area of the impact hoods 22 which does not have to take on any guiding functions for the impact plate 18, i.e. the lower area. In this area, three guide ribs 74 are also provided which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and serve to center the ^pile 20 in the impact hood 22. The guide ribs 74 are passed through the lining 70. A lining 72 extends over that area of the impact hood 22 in which the latter has guiding functions for the impact plate 18. As can be seen from Figure 1, the lining 72 overlaps the lining 70 for a distance in the axial direction.

The lower end of the impact cap 22 is closed by a ring plate 76, which defines a through hole 78 that surrounds the pile 20 at a small distance. The top of the ring plate 76 is again covered with sound-absorbing material 80. In this way, without increasing the dimensions compared to a conventional piling device, a very large part of the direct sound radiation is eliminated by the piling material; only a small part of the radiation solid angle (apex of the angle at the contact surface between the upper end of the pile and the impact plate) is not recorded; the corresponding sound waves, however, fall at a very large angle on the area of the pile's outer surface that lies outside the impact cap 22, so that only poor sound radiation occurs due to the geometric conditions.

s/U

2242.4 ; ■· ·:,| ! ^! 7.&iacgr;?.&EEgr; / 25.08.1987

&bull; < « f , I ti«

To further reduce noise, especially in diesel rams, in which an ignitable mixture explodes in the lower part of the guide cylinder 10, the lower end of the guide cylinder 10 is surrounded at a distance by a tubular sheet metal part 82, which is also clamped to the impact hood 22 via the threaded bolts 24 at the lower end of the guide cylinder 10. The inside of the sheet metal part 82 is covered with a layer 84 of sound-absorbing material, and the height of the sheet metal part ÖZ corresponds to 2 to 3 times the working stroke of the impact piece 16.

In a modification of the embodiment according to Figure 1, a shielding part for the lower end of the guide cylinder can also be assigned to the impact hood 22, as indicated by dashed lines at 86. This shielding part is then automatically released when the impact hood 22 is released.

For further sound insulation and to mitigate impacts that may occur when the piling device is placed on the pile, a vehicle tire 88 is placed on the underside of the ring plate.

Figure 2 shows a modified striking piece 16' with a central, impact-transmitting striking piece core 90, on the entire outer surface of which a layer 92 of sound-absorbing material is applied. This elastic layer with high internal friction is relatively hard and a sleeve-shaped guide part 94 is placed on it. The latter has radial guide arms 96 formed on the upper end, which together form a star-shaped head section 48 ^' . Otherwise, the basic geometry of the striking piece 16' corresponds to that of the striking piece 16. Because the guide part 94 is thin-walled and the head section 48' of the striking piece 16' running in the guide cylinder 10 is formed by the guide arms 96, it is achieved that the mass of the striking piece parts to be carried along over the layer 90 is low, so that the layer 90 is only subjected to minimal shear stress.

Claims (1)

2242.4 J |/·!.&iacgr; I KA .-'."'. .** 25.08.1987 Expectations 1.) Piling device with several impact elements made of metal, namely an impact weight, an impact piece that works together with the lower end of the impact weight and an impact part driven by the latter, which works on a pile, and with a guide cylinder for coaxial guidance of the impact weight and impact piece, characterized in that one or more of the impact elements (12, 16, 18), preferably at least one pair of cooperating impact elements, are each designed with an axially deep clearance (44; 54, 58; 62; 66) running in the circumferential direction on their end faces (32-40) subject to impact. 2.) Ramming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that an end face section lying radially outside the free space (54, 58; 62) is offset axially inwards with respect to the end face section lying radially inside the free space. 3.) Piling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the free spaces (44; 54, 58; 62; 66) are at least partially filled with sound-absorbing material (46; 56, 60; 64; 66). 4.) Piling device according to claim 3, characterized in that the free space (90) of a striking element (16 ¹ ) extends over the entire axial length of the striking element (16') in question and the sound-absorbing material (90) located therein is one with relatively high hardness, and that a guide part (94, 96) having a low mass is placed on the outer surface of this material layer (90). 2242.4 &iacgr;"&iacgr;·!!· :iul -"'.' 25.08.1987 5.) Piling device according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide part has radial guide arms (96), 6.) Pile-driving device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that radially offset, comb-like nested free spaces (54, 58) together completely cover the overall axial dimension of a guide section (48) of an impact element (16).
10 7.) Piling device according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the impact part (18) is surrounded by and guided by a striking hood (22) which is provided with means (74) for guiding the upper end of the piling material (20), characterized in that the striking hood (22) is firmly connected to the lower end of the guide cylinder (10) and is lined with sound-absorbing material (70, 72) in the areas located outside the guide path for the impact part (18).
20 8.) Piling device according to claim 7, characterized in that the impact hood (22) is covered on its outside with sound-absorbing material (72) at least in that axial region in which the inner surface of the impact hood (22) fulfills guiding functions for the impact part (18). 9.) lambgerlit according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the lower end of the impact hood (22) is closed by a ring part (76) which provides a narrow passage opening (78) for the ramming pipe (20) and is covered on its inner width with sound-absorbing material (80). 10.) Pile driver according to one of claims 1-9» characterized in that the lower end of the guide cylinder (10) extends at least over the maximum stroke of the impact piece. 4 * «· ■ a 1(1 HIl fll ««I« t« 2242.4 I ·>· t > >-i O - I» i ii ii »i mi *· ■ 25,08,1987 !<dH (16), preferably over 2-* to 3 times this stroke and at a small radial distance with sound-absorbing material (84). 11i) Pile driver according to claim 10, characterized in that the sound-absorbing material surrounding the lower end of the guide cylinder (10) at a small distance Material (84) on the inside of a rigid shield part (82) is applied. 12i) Pile driving device according to claim 11, characterized in that the shield part (86) is carried by the impact hood (22). 13.) Clearing device according to claim 12, characterized in that the shield part (86) extends over the striking hood (22), preferably up to its lower edge.