DE8708276U1 - Rudders, especially balanced profile rudders for watercraft - Google Patents

Description

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Rudder/_..|.ris special ballast prof. j I rudder for watercraft i

The invention relates to a rudder, in particular a balance profile rudder for watercraft, consisting of a rudder blade and a fin hinged thereto and a propeller arranged on a drivable propeller shaft, associated with the rudder.

Very large bending moments are introduced into the hull via rudder bearings, particularly in the case of fully suspended ship rudders and balanced profile rudders with a fin. These arise from the resulting rudder forces that act in relation to the rudder-casing bearing. Together with the torques required for the operation of the rudder, this biaxial stress state determines the required cross-section of the rudder shaft in the area of the rudder-casing bearing, the bearing dimensions and the dimensions of the rudder connection to the rudder shaft and thus also the rudder profile thickness.

It is known that the flow-mechanically favorable full-floating rudders and in particular the full-floating high-performance ship rudders equipped with additionally hinged rear and/or fore-wings are mounted in cast and/or welded rudder casings which are housed in the stern above the gullwing or above the flat bottom or in a gullwing raft attached to the hull.

In semi-floating rowing, the "winning moment of

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a rudder post connected to the hull -- Very large rudders, on the other hand, are carried out with Hix'kerilagerürig

With a known, fixable rudder,

the hull with a sleeve-shaped rudder trunk

Accident that takes up the rudder shaft/ that up to

into the rudder blade, which consists of several horizontally extending webs arranged at a distance from each other, which are connected to a lateral

are clad with panelling and where

the section of the rudder shaft located inside the rudder blade is attached by means of welded joints so that the rudder shaft absorbs both torques and bending moments.

However, the bearings of full-float rudders and balanced profile rudders with one fin are designed in such a way that the bending moments resulting from the rudder increase up to the full height of the rudder trunk bearing and must be borne by the rudder shaft itself, which leads to very thick rudder shafts. As a result, the use of full-float rudders or balanced profile rudders with one fin is limited by the rudder shaft thicknesses and the bearing dimensions, which is limited to ships with a load capacity of around 15,000 tons.

The separation of the two-axis stress state in the semi-balanced rudder leads to hydrodynamically unfavourable asymmetrical properties due to the fixed upper post and the gap effects occurring above the lower movable balance surface. The rudder moments are often strongly influenced by the swirling flow of the propeller.

asymmetrical. This requires relatively large rudder ⁴ = machines to operate the rudar,

Displacement rudders with hook bearings have the disadvantage that the power distribution at the location of the propeller is adversely affected and the drag is increased.

The invention is based on the task of directly absorbing part of the bending moments at the location of the rudder for rudders, in particular for single or multi-part VbI-Schwobe rudders and Balance-Profile rudders with a fin by means of a special design of the rudder tube bearing which would otherwise first be introduced via the rudder shaft into the rudder tube bearing and only then into the hull and thus enabling a relief for the stress on the rudder shaft with the aim of enabling a simple structural connection of the thus thinner rudder shaft to the rudder.

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A further task is to design the rudder in such a way that the propeller shaft can be easily removed and installed without having to pull the rudder shaft out of the rudder barrel bearing.

To solve this problem, a rudder of the type described above is proposed, which according to the invention is designed in such a way that the rudder housing

a) as a cantilever beam with a central inner longitudinal bore to accommodate the rudder shaft for the rudder blade,

b) extends into the rudder blade connected to the rudder stock end,

c) has in its inner bore *?in bearing for supporting the rudder stock,

d) has an additional bearing on its outer wall surface at approximately the same height as the bearing in the inner bore of the rudder barrel bearing to accommodate and support the rudder blade,

and that the rudder shaft with its end located in the rudder blade is guided into the area of the propeller shaft center or above the propeller shaft center .

Furthermore, the object is achieved by a rudder according to the type described above in such a way that the rudder barrel bearing

a) as a cantilever beam with a central inner longitudinal bore to accommodate the rudder shaft for the rudder blade,

b) until the rudder blade connected to the rudder shaft end is completely formed.

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c) has a bearing in its inner bore for supporting the rudder stock,

d) its free end extends into a recess in the rudder blade,

and that the rudder shaft in its end region is led out of the rudder trunk bearing with a section and is firmly connected to the rudder blade with this section, whereby the connection of the rudder shaft with the rudder blade is located above the center of the propeller shaft.

The first-mentioned embodiment enables an elastic coupling of the rudder construction and rudder tube bearing on the one hand and the rudder shaft, which is only mounted in the immediate area of the rudder machine, on the other hand, for which purpose the rudder tube bearing has a bearing in its inner bore for mounting the rudder shaft, whereby it is also possible to provide several bearings distributed along the length of the rudder shaft. l

This means that rudder arrangements in the aft |

area is possible for which it is expedient to allow the rudder tube bearing to extend as far as possible into the rudder construction in accordance with the design and manufacturing possibilities, so that it is advantageous if the rudder tube bearing extends into the rudder for more than half the rudder height.

The advantages achieved with the design of the rudder according to the invention are that the application area of full-floating rudders and of balanced profile rudders with a fin in a split and undivided design is now extended with regard to realizable

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The range of possible rudder sizes is considerably increased. This is done by separating the two-axis stress state, whereby the bending moment is absorbed by the casing drawn into the rudder and introduced into the hull. The torque for the rudder operation is transmitted via the long rudder shaft. With the size of the rudder surface remaining unchanged, slimmer rudder profiles can be used which have a lower driving resistance. In addition, the connection between the rudder and the rudder shaft is both cheaper in terms of production costs and easier in terms of assembly. The proposed solution also offers the possibility of saving investment and installation costs in the area of the structurally somewhat smaller rudder casing bearing. The bearings can also be made smaller by separating the bending and torque moments, since the bearings are no longer exposed to great bending stress.

The advantage that results from the further embodiment of the invention, according to which only the rudder shaft is supported in the end region of the rudder barrel bearing by means of a bearing and the rudder shaft in its end region is led out of the rudder barrel ^with a section and is firmly connected to the rudder blade in this section, whereby the connection of the rudder shaft with the rudder blade is above the propeller shaft center without the need for a further bearing for the rudder on the outer wall surface of the rudder barrel bearing, is that for the replacement of the propeller shaft the rudder shaft can be removed after the rudder blade has been removed from the rudder barrel.

The rudder bearing no longer needs to be pulled out, since the connection between the rudder shaft and the rudder blade is above the center of the propeller shaft.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. They show

Fig. 1 shows a rudder arrangement according to the invention provided in the aft area with a propeller assigned to the rudder blade in a side view,

Fig. 2 an enlarged view of the rudder arrangement

with a bearing for supporting the rudder shaft in the rudder tube bearing and another bearing for supporting the rudder batten on the rudder tube bearing, partly in a side view, partly in a vertical section,

Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the bearing arrangement between the rudder trunk and the rudder shaft on the one hand and the rudder shaft and the rudder blade on the other hand,

Fig. 4 an enlarged view of another embodiment of the rudder arrangement with the rudder shaft mounted in the rudder barrel bearing and the attachment point of the rudder shaft with the rudder blade located above the center of the propeller shaft,

Fig. 5 is a vertical section along line V-V in Fig. 4,

Hg* 6 a schematic representation of the bearing arrangement between the rudder stock and the rudder case.

In the design shown in Mg* 1/2 and 3, 1Ö designates a hull, 20 a rudder bearing, 30 a rudder blade and 40 a rudder stock.

The bearing 20 is firmly connected with its upper end 20a to the hull indicated at iÖ and has a central bore 25 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the rudder tube bearing and which accommodates the rudder shaft 40. The rudder tube bearing HO is integrated in the

Rudder blade 30 hi introduced -, which with the free

lower end 40b of the rudder shaft 40 which passes through the bore 25 of the rudder cock bearing 20.

The rudder blade 30, preferably

cylindrical, recess 35 to accommodate the free

End 20b of the rudder tube bearing 20 is separated by a |

side planking 31,32 (Fig.2).

In the embodiment shown in Fig* 2,

the rudder trunk bearing 20 for more than half

from the rudder blade height into the rudder blade 30- |

sufficiently trained. However, there is also the possibility |

Possibility of extending into the rudder blade 30 Section of the Rüderkökerlager 20 long or short

to be measured.

To support the rudder shaft 4Ö, the rudder barrel bearing 20 has a bearing 50 in its inner bore 25.

Rudder barrel bearing 20 distributes several such external bearings for supporting the rudder blade on the rudder barrel bearing; In order to obtain a small rudder blade width, the outer wall of the rudder barrel bearing 20 can be designed to taper conically towards the rudder barrel end 20b. Due to this conical outer wall design, it is then necessary to design the bearings to be arranged on the outer wall of the rudder barrel bearing 20 accordingly or to prepare the outer wall area of the rudder barrel bearing 20 accordingly for the attachment of the bearings .

The arrangement of the bearings 50,51 and the fastening of the rudder shaft 40 to the rudder blade 30 can be seen in the schematic representation in Fig. 3 .

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the rudder tube bearing 20 is provided as a cantilever beam with a grooved inner longitudinal bore 25 for receiving the rudder shaft 40 for the rudder blade 30. The rudder tube bearing 20 is designed to extend into the rudder blade 30 connected to the rudder shaft end. Furthermore, the rudder tube bearing 20 has a bearing 50 in its inner bore 25 for supporting the rudder shaft 40, while on its outer wall surface at approximately the same height as the bearing 50 in the inner bore 25 of the rudder tube bearing 20, a

another bearing 51 is provided for receiving and supporting the rudder blade 30, whereby the rudder shaft 40 with its end lying in the rudder blade 30 is guided into the area of the propeller shaft center 200 or below the propeller shaft center 200* In the end area 20b of the rudder coke bearing 20, an inner and an outer bearing 50,51 is thus provided. Furthermore, the rudder coke

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Rudder barrel bearing 20 Distributed several such outer bearings for supporting the rudder blade on the rudder barrel bearing. In order to obtain a small rudder blade width, the outer wall of the rudder barrel bearing 20 can be designed to taper conically towards the rudder barrel end 20b. Due to this conical outer wall design _, it is then necessary to design the bearings to be arranged on the outer wall of the rudder barrel bearing 20 accordingly or to design the outer wall area of the rudder barrel bearing 20 accordingly for the attachment of the bearings. The arrangement of the bearings 50,51 and the fastening of the rudder shaft 40 to the rudder blade 30 can be seen in the schematic representation in Fig. 3.

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the rudder tube bearing 20 is provided as a cantilever beam with a central inner longitudinal bore 25 for receiving the rudder shaft 40 for the rudder blade 30. The rudder tube bearing 20 is designed to extend into the rudder blade 30 connected to the rudder shaft end. The rudder tube bearing also has a bearing 50 in its inner bore 25 for supporting the rudder shaft 40, while on its outer wall surface approximately at the same height as the bearing 50 in the inner bore 25 of the rudder tube bearing 20, a

another bearing 51 is provided for receiving and supporting the rudder blade 30, whereby the rudder shaft 40 with its end lying in the rudder blade 30 is guided into the area of the propeller shaft center 200 or below the propeller shaft center 200. In the end area 20b of the rudder shaft bearing 20, an inner and an outer bearing 50,51 are thus provided. Furthermore, the rudder shaft

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bearing 20 over more than half of the rudder blade height ■extending into the rudder blade 30*

The outer wall of the rudder cock bearing 20 can be tapered towards the rudder cock end 20b.

If the lower end 40b of the rudder shaft 40 is connected to the rudder blade 35 approximately ■in the area of the propeller shaft center 200, this connection between the rudder shaft 40 and the rudder blade 30 is designed in such a way that the rudder blade 30 can be released from the rudder shaft 40 to remove the propeller

shaft 210 is detachable, when replacing the propeller shaft after removing the rudder blade 30 from the rudder shaft 40, the latter only needs to be pulled out slightly from the rudder barrel bearing 20 in order to obtain a free space for replacing the propeller shaft.

In the further embodiment of a rudder design according to the invention shown in Fig. 4 to 6, 110 designates a hull, 130 a rudder barrel bearing, 130 a rudder blade and 140 a rudder shaft. A fin 135 is hinged to the rudder blade 130. In this embodiment too, the rudder blade 130 has a preferably cylindrical recess 155 for receiving the free end 120b of the rudder barrel bearing 120.

The rudder tube bearing 120 is also designed as a cantilever beam with a central inner longitudinal bore 125 for receiving the rudder shaft 140 for the rudder blade 130. In addition, the rudder tube bearing 120 is extended into the rudder blade connected to the rudder shaft end.

h &iacgr;-&idiagr;&igr; e nreichen chen. In its inner bore 125, the rudder barrel bearing 120 has a bearing 150 for supporting the rudder shaft 140, whereby preferably this bearing 150 is arranged in the lower end region 120b of the rudder barrel bearing 120. The rudder shaft 140 is led out of the rudder barrel bearing 120 with its end 140b with a section 145. The free lower end of this extended section 145 of the rudder shaft 140 is firmly connected to the rudder blade 130 at 170, whereby a connection is also provided here which enables the rudder blade 130 to be detached from the rudder shaft 140 when the propeller shaft is to be replaced. The connection of the rudder shaft 140 in the area 170 with the rudder blade 130 is located above the propeller shaft center 200, so that to remove the propeller shaft only the rudder blade 130 has to be removed from the rudder shaft 140, while pulling the rudder shaft 140 out of the rudder barrel bearing 120 is not necessary, since both the free lower end 120b of the rudder barrel bearing 12G and the free lower end of the rudder shaft 140 are located above the propeller shaft center. In this embodiment shown in Fig. 4 to 6, only a single inner bearing 150 is provided for the bearing of the rudder shaft 140 in the rudder barrel bearing 120; another bearing for the rudder blade 130 on the outer wall of the rudder barrel bearing 120 is not required. To accommodate the free lower end 120b of the rudder barrel bearing 120, the rudder blade 130 is provided with a recess or recess indicated at 160.

In the rudder according to the embodiment shown in Figure ⁸ in Hg» 4 to § 6, the rudder tube bearing 120 is designed as a cantilever

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carrier with a central inner longitudinal bore 125 for receiving the rudder shaft 140 for the rudder blade 130. Furthermore, the rudder tube bearing 120 is designed to extend into the rudder blade 130 connected in the rudder shaft end and has a bearing 150 in its inner bore 125 for supporting the rudder shaft 140 in the rudder tube bearing 120. At its free end 120b, the rudder tube la£2«r 120 extends into a recess or indentation 160 in the rudder blade 130, with the rudder shaft 140 being led out of the rudder tube bearing 120 in its end region 140b with a section 145. The rudder shaft 140 is connected to the rudder blade 130 by the free end of this extended section 145, whereby the connection of the rudder shaft 140 to the rudder blade 130 is located above the propeller shaft center 200. The inner bearing 150 is preferably provided in the end region 120b of the rudder barrel bearing 120.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawing. Deviations in the arrangement of the bearings in the area of the rudder trunk bearing 20 or 120 and the rudder shaft 40 or 140 are also within the scope of the invention, as is a different design of the cylindrical recess 35 or 100 in the rudder blade 30 or 130. The rudder arrangement designed according to the invention can be used both on ships and on floating platforms or the like.

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Claims (4)

· RICHTER, .\3VERD ^: Ökr0lÄNffJ & GERBAULET PATENT ATTORNEYS EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS DIPL-[NG J. RICHTER DlPL-ING F. WERDERMANN [ - 1986 ÄAimeLder: dipl-ing h. gerbau let WiLLi Becker Engineering Office GmbH 2000Hamburg36 Hamburg newwallio S" (040) 340045/340056 TELEX 2163551INTU D Title L: fax(040)342682 Rowing, especially Ba Lance-Profi L- rudders for watercraft your sign / your rle OUR FILE B . 87262: HAMBURG. 11.06.1987 Protection claims 1. Suder, especially Ba Lance-Profi L rowing for Watercraft consisting of a rudder blade &iacgr;
! - with a fin attached to it and a assigned to the rudder, on a drivable Propeller arranged on the propeller shaft, characterized in that the rudder barrel bearing (20) a) as a cantilever beam with a central inner longitudinal bore (25) for receiving the rudder shaft (40) for the rudder blade C30), b) extending into the rudder blade (30) connected to the rudder shaft end is,
, c) in its inner bore (25) a bearing (50) for supporting the rudder shaft (40), d) on its outer wall surface at approximately the same height as the bearing (50? in the inner longitudinal bore (25) of the rudder tube bearing (20) a S additional bearing (51) for receiving and Support of the rudder blade (30), and that the rudder shaft (40) is guided with its end located in the rudder blade (30) into the area of the propeller shaft center or below the propeller shaft center. a 2. Rudders, especially balance profile rudders for j Watercraft consisting of a rudder blade Ij with a fin hinged to it and a . associated with the rudder, on a drivable Propeller arranged on the propeller shaft, characterized in that the rudder barrel bearing (120) a) as a cantilever beam with a central inner ^longitudinal bore \.125) to accommodate the rudder stock (140) for the rudder blade (130), b) is designed to extend into the rudder blade (130) connected to the rudder stock end, c) has a bearing (150) in its inner longitudinal bore (125) for supporting the rudder shaft (140) in the rudder barrel bearing (120), d) with its free end (120b) in a recess, retraction or the like (160) in the rudder blade (130) extends into and that the rudder shaft (140) in its end region (140b) is led out of the rudder barrel bearing (120) with a section (145) and is connected to the rudder blade (130) with the end of this section (145), the connection of the rudder shaft (140) to the rudder blade (Cf^O) being above the propeller shaft center (200). 3. Rudder according to claim 1, characterized in that an inner and an outer bearing (50, 51) are provided in the end region ( 20b ) of the rudder bearing (20). 4. Rudder according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner and outer bearings (5Q,51) in l| · same height in the end area (20b) of the rudder cockpit gers (20) are arranged. 44 t * ."&igr; ¹ "! 5< Rudder according to claim 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that the rudder support (20) is designed to extend into the rudder blade (30) over more than half of the rudder blade height. Call next &eegr;&Ggr;&idiagr;5&mgr;&Ggr;&iacgr;/&udiagr;&iacgr;&idigr; c/ uouüfC« ySiv^ntiSS* Sr.~S t _r that the inner bearing (150) for supporting the rudder shaft (140) in the rudder tube bearing (120) is arranged in the end region (120b) of the rudder tube bearing (120). Rudder according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer wall of the rudder tube bearing (20b; 120) is designed to taper conically towards the rudder tube end (20b; 120b).