DE7636229U1 - Arrangement for high-performance semiconductor components - Google Patents

Description

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BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden (Switzerland)

Arrangement for high-performance semiconductor components

The invention relates to an arrangement for semiconductor high-performance components with at least one located between contact pieces and in one - an insulator and

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High performance semiconductor component.

Such arrangements with thyristors and diodes as active High-performance component is widely used in power supply systems. Since the tendency is modern equipments. "ur mastery of constantly increasing currents and voltages semiconductor high-performance components with correspondingly enlarged dimensions It has already been proposed to use the components in a 3-inch X 1-inch press-pack standard housing to include. Because of the very high continuous currents (1000 to 3000 A), the systems must be protected jeaoch backups are provided that give a very

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high response current and consequently a high explosion risk cry In the current most modern systems the word diouos lixplosionuinteüralu with sinusförinircm electricity

i ² dt = I ^2/2 * T / 2,

where T / 2 = pulse duration, I = average current strength,

for sinusoidal impulses at approx. 35 · 10 A see. (E.g. this value corresponds to a pulse of 83> 7 kA / 10 msec). Arrangements in press-pack standard housings, however, only have an explosion integral of approx. 1.5 "10 A see, i.e. only one Fraction of the value required in today's most modern systems. This value of the explosion integral is in particular then reached or exceeded very quickly when in the arrangements for high-performance semiconductor components a short-circuit current flows in the reverse direction ^ so that the resulting arc causes the system to explode.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an arrangement for high-performance semiconductor components to create their explosion resistance even when flowing in the backward direction Short-circuit currents in systems with continuous currents up to at least 3OOO A are guaranteed with certainty, and which is also characterized by a simple and functional structure and can be produced in an economical manner is.

According to the invention, the aforementioned object is thereby achieved

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that solves to increase the explosion resistance when forming an arc on the contact pieces laterally adjoining and surrounding them in a ring shape, from the inner wall of the insulator, only electrical conductors separated by narrow gaps to accommodate the arc roots whose distance from the inner wall of the insulator is such that the arc does not form loops takes place in the column.

The starting point for these measures is the knowledge that in the case of a marginally defective semiconductor high-performance component arcing preferentially occurs. On a semiconductor high-performance component that was smashed at the edge j which was installed in a press-pack standard housing, it was now determined that the current was initially flows at the defective point. This melts and vaporizes the silicon of the component. An arc is formed, which is created under the influence of its own magnetic field Tries to expand in a loop, with its foot points wandering apart. That arc can now v / change on the connecting pieces of the housing and these by welding as well as by his delivered Thermal energy can increase the pressure in the arrangement explosively, so that the housing mechanically and / or is destroyed by thermal shock.

The measures according to the invention can reduce the pressure build-up be kept low in the housing of the arrangement, since

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the ring-shaped current conductors limit the arc length and the arc root points migrate to the connecting pieces prevent, and thus significantly reduce the thermal energy supply inside the housing, in particular but also because they act as a cooling surface for the resulting hot arc gases. The gap between the annular Allow electrical conductors and the inner wall of the insulator a pressure equalization in the arc-free part of the housing and thus also contribute to the pressure reduction at.

Furthermore, it is expedient to provide the inner wall of the connecting pieces of the housing with a thermally and electrically insulating first coating and, if necessary, the inner wall of the insulator with a thermally insulating second coating. This increases the explosion resistance of the arrangement quite considerably, since the coating of the connecting pieces makes the formation of the arc root more difficult and also protects these parts; if necessary, the ISOLETOR _{7 is} effected in front of the hot arc gases.

It is recommended as materials for the insulator ceramic, the connecting pieces one of the elements nickel, cobalt, An alloy comprising iron and possibly manganese, processed into a flexible plate, the current conductors copper the first coating to provide plastic with high evaporation energy and the second coating to provide Teflon, since

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through the use of these materials the fourth of the explosion integral is increased quite considerably.

According to a preferred embodiment, the housing can be in the form of a cylinder about 7 to 8 cm in diameter and 2 to 3 cm high, the conductors have a rectangular profile of about 2 mm wide and egg. Have a length of 4 mm, with its long side parallel to the contact surface of the high-performance semiconductor component and be arranged with their outer broad side approx. 1 mm away from the insulator and the first coating be at least 0.3 mm thick. Such an arrangement is particularly hot because of the second coating against the thermal shock effect Excellent protection from arc gases.

It is particularly advantageous to protect the housing at least in the radial direction with a reinforcement body, wherein the reinforcing body consists of plastic such as polyvinyl chloride or polymethacrylic acid ester and is optionally reinforced by glass fiber reinforced cast resin rings or steel ring inserts, as this results in a significant increase in the pressure and thus the explosion resistance of the housing is caused.

According to a further embodiment of the arrangement, it is provided that that the housing is surrounded by an explosion protection, which is dimensioned so that the between the housing and explosion protection enclosed spaces much larger

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than the space enclosed by the housing. As a result, the hot gases released in the event of an explosion are grounded and thrown away Fragments of the housing are caught and kept away from the system. Oa between the housing and

5 Explosion protection enclosed space much larger

than the space enclosed by the housing, the hot explosion gases have a considerable amount after the housing is destroyed Expansion possibility in explosion protection, whereby a significant pressure reduction of the ^ hot explo-

10 sion gases and thus the protection of the system is effected.

It is advisable to use plastic explosion protection,

g preferably cast resin or silicone rubber, to be constructed

f ieren and with reinforcement rings to accommodate the

%. radial forces caused by the influx of the explosive

I 15 gases are caused to stiffen because of this

I 'measures a particularly high compressive strength of the explo-

I sion protection is effected.

I In a particularly expedient embodiment of the arrangement

According to the invention, there is explosion protection

i 20 of two end-to-end interlocking parts for

\ Reduction of the overpressure with flow resistances and sealing

; lips are provided. Step into such a system

In the event of an explosion, the explosion gases are cooled through the sealing lips and therefore do not direct any further

25 more damage to the system to be protected.

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object reproduced in a simplified manner. It z

| In the drawing are exemplary embodiments of the invention

·. Pig. 1 a section through an arrangement for semiconductor

5 high-performance components in one press-pack standardp: ehäure

in which an arc expands like a loop under the action ν of its own magnetic field,

Fig. 2 is a section through an arrangement according to the invention and

3 shows sections through further particularly advantageous configurations the arrangement according to the invention.

According to FIG. 1, a semiconductor high-performance component (diode or thyristor) 2 is arranged between the two contact connections consisting of copper disks 1, 1 ′ and molybdenum disks ^{1 a, 1 a 1.} This component 2 is located in a cylindrical housing 5 consisting of a ceramic insulator 3 and flexible connecting pieces k, ^ ' of approximately 3 inches in diameter and 1 inch in height. The connectors ^l \, ^ ^x are from a EIemente the nickel, Kcbalt, iron and possibly manganese-containing alloy, such as Kovar. With 6 they are different. ■ those phases of an arc with the base points 7j7 '

designated.

The component 2 has a specifically struck at the edge Flaw and is in reverse direction with sinusoidal

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loaded with moderate 10 msec pulses. Already with pulses of

17 kA / 10 msec corresponding to a value of the explosion

rtrul »of approx. 1.1. 10 A'soc flows at the defective point ι

a stream that melts and vaporizes the silicon. | This creates a between the two contact pieces

Arc 6, which under the influence of its own f magnetic field expands in a loop, whereby its foot

dots 7 ₅ 7 'wander apart, on which consist of Kovar- J

I reach the connecting pieces 4, k ¹ and weld them through. 1

f »The thermal energy supplied by the arch already carries |

Γ ο *

at a value of the explosion integral of 1.5 * ^ O A see # to a üruckaul'bau that mechanically and / or |

viüi * "Gii iiiSj ^ inOoGxj \ yGn.WjLi * n.üiig ^ XjJj-OSlOnSS *? vlg S« rSuOrv · ^

By the arrangements shown in FIGS
for high-performance Kalbleiter components, these undesirable effects are avoided or considerably reduced.

In Figs. 2 and 3, the same parts with the same reference f

Numbers as in Fig. 1. In addition, in Fig. 2 | laterally adjacent to the contact pieces and these ring- * shaped surrounding, from the inner wall of the insulator 3 only

through narrow column 9 _a 9 'separated current conductor 8,8' shown. With 10,10 'and 11 are the fittings of the connecting pieces 4,4' DZTri. of the isolator 3 designated. Reference number 12 refers to a reinforcing body

2 ^l j auu Kunslctoi'f, in the £ l! ^ Fiber-reinforced cast resin rings

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or steel ring inserts 13 are incorporated.

The oi'i'huliin ^ iicomäsiJG arrangement after fit ;. 2 differs ; · .Η ·! Ι alr.w giigeiiiÜH.M · dm · arrangement according to h'ig. 1 diii-cli dii two conductors 8,8 ', which between the conductors and the ceramic insulator gaps 9j9'j the coatings 10,10 ', 11 and the reinforcement rings with the embedded glass fiber reinforced cast resin rings or steel ring inserts I3.

The conductors 8, 8 'are made of copper, have a rectangular section approx. 2 mm wide and approx. K mm long, with their long side parallel to the contact surface of the semiconductor component 2 and with their outer broad side approx. 1 mm from the insulator 3 arranged remotely. The two current conductors 8, 8 'hold the arc base points 7, 7' on the two conductors and cannot migrate to the two connecting pieces k, V via the contact pieces 1, 1 ', 1 a, 1 a *. The distance between these two ring-shaped current conductors 8, 8 ′ to the inner wall of the ceramic insulator 3 is selected to be so small at approx. 1 mm ₃ that the arc cannot form a loop into the gap 9, 9 ′. The coating 10, 10 'of the connecting pieces 4, 4' makes the formation of the arc root point more difficult and prevents the access of the hot arc gases since they counteract the thermal effects of the arc 7 by evaporation. A favorable plastics have high evaporation energy as _a Sylgard, in a layer thickness of more than 0.3 mm chal-

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posed. The coating can be sprayed on or glued on be applied by foils or by pouring out.

These measures can reduce the pressure build-up in the Goh.'iune V / ground kept extremely low, since the ring-shaped current conductors limit the arc length and thus the thermal Reduce the energy supply and also act as cooling surfaces for the hot arc gases works. The gaps 9, 9 'allow pressure equalization in the arc-free part of the housing 5 and thus carry ebehfalls to lower the pressure. The thermal shock effect of the hot arc gases on the ceramic insulator 3 is reduced by the coating 11. This coating also exists like the coating 10,10 * ; made of a plastic that can be vaporized quickly, such as Sylgard or Teflon, and is applied in an appropriate layer thickness.

In the case of particularly high values of pressure and temperature caused by the arc in the arrangement according to the invention In the case of heated gases, it is sometimes useful that the housing is supported by a reinforcement body at least in the radial direction 12 made of plastic such as polyvinyl chloride or polymethacrylic acid ester, supported and optionally by glass fiber reinforced cast resin rings or steel ring inserts 13 is reinforced. This * reinforcement body 12 is on best poured to have good contact with the ceramic

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to ensure. The ceramic in this case can be smooth remain, since the grooves necessary for the creepage distance are made on the outside of the plastic body.

Further exemplary embodiments of arrangements according to the invention can be found in FIG. In this figure, nit 14 is an explosion protection surrounding the housing 5, which catches the hot gases and fragments released by the explosion and keeps them away from the system parts. The explosion protection preferably consists of casting resin or silicone rubber. The space 15 enclosed between the explosion protection I ¹ I and the housing 5 is much larger than that surrounded by the housing 5.

15 20

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3 of the housing 5 due to excessive pressure urk! too high temperature the gases enclosed in the housing 5, they can expatndieren into the space 15, whereby a considerable pressure drop achieved and destruction of the system by the hot arc gases is avoided.

According to FIG. 3b, the explosion protection I ¹ J is additionally provided with reinforcing rings 17 to absorb radial forces. According to FIG. 5c, it is composed of two frontal interlocking parts l8, l8 "for the purpose of simple assembly. In the embodiment according to FIG. 5d, flow resistances 19, 19 'and sealing lips 20 can also be provided deform the sealing

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lips 20 in the manner shown in dashed lines and let the cooled and thus harmless explosion gases exit in the direction shown.

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Description list

1,1 'la, la' 2

3 H ₃ H ¹ 5 6th

7.7 ' 8.8' 9.9 '10 .10' 11 12 13

18.18 '19.19' 20 copper washers j molybdenum washers /

Contact terminals

Semiconductor high-performance component Keramiki s οlat or connectors housing
Electric arc

Puss points of the electric arc electric conductor column

Coating of the connecting pieces Coating of the ceramic insulator Reinforcement body, steel ring insert, explosion protection

of the space enclosed between the housing and the explosion protection
Front housing enclosed space reinforcement ring
Part of the explosion protection

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Claims (1)

BBCr Baden,; "". .:.; ···;, · ■ Yy J old) > = «T * s ι α ■ * - 13 - 107/76 ■ 9 t slogans 1. Arrangement for semiconductor high-performance components with at least one located between contact pieces and in i'ii i'ciii-ei min insulator and verb uidunii '.'. ^ gap having - housing-enclosed semiconductor high-performance component, characterized in that to increase the explosion resistance when an arc (6) is formed on the contact pieces (Ij I ¹ , la, la ') laterally adjoining and surrounding them in a ring, separated from the inner wall of the insulator (3) only by narrow gaps (9, 9 ¹ ) Electric conductors (8, 8 ') are provided for receiving the arc root points (7 _S 7'), the distance between which from the inner wall of the insulator O) is such that the arc (6) does not loop into the gaps (9, 9 ') takes place into it. <r 15 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the connecting pieces (4, 4 ') of the housing (5) with a thermally and electrically insulating ^; | 'Renden first coating (10, 10') is provided. 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner wall of the insulator (3) is provided with a thermally insulating second coating (11). 7636229 08/10/78 si BBC Baden ) 1311 3 »» 3> * 1 y -Ik- 107/76 Ί. Arfordxiung according to claim 3 _3, characterized in that as materials for the insulator (3) ceramic, the Ver J bi ndun (j; sstück (^ I, V) one of the elements Ni, Co, Pe and f if necessary Mn comprehensive, to ei; 3r flexible plate 5 processed alloy., Dxe conductor (8, 8 ') copper, * ■ the first coating (10, 10 ') plastic with high i. Evaporation energy (such as Sylgard) and the twentieth layering (11) Teflon are provided. 5. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing (j5) has the shape of a cylinder of approximately 7 - 8 cm in diameter and 2 - 3 cm in height, the conductors (8, 8 ') have a rectangular profile of approx. 2 mm Have width and about 4 mm length, with their long side parallel to the contact surface of the semiconductor component (2) and are arranged with their outer width about 1 mm from the insulator (3), and that the first coating (10, 10 ') is at least 0.3 mm thick. 6. Arrangement according to eir. ^ M of claims 1-5 > characterized in that the housing (jj) is supported at least in the radial direction by a reinforcing body (12). 7 »Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcement body (12) made of plastic such as poly ^ 7636229 08/10/78 BC Baden - 15 - 107/76 vinyl chloride or polymethacrylic acid esters are made and if necessary by glass fiber reinforced cast resin rings or sliding ring inlets (13) are reinforced. 8. The arrangement according to one of claims 1-5j, characterized in that the housing (j>) is surrounded by an explosion protection (I ¹ O, which is dimensioned such that the space enclosed between the housing (Jj) and the explosion protection (11) (15) is much larger than the space (16) enclosed by the housing (j>). .0 9. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that Cast resin or silicone rubber, consists and with reinforcement rings (17) is stiffened to absorb the radial forces. .5 10. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the explosion protection (13) made of zv / egg interlocking at the end Parts (18, 18 ') are made to reduce the excess pressure with flow resistances (19 * 19') and sealing lips (20) are provided. BBC Public Company Brown, Bover-i & Cie.