DE7010442U - BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. fVWeick'mann,

Dipl.-Ing. H.Weickmann, Dipl.-Phys. Dr. K. Fincke Dipl.-Ing. F. A-Weickmann, Dipl.-Chkm. B. Huber

t MUNICH 86, 29.

G 70 10 442.6 post box i6os2o MDHLSTRASSE 22, CALL NUMBER 913921/22

THE ELECTRICITY COUNCIL 30 Millbank, London S ₈ W.1 England

/fle:i.zke.Bsel for heating water ^ v

The innovation relates to a boiler for heating of water, hereinafter referred to as hot water generator, such as

it is used, for example, for hot water heating or central heating can be used in buildings.

The innovation takes advantage of the high energy storage capacity that can be achieved with thermal storage units. Solcüe units have a very high energy storage capacity per unit volume and it is therefore possible to use such units to be used as a storage medium from which heat can be extracted at a high extraction rate when required is. Such units can be maintained at a suitably high temperature by electrical heating means. The electrical heating means can for example be resistance heaters that are embedded in the unit.

The innovation concerns a hot water generator, which includes the following parts: a thermal storage core, means for heating

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of the core to sine temperature above the boiling point of water, a steam and water space above the core, means which connect the mentioned space with a water supply source and a passage, ie a tube which extends from the space into the core, the passage extends upward into the room and has a steam opening and a water supply hole arranged below the steam opening, so that the pressure developing in the room through evaporation of water inside the passage presses the water level in the M _{> y} space outside the passage below the water supply hole .

The water in the room can either be used directly as hot water, i.e. H. for domestic use or for central heating purposes can be used or it can be supplied by a heat exchanger system sent to heat other water.

With this arrangement, whatever falls into the tube

,. Water through the water supply hole down into the

Core and is vaporized. The steam creates pressure in the aforementioned steam and water space above the core; the bar is closed except for the water inlet hole. The steam pressure pushes the water level down against the supply pressure until the water level is below the supply hole lies. The system is self-regulating such that it maintains a pressure that is the same is the feed pressure, which can be very low. For this purpose, the water can come from an auxiliary reservoir removed and fed into the system; such a reservoir reduces the fluctuations in the water level.

The water in the room can be drawn off directly as hot water, but it is preferably used to to add other water indirectly in a heat exchanger

heat. This other Wo0ser> ann example f in a jacket cooler is that the steam and water. | space surrounds. When water is withdrawn directly from the room, cold water enters the room and condenses the;.

Steam. 'call water drawn from your heat exchanger, | so steam is also condensed. In any case, the water level rises and when it reaches the feed hole, water enters the passage so that in turn more steam is generated. When a heat exchanger is used a buffer tank is provided so that an adjustment to the fluctuating volume of the evaporated from the Water produced steam takes place.

The aforementioned passage can be formed by a tube or a plurality of tubes. In some cases it is It is also expedient to design the passage as a hollow plate that is open at one end. Part of the passage can be formed from the material of the core. Above the core, the passage is formed by a hollow element, which is conveniently a tube.

Ventilation means are advantageously provided to desn evacuating steam forming inside the cap.

The ventilation means can be formed by a buffer tank with an air lock, the air lock prevents mixing of the circulating water and the water to be heated.

Particularly in the case of a hot water generator without a heat exchanger, it is advantageous to close a small air passage opening the steam regulation to ensure that the air inside the Cap can escape.

In order to reduce the fluctuation (oscillation) of the water level, a reservoir can be provided which has a second feed hole for feeding water into the reservoir. This feed hole can be above or below the hole that connects the reservoir with your passage. One way of controlling the water temperature is to provide a temperature sensitive device, which the second inlet hole closes at a predetermined temperature. In another arrangement for controlling the temperature, the heat exchanger two rooms through which the water to be heated can flow. The two rooms are sensitive to temperature by one Equipment connected to one another in such a way that the water in the rooms can be mixed, when the device is open and that mixing of the water is prevented when the device is closed is. The rate of heat transfer depends on the operation of this facility. Appropriately, only one of the rooms has a heat transfer surface. The heating of the water can be stopped by bringing the PIuO to this room blocked.

The innovation is described below using the drawings.

Show it:

1 shows a section through an embodiment of a hot water generator ;

2 shows a section through a modified embodiment of the hot water generator;

Fig. 3 is a section through a hot water generator, the one

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Temperature control means;

Fig. 4 is a section through Pxnen hot water generator with another temperature control device is provided;

5 shows the schematic representation of a hot water generator for central heating in a building.

/? * A thermal storage core 10 is used in the hot water generators shown in the drawings. A suitable material for the core 10 is, for example, cast iron or fire-resistant brick. This material can be heated to a very high temperature well above the boiling point of water. The heating can be carried out electrically, for example by a resistance heater which is embedded in the thermal storage core. For the sake of simplicity, the heating means have been omitted in the drawings. Due to the large heat storage capacity, it is advisable to heat the storage core 10 during the night, since the electricity tariff is lower during this time. In general, the thermal storage core can advantageously be used where it is on the high storage capacity and on the fact that large amounts of thermal energy are quickly available when hot water is required.

In FIG. 1, a boiler containing water is arranged above the thermal storage core 10. The thermal storage core 10 is surrounded by thermal insulation 11. A hollow plate or tubes 12 extends from the boiler 9 down into the thermal storage core. The boiler 9 can be made of a thermal insulation material

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be surrounded, which is omitted in the drawings for the sake of simplicity. Extends over tube 12 a cap 15. At the bottom of the cap 15 flows into this water from the boiler 9 a * If the water level is the height of a Zi .führungsloches 14 in the Flatte or When reaching tube 12, the water enters the plate or tube and falls down into that in core 10 Part of the tube where it is vaporized. The vapor formed collects within the cap 15 »which one Forms steam storage space.

The water to be heated is introduced into the boiler 9 from an inlet 16 and flows through an outlet 17 on upper part of the boiler 9 from this. During the condensation of the water coming from the core 10, the water becomes heated within the boiler 9, it almost boils. Meanwhile, the level of the Walser is within the cap due to the effect of the increasing volume of steam in the cap it has fallen so far that r the feed hole 14 and until this is finally exposed. If the feed hole 14 is exposed, no more water can from it Kettle 9 flow back into the core via tube 12. Therefore, when all of the water in the core 10 has evaporated, no further evaporation takes place until the water level has risen again via the feed hole 14.

If hot water is drawn off via outlet 17, so cold water flows in via inlet 16. The effect of the cold water consists in that it reduces the temperature of the water inside the boiler 9, whereby part of the steam condenses and the steam volume is reduced. The reduction in steam volume causes that the water level in the cap rises above the feed hole 14, so that water flows into the core area can. The evaporation cycle begins again, whereby

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the water in the boiler 9 is heated again until a state of equilibrium has been established, if that Feed hole is exposed again. In the cap 15 an air passage opening 13 is provided, which is above of the level defined by the feed hole 14 is located. Air can escape through the air passage opening 13 the cap 15 escape so that air blockage is prevented in this way. It has been found that the amount de3 escaping through the air passage opening 13 Steam is insignificant.

In Fig. 2, a modified embodiment of the construction shown in Fig. 1 is shown, in which the Water is heated indirectly. As in Fig. 1, here is a thermal storage core 10 with an insulation 11 and a tube (or hollow plate) 12 is provided, which is guided upwards within the core and into a water vapor storage space 20 protrudes. The water vapor storage space 20 is located in an: inner boiler of a heat exchanger, which also has an outer boiler 21 into which the water to be heated is introduced at 22. The hot water is withdrawn at 23. In the construction shown, the outer boiler is cylindrical Jacket around the inner vessel 20 and also has an annular chamber 24, which additional heat exchange surfaces forms. Passages 25, which form the areas of the boiler 20, lead through the annular chamber 24 connect with each other, in which steam can collect.

The tube 12 which extends upwardly from the upper end of the core 10 is of a tubular shape Surrounding reservoir 26, which is open at its upper end and a passage opening 27 at its lower end having. Through the passage opening 27, water from the boiler 20 can enter the reservoir. From the reservoir

can water through the passage opening 14 (as in the In 1) enter the tube 12. The water entering the tube 12 evaporates; which Forming steam collects in the boiler 20 and pushes the water level down until it reaches equilibrium reached in the area of the feed hole 14

The inner kettle is effectively a closed kettle; when the water level is pushed by the vapor pressure downwards so excess water is pressed a buffer tank 28 down in K $. The buffer tank 28 has at its upper end an air seal 29 which prevents the water to be heated in the boiler 21 and the water circulating in the boiler 20 from mixing with one another.

When hot water is withdrawn from the outer boiler 21 and cold water enters the boiler, the steam condenses, which at the same time reduces the steam volume. In this case, water flows through the passage opening 27 in the reservoir 26 and through the entry hole 14 in the tube 12. The transit / r: \ passage opening 27 may be on the same level as the input '■ * enters hole 14 or above the entry ? * oshes 14 lie. The inflow properties depend on the relative positions of the inflow hole and the passage opening.

The reservoir 26 serves to reduce the fluctuations (vibrations) in the water level. This is done by that the flow of water into the core is made more even. The reservoir 26 is also used this in order to reduce the depth of the outer vessel 21 which is necessary below the feed hole 27. The inner kettle is initially filled with water from the outer kettle 21;

then the water levels in the two kettles are brought to the same level by pouring water over them allows an edge 30 of the buffer tank 28 to flow back into the outer vessel 21. After that there is no mixing of the water from the outer and inner kettle. If the water level inside the inner kettle 20 is, for example drops sharply by evaporation, the air seal 29 allows water to pass into the buffer tank 28 the edge 30 continues to flow.

An air passage in the form of a tube 31 is provided between the inner boiler 20 and the buffer tank 28, through which air can escape from the boiler 20. The amount of steam escaping through the tube is irrelevant.

There are several ways to control the temperature of the heated water. One possibility is shown in Fig. shown. Here again is a thermal storage core 10 with insulation 11 and a tube (or hollow plate) 12 provided. The tube extends upward in a vapor cap 40. The steam cap 40 protrudes over you outer tank 41. That part of the cap 40 that extends over the tank lies «is encased. The tube 12, which extends upward from the core 10, is surrounded by a reservoir 42, which contains an opening 43 and a second feed hole 44 which is arranged below the opening 43 is. A temperature-sensitive device 45 such as a wax capsule or one with an expansion liquid operated device closes the second supply hole 44 when the water temperature reaches a predetermined value. Closing the second feed hole 44 has the consequence that the water level outside the reservoir 42 rises. This prevents

Steam coming from the core fills the part of the cap 40 which is in the outer part of the water to be heated Tank 41 is surrounded. When the feed hole 44 is closed, the temperature sensitive device operates Further; however, the transfer of heat to the water in the outer tank 41 is negligible.

When the second feed hole 44 is open, water flows through the second feed hole 44 into the reservoir 42 and f4 then through the feed hole 14 into the core. Since the Water level in the cap drops as a result of the increasing volume of steam, becomes an equilibrium state like reached in the case described above, but the water level is now much lower, it is now warm transferred from the steam outside the reservoir 42 to the water in the outer tank 41. If that agreed Temperature is reached and the temperature-sensitive device 45 closes the second feed hole, so is prevents steam from filling the portion of the cap 40 which lies within the tank 41. The heat transfer area between the circulating water and the water to be heated within the tank 41 is reduced so that on this way the temperature of the water to be heated is regulated accordingly. When the water in the outer tank 41 falls below the predetermined value, the temperature-sensitive Device 45 open the second supply hole 44, whereby the heat transfer area increases will. The increase continues until the predetermined temperature is exceeded. That concludes heat-sensitive device 45 in turn the second feed hole 44, the heat transfer area is reduced again. So this is how the temperature control is of the water to be heated.

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In the in Fig. 3 dargesteli ^Λ -m- arrangement, a buffer tank 46 is provided, which is arranged separately from the heat exchanger and permits circulating water can be withdrawn and lags.

In Fig. 4, a second embodiment of a temperature control device is shown. A thermal storage core 10 is located within an insulation 11. It has a tube 12 which extends upwards to the upper one

(J? Part extends an insulating member 50 having the shape of an inverted cup. The insulating member 50 encloses a steam and Viasserraum 49. The thermal insulation, dia is formed by the insulating part 50 _v ensures that a transfer of heat from steam to water takes place only inside the insulating part 50. The boiler 51, which contains the water to be heated, is divided into two chambers. The first chamber 52 is enclosed by the insulating part 50 and is surrounded by a heat transfer surface. The second chamber 53 is located outside the insulating part 50. A temperature regulating valve 54, such as a wax capsule, is provided in an opening between the two chambers 52, 53 in the hot water area.

^ see. The valve 54 controls the flow of the water the opening 55 between the two chambers. The two chambers are freely connected to one another below the insulating part 50. When the water temperature in the second chamber Exceeds a predetermined value, then the valve 54 closes the opening 55 between the two chambers 52, Closing the opening 55 prevents hot water from the first chamber 52 from entering the second chamber got. The water and the steam in the water and steam room 49 quickly reach an equilibrium temperature at a high temperature of the water in the chamber 52, as a result of the Steam is the viasser level in the water and steam space 49, but below the viass inlet 56. Another heat

Transmission takes place as long as ηϊ ,, Λΐ until water is drawn off via an outlet 17 and the valve 54 opens as a result of the cold water flowing in via an inlet 16. The hotter water in the first chamber 52 can thereby diffuse upwards into the second chamber 53. The consequence of this is that the temperature of the water in the second chamber 53 increases accordingly. A buffer tank 58 ensures that circulating water continues to run in the reservoir 57 and fluctuations (oscillations) in the water level are reduced.

Further measures for regulating the temperature in the arrangements according to FIGS. 1 to 4 can consist in introducing compressed D.ift into the vapor space with the aid of a compressor. The introduction of the compressed air reduces the vapor pressure and thus the temperature. A thermostat immersed in the water to be heated can switch the air compressor on and off so that the temperature of the water to be heated falls or rises depending on whether the compressor is switched on or off To control central heating in buildings, a single compressor and air accumulator can be provided. The air accumulator stores the air and water thermostats supplied by the compressor in the air passage valves operated by heat exchangers in such a way that the air can be introduced into the steam room as required. It can also be air To be continuously or intermittently withdrawn from the steam room (this can be done, for example, by a thermostatically controlled vent). Opening and closing the air valves allows more or less air to enter the steam room , so that the temperature of the water to be heated accordingly the value displayed by the thermostat falls or increases,

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in some cases it can be useful * rlie Aufhei- =

tion of the water by using steam from S the steam and water space above the core through a snake immersed in a water tank. That can '* J be advantageous, for example, if the water is to be heated from two separate sources. In the case of building heating, those from a hot water system and from a central heating system can be a single thermal storage core with two separate heat exchanger systems can be used, with one system for the hot water source and the other for central heating.

Fig. 5 shows schematically a hot water generator for a building heating system, which consists of a hot water system and a central heating system.

A thermal storage core 10 is insulated 11 and is heated by electrical resistance heater 60. In the core 10 tubes 61 are embedded, which lead up to a steam collecting pipe 62. Of the Steam collecting pipe 62 is the heating coils 63, 64, which two heat exchangers for the heating water in the tanks 65, 66 form, steam supplied. A pipe 67 is connected to a pipe 69 and thereby connects the lower ends of the two heat exchanger coils 63, 64 with a buffer tank 68. The water level in the heat exchanger coils 63, 64 has a corresponding level in a supply reservoir 70, which via a line 71 with the steam collecting pipe 62 and is connected to the line 67 via a line 72.

As steam condenses in the heat exchange coils 63,64, the water level in the reservoir 70,14 rises it lies above the entrance to a feed pipe 73.

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In this case, water flows through pipe 73 and manifold pipes 74 into pipes 61. The steam generated in pipes 61 pushes the water level in heat exchange loops 63 and 64 and causes the via water level in reservoir 70 to drop. As a result, the water supply to the pipes 61 is interrupted. In this way, the water supply is regulated in such a way that the heat exchangers remain filled with steam up to the working level regardless of the load.

In order to heat a building, water is forced through the tank 65, which surrounds the heat exchange coil 63, with the aid of a pump (not shown). The temperature of the water flowing to the heating circuit can be reduced by opening a bypass valve 75 through which water can flow through an inlet pipe 76 directly from an inlet pipe 67 to a pipe 68 . Hot water can be drawn from the tank 66 surrounding the heat exchange coil 64 for domestic use. The tank 66 contains enough hot. Water to act as a buffer when, on the one hand, hot water is requested and, on the other hand, only a limited amount of heat is available from the storage core 10. A bypass valve 79 can be opened to lower the water temperature. This allows water to flow directly from an inlet tube 81 to an outlet 82 through a bypass tube.

Dip walls within the tank 66 ensure an internal circulation of the water, such that essentially the entire tank is heated. One of these baffles can be in the side areas of the tank. Another A pair of baffles 84 may be provided in the upper part of the tank 66. When the core 10 cools down and enough

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Steam is produced in the heat exchange coil 64 to fill, only the upper part of the water is heated. The baffles 84 provide in this case for an inner Circulation of water.

Air is drawn from the vapor space through a tube 85. However, air can also be extracted from the steam space of the heat source. exchangers are withdrawn.

The water can be additionally heated directly by heating elements 86, 87 in the tanks 65, 66. That Heating element 87 is located near the top of tank 66, but it could also be at the bottom of the heat exchange coil be arranged with a control thermostat near the top of the tank 66 would be provided.

The heat given off by the insulation from the core 10 to the atmosphere can be reduced: A large part of the heat generated can be used to heat the water by keeping the heat inside the isolation is extracted. This can be done with the aid of a pipe coil 90. On the pipe coil 90 a plate or plate chamber 91 can be arranged, which serves to improve the heat transfer to the pipe coil 90. Through the pipe coil can with the help a heat exchanger in the hot water tank of the building water will be sent to the water in the lower part to heat. In the arrangement shown, however, the coil in the insulation is used to generate steam, which is then passed through a tube 91 into the heat exchange coils 63r 64. The coil 90 is of a tube 92 which opens into the water reservoir at a point which is deeper than the mouth of the feed tube 73 lies. The coil in the insulation can therefore form the lower sections of the main heat exchanger

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heat. In the event that there is no load and the tanks 65 and 66 of the heat exchangers are fully heated, a water thermostat actuates a heating pump (not shown), whereby the heat absorbed by the pipe coil 90 is consumed by the heating ice connected to the tank 65 will. In general, the absorbed heat is used for normal heating purposes or to meet the needs of the building for hot water. Instead of providing a single connection to the steam room, it may be appropriate to provide two connections, one leading to the steam room and one leading to the water, so that the steam is prevented from rising in the form of bubbles in the water and being unpleasant Generates noises.

The control means described above can also be used here, specifically to control the temperature of the heater and to regulate the hot water available in the house.

The buffer tank 66 is filled via a float valve 93 and a connection to either the tank 66 (as shown) or to the tank 65. The buffer tank 68 is vented via a pipe 94, which can either be exposed to the atmosphere or which is connected to a pressure vessel, as a result of which venting only takes place at elevated temperatures.

The tubes 61 in FIG. 5 and the tubes 12 in the figures 1 to 4, are in close contact with the thermal storage core. Stainless steel tubes can be used, which are cast in iron blocks. The tubes can also be passages in the blocks, which consist of a Material such as chrome steel are cast.

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The storage medium can also consist of two materials, namely the material from which the tubes are cast and made of a material such as iron oxide or fire-resistant brick, which is placed between the tube blocks is arranged.

In the illustrated in Fig. 5 hot water boiler, the upper end which is "heat exchanger coil 64 in the hot water tank 66 is higher than" the upper end of the heat exchanger coil on the heating side. When the core did 10 its heat substantially 63 and only a small <■ ?.. can generate steam, the steam is preferably of the heat exchanger coil 64 eye performs the heating of water for the production of hot water for the building, preference is given in this case According to the heating side can be preferred, when the upper end of the heat exchanger coil - 63. When the tops of the heat exchanger coils are level, neither side has any benefit.

It is also understood that baffles can be used in the tank 65 in order to increase the water speed at the heat exchange surfaces and thus by the efficiency . to increase the degree of the heat exchanger.

A direct acting heating element can be used to act on the condensate below the steam chamber. As a result, during the time periods in which an operation of the thermal storage core is not desired, for the Buildings can produce hot water or operate the heating. Such a direct-acting heating element can by controlled by a float switch.

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Claims (1)

Protection claims · Boilers / for heating water, characterized by one via a connecting pipe (16; 22) to a water supply source to be connected steam and water space (15; 2o; 4o; 49; 7o) and through one of the steam and water space (15; 2o; 4o; 49; 7o) outgoing, introduced into a thermal storage core (1o). Through channel (12; 61), the one Has steam opening and a water supply hole (14; 44; 56), the water supply hole (14; 44; 56) below the steam opening is arranged. 2. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that there is the steam and water space (15; 2o; 4o; 49) pipes (17; 23) for Removing hot water are connected. 3. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized by the heat of the steam and / or the water in the steam and Water space (2o; 7o) to the heat exchanger (21; 24; 65; 66 .. 4 · Boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the "Heat exchanger (21,24) has a boiler, which the steam 701044221.11.74 and water space (2o) completely or partially surrounds. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that; that the heat exchanger (65,66) has a tank with a pipe coil ai which connects to the steam and water space (7o) is connected to the absorption of steam. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam and water space is formed by the interior of a cap (15) which has a water seal at its lower end. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the steam and water space (2o; 4o) a water reservoir (26 _? 42> is provided, which is formed by a vertical cylindir; ..hc: i container, the the lead-through channel (1 /./ completely or at least partially surrounds and that the reservoir (26, 42) extends up to a point above the feed hole (14). 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that in the wall of the reservoir (26, 42) an opening (27, 43) is provided, which the interior .as reservoirs (26,42) with the steam and water space (2o; 4o) connects, and that the reservoir (26,42) at the top against the steam area of the Dampfund Water space (2o; 4o) is open. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the steam and water space (2o; 4o) next to its lower end with a buffer tank. (28, 46) is connected. 1o. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through ventilation openings (25, 13) leading away from the steam and water space (2o; 4o). 7810442 2i. «. 74 • ft k « 11. Boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one of the steam and water space (2o; 4o) temperature-sensitive device (45) controlling water entering the reservoir (42). 12. Boiler according to claim 11, characterized in that that the temperature-sensitive device (45) is one below the mentioned opening (43) in the wall of the reservoir (42) opening (44) opens or closes. 13. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 1o, characterized through a heat exchanger with temperature sensitive means (54) which heated the flow Water from an area (52) in which the water is heated by the heat exchanger to an area (53) in which the water is only partially heated or not heated at all. 14. Boiler according to claim 13, dad "rch characterized in that the steam and water space of a closed one, the form an inverted cup having boiler (5o) is formed, which is isolated on its outside and in an outer, Water containing tank (51) is used, and that the temperature sensitive device (54) the opening of a Passage (55) on the top of the inverted cup shape having boiler (5o) opens or closes. 15. Boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through two separate heat exchangers, both of which are connected to the steam area of the steam and water room are. 16 · Boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that a each heat exchanger has a water tank ·. ·· (65, p 66) and a pipe coil (63,64) has that the pipe coils (63,64)> \ with the steam and water space (7o) connect: both sides 7Θ10442 2i.ii.74 are and. above the height of the water tank (65.66) extend. 7β1β4Α221.Κ74