DE69327589T3 - WATERPROOFING TRAIN - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a water-repellent material used to waterproof ponds, Lakes, lagoons or similar facilities is suitable through which Water retained is or in which waste is stored and the floor beneath it Water leakage or other liquid protected must become. The material can also be used in relation to water-retaining structures used to cover contaminated land, about flowing to prevent water from entering this contaminated country, and Lining trenches, separate the contaminated areas from clean areas. The material can also be used as roofing material on flat or pitched roofs become. There have been several materials in the past have been proposed, including a layer of swellable smectite such as montmorillonite and / or saponite, contained in the material is to act as the sealant. The montmorillonite will taken up by a base layer or underlay, which on different kinds Way has been created. A base layer serves as protection, also gives additional strength within the material.

European Patent No. 59 625 (CLEM) describes a water-repellent material, which is a laminate, which has a textile backing, with particles of montmorillonite stick to the pad and a scrim over the montmorillonite particles is attached to hold it on the surface.

In European patent application 246 311 (McGROARTY) a bottom sheet has a mat and montmorillonite, and one overlaid Path includes a pad and montmorillonite. The documents consist of solid nichtlüftendem and impermeable Plastic material so that a of the underlay a waterproof layer between the forms two layers of montmorillonite and so for a very good seal provides.

Building McGROARTY does, however several practical difficulties with it. First, the documents consist of a thick, impermeable and essentially massive plastic material, which is described in the description as HDPE is.

Second, the granules of montmorillonite stick not only on the surface, but also on each other.

Water-repellent materials of this Kind become ordinary delivered in rolls and must can be rolled up and placed around in the pond, lagoon or to come to the storage room. Because the backing is made of polyethylene high density, the McGROARTY material is less flexible, as if a textile fabric (non-woven or woven) as a base is used. That means the product is much more difficult is to be handled and that the Montmorillonite during of folding and unfolding is likely to break. Is further due to the nature of an HDPE plastic sheet, the adherence of montmorillonite on its surface not easy. To have to pretty big Amounts of very strong glue are used.

Another water-blocking material is described in British Patent No. 2 202 185 (NAUE), at a layer of montmorillonite between a pair of layers non-woven textile material is arranged and the two layers are united by needles, the needles through the montmorillonite layer round lead and combine all three layers. Again, the montmorillonite can be because it does not adhere to the layers, relative to the two layers move if the material during the Installation unfolds, folds and is handled by people, creating voids and / or more permeable thinner Areas remain in the montmorillonite layer.

There is another disadvantage that all of these known materials tend to use particulate montmorillonite which is 2-5 and usually about 3mm in size. Although finer material can be poured to fill gaps between the larger granules, these granules tend to make up the bulk of the montmorillonite layer in the water-repellent material. If the water-repellent material is relatively thin, for example, may contain only one or two layers of montmorillonite granules, problems with the connection with foreign bodies in the montmorillonite used can arise. In its natural state, montmorillonite is found along with slate and other contaminants. While the montmorillonite can be fairly heavily cleaned, it is not uncommon for a low percentage of shale particles to remain in the final screened and classified montmorillonite. An undesirable result of using relatively large granules of montmorillonite in the layer is that granules of contaminants can also be incorporated into the material. The chemical nature of shale and some other contaminants mean that not only are they not montmorillonite (and therefore do not swell on contact with water), but when wetted they block swelling in neighboring montmorillonite granules. A single grain of slate can form a small area (perhaps 10 mm in diameter) in a layer of water-repellent material that will not swell when it comes into contact with water. Small such areas are generally impermeable to water, but medium and large such areas allow water to pass through to the web. If the water pressure is high, this current can cause a significant washout of neighboring montmorillonite, which leads to failure of the sealing system. Although the percentage of contaminants is small and although the failure rate is low when a large area is sealed using sheet material containing such contaminants, it only takes a single leak to fail the entire system. A pond or lagoon that has a single leak is not a pond or a lagoon at all!

Particulate montmorillonite is also already mixed with different organic components, to form a thick putty (see U.S. Patent 4,534,925). typical Components are polypropene and polybutene. This material is in Forms of bars and sheets have been extruded, which are common be stored between layers of release paper. This material is used to seal ground foundations and similar structures Service. It is extruded so that it joins a carrier web will and in large Rolls to cover large ones surfaces can be used. Indeed it will with the polypropene and polybutene used, the purpose intentionally traces the extruded material a rubbery or malleable To give consistency that enables around small areas like chimneys, at junctions in Concrete slabs or wherever processes Penetrate foundations to be able to shape by hand. These materials are also quite expensive, so that their use in relation to large-area webs prohibits.

It is a goal of the present Invention to create a water-repellent material through which the disadvantages described above are reduced or minimized.

Calcium montmorillonite is often called a replacement for Sodium montmorillonite used. Calcium bentonite has been used the property that it when wetted for the first time, swell and concentrate on the same Way how sodium montmorillonite will expand. But should that be Dry out material, for example due to low rainfall or falling water level, calcium montmorillonite cannot with water loss back to its original Shrink size, without tearing. After tearing and when rewetting, the sound cannot be rewetted, to restore the water barrier. Therefore should a water-blocking calcium bentonite material is used only in cases wherever permanent moisture is encountered.

All montmorillonites containing sodium have a problem when the water that comes in contact with them is contaminated by salts, especially sea water, or others Salts that ionize the groundwater and make it extremely active. In the groundwater calcium is unchangeable in quantity from the soil and minerals. If such ionic Calcium comes into contact with montmorillonite, it tends to be invariable to convert the montmorillonite from the sodium to the calcium form, with the disadvantage outlined above.

This particular process leaves it in the general does not seem advisable to even put sodium montmorillonite in to use a situation where the groundwater through leaching solutions and The like. Can be ionized or contaminated quickly. In particular fertilizer are a particularly well-known cause of groundwater ionization and can cause sodium montmorillonite is broken.

It is another goal of the present the invention to provide an improved water-repellent material, by reducing or minimizing the disadvantages described above become.

In an essay entitled “Preparation of Montmorillonite - polyacrylates Intercalation Compounds and the Water Absorbing Property "by Ogawa et al., released in Clay Science No. 7, 243-251 (1989), the authors introduced an acrylamide into montmorillonite and polymerizing the acrylamide to form a polyacrylamide intercalation compound described. The improved water absorption properties of the connection are remarkable.

It is clear, of course, that the processes that run in the Ogawa essay are essentially laboratory processes involving small amounts of material involved. No manufacturing techniques are described of any useful Product, and there is no explanation the advantages of high density in such compounds as water-repellent Links.

US-A-5 021 094 describes a water-resistant injection composition, which can be formed by mixing smectite clay with a liquid which mainly consists of water until the clay particles are completely dispersed, which a thick, pasty Gives consistency.

The present invention provides a method for producing a water-repellent material, such as it is stated in claim 1.

Desirably, the one containing smectite Layer arranged between the support sheet and a cover sheet.

A reinforcement can be found in the middle of the Smectite-containing layer can be provided.

The reinforcement can be on the cover sheet and / or the supporting track are attached.

The laminate of the smectite layer and the runway can after unification are treated to cause the layer a degree of plasticity loses so that it can be handled and stored without one to experience further deformation.

Desirably, the smectite tone is mainly associated with Water mixed to form a pasty or putty-like plastic mass to form the extruded, rolled or otherwise into one continuous layer can be formed.

After molding, the layer subjected to a drying step to remove excess water and the smectite layer in a more dimensionally stable configuration to transform yourself during transport and storage are unlikely to deform further and, further, the swelling ability to increase the smectite in contact with water in use.

Additives that affect the behavior of the Smectite under certain prescribed conditions such as salt water or presence of strong washout solutions, radiation hydrocarbons or modify organic chemicals can be added in the mixing stage to take effect when the smectite is in use.

Combining the smectite containing Layer with the support sheet can be done by glue, which is desirable but no glue is used because the mixture of smectite (and other substance or other substances) is such that it is through Printing possible is to press the plastic mass into the spaces between the cover sheet (the desirably of textile nature) to physically unite the two. A similar Connection can be made between the layer and the cover sheet.

In addition to water, organic Materials such as methanol, ethanol and other alcohols, glycerin, Diesel and other oils and fats are used. These materials have the advantage of not being it is necessary to drive out as much water to swell it to increase the smectite layer, but have the disadvantages that they unite Need drying step so that Material no further deformation under its own weight while storage and transportation, and that many organic materials usually are far more expensive than water.

Alcohols, especially methyl alcohol, have special advantages, however. Although alcohols in general are expensive, they are common also much more volatile than water. Thus, a plastic mass that can be used of methyl alcohol is made after it becomes a cohesive continuous layer has been molded using far less heat than would be necessary to get the water out of a similar Expelling mass. additionally however, the expelled alcohol can be condensed and reused be what outweighs the cost of the same.

The montmorillonite mesh size can anywhere between 50 mesh or less, desirably the size, however with a maximum of 100. In practice, a mesh size of 200 turned out to be useful, although downward variations about sieve number 100 work, but with less desirable ones Qualities. Finer meshes are perfectly acceptable, but tend to unnecessary to be. The smectite that is used is desirably sodium montmorillonite, although calcium montmorillonite (modified by treatment with Sodium hydroxide) can be used. Montmorillonite is commonly used while of mixing considerably reduced to micro sizes, whereby the initial grain size is not is critical.

The textile materials used as and / or cover layer can be used, conventional woven or non-woven Textiles such as nylon or polypropylene or polyester. they should nichtbelüftend be (that is they shouldn't be gas or liquid along the Allow structure to use to any appreciable degree). The textile materials are desirably woven, and that level of non-ventilation can be achieved by ensuring will that Textile material is relatively open-meshed and fairly thin, being a considerable Part of it in the outer layer embedded in the montmorillonite layer and physically with it is united.

A device for producing a such water-repellent material comprises a conveyor, a device for Respectively of a carrier to the sponsor, a device for applying a plastic, containing smectite Mass on the carrier and a device for shaping the plastic mass into a uniform, continuous layer.

A device can be provided be for classifying the laminate in thickness and in width.

Desirably, the device has a Device for conditioning the laminate after molding, to make it stable in use and storage. This facility may include an oven for evaporating substances from the laminate.

A device for feeding the plastic mass to the conveyor can have one or more nozzles and / or have an extrusion head.

A facility can be provided be to feed a cover sheet to a surface the layer away from the runway.

A device can also be provided be to feed a reinforcement, to embed it in the smectite-containing layer.

A device can be provided its to unite the reinforcement with the cover sheet and / or the supporting sheet, for example by heat sealing.

Water-repellent material according to the invention can, for example, ver as roofing material be used or to make a seal for a pipe or other installation fittings.

The smectite mixture can be in shape a sealing ring or a circular ring can be formed as a continuous piece be designed to wrap around joints. The sealing material can by the aforementioned methods of deforming a plastic Mass and extruding, cutting or molding the same getting produced.

Acrylate or polyacrylate compounds can desirably the liquid added to mix with the clay.

The acrylate can 9 have the formula shown. Although the sodium salt of polyacrylate is shown, other cationic forms can be used. In the sodium cation form, the acrylate can replace the sodium cations that normally cover the outer layers of the smectite platelets.

The acrylate polymer can be used in various ways desired Materials are endowed with various properties of the clay to change.

A special dopant is Glycerol. Introducing the glycerol can increase the flexibility of the clay increase so that a Piece of Tones can be easily bent without breaking.

Methanol can also be introduced as mentioned above. It is a useful material for increasing flexibility and for Reduce the stiffness of the mixture so that it aids in processing it.

Another problem with smectite clay, when used as a water-repellent material in that its Function is very dependent on the amount of montmorillonite used. To the Example if a body from a montmorillonite is clamped between two surfaces, such as for example the concrete of a building and the floor, it swells when touched through water and forms the aforementioned high pressure layer, which the Water entering the building prevented and therefore makes it effectively waterproof. To increase The water-blocking effect of the clay body can result in larger amounts of montmorillonite be used. Big amount of on montmorillonite, however, mean thicker sheets of material that are more difficult to handle and are heavier, so they have higher transportation costs cause and are bulky. In webs that are mostly made up of particulate Montmorillonite, there can be considerable difficulty a big Amount to get into a small area. Web material used for Waterproofing in a floor situation or for roofs, walls and. Like. Is used tends to have relatively low densities. That is why the case because they generally consist of particulate montmorillonite, which adheres to a carrier track, which is made of plastic or a textile material, and by a variety of activities attached, ranging from glue to needling and sewing, or by embedding it in a network of fibers.

The invention provides a water-blocking smectite clay material that has a density of more than 1000 kg. m ^-3 .

The water-repellent material can a web with a width of at least one meter and desirably up to to be 4 meters wide or more.

The material is then used as desired Pressure applied. Such a pressure step can reduce the number of voids in the Reduce product as well as compress the product's molecules closer together to produce a denser product.

The pressure can be by extrusion or by passing the material to be molded between rollers or be exercised by any other suitable measure.

If the product with a print as previously described, it is desirable that the pressure exercised when the temperature is within the range of 15 ° to 30 ° C.

Another disadvantage of existing ones water-repellent materials based on smectite is that they are Exposure to water tends to swell (that is exactly Factor that gives them their waterproofing properties, because they create an area of such high pressure that additional water cannot penetrate). However, the pressures tend to being very high and therefore is a very considerable overlay with either a heavy layer of earth (e.g. one to two meters) or with up to 76 mm (3 '') or more concrete necessary so that the expansion pressure of the smectite does not move or Can cause displacement of any structure.

The invention creates a water barrier Material that is considerable has reduced expansion pressure compared to known water-repellent Smectite-based material.

The expansion pressure can be so low be like 10 mm of concrete as it was done in the test that continues is described below.

Preferred embodiments of the material according to the invention create a barrier against aggressive ionic Fluid, the barrier being in the form of a clamped layer the material and with intermediate layers of smectite with acrylate or polyacrylate or comparable substances have been treated are.

The intermediate layers are then able to absorb water to cause the material to swell to a barrier pressure, while the acrylate or polyacrylate exchanges ions between the fluid and blocked the smectite.

The fluid will normally be aqueous and can be an extremely ionized Be fluid such as a washout solution or a fluid containing one fertilizer u. The like. However, the barrier can equally against organic liquids or against liquids, which contain organic material, be effective because of the smectite interlayers remain safe against ion exchange with such a liquid.

The smectite layers must be clamped so that the barrier pressure can be achieved. The fixation can be a replenishment or an overlay of earth or other material or in a solid structure Adjacent or surrounding area of concrete or the like can be used become.

Another problem with known ones Water-blocking materials based on smectite are that it is very has been difficult to waterproof them on surfaces Fasten. A plane or a gradually inclined surface can can be easily waterproofed by simply making a sheet of the smectite material on top of it, however, if vertical surfaces (such as neighboring ones margins concrete slabs), it is necessary to somehow attach a smectite-based strip to it. Existing methods that have been used have been provided of folds into which strips of sealing material are pressed can, and the use of staples or nails. Although nails can be used however, they tend to be exposed if they are waterproof Pierce layer and they can Introduce metal ions into the surrounding water, which is a disadvantage Can have an effect. Because of the generally non-cohesive nature of clays and their crumbling adhesives have not been very effective. There are some heavy ones absorbent adhesives have been used, particularly the type of adhesive, as used in gluing the smectite particles to the sheets becomes. However, these adhesives have a strong tendency to swell properties block the sound and react adversely.

Preferred embodiments of the material according to the invention can be easily attached to a surface, by using an adhesive that is compatible with the acrylate or polyacrylate component is compatible, such as a cyanoacrylate adhesive.

The invention is exemplary with reference to the attached Drawings further described in which:

1 Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a preferred water-repellent material according to the invention;

2 Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a surface of a preferred material according to the invention;

3 Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating the device according to the invention suitable for carrying out a preferred method according to the invention;

4 a plan view of a part of the device 3 and illustrates two possible variations;

5 a view similar to that in 1 is, but illustrates a modified material according to the invention;

6 a view similar to that in 5 is, but illustrates yet another modified material;

7 illustrates an overlap joint made using the material of the invention;

8th an enlarged view of the in 7 part encircled and marked with the reference number X; and

9 is a chemical formula illustrating the structure of an acrylate usable in the invention.

According to 1 is the preferred water-repellent material ( 10 ) according to the invention a laminate consisting of a core layer ( 11 ) that contains montmorillonite. The core layer ( 11 ) is with a carrier track ( 12 ) and is desirably, but not necessarily, by a cover sheet ( 13 ) superimposed.

The main characteristics of the material ( 10 ) according to the invention will probably best be understood from a detailed description of the manner in which it is manufactured and the device used to manufacture it.

In 3 , to which reference is therefore made, it can be seen that a preferred device according to the invention comprises a conveyor ( 15 ) that has an upper run ( 16 ) and a lower run ( 17 ) that has end rollers ( 18 ) and ( 19 ) are sheared. The upper run ( 16 ) moves in 3 left to right.

At the upstream end of the run ( 16 ) becomes a carrier track ( 20 ) from a supply roll ( 21 ) by a guide roller ( 22 ) fed so that they are on and in synchronism with the conveyor ( 16 ) running.

The Tragbahn ( 20 ) is a web of woven or non-woven (preferably woven) textile material that is woven relatively loosely and is quite porous in a direction transverse to its plane.

The track that forms the support track can be made from any geotextile material that is suitable for long term storage in the ground. Typical materials for weaving or forming the textile material of the web ( 20 ) can be polypropylene, polyester including nylon and many other plastic materials alone or in mixtures. The material should be sufficiently stable to support the composite laminate to be formed, and may be a similar number of cover sheets used in conjunction with the known materials discussed in the introduction to this description. Polypropylene and cotton mixers can also be used. A typical carrier and / or cover sheet can be of a print weave and weigh 700 g per square meter.

There is a hopper mixer downstream of the supply roll ( 23 ) in which particulate montmorillonite can be added, as indicated by the arrow ( 24 ) is specified. The particulate montmorillonite can be fed from a mill or similar supply source and, in the preferred embodiment, is 200 mesh. A finer screen number can be used, although great advantages are not achieved. Meshes up to 50 mesh can be used, but for sizes larger than 100 mesh, the union between the montmorillonite particles becomes less effective.

The process in the hopper mixer ( 23 ) takes place, can be either a continuous process or a batch process. In the funnel mixer ( 23 ) a measured amount of montmorillonite is mixed with a measured amount of liquid to produce a flowable mass. The liquid can be obtained from a tank or comparable stock ( 25 ) and, when mixed with the montmorillonite, will form a moldable mass. The liquid used can comprise organic liquid such as glycerin, diesel oil or comparable oils or mixtures thereof. For reasons of economy and to simplify handling and simplicity, the liquid is mainly water. In the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention the water is mixed with the montmorillonite, with about 10 to 30% water, desirably about 15 to 20% being present.

The liquid can also be a fraction contain alcohol. Methyl, ethyl or propyl alcohol can be used. Methyl is preferred. An alcohol / water mixture requires less drying energy than water alone. Some alcohol can be recovered and reused become.

When making a typical Product according to the invention were 5 kilograms of montmorillonite with 0.446 kilograms of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 2.5 liters of methanol and 1.8 liters of water mixed. Either the CMC as well as the methanol make the mixed and kneaded Product more flexible and extrudable. The more water is used the more warmth is required to drive it out. That means additional Costs.

The above special blends have proven to be suitable, but many variations can be made.

The material desirably contains a volume average, a antifungal protective agent to prevent mold from growing in or to prevent the material, and desirably a lubricant to it in the extrusion process too support and also to give the plastic mass a degree of flexibility. CMC is a very desirable one Substance because it has all of these properties. It has antifungal agents Properties, is a lubricant and makes the product more flexible. She also has the big one Advantage that they dissolves in contact with water in use. From those areas the outer surface of the material, the first in contact with water the CMC is removed so that micropores remain, into which more water can penetrate, which more CMC wash out and cause a rapid expansion of the neighboring montmorillonite can. This will inject the rate of water the material increased very much. A volume average that is in water dissolves and assists water ingress to the montmorillonite very welcome.

The montmorillonite used is desirably sodium montmorillonite, but calcium montmorillonite or treated calcium montmorillonite and other smectites can also be used. As shown, the materials are first blended with a mixer ( 27 ) mixed and then by snails ( 28 ) to an extrusion nozzle ( 29 ) extruded, where the flowable mass is spread out as a thin layer covering the entire width of the conveyor strand ( 16 ) covered.

If reinforcement is required within the montmorillonite layer so that it can be placed on steep slopes without losing its function, it may be desirable to incorporate a reinforcement layer into the plastic mass. This can be done by embedding the reinforcement layer in the mass when it is extruded or when it is spread out into a layer. The reinforcement layer can be made in the form of a core which has bristles or similar formations which extend outwards and which, when the core is arranged centrally in the montmorillonite body, extend to and touch the surface thereof and possibly through it Protrude surface layers. The reinforcement material and surface layers can be selected so that the exposed bristles can be heat sealed to contact and attach to the outer layers. It is conceivable that it would be possible for the montmorillonite mass to extrude or to form two Bah NEN is formed and that the reinforcement is introduced between them and with their bristles protrude through each of the two sub-layers of the montmorillonite core and protrude to the other surfaces thereof and can be combined with the support / cover sheets.

While extrusion of a thin layer of plastic mass containing montmorillonite is desirable because it can be 3 or more meters wide, a three meter wide extrusion die could be either expensive, slow, or require excessive amounts of energy , in order to be successful. Such an extrusion die ( 29 ) is in 3 shown, which also shows an alternative, which is described below.

It is expected that the crowd is extruded and rolled flat as a bar.

Downstream of the nozzle ( 29 ) the layer ( 30 ) leveled from a plastic mass containing montmorillonite and formed into a uniform, uninterrupted layer. This can be done using an initial doctor blade ( 31 ) or, more likely, with a roller followed by classifying rollers ( 32 ) to ( 34 ) can be achieved. The pairs of classifying rollers ( 32 ), ( 33 ), ( 34 ) can cause the kneading and leveling of the fluid material and subsequent size / thickness reductions.

4 shows one of the rollers and shows that extruded out over the edge of the conveyor and by trim knives ( 36 ) removed material.

In one of the groups of rollers ( 32 ), ( 33 ), ( 34 ) one becomes from a cover sheet ( 37 ) existing web from a supply roll ( 38 ) fed out. Of course, the application of the cover sheet ( 37 ) up to the roller ( 34 ) when the roller ( 32 ) or ( 33 ) and ( 34 ) are required for the production of a uniform, planar layer of the mass containing montmorillonite. However, this is not desirable because the rollers ( 32 ) and ( 33 ) best before the plastic montmorillonite layer through the cover sheet ( 37 ) to be protected.

The liquid that transforms the powdered montmorillonite into a plastic, flowable mass requires, to a certain degree, subsequent treatment, e.g. B. by evaporation, drying or partial chemical change, so that it is ensured that the final material can not deform during operation or storage. This can be achieved with the help of a treatment system, which is identified by the reference number ( 39 ) is indicated.

In the device shown, the treatment device ( 39 ) the shape of an oven that will reduce the solvent and water content of the layer containing montmorillonite from 20% down to 5% or less. Hot air is drawn in at an inlet ( 41 ) fed and exits via an outlet ( 42 ) out.

After leaving the treatment facility ( 39 ) the laminate can be allowed to cool and then it can go to a storage roller ( 44 ) are promoted. A knife or the like can be provided for cutting the laminate when it leaves the oven and when the roll ( 44 ) is full.

The initial consistency of the plastic / flowable mass, which contains montmorillonite, can vary widely from almost a liquid state to one stiff paste. The stiffer the paste, the better water needs to be driven out through the furnace.

The initial consistency of the plastic / flowable mass, which contains montmorillonite, can vary widely from almost a liquid state to one stiff paste. The stiffer the paste, the better because it is water must be driven out by passing through the furnace.

As mentioned above, the use of a very wide extrusion die ( 29 ) not practical in view of the energy required for such a device. Instead, as shown in 4 a smaller extrusion or liquid feed nozzle ( 45 ) can be used, which can be attached so that it has an overall sinusoidal path transverse to the direction of movement of the run ( 17 ) of the volume ( 15 ) executes. The nozzle ( 45 ) can thus follow a path through the line ( 46 ) is shown. By changing the speed of movement of the nozzle and / or the throughput of the flowable material, it can be ensured that sufficient material is applied to the belt to allow a layer of the desired thickness to be provided in the entire area of the belt without voids, cracks and the like ., which would be the most undesirable. For this purpose it is advantageous if the material can be applied with a certain considerable excess and, after it has been formed into a uniform, coherent layer, excess material which is extruded sideways is trimmed or the like by means of trim knives . ( 36 ) away. Of course, this material can be recovered and reused.

It has been mentioned that the support sheet and / or the cover sheet can be made of woven or non-woven material. Woven material is preferred because there is considerable strength with lower weight of the materials. However, a nonwoven material could have an advantage in that it is a physical unit with the montmorillonite containing core ( 11 ) can form. The term core ( 11 ) is used, although the cover sheet ( 13 ) need not be provided.

In the 2 and 8th is best seen that the effect of the rollers ( 32 ), ( 33 ) and ( 34 ) is to cause the carrier / cover sheets ( 12 ), ( 13 ) partly in surface zones of the plastic mass of the core ( 11 ) forming material are embedded while the core is in a plastic state is. There is no need for any adhesive that is an expensive and unreliable component.

If the core in the facility ( 39 ) is treated, either by vapor deposition or chemically, so as to cause the core to harden, there is a physical locking of the surface parts of the core ( 11 ) with parts of the textile materials ( 12 ), ( 13 ), which they physically combine with the surface without the need for an adhesive. This has two important consequences.

First, because a good part of the trains ( 12 ) and ( 13 ) is embedded in the material of the core, only a small part of the body of the textile material is exposed above the surface. In use, this fabric surface will be in contact either with an anchoring overlying layer (at least 150 mm of overlying material is recommended to protect these layers) or with the underlying earth. The overlying layers or the earth penetrates the textile material fairly easily (it is a very open textile material and there is intimate contact both with the overlying layers and with the underlying earth). This in turn has two important consequences. First, if the base course ( 12 ) (which will normally be in contact with the underlying earth) in intimate contact with the groundwater penetrates, touches and causes the montmorillonite to swell, creating a seal.

It is a further advantage that due to the intimate contact of the underlying soil or the overlying layers with the montmorillonite through the base and cover layers ( 12 ), ( 13 ) there is no possibility that either the cover sheet ( 13 ) or the runway ( 12 ) allow any venting of gas laterally through the fabric.

The second advantage of this is in the 7 and 8th shown. In 7 is a first piece ( 47 ) of the material according to the invention shown that a lower piece ( 48 ) overlaps, both lying on the floor. The overlap membrane ( 50 ) the second lane ( 48 ) is in contact with the tramway ( 51 ) of the piece ( 47 ). As shown in 8th are the tracks ( 50 ) and ( 51 ) in intimate contact, and they are considerably penetrated by montmorillonite from the cores of the two plates. When water enters in the direction of an arrow ( 52 ) or ( 53 ) the montmorillonite can swell in one or each of the cores and into the unfilled parts of the textile materials ( 50 ), ( 51 ) expand into it and effectively form a continuous layer of expanded montmorillonite, which unites the two cores and creates a completely watertight seal.

The invention is limited not on the precise Details of the foregoing, but variations are possible the same are made.

In a further particular example of the invention, an amount of untreated sodium montmorillonite and approximately 10% by weight of a polyacrylate of the type shown in 12 shown formula, 2% to 7% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 14% methanol and 5% glycerol intimately mixed. Kneading and mixing continued until the mixture reached a consistency suitable for extrusion. This can take longer than would normally be required for simple mixing because the chemical reaction between the acrylate and the structural plates of the clay takes some time to take place. The heat emitted by this reaction is an important factor in giving the plastic mass a suitable consistency and structure.

After that is done, the Mixture passed to an extruder where it goes to an extrusion screw is driven and a suction level is applied to the essential all entrained Remove gas from it before it is in the form of a rope, profile or a web, extruded as needed.

The montmorillonite used in the process is finely ground, and the cations in the intermediate layer are essentially sodium cations.

While the reaction is acrylated, and the long organic Chains of the polyacrylate penetrate into the intermediate layers and repress the water. The polyacrylate bonds to the particle surfaces with strong hydrogen bonds to the free unsaturated OH groups. This effectively shields the sodium cations, so that you their exchange by calcium cations in contaminated groundwater strongly oppose.

This has the important effect that everyone Cations that penetrate the interlayer, sodium cations cannot replace and thus the capacity of the sound to expand, shrink and expand again do not reduce drying out.

Instead of practicing the invention using of acrylate can other materials are used. For example, sugar such as fructose, glucose, dextrose can be used. All act on very similar Way on the acrylic molecule one and have comparable and similar ones Effects. However, using sugar may be undesirable in some circumstances, because it promotes microbial growth.

Another alternative material is alkylammonium trimethylalkylammonium that by the way can be used, which is very similar to the polyacrylic compound, a similar one Complex with similar Properties.

In another example of producing a water-blocking smectite clay material according to the invention, sodium montmorillonite powder was mixed with polyacrylate, glycerol and methanol. The mass was mixed together for about 15 minutes and then extruded through a 25 mm square opening at a throughput of about 0.5 meters per second to produce a rope-like concrete sealing strip having a density of about 1350 kg m ^-3 Has.

The actual density may vary by varying the proportion of materials in the complex.

The water-repellent material can can be produced without polyacrylate is used. About that furthermore it is possible CMC either additionally to use the acrylate or as a replacement for the same. The CMC can be useful when changing the speed of reaction of the sound, but it also has a property forming a layer on the surface of the extruded material, which improves the life of the sealing material, by getting worse and swelling from rain while some first hours or days.

When testing the aforementioned material According to the present invention, a layer has been made from a conventional one water-repellent web made of particulate smectite clay on the Laid floor and with usual Contacted water that has a high ionic content Had leaching chemicals. After six hours the bentonite layer had the liquid absorbed and was swollen to a uniform hydrated To form layer.

A material according to the invention was treated the same and had the exact same within six hours Condition reached.

The two webs were then left to dry allowed. In the complex soundtrack according to the invention, the Track reduced in thickness to its original thickness without that noteworthy Tear occurred. In the prior art without treatment of the particulate clay layer web there was considerable Tear, and there were great ones Gaps in the material. Both webs were then wetted again (whereby it made no difference whether it was pure water or contaminated Leachate was used). The well-known material in the clear Sodium montmorillonite has been converted to calcium montmorillonite there was no significant re-swelling. The cracks remained and water was able to penetrate through these cracks, even after longer continuous soaking with water, which is why in an underground situation would come. The known material was no longer waterproof and formed even no waterproof layer due to expansion.

However, the material formed according to the present invention a uniform water-repellent layer.

Montmorillonite, saponite and other smectites can be used equally. When performing other preferred processes, the percentages of the various materials used can be varied as follows:

Claims (10)

A method of making a water-blocking material, including mixing particulate smectite clay with a liquid, at least a portion of which is water, kneading the mixture to form a substantially homogeneous plastic mass, shaping the mass into a continuous layer ( 11 ; 30 ) by extrusion, rolling or another measure, combining them with a carrier web ( 12 ; 20 ; 51 ) and subjecting them to a drying step by passing them through an oven ( 39 ) is passed through to remove liquid by evaporation from the layer. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the liquid is an alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. The method of claim 2, wherein the alcohol is methanol, Is ethanol or propanol. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid Contains acrylate or polyacrylate. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid Contains glycerol or glycerin. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid contains a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) compound. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the smectite-containing layer ( 11 ; 30 ) between the carrier web ( 12 ; 20 ; 51 ) and a cover sheet ( 13 ; 37 ; 50 ) is arranged. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a reinforcement is provided in the smectite-containing layer. The method of claim 8, wherein the reinforcement on the cover sheet ( 13 ; 37 ; 50 ) and / or on the carrier web ( 12 ; 20 ; 51 ) is attached. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the smectite layer ( 11 ; 30 ) and the carrier web ( 12 ; 20 ; 51 ) treated after unification to cause the layer to lose some plasticity so that it can be handled and stored without being significantly deformed.