DE4326115A1 - Profile seal for windows, and process and apparatus for fitting it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a sealing system which makes it possible to produce, and lay, all the seals on the window, in particular in the case of combined aluminium/wood windows consisting of roll material, directly on the window. The corner configuration is carried out by corresponding mitre and relief cuts, to be precise using a tool which is positioned in the corners of the frame (11, 12) in order to ensure an accurate cut. A description is given of a seal (16, 68, 77) which may consist of a two-component material which consists, in particular in the region of the fastening and base webs (18, 22, 25, 26, 69, 73) of solid material and, in the region of the sealing webs (17, 74, 74a), of a cellular or foam material with a closed-formation surface. Said sealing profile is produced integrally from the same basic material. <IMAGE>

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for attaching a Profile seal with fastening webs, as well as cover and Sealing webs on a window, in particular on one combined wood / metal window. Furthermore concerns the Erfin a device for attaching this profile seal as well as a new profile seal for windows.

State of the art

Previous profile seals for windows consisted of rubber or rubber-like plastic materials. Your attachment, especially on combined wood-metal window frames difficult and usually required preparatory work, which in special workshops had to be carried out. So were  for example the seals between the wooden frame and the this covering aluminum frame in special work sites prefabricated by placing the frame there accordingly miter-cut individual pieces fit exactly were vulcanized. The window manufacturer always had to do this order in advance. Then a window had to be changed or if he had given a measure incorrectly, he had to get a new one Have the seal made and came with the completion of the Window in arrears.

Known seals, including glass seals, were also used in part because of the sealing play to be bridged by them space that is within the tolerance of the glass pane or the frame find was low if the seal itself made one had sufficient strength to tidy in the frame to be able to be fitted. Therefore, "wet" Sealing methods used in which the glass panes with were sealed with a pasty sealant. This but requires more time and is at an even actual replacement of the glass pane very considerably mon more time-consuming.

The object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and method, device and seal to improve or to create that the assembly with improved sealing effect can be simplified.

Task and solution

This problem is solved by a method; where the Seal along a straight side of the frame with fastening webs is pressed into corresponding grooves by means of one attached to and guided by the frame  Miter or relief cuts and with its fastening bars in the corners and in the grooves on the following side of the frame are pressed in.

Preferably, the miters can be attached can be glued if, for example, EPDM rubber (type of polymer Ethylene-propylene-diene) is used, or when used thermoplastic materials are welded. This can for example, a hand welding gun can be used. Here it is therefore possible to remove the profile seal from the roll use, i.e. cut to length and unassembled, and on Adapt location and location to the circumstances. Requires the cutting hardly any more work than inserting a finished assembled seal, and also the gluing can be done with an adhesive suitable for the appropriate material respectively. The dependency of the Window manufacturer of a separate manufacture of the seal frame. The cut of the miter and relief is cut so that an uncut central area, if possible a base bridge, the neutral fiber for the bend forms, d. H. remains without significant stretching and compression. If, as with a frame seal, the Web extends along this neutral axis, then lets perform a sharp bend. The fasteners jetties are cut through by the relief cuts, so that they do not need to stretch and also fit well into the Fit corners. The miter is mainly in the Area of the sealing lip pointing towards the casement and in bonding can also take place in this area. The approximately right-angled V-shaped miter cut ends with his Point in front of the uncut middle section.

With an outer glass seal, the base web is on the right Angle to the "neutral axis", here too the Miter in the area of the abutting against the glass pane  Cut sealing lip, but does not necessarily have to be glued here because a further sealing area is provided on the inside.

An aluminum frame seal is particularly advantageous a fastener in the area of the outer surface of the wooden frame has jetty, the z. B. by a hollow chamber, deformable is. Here the seal can already be on the wooden frame be attached before the aluminum frame is put on. This is much easier to do than if the Frame would already be attached. If after that the blend frame is attached, it presses against the outer Fastening bridge, preferably with a profile projection. He can the hollow chamber provided in the fastening web press in a little while at the same time with a cover lip over the corresponding web of the aluminum frame and thus forms a trailing edge while the profile projection in Interaction with the deformable outer fastening web a positive lock for the window frame seal forms.

The invention also provides a device which is also used for Implementation of the method is suitable. By cutting tool with V-shaped knives for a can cut and at least one straight knife for Ent The seals can be load-cut in place be tailored to fit, the device with Contact areas is created in the frame corners and thus the already partially inserted seal cuts exactly. At the device, either with a knife carriage or can be designed as pliers, a hold-down device be provided, which ensures that the seal up to remains at a certain point on the frame and only from there runs to the cutting tool. This avoids cutting inaccuracies with different profile profiles towards the frame.  

The invention also provides a profile seal for Windows created, the fastening and sealing webs having. It consists of a two-component material different material properties in different Profile cross-sectional areas. It is at least in the area the sealing webs the material of the profile seal Cell material similar to a closed cell foam, preferably with a completely closed outer skin, while in Area of the fastening bars full material of the same Material composition can be used. This manuf profiles with different material structures for the rest but the same composition is z. B. in EPDM Material possible. It is a rubbery one Plastic based on ethylene propylene diene. The Vollmate rial can have a Shore hardness of approx. 70, while the hardness of the corresponding cell material in the sealant rich is much lower. This makes it possible to have a To create seal that in their attachment areas so has a lot of grip and rigidity, making it light and safe can be attached, but in the sealing area at high Resilience has so much compliance that it too can bridge larger tolerances. This also makes it easier Training assembly on the object because the gasket rich around the corners and not injured needs to be so that the seal is guaranteed although miter and / or relief cuts were made. This preferred material can be used as a glass exterior or interior gasket can be used, but also as a sash tung.

So a sealing system is created that makes it possible light, all seals that appear on the window, especially for combined aluminum-wooden windows, made of roll material Manufacture and install directly at the window. The corner education can be achieved through appropriate miter and relief  cuts are made with a tool that positioned in the corners of the frame for one ensures a perfect fit. It also becomes a seal created, which consists of a two-component material especially in the area of the fastening and base bars made of solid material and in the area of the sealing webs from one Cell or foam material with a closed surface consists. This sealing profile is on the same basis material integrally manufactured.

These and other features go beyond the claims also from the description and the drawings, wherein the individual features individually or separately several in the form of sub-combinations in one execution tion form of the invention and realized in other fields his and advantageous as well as protectable execution can represent conditions for which protection is claimed here. An embodiment of the invention is in the drawings shown and is explained in more detail below.

Brief drawing description

The drawings show:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic section through a window frame with matching casement and Verblen dung by aluminum profiles,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged section through a sealing frame,

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional representation of the sealing profile according to FIG. 2, approximately in original size, and before installation,

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional blinded by an outer glass seal to an aluminum sash window,

Fig. 5 shows a device for cutting the sealing profile according to FIG. 2, 3,

Fig. 6 shows a device for cutting a sealing profile according to Fig. 4 and

Fig. 7 shows a cross section through an inner glass seal in the profile cross section.

Description of exemplary embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a combined wood-aluminum window, in which both the wooden window frame 11 and the wood casement frame 12 is clad with corresponding aluminum profiles 13 , 14 to the outside. The outer frame 11 has on its interior side a step 15 against which a wing seal 16 seals with a hollow sealing web 17 . A fastening web 18 provided with a barb-like holding web engages in a groove 19 in the casement 12 , which is closed by a covering web 20 .

The window gap 21 between the outer frame 11 and sash 12 is closed to the outside by a frame seal 22 ver, which is fixed to the outer frame 12 . This in particular from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 blind frame seal 22 has a on the reveal edge 23 of the outer frame along the base web 24 which on its side facing the outer frame 11 at a large distance from each other, that is almost at its ends, two Fastening webs 25 , 26 has.

The fastening web 25 engages in a groove 27 in the outer frame 11 and is fixed there by means of a barb-like holding web 28 . In Fig. 2 the adjacent parts of the frame are shown, but the seal largely in the undeformed state. The installation state can be seen from Fig. 1.

The fastening web 26 lies with its ribbed inner surface 30 on the outer surface of the wooden outer frame 11 . As a result of the curvature of the base web 24, which can be seen from FIG. 3, in the non-installed state, the glare frame seal 22 clamps onto the frame 11 . A recess 31 on the underside of the base web also contributes to this, which ensures a preferred support in the region of the base web bordering the fastening webs 25 , 26 .

At both ends of the base web there are cover webs 32 , 33 , one of which covers the groove 27 and which extends towards the outside via a profile web 34 of the aluminum frame 13 .

The frame 13 has a three-part box profile, in which the two upper boxes are open to the frame side, while the lower box is open at the bottom. Drainage openings (not shown) are provided in the profile between the individual boxes.

The window frame seal 22 further includes, starting from the inner top of the base web 24 , a sealing web 35 , which rests like a lip seal on the outside 36 of the wooden casement and water over the base web in the upper profile interior 37 of the aluminum -Blend frame derives.

Fig. 5 shows a tool 40 which is provided for attaching the frame seal 22 to the frame 11 . This tool has a base 54 , which has formed on its underside contact surfaces 41 . With these he is to be positioned on the reveal edge 23 of the frame 11 in the corner 55 of this frame, the contact surfaces 41 projecting downward from the base body 54 , so that the underside 56 of the base body rests on the outer surface 29 of the frame.

The base body 54 contains on its upper side a groove 27 a, which corresponds to the groove 27 in the frame 11 to the extent that the fastening web 25 of the frame seal 22 is included therein, but can also be easily removed again. Also a surface 29 corresponding surface 29 a is provided in order to be able to position the frame seal in accordance with its later installation conditions on the base body 54 .

The sealing web 35 bears against a surface 57 which securely supports it in its installed position. In this area, a V-shaped cutout 58 is provided, which forms a counter cut surface (anvil). In the base body there is also a gap 59 , which is made perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the window frame seal and is also provided as a counter-cut surface.

A slide 43 is attached to the base body 54 on column guides 60 and can be moved manually, possibly against a spring force, to the base body and displaced away from it. Knives are provided in the slide, namely a knife 46 that fits perpendicularly to the frame seal guide 61 and the knife 46 that fits into the slot 59, and two knives 47 that are arranged in a V-shape relative to one another and that fit into the cutout 58 and form a V-shaped knife combination 44 . These knives provided with cutting edges 62 on their front edges thus cut out of the frame seal when the slide 43 is actuated, cut out a V-shaped cutout 45 and cut through the fastening webs 25 , 26 with a straight relief cut 63 (cut edge dot-dashed in FIG. 2 )
The procedure for attaching the window frame seal 22 to the window frame is as follows:

The window manufacturer can apply the window frame seal in his workshop or on the construction site, which is available in roll form, i.e. uncut. For this purpose it begins, for example, in the middle of the upper horizontal frame side with a straight cut end of the seal and attaches it as shown in FIG. 2 by pressing the fastening web 25 into the groove 27 and the base web 24 on the in FIG . 3 apparent curved basic shape highly bends slightly, so that the fastening web 26 engages with its toothed inner surface 30 over the outer edge of the frame 29. The glare frame seal is already clamped on the frame.

Before he reaches the first corner, he places the tool 40 with the contact surfaces 41 in the inner frame corner. The blind frame seal, which is rotated by 90 ° for this purpose, is now inserted into the tool, which is positioned exactly as it is, on the frame 11 . The hold-down device 42 engages the seal and holds it at a point determined by the length of the hold-down device still attached to the frame, so that the frame seal seals a predetermined curve into the tool. This positions the interface exactly on the corner. Then the slide 43 of the tool is actuated and the V-shaped knife combination 44 makes a miter cut 45 on the sealing web 35 , that is to say cuts out a V-shaped recess. The upper side of the base web 24 can also be scored, which facilitates the buckling process. At the same time, the knife 46 cuts through the two fastening webs 25 , 26 essentially to the base web (dash-dotted lines in FIG. 2).

After removing the tool, the frame seal can now be used applied to the corner and there with the smallest bending radius be bent by 90 ° and then in the subsequent frame page to be introduced. If so with all four corners the seal is finally cut off that it matches the initial butt edge. The resulting corners have only those on the outside Dividing line in the mitred area. You can now use these edges an adhesive that sets very quickly in the outside air ("Super glue") are glued. The miter cut is executed from its angle so that the mitred edges rest against each other with good contact pressure and close exactly fit each other.

If the window frame seal is made of a thermoweldable material, this corner can be welded with a thermo manual welding gun. One advantage is that it is easily accessible from both sides. In this case, any excess material required for the welding could be made available by a correspondingly smaller angle between the two knives 47 and an overlap thus created in the walking area.

After the seal in the form shown in FIG. 2 is attached to the outer frame 11 , the aluminum frame 13 is finally mounted. For this purpose, as can be seen from FIG. 1, retaining bolts 48 are screwed into the wood of the outer frame, which engage in corresponding openings 49 , for example a longitudinal slot of the aluminum frame, and are fastened by rotating the head 50 of the retaining bolt 48 . As a result of the inner inclined surfaces of the head 50 , the frame pulls against the wooden frame and presses with the L-shaped projecting web 34 against the outside 51 of the mounting web 26 , which is provided with a hollow chamber 52 . From Fig. 1 it can also be seen that this outside 51 is pressed together with compression of the hollow chamber 52 , the BEFE stigungssteg 26 is now positively fixed. Further, characterized tends the outer part of the base web, and in particular of the slightly obliquely from the window opening extending away cover rail 32 sondere further downward and lies down, if necessary, on the profile web 34 so that a drip nose for water is provided. This can flow out of the hollow chamber 37 through openings provided therein.

It can be seen that a very simple assembly is possible as a result. It is not only possible to use roll material for the window frame seal, but also the attachment and sealing of the sealing frame is particularly simple. It is also possible to attach the gasket before the frame 13 is attached. As a result of its protruding over the window frame seal in the direction of the window opening section 53 , the frame 13 would complicate the attachment of the window frame seal in the resulting gap.

The frame seal can be made entirely of solid or solid consist of a rubber-like flexible material for example made of EPDM rubber with a Shore hardness of 70 or a thermoplastic.

The sash frame 12 is also provided with an aluminum frame 14 which is attached to it with retaining bolts 48 and at the same time holds the glass pane 64 , in the case shown a thermal pane combination of two panes with an insulating cavity in between, from the outside. For this purpose, the aluminum frame consists, next to its C-shaped fastening chamber 66 , at which the opening 49 is seen, a web 65 which runs upwards and obliquely towards the glass pane 64 and then into a frame parallel to the glass pane 64 bent glass retaining web 67 merges ( Fig. 1).

Fig. 1 and in particular Fig. 4 show the formation of an outer glass seal 68. It has a base web 69 , at the upper end of which, in the manner of an oblique T-beam, a cover web 70 connects, the glass pane-side end of which runs out in a sealing lip 71 , while the other T-leg 72 lies sealingly on the frame web 65 and covers it. At the bottom in FIG. 4, that is to say the frame-side end of the base web, there is a fastening web 73 which is hook-shaped in cross section. Due to the inclination of the leg 72 and the hook shape of the fastening web, an undercut or dovetail-shaped configuration is formed overall, which engages around the glass seal holding web 67 and securely fixes the glass seal on the correspondingly shaped aluminum casement frame 13 .

The previously described profile sections 69 , 70 , 73 consist of solid material, while the sealing section 74 , which is now described and adjoins the base web on the glass pane side, consists of the same basic material, but with a cell structure. The material is produced in the profile production in this area with a foaming with extremely small, closed cells and a smooth, also closed outer skin. It is therefore much softer than the solid material, which can have a hardness of approx. 70 Shore, and thus allows a much greater compression despite its relatively large sealing surface, which can be divided into three longitudinal ribs 75 . This enables differences in dimensions to be better compensated. While in the case of solid rubber, despite the shape of the ribs, normally only a slight compression is sensibly possible, it is around 25 to 30% due to the cell design of the sealing section in the invention. This seal can also be processed from the roll. To do this, proceed as follows:
An apparatus for precisely fitting cutting of the glass seal is used, as shown in FIG. 6. It consists of pliers 40 a of which only the work jaws are shown in FIG. 6, which can be pivoted against one another about the axis 76 . The lower jaw 54 a carries a counter-cut and support plate 61 a, on the underside of which an angular, downwardly projecting support 41 a is provided.

The upper jaw 43 a carries on its side facing the counter-cutting plate 61 a 2 knives 46 arranged parallel to one another and two knives 47 a arranged at an angle in a V-shape to one another. The cutting edges 62 of the knives are directed onto the counter-cutting plate 61 a.

The pliers, as can be seen from Fig. 6, positioned in a window corner with the angular contact surfaces 41 a on the wing frame 14 , so that the counter-cut plate 61 a comes to rest between the frame and the seal 68 . When the pliers 40 a are closed, a V-shaped miter cut 45 and two relief cuts 63 are produced. These range, as indicated in Fig. 4 with dash-dotted lines 45, 63, over the entire height of the covering web 70 and the fastening web 73 and also somewhat into the base web 69 , with part of the sealing section 74 being severed. Although here the seal has to be bent around an axis running transversely to the extension of the base web, this is possible without lateral breaking off or excessive radii of curvature. Of the Dichtungsrip pen 75 remains at least one, but preferably two un severed, so that they ensure a circumferential sealing device, especially because of the relatively soft design of the cell material. It is therefore not necessary to glue or weld the seal in the area of the miter cut.

In the assembled state ( Fig. 1), a double seal is formed by the abutting against the disc abge beveled and thus the water-diverting cover web 70 in cooperation with the sealing lip 74 from a sealing against rough A sealing web 74 is formed.

The seal is finished on the aluminum frame 14 and this is then attached in the same manner as described with respect to the frame 13 , whereby the outer glass seal 68 bears against the pane. The assembly is also significantly simplified here.

The inner glass seal 77 is also made of a composite material of the form described. As can be seen from FIG. 7, there is almost the entire seal, which consists predominantly of the sealing portion 74 a, made of the cell material and only the fastening web 73 a, which has a double barb shape, consists of solid material. This fastening web engages in a groove 27 b on the wing frame 12 and holds the seal so tight that the rear side 78 of its fastening section on the glass pane 64 facing surface 79 of the casement rests, while four ribs 75 are provided on the glass side, which press against the glass surface and seal it. The side of the seal facing the middle of the window, as well as the corresponding sash frame surface, is chamfered to allow condensation to run off.

This seal with a so-called crown profile is thus well laid on the sash frame by the asymmetrically provided on the lower part in Fig. 7 part made of solid material, but otherwise very deformable to be able to compensate for tolerances and a sufficient and uniform pressure over the entire surface to be able to exercise. This seal is so flexible that it can be placed around the corners without a cut, especially because the area of the solid material, which is limited to the fastening web and a small bulge 80 in the sealing section area into, no large expansion transverse to the bending axis. The seal described has the advantage that it is very soft and conformable in the sealing area, and achieves a good sealing effect even on non-smooth surfaces. It has a high resilience and can therefore adapt to all circumstances. The preferred material EPDM is insensitive to oxygen and ozone and largely resistant to embrittlement or cracks and insensitive to solvents.

Claims (19)

1. Method for attaching a profile seal with fastening webs ( 25 , 26 , 72 , 73 , 73 a) and cover and sealing webs ( 32 , 33 , 35 , 71 , 74 , 74 a) on a window, in particular a combined wooden / Metal window, in which the seal ( 22 , 68 ) along a straight frame side with fastening webs ( 25 , 26 , 72 , 73 , 73 a) is attached to the frame, by means of one on the frame ( 11 , 14 ) and in it leading tool ( 40 , 40 a) is provided with miter and / or relief cuts ( 45 , 63 ) and with its fastening webs ( 25 , 26 , 72 , 73 , 73 a) is pressed into engagement with the following frame side. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile seal in the region of its miter cuts ( 45 ) are glued or welded in the attached state. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that miter cuts ( 45 ) in the region of the cover and sealing webs ( 35 , 70 ) and relief cuts ( 63 ) in the region of the fastening webs ( 25 , 26 , 73 ) are made before. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sealing webs or sections ( 74 ) are arranged in the region of the substantially unstretched or non-compressed neutral center line of the profile seal ( 68 ) at the corner bend and these remain uncut. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that unassembled roll material is used to attach the profile seal ( 22 , 68 ) on the frame. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seal ( 22 ) between the wooden frame ( 11 ) and a metal frame ( 13 ) placed in front of it is attached. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile seal ( 22 ) on the wooden frame ( 11 ) by means of at least one fastening web ( 25 , 26 ) is fixed and then the metal frame ( 13 ) is attached, preferably a profile projection (34) of the metal window frame (13) (26) of the profile seal (22) compresses an outer fastening web, in particular a one-sided a suppression of an outer region (51) of the outer-Fixed to supply web (26) and the resulting then inclination of a the Profile projection ( 34 ) covering cover lip ( 32 ) on the frame ( 13 ). 8. Device for attaching a profile seal to a window, with a cutting tool ( 40 , 40 a), the V-shaped knife ( 44 , 44 a) for a miter cut ( 45 ) and one or more knives ( 46 ) for one Relief cut ( 63 ), which can be manually operated together, and with contact surfaces ( 41 , 41 a) for positioning the tool in the area of frame corners. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that a holding-down device ( 42 ) is provided which at least partially specifies the seal the way to the interface. 10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the pliers ( 40 a) is formed. 11. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cutting tool ( 40 ) has a displaceable carriage ( 43 ) on which the knives ( 44 , 46 ) are arranged. 12. Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the knives ( 44 , 46 ) with the accordingly shaped recesses ( 58 , 59 ) act together. 13. Profile seal for windows, in particular combined wood / metal windows, with fastening and sealing webs, the fastening webs ( 18 , 73 , 73 a) on the frame preferably attacking in recesses ( 19 , 27 b) therein, characterized in that they is made of a two-component material with different material properties in different profile cross-sections, with in the area of the sealing webs ( 17 , 74 , 74 a) the material of the profile seal ( 16 , 68 , 77 ) is at least partially a preferably closed cell material on the upper surface, while in Area of the fastening webs ( 18 , 73 , 73 a) solid material is provided. 14. Profile seal according to claim 13, characterized in that the cell and solid material from the same base material are made together integrally. 15. Profile seal according to claim 13 or 14, characterized records that it is made of EPDM rubber. 16. Profile seal according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that an outer glass seal ( 68 ) has a substantially parallel to the glass pane ( 64 ) extending base web ( 69 ) made of solid material, to which in the direction of the glass pane ( 64 ) this pressed-on cell material sealing area ( 74 ), possibly with several ribs ( 75 ), adjoins that at the window-side end of the base web there is a cover web ( 70 ) in the form of an oblique T-beam, the glass-side leg of which is in a sealing lip ( 71 ) ends while the other leg ( 72 ) rests on a wing panel frame profile ( 14 ), and that at the frame-side end of the base web ( 69 ) a possibly cross-sectionally shaped full material fastening web ( 73 ) is formed, which around one reaches around the glass-side profile leg ( 67 ) of the casement frame profile ( 14 ). 17. Profile seal according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that an outer glass seal ( 68 ) in the installed state at the frame corners in the region of the cover web ( 70 ) miter cuts ( 45 ) and in the region of the fastening web ( 73 ) relief cuts ( 63 ) having. 18. Profile seal, in particular for carrying out the procedural method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a wooden frame ( 11 ) on its outer reveal surface ( 23 ) covering base web ( 24 ) with a part of a metal Frame ( 13 ) protruding, water in an inner chamber ( 37 ) of the metal frame ( 13 ) dissipating cover lip ( 32 ) and a sealing lip ( 35 ) engaging on the casement ( 12 ), with a fastening web ( 25 ) in one Groove ( 27 ) of the wooden frame ( 11 ) engages and engages with an outer fastening web ( 26 ) between the outer side ( 29 ) of the wooden frame and the inside of the metal frame ( 13 ). 19. Profile seal according to claim 18, characterized in that the outer fastening web ( 26 ), if necessary by Hohlkam merausbildung ( 52 ), is deformable in such a way that it from a profile projection ( 34 ) of the metal frame ( 13 ) for the positive determination of Profile seal ( 22 ) is compressible.