DE4302273C1 - Plant for cultivation of mushrooms - contains substrate for mycelium for growth of crop, technical harvesting surface with impenetrable surface material for mycelium - Google Patents

Abstract

In relation to the surface material (1) on the side of the crop formation, an integrated water supply is provided for prodn. of the necessary damp micro-climate. The water supply is formed by a water-accumulating layer (5) in the form of parallel, spaced apart strips, in which water channels (7) run. The intermediate distances between the strips (5'), in which also the holes (2) of the surface material (1) lie, are defined as damp growth niches (8) with fixed side walls. The surface material holes are formed as slots (2). USE/ADVANTAGE - An improved culture technique for the growth of mushrooms with a view to mechanical harvesting.

Description

The invention relates to a device for growing mushrooms, in particular mushrooms on a substrate for the mycelia for growing the fruiting bodies, with one for the Mycelia in an impenetrable surface material that lies against and against the substrate predetermined locations perforations to allow the mycelia to grow through to form the fruiting body has on the other side of the sheet material to the substrate.

The particular field of application of the invention is the cultivation and harvesting of Champi Gnons. For this reason, Champi is always used in the following explanations gnons ran out. Basically, it is conceivable that the Vorrich invention not only for growing and harvesting mushrooms, but also for growing and Harvesting other mushrooms is suitable and usable.

WO 89/05574 discloses a device for growing mushrooms of the type specified at the outset. In this case, in the embodiment in FIG. 5 a compost layer is provided, onto which a sheet material that is intrinsically impenetrable for the mycelia is placed. This surface material has slot-like openings which are filled with peat or the like. Tubes are in the compost material and are used to supply water and / or air. Due to the slit-like openings formed in the sheet material, the mycelia grow through to form the fruiting bodies and thus arise on the other side of the sheet material from the compost layer. A disadvantage of this known device for growing mushrooms is the water supply within the com post layer, since optimal growth of the mushrooms is not guaranteed by the openings in the sheet material. Furthermore, no possibility is provided to be able to harvest the mushrooms mechanically in a simple manner. After all, the plastic cover layers treated with pesticides are harmful to the environment, and the advantage of saving peat is therefore exchanged for a health hazard.

JP 1-160 431 A discloses a similar device for growing mushrooms. There  a container is provided in which the substrate for growing the mushrooms be finds. This container has a cover plate on the upper side with a plurality of small solder holes through which the mushrooms grow. The type of irrigation is at this known breeding method not specified, nor a method to ma rapid harvesting of mushrooms.

FR 2 603 767 A1 discloses an apparatus for growing mushrooms, in which compost in a container. This compost is covered by a layer, wel supports fructification. There is also a certain amount of water in this layer saved for water supply. Finally, there is a network on the layer, the mushrooms grow through its mesh. To the mushrooms when reaching a be To harvest the right size, the net is pulled away sideways so that the mushrooms are more certain to be sheared off. The disadvantage here is the non-optimal water supply for fructification of mushrooms. Another disadvantage is the harvesting process. It's through though Moving the net a common harvest of all mushrooms possible, but it takes no consideration for the individual size of the mushrooms and in particular there is no clean one Interface, because the mushrooms are, so to speak, out of the layer below be torn. However, there is a very significant disadvantage with the known method in poor crop quality. The result is an unsorted, unsalable quality. There Beyond that, no fungus remains on the bed. Even the smallest mushrooms are destroyed so that in addition to poor quality, there is considerable damage to young talent.

In FR 2 550913 A1 a device for growing mushrooms is disclosed, which to bottom has a sponge-like layer. This lower layer is covered by a porous, moisture-resistant surface material covered. The covering earth is on it. Here, too, the water-storing layer is in the form of a sponge below. An automatic harvesting device is also not disclosed.

Finally, in DE 28 50 317 C2 there is a device for harvesting from a bed cultivated mushrooms. The harvesting device consists of a kind of trolley, which can be moved on wheels over the mushroom bed. At the front of the Wa There is a knife that moves back and forth as the car moves forward Movement so that the mushrooms are cut off accordingly. The Mushrooms cut off in this way are then grasped by carriers and by means of them transported on a conveyor belt, which leads the mushrooms to a collection point. The disadvantage here is the harvesting process. By moving the harvesting wagon with the Knives can harvest all mushrooms together, but they do  individual size of the mushrooms no consideration. A very important one A disadvantage of the known harvesting method is the poor harvest quality and that the cut off mushroom feet (about 25% of the harvest) from the harvester are not can be disposed of and remain on the harvested area, resulting in subsequent harvests severely disabled.

The invention is therefore based on a device of the type specified at the outset the task, an improved culture technique for growing mushrooms and creating mushrooms in particular to make them more machine-friendly visually to design a mechanized harvesting process.

As a technical solution, the invention proposes that with respect to the area integrated material supply on the side of fruiting Generation of the necessary moist microclimate is provided, this being integrated Water supply through a water-storing layer in the form of parallel to each other spaced-apart layer strips is formed, in which water channels run and the Zwi spacing between the layer strips, in which the perforations of the surface material are defined as moist fructification niches with fixed side walls are and that a scraper rail is provided, which in a predetermined fixed was arranged to the harvesting surface and with the scraper and the harvesting top surface are movable relative to each other and thereby exceed a certain size the mushrooms are stripped off without cutting off the mushroom foot.

Through this technical harvesting area in connection with a scraper for harvesting the Mushrooms of a certain size can be used with this mushroom culture automation table mushroom culture. The basic idea of the invention is the substrate as a breeding ground for the mycelia from the actual establishment of the microcli mas to separate, the corresponding device for establishing the microclimate moist te fructification niches defines which is only a perfect technical harvest of the Ensure mushrooms using the scraper. One serves for the harvested area Mycelia in itself impenetrable surface material, so that behind the surface material al substrate is not accessible and therefore a smooth and clean harvesting area is created. The surface material is in direct contact with the sub strat and lies on it, for example. As will be explained in more detail below are the most diverse substrate container designs in the so-called Antipo dental technology conceivable, taking advantage of the fact that the Champi gnons grow in any direction, for example vertically downwards in the  Meaning of an underbody harvest. The mycelia in the substrate grow through the Breakthroughs in the surface material and reach the other side of the surface material where they are exposed to the humid microclimate. Once the mycelia sow raw material and water, which is the case in the fructification niches, they grow more intensely and form the fruiting bodies. The mushrooms do not grow dense, as is the case with conventional methods, where they are directly on a peat grow mixed, but the mushrooms only grow in the area of the breakthrough points in the surface material. This creates a loose mushroom trim and prevents the formation of clumps of mushrooms, which is an obstacle to fully mechanical harvesting. By means of the openings formed in the sheet material is thus on the Invention a controlled, loose mushroom single position possible according to the technical harvesting area Lich. If the openings are slits, they are the Champi gnons strung together like a string of pearls. This represents one simple and inexpensive way to automatic mushroom harvesting via a so-called subbo harvest with regard to a machine-friendly technique to the harvesting process mechanize. This automatic harvesting and care technology is the cost and quality of the Techniques that are still far superior to common techniques. The new technical Harvest area can be easily produced industrially by the harvest area in the ge desired dimensions as well as containers or shapes for a wide variety of applications purposes of harvesting techniques can be made with consistent quality. It is according to the respective cultural needs, easy adjustment to level, concave or convex harvest areas possible. The technical harvesting surface according to the invention Chen are hard, tear-resistant, stable, smooth, clean, permeable to air and hydrophilic, however not washable. These properties of the technical harvesting area according to the invention In contrast to today's harvested areas, they are very easy to care for and easy to mechanize Lich. They give smooth mushroom bases and the mushrooms a stable base, so that the harvest machines clean, selective and fast picking even under the harvested area can execute. The integrated water supply ensures an automatic, kapil lare humidification. The forced air conditioning of the technical invention Harvested area is many times more effective than the forced air conditioning of today's harvesting area comparable harvesting capacities. This is due to the fact that the invention Harvest area ensures that the gas exchange area is larger compared to ago conventional harvest areas. Furthermore, the use of harvest space is too low the harvested area was more than 6 times narrower than with the techniques common today is achievable. Finally, the technical harvesting area according to the invention has a great deal better and more stable, not muddy water-air pore volume structure due to tearing solid, renewable cardboard-fabric combinations than today's harvested areas  sen. Due to this ability of the technical harvesting area according to the invention, a pro Production increase achieved while saving energy. At the harvester According to the invention, it is a scraper rail. This way, a tech nisch easy way to automatically harvest the mushrooms if they have reached the desired size. This makes it selective, clean as well as full automatically working harvesting method with fully automatic storage of the homogeneous harvest Guaranteed good in harvesting containers, this procedure in terms of cost and quality is far superior to harvesting by hand. If the mushrooms are the have reached the desired size, which is the distance between the scraper and corresponds to the technical harvested area according to the invention, the mushrooms meet on the Scraper rail on and break off and are then in a corresponding Collection container in the sense of a fully automatic storage after harvesting captured. This enables the harvesting device to be in front of the automatic one Using the scraper bar, harvest each individual mushroom to the millimeter sen, d. H. to check whether it has reached the desired size before it is picked. The scraper rail is adapted to the contour of the harvested area and can be linear, but also be designed as a bracket.

In a preferred development of the surface material, it is proposed that Openings are slits. The slot width is such that the mycelia in it grow according to the invention and on the other side of the sheet material which can form fruiting bodies. The slots are preferably one behind the other as well arranged in rows on the surface material, so that the loose mushroom trimmings define that is important for the mechanical harvest.

A further development of the surface material suggests that this be a sheet or egg ne plastic film is. This sheet, which is of course rust-free, as well as art Cloth gives the harvested area the necessary stability to achieve the intended mechanical To be able to harvest.

A further development suggests that on the side of fruiting body formation a and ventilation is provided. This makes fully automatic air conditioning for internal Harvest areas possible with the consequence of optimal mushroom growth.

In a preferred embodiment of the layer it is proposed that this be made of cardboard is formed. Cardboard is a renewable raw material, one enables a disposable substrate container and the desired water  has storage properties. This can reduce the hygiene of the mushroom culture chemical interventions are maintained. According to consumption, if culture is harvested, the layer made of cardboard can easily compost or ver burned and disposed of.

A further development of the technical harvesting area according to the invention proposes that a fabric is arranged between the surface material and the layer. The Flä chenmaterial is coated on one side with the fabric and serves as a carrier for the hydrophilic, water-storing layer. The fabric provides a clean, organic nice, tear-resistant and hydrophilic material.

A further development of the layer suggests that this with a ventilation is provided. Technically, this can be achieved by ent in the layer speaking channels that are via appropriate air openings for the loading and ventilation and thus a fully automatic air conditioning of the technical equipment Carry out the surface.

A development of the layer strips suggests that these in U-shaped rails are arranged. For example, if the layer consists of cardboard, the Cardboard mass are poured into the U-groove, so that the layer strips through the Umman telung by means of the U-shaped channel, which can also consist of metal, an additional che undergoes stabilization. The side legs of these U-shaped rails can be there with a leg height of 1 to 2 cm.

A further development of the layer finally suggests that it be tempered door control is equipped. This temperature control can run through in the layer de pipes are formed through which flow the appropriately tempered water can, so that the layer has the optimum temperature for mushroom growth.

An alternative construction of the technical harvesting area according to the invention suggests that, directly or indirectly, parallel to one another on the surface material and spaced tubes are arranged, the ventilation channels with the fruit Define air passage openings designed on the personal side and also additionally Water channels are provided. This ensures fully automatic air conditioning for the inventor technical harvesting area possible, this air conditioning device in the harvest area is integrated. This is a fully automatic controllable mushroom pro production possible. The areas between the tubes form corresponding to the  slot-like perforations in the sheet material through the fructification niches growing through the mushrooms. The water channels stand with the fructifications connected in such a way that water transport to these fructification niches follows and thus the required moist microclimate is made possible.

Preferably, the water channels and are between the ventilation channels the fructification niches trained. There are different constellations conceivable. For example, it is possible that the ventilation channels and the vent tion channels alternate and that in between the water channels and the Fruk niches are trained. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that Be Alternate ventilation duct pairs and ventilation duct pairs, with between them Couples the fructification niches are formed while between the two channels of each pair the water channels are formed. There are no other constellations more conceivable.

A further development suggests that the tubes are essentially rectangular Have cross-section and are divided along the longitudinal median plane, being on the two Sides of the ventilation channels and in between the water channel is formed. This brings the advantage of a simple technical structure with always two channels are combined in a tube. The two channels are by a corresponding dividing wall along the median longitudinal plane without the two Channels are connected to each other via this partition. There is also here two alternatives for the arrangement of the channels in the pipe. For one, the two sides on both sides of the median longitudinal plane on one side a ventilation duct and on the other Define the ventilation duct on the other side. On the other hand, it is also conceivable that on Similar channels are arranged on both sides, d. H. that the pipe is either two Has ventilation channels or two ventilation channels.

Further training suggests that the water channels and the fructification are at least partially lined with a fabric so that in the water channeled water via the capillary action of the tissue into the fructification ni reached. This represents a technically simple way for an integrated one Water supply through an automatic, capillary humidification. The Gewe be in the fructification niches stands for the same, one-piece or else through an additional tissue in connection with the tissue in the water channels, so that about the capillary action already mentioned the water in the water channel above the tissue can creep into the fructification niches.  

A further development of this suggests that the tubes with the ventilation channels in the loading rich whose air openings are also equipped with the fabric. Self ver this tissue is also capillary-like in relation to the tissue in the water channel binding, so that the water in the water channel also to the tissue in the area Air outlet openings can creep. This has the great advantage that the through the air outlet openings of the ventilation channels is humidified and so with an optimal climate can be set.

A further development of this suggests that the ventilation channels as ventilation channels and conversely, the ventilation channels can be switched as ventilation channels. This makes a white allows further optimization of the air humidity in the fructification area. That is because If the air humidity is too high, the ventilation is simply reversed by Existing ventilation channels for ventilation, d. H. ensure that the air escapes. This one but are not provided with a fabric, the air is not humidified here. They don't humidified air is then vented through the former ventilation channels.

Another preferred development suggests that between the surface material and the pipes are arranged additional pipes for temperature control. Let it through create optimal temperature conditions. These additional tubes also have a preferably rectangular cross section and can be made of a plastic material stand. Appropriate temperature control is preferably achieved by means of these additional pipes Water pumped through. Two pipe layers are preferably to be provided, namely a first tube layer for temperatures from 14 to 18 ° C and a second tube layer for 21 to 25 ° C, the latter tube layer is in the area of the surface material.

A further development of this suggests that the additional tubes with a fabric around are covered. This is due to the corresponding capillary action for humidification in the spaces between the pipes.

A further development suggests that the tubes and the additional tubes layer are gently offset from one another. This makes the mycelia an optimal wax allowed.

A further development of this suggests that between the surface material and the Pipes a fabric is arranged. This is a technically simple way to re Capillary sub-fungus water supply possible. This tissue can additionally  be provided to the previously mentioned fabrics, so as an optimal To achieve moisture penetration.

A further development of the ventilation ducts suggests that in these pipes run for a temperature control. This is for an optimal growth climate of the necessary temperatures.

A further development of the technical harvesting area according to the invention proposes that pipes for temperature control run in the substrate. By a correspond The tempered liquid, especially water, is an automatic temperature Control of the harvesting area is possible, so that the temperature can be optimally adjusted Force crop waves. The tubes for temperature control can either be welded onto the back of the surface material or directly inside of the substrate.

A further development of the technical harvesting area according to the invention proposes that these are arranged on the surfaces of a cuboid, being within this Cuboid the substrate is located. This represents a first possibility for technical realization tion of the harvested area according to the invention, with the use of a cuboid, within which the substrate is located, flat harvested areas are created. You will provide a flat cuboid, the two flat sides of which according to the invention technical harvesting area.

In a further development of this embodiment it is proposed that the cuboid around the Longitudinal central axis is rotatable. This makes it possible to use appropriate harvesting techniques turn.

An alternative embodiment suggests that the technical harvest according to the invention surface is formed into a tube, the surface material on the outside and accordingly the substrate outside the tube or the surface material inside and accordingly the substrate is inside the tube. The advantages achieved with this will follow described with reference to the drawings. The pipe can be act, for example, a cylinder, a square tube or the like Different variants are also conceivable, for example concave and below the harvested area. A two-part or multi-part construction is also conceivable, which is advantageous for the cleaning work, since disassembly is possible and therefore all parts are accessible.  

The scraper rail is preferably transverse to the longitudinal extension of the fructification niches movable. This has the advantage that the mushrooms over the limit channel break off the fructification niches and thus a clean break occurs.

The scraper rail is preferably adjustable in accordance with the desired mushroom size.

In the event that the surface material is outside, the discharge takes place strip mushrooms preferably over a water flow in the pipe. In this case the scraper rail consists of a bracket that is longitudinally movable within the tube. The broken mushrooms then fall into the water and become with the Electricity dissipated.

The previously described technical harvesting area for mushroom cultivation has a contrast In summary, the cultivation techniques used so far have the following advantages:

The crop area design according to the invention enables better profitability due to the inexpensive double use (substrate container equals harvest area). Farther the harvested area of the entire container surface achieves a multiple harvested area Chen enlargement and thus the space required for the loose mushroom stocking for one fully mechanical mushroom harvest and the openings preferably in the form of Slits in the surface material of the harvested area enable the necessary controllable input Fungus position for the mechanical mushroom harvest. The crop area position as subbo For the first time, the harvested area enables inexpensive, uncomplicated mushroom storage in Ern jars after picking. With the stable, clean and hydrophilic A fully automatic crop becomes possible for the first time thanks to the technical harvesting area the fully automatic humidification on a capillary, homogeneous basis via in integrated water channels in the technical harvesting area without the usual pouring errors. In addition, the automatic crop surface temperature control accelerates the harvest integrated liquid lines. The technical harvest area in the form of a tube with inte The climate control and internal harvesting area enable automatic control for the first time Mushroom harvest from the shapeless substrate mass for profitable, highly qualified production supply of fresh market or industrial goods. The clean, fully mechanical harvesting method saves 20% cutting waste and only requires 1/6 of the converted space compared to today's Cultural techniques. The tear-resistant technical harvesting area made from renewable raw materials also serves as a single-use substrate container for maintaining cultural hygiene without chemical treatments, with combustion possible after culture.  

Through the industrial production of the combination of harvested areas and raw materials, one can be the same lasting quality can be achieved, all cultural wishes and cultural preferences on request ge with the tearproof, clean, moldable technical harvesting surface according to the invention the most diverse shapes can be brought into harmony. All in all can care and harvest person when using the culture technique of the invention nal, service corridors and finally cultural spaces can be reduced to a minimum.

Various embodiments of the technical Ern The surface is described below with reference to the drawings. In these shows:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the technical harvesting area.

FIG. 2 shows an application form of the technical harvesting area in FIG. 1 using a cylinder in a perspective view;

Fig. 3 is an end view of the embodiment in Figure 2 on an enlarged scale.

FIG. 4 shows another possible application of the harvesting area in FIG. 1, in which a large box is used for a flat harvesting area;

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment in which the harvesting area in FIG. 1 is shaped into hollow cylinders;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the technical crop surface;

Fig. 7 in a schematic view a further alternative embodiment of the technical harvesting area.

Figs. 1 to 5 show the use of a first embodiment of a technical area harvested and the FIG. 6, an alternative, second execution form of a technical crop surface for the lower floor harvest in mushroom cultivation. Finally, FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of a technical harvesting area.

In the first embodiment of the technical harvesting area - as can be seen in Fig. 1 - a sheet material 1 in the form of a rust-free sheet metal or a plastic film is provided. This surface material 1 is provided with slot-like openings 2 , which are arranged in rows parallel to one another. The surface material 1 is provided with welded-on tubes 3 parallel to the rows of slots and through which water at an appropriate temperature flows for automatic temperature control. On the underside, the surface material 1 is provided with a clean, sterile, tear-resistant and hydrophilic fabric 4 . On this tissue 4 there is also a hydrophilic, water-storing layer 5 made of cardboard. This layer 5 is formed by layer strips 5 ', which just if run parallel to the rows of slots. To stabilize the layer strips are each in a U-shaped profile rail 6 for example made of metal, the cardboard mass is poured into these profile rails 6 . Embedded water channels 7 extend along these layer strips 5 '. The layer strips 5 'also have an intermediate distance between them, in which the rows of slots are also located and define the wet fructification niches 8 . As can be seen in Fig. 1, the technical harvesting surface thus formed is deformable and can be rolled up, for example.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, a first form of application of this technical Ern tefläche in the form of a harvested area pipe for a fully mechanical waif gnonernte in the form of an underbody harvest shown. The harvesting area is shaped into a cylindrical tube, the sheet material 1 being on the inside and the layer 5 on the outside, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3. Along the longitudinal central axis there is a tube 9 , which serves on the one hand for stability and on the other hand serves a cavity for air circulation, that is to say for ventilation of the cylinder interior. The interior of the cylinder is provided around the tube 9 with a peppered or grown substrate 10 in which there are mycelia 11 for the mushrooms. Furthermore, the tubes 3 for substrate temperature control are located in the substrate 10 . These tubes 3 are not directly attached to the surface material 1 as in the harvesting area in FIG. 1, but extend fully within the substrate 10 . The substrate thickness is defined by the distance between the tube 9 and the sheet material 1 .

In Fig. 3, the U-shaped rails 6 can still be seen in which the layer strips 5 'forming cardboard mass for the hydrophilic water reservoir is located. In it, the water channels 7 are embedded, as well as pipes 12 , through which likewise tempered water flows for automatic temperature control in the cardboard mass of layer 5 . The thickness of the cardboard mass is 1 to 2 cm. Furthermore, the fructification niches with fabric coating can be seen in FIG. 3.

The harvesting surface tube designed in this way, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, functions as follows:

The mycelia 11 are located within the substrate 10 . By ent speaking flooding of the tubes 3, there is an optimal temperature in the substrate 10 . The mycelia initially grow through the slot-like openings 2 in the sheet material 1 and reach the moist and column-like fructification niches 8 that are aligned with these openings 2 . As soon as the mycelia 11 have oxygen and water nearby, they grow more intensely and form fruiting bodies 13 and thus the mushrooms 14 in the form of mushrooms. The water-storing layer 5 forms the required moist microclimate, which is necessary for the growth of the fruiting bodies 13 . The optimal temperature control takes place through the flowing through the tubes 12 , appropriately tempered water.

The following fact is used: mushrooms are heterotrophic and chlorophyll-free and do not require any light. The mycelia 11 only grow vegetatively in the CO ₂ substrate without oxygen content. This vegetative growth continues until the mycelia 11 detect oxygen. Then suddenly there is a generative growth phase, namely the fructification. These two phases are used specifically for single mushroom control in the fructification niche 8 . The mycelia 11 only grow vegetatively through the moist tissue and reach the perforations 2 or fructification niches 8 . This is the first time that they come into contact with oxygen. With an optimal water supply and sufficient oxygen supply, the change from vegetative growth phase to generative phase takes place within 24 hours. The mushroom growth begins and depends only on heat and water. The mycelia 11 have already stored all the nutrients for the generative phase in the vegetative phase and can thus carry out this change.

Furthermore, a fixed, straight scraper rail 15 is assigned to this harvesting surface tube, which is provided on the top side with a shock absorber 16, in particular made of rubber. A schematically indicated harvesting container 17 is located below the stripping rail 15 .

The crop surface tube is rotated with the tube 9 as an axis. Those Pil ze 14 , which bump due to their size on the scraper rail 15 , are picked by the slow rotation of the cylinder until it breaks from the crop surface and placed with the clean mushroom foot in the underlying harvest container without the mushroom foot having an injury or has even been cut off. A prerequisite for this mechanical harvest is the loose mushroom stocking on the harvested area, which is ensured by the fact that the mushrooms 14 can only grow through the slot-like openings 2 in the sheet material 1 .

This fully automatic rotary harvest on the convex harvesting surface tube is particularly suitable for the fresh market. A disposable substrate container with a convex pipe harvesting surface is used. Compared to comparable substrate volumes, a harvest area that is more than 5 times larger is possible. By designing the harvesting area as a tube, a very machine-friendly harvesting area design with a fully automatic, selective rotary harvest is made possible. The prefabricated, round harvesting surface pipes of about 40 cm in diameter are filled tightly with streaky substrate 10 , with the pipe 9 leading through the middle of the pipe, the end of which can be used for rotatable storage in a magazine. The core temperature in the harvesting tube is automatically regulated by the tempered water in the tubes 3 . The harvest pipe can be approx. 5 m long. The tubes are stored horizontally in 5 m wide and 10 to 20 m long magazines in double halves with intermediate harvesting aisles. The harvesting rotation machine with the corresponding scraper rails 15 is located in them . For harvesting, a magazine with 120 to 240 m ^{2 is} pulled out like a drawer and placed on the rotary machine, and all harvested ripe mushrooms 14 are disposed of with 360 ° rotation. The harvest takes place in about 20 seconds fully automatically, the harvested mushrooms 14 being stored cleanly, unhurt and homogeneously in the harvesting containers 17 .

After the rotary harvest, the drawer magazine is pushed into the opposite empty space. When all the magazines have finished harvesting and the mushrooms 14 are in the cold room, the magazines have changed the halves of the double room so that the empty rooms can be cleaned. During the 12 hours of rest, the drawer magazines are connected to the care fluids via quick couplings and automatically maintained. The rotation is harvested twice a day at 12-hour intervals. This fully mechanical cultivation method means that nursing and harvesting staff are no longer required in the harvesting rooms. In the harvesting area, therefore, no more service aisles etc. are required. With this fully mechanical cultivation technique, 6 times less space is required per m ^{2 of} technical harvesting area.

In Fig. 5 the harvesting area shown in Fig. 1 is also shaped into a cylinder, but the cylinders are embedded in the substrate 10 , ie the mushrooms 14 grow inwards. Substrate rents are built in layers from the substrate mass on paved work surfaces with a 3% gradient and with retaining walls corresponding to a flat silo. The substrate layers are approx. 5 to 50 m wide and 20 to 40 cm thick with any length. Depending on the substrate activity, pipelines are embedded between the layers at necessary intervals for possible temperature controls. The liquid can preferably consist of pretreated groundwater. At the same time, plastic pipe or sheet metal reinforced harvesting area pipes of approximately 40 cm in diameter are formed from the technical harvesting area according to the invention. These crop surface tubes are layered close to each other in the substrate layer length on the smoothly distributed substrate 10 and then again a 20 to 40 cm substrate layer is expanded and again provided with pipes for temperature control. This layer can be extended over a height of 5 m. The harvesting area pipes are forced-ventilated to ensure the necessary gas exchange and are connected to the automatic cultivation culture of the technical harvesting areas.

About two thirds of the harvesting tubes are designed as concave, internal underbody surfaces over the entire length of the tube, while the lower third serves as a transport route for a mobile crop stripper with an iron-shaped scraper rail and the subsequent mushroom transport and remains free. The harvested mushrooms 14 are washed out of the harvested surface tubes by a water stream 18 .

This extensive, but very profitable culture is exclusively for the Her designed a good quality and inexpensive canned goods. Therefore rinsing the buoyant mushroom harvest is Processing from the harvested area pipes inexpensive and gentle on quality possible.

Instead of discharging the mushrooms via a water stream is an alternative also the discharge by means of a harvest that can be moved by a push rod possible in each of the harvesting surface tubes, the movement of the Harvesters can be coupled in the different pipes.

The application form in FIG. 4 relates to a flat technical harvesting area for the subsoil culture. A large box without floor boards of any size receives the bottom and the opposite box opening coated with the inventive, plan technical harvesting area and is then tightly filled with peppered substrate 10 . The harvested area can have an area of 5 × 3 m, for example. These large boxes, for example, are inserted into 5 m wide halls in a drawer-like manner and stored one above the other without intermediate timber and pushed out again for harvesting on the underbody via adjustable scraper rails 15 for harvesting. Under the stripping rails 15 there are also harvesting containers 17 into which the selectively picked, clean mushrooms 14 are automatically deposited. The double harvesting area crate is then rotated through 180 ° and again pushed over the scraper rail 15 . The unharvested harvest area now passes the scraper rail and is picked over in the manner described above and at the same time pushed into the clean, empty, opposite double room. When all the large boxes are harvested, they have changed rooms at the same time so that the rooms that have now become empty can be cleaned. Harvesting takes place every 12 hours with this selective harvesting method, which is always associated with a change of space for the purpose of cultural hygiene. The retracted large boxes are connected to an automatic liquid care device via a quick coupling.

An alternative embodiment of the technical harvesting area is shown in FIG. 6. Here, pipes are provided in the form of square tubes 19 which alternately ventilation channels 20 and exhaust channels 20 'processin ren having the fruiting body formation side air passage openings 21, respectively. This ventilation channels 20 , 20 'using the square tubes 19 are used for ventilation of this embodiment form the technical harvesting area and thus for fully automatic Klimatisie tion. Furthermore, the tubes 19 have water channels 22 which are open at the top. This water channels 22 are defined by downward and in the longitudinal direction direction of the tubes 19 extending indentations, these water channels 22 separate the ventilation channels 20 , 20 'from each other, so that a cross connection is not possible. The tubes 19 are still covered with a fabric 23 '. This is to be understood so that the fabric 23 'first covers the base of the water channel 22 , then the side walls of the water channel 22 is pulled up to then run over the upper side of the tube 19 . Finally, the fabric 23 'is guided over the side surfaces in the area of the fructification niches 8 . Through the water channels 22 through water is passed, the water being the tissue be 23 'wetted. The capillary action of the fabric 23 'crawls what water up to the area of the fructification niches 8 and causes the moist microclimate there.

If necessary, 19 liquid tubes can be accommodated in the tubes and flooded with tempered water. In the embodiment shown, a square tube 19 for a ventilation duct 20 and a vent passage is management for each 'are provided, wherein between the two channels 20, 20' 20 of the water channel is the 22nd The width of these four square tubes 19 is approximately 4 to 6 cm. The intermediate distance between the tubes in the area of the fructification niches 8 is approximately 2 to 3 mm.

The square tubes 19 designed and lined up in this way are covered with a further, flat fabric 23 . Thereupon, the provided with the perforations 2 surface material 1 comes. Finally, the coating with the substrate 10 takes place .

Finally, FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the technical harvesting area according to the invention. In this case, tubes 19 are initially arranged parallel to one another in one plane, as shown in the basic principle in FIG. 6 and described previously. However, the tubes 19 are not both sides of the central water channel 22 on one side of the ventilation channel 20 and on the other side the Entlüftungska nal 20 ', but each tube 19 is either two ventilation channels 20, or with two venting channels 20' equipped. However, the two types of pipe alternate, that is, a pipe 19 with its two ventilation channels 20 , a pipe 19 with two ventilation channels 20 'follows and vice versa.

Another special feature is that the tubes 19 with the ventilation channels 20 'have a coating with a fabric 23 ', as was already the case with the embodiment in Fig. 6. The tubes 19 with the ventilation channels 20 additionally have the fabric 23 'on the underside in the region of the air passage openings 21 , while this is not the case with the tubes 19 with the ventilation channels 20 '.

Above the tubes 19 there is a first row of tubes 24 , specifically offset from the tubes 19 . Through these tubes 24 , cold water is pumped through at a temperature of 14 to 18 ° C. In addition, there is another row of pipes 25 (also with a gap) through which water is also pumped, but with a temperature of 21 to 25 ° C. The sheet material 1 with the openings 2 and finally the substrate 10 are located above it.

This embodiment works as follows:

The basic principle of this embodiment works according to that of the harvesting area in FIG. 6. However, the embodiment in FIG. 7 brings further advantages. Characterized in that the tubes 19 are covered with the ventilation channels 20 on the underside in the region of the air passage openings 21 with the tissue 23 , thereby humidifying the escaping air is aimed. Once it is determined that the humidity is too high, the ventilation ducts 20 are connected as venting channels and the venting channels 20 as ventilation ducts, that the air passes now through pipes 19, which are not provided with a bottom-surface tissue 23 ', so that no Humidification takes place more.

The tubes 24 and 25 in the two rows above allow the optimum temperature to be set in accordance with the growth requirements, the tubes 24 defining a cold zone and the tubes 25 defining a warm zone. Overall, a fully automatic regulation of the operating conditions for optimal growth conditions is thus created with this embodiment.

Reference list

1 sheet material
2 breakthrough
3 pipe
4 tissues
5 layer
5 ′ layer strips
6 profile rail
7 water channel
8 fructification niche
9 pipe
10 substrate
11 mycelia
12 pipe
13 fruiting bodies
14 mushroom
15 scraper rail
16 shock absorbers
17 harvest containers
18 water flow
19 pipe
20 ventilation duct
20 ′ ventilation duct
21 air passage opening
22 water channel
23 tissues
23 ′ tissue
24 tube
25 pipe

Claims (27)

1. A device for growing mushrooms (14), in particular mushrooms on a sub strate (10) for mycelia (11) for growing up of the fruit body (13), with a for mycelia (11) impenetrable se surface material (1), which is applied to the substrate (10) and at predetermined locations openings (2) for reciprocating the mycelia grow through (11) to form the fruit body (13) to the strat to the sub (10) other side of the sheet material (1), characterized by that with regard to the sheet material ( 1 ) on the side of fruiting an integrated water supply for generating the necessary moist microclimate is provided, this integrated water supply being formed by a water-storing layer ( 5 ) in the form of mutually spaced-apart layer strips ( 5 ') , in which water channels ( 7 ) run and their spacing between the layer strips ( 5 '), in which the D Breakthroughs ( 2 ) of the sheet material ( 1 ) are defined as moist fructification niches ( 8 ) with fixed side walls and that a scraper rail ( 15 ) is provided which was arranged in a predetermined fixed position from the harvesting surface and the scraper rail ( 15 ) and the harvesting surface is movable relative to one another and the mushrooms ( 14 ) exceeding a certain size are stripped off without the mushroom foot being cut off. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings ( 2 ) are slots. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface material al ( 1 ) is a sheet or a plastic film. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the On the side of the fruiting body, ventilation is provided. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the layer ( 5 ) is formed by cardboard. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a fabric ( 4 ) is arranged between the surface material ( 1 ) and the layer ( 5 ). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the layer ( 5 ) is provided with a ventilation. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the layer strips ( 5 ') are arranged in U-shaped rails ( 6 ). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layer ( 5 ) is equipped with a temperature control. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on the surface material ( 1 ) directly or indirectly, mutually parallel and spaced tubes ( 19 ) are arranged, the ventilation channels ( 20 , 20 ') with the fruiting Define air passage openings ( 21 ) which are formed on the person side and water channels ( 22 ) are additionally provided. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that between the ventilation channels ( 20 , 20 '), the water channels ( 22 ) and the fructification niches ( 8 ) are formed. 12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the tubes ( 19 ) have a substantially rectangular cross-section and are divided along the longitudinal center ne, wherein on both sides the ventilation channels ( 20 , 20 ') and in between the water channel ( 22 ) is formed. 13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the water channels ( 22 ) and the fructification niches ( 8 ) are at least partially formed with a tissue ( 23 ') such that the water in the water channel ( 23 ) via the Capillary action of the tissue ( 23 ') reaches the fructification niches ( 8 ). 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the tubes ( 19 ) with the ventilation channels ( 20 ) in the region of their air passage openings ( 21 ) are also equipped with the fabric ( 23 '). 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the ventilation channels ( 20 ) as ventilation channels and vice versa the ventilation channels ( 20 ') as ventilation channels ( 20 ) are switchable. 16. The device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that between the surface material ( 1 ) and the tubes ( 19 ) additional tubes ( 24 , 25 ) are arranged for temperature control. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the additional tubes ( 24 , 25 ) with a fabric ( 23 ') are sheathed. 18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the tubes ( 19 ) and the additional tubes ( 24 , 25 ) are offset from one another in layers to a gap. 19. Device according to one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that between the surface material ( 1 ) and the tubes ( 19 ) a fabric ( 23 ) is arranged. 20. Device according to one of claims 10 to 19, characterized in that in the ventilation channels ( 20 , 20 ') run pipes for temperature control. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that in the substrate ( 10 ) tubes ( 3 ) for temperature control. 22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the device are arranged on the faces of a cuboid, wherein the substrate ( 10 ) is located within this cuboid. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the cuboid around Longitudinal central axis is rotatable. 24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the device is formed into a tube, the sheet material ( 1 ) outside and accordingly the substrate ( 1 ) outside the tube or the sheet material ( 1 ) in NEN and accordingly the substrate ( 10 ) is inside the tube. 25. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the sliding rail ( 15 ) is movable transversely to the longitudinal extent of the fructification niches ( 8 ). 26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the Ab Streifschiene is adjustable according to the desired mushroom size. 27. The device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that in the event that the sheet material ( 1 ) is outside, the discharge of the stripped Pil ze ( 14 ) via an existing water flow ( 18 ).