DE4240389C2 - waste system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a waste disposal system according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Such a generic waste disposal system with two Crushing devices is from DE 39 41 742 A1 known.

US 3 885 744 also discloses waste disposal system. The waste disposal system according to US 3 885 744 has three shredding devices arranged in series on.

So far, you have waste with large dimensions, like them were or after a suitable treatment, for example after crushing or burning. The Final storage without any treatment is with regard to efficient use of the limited land area expedient, while burning the waste materials themselves the problem of "heating up" the earth due to generation of carbon dioxide. If the waste is rich in Are vinyl chloride plastics, they produce when burned harmful gases, such as chlorine. Such gases damage the ver kiln and shorten its operating time. If such Gases get into the atmosphere, they affect the Environment seriously. Appropriate means must therefore be found  used to release such gases into the To prevent the atmosphere.

The recovery or collection of metal from waste Substances that are rich in metal are used to a large extent executed (JP 50-15 67 54 A1), regarding the collection of the Remains, d. H. of substances after removing the Metals remain, but no suggestions are available. Such remains are usually treated with or without treatment, for example, after being burned, which causes the problems mentioned above arise. In JP 50-10 87 65 A1 and 50-81 967 A1 are methods of sorting waste substances described. However, these procedures mainly concern sorting out metals from other components Plastics are used together with paper and others treated materials without being removed from the rest Fabrics are sorted out.

G. Schubert "Mechanical Sorting Processes for Solid Waste"; 3.1. and 3.2. in: Fifth Duisburg Recycling Days, information leaflet 42 , edited by Joachim Agst, Duisburg, March 1991, pp. 106 to 119, discloses in general terms conventional methods and devices for mechanical sorting of solid waste. In particular, this document deals with non-metal-metal separation and metal-metal separation.

The publication recycling of plastic waste: basic gen - technology - economy / by Georg Härdtle. , , - Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 1988, pp. 33 to 35 (supplements on garbage and waste: H. 27), ISBN 3-503-02715-7 discloses various ne separators for sorting plastics. From the DE PS 14 04 460 is a device for cold grinding art substances known, and DE 87 08 522 U1 discloses one Device for extracting gaseous refrigerant from the cold Investments.  

A simple process for sorting plastic uses the difference in density (JP 52-15 13 71 A1, 58-20 55 52 A1). These procedures are only effective if the different waste components different Have densities, but no longer work if the different components have similar densities to this is the case with different plastics.

Other sorting methods are based on the difference in the Melting points. Such measures are effective for the Ent supply of foams made of thermoplastic materials. If the plastics contain vinyl chloride plastics, however, toxic gases are generated when melting, which leads to Damage to the device and impairment of the Environment leads.

The known disposal methods in which waste with large dimensions after a volume reduction  Shredding and incineration ultimately lead to problems related to global warming the production of carbon dioxide and in terms of serious Damage to the incinerators, especially if vinyl chloride plastics are present.

The method according to JP-50-15 67 54 A1, in which metal le collected and residues are used for final storage, can meet the needs for effective use of the limited land area is not satisfactory because this method does not have sufficient volume reduction has an effect.

The sorting-out effect with the methods according to JP-52- 15 13 71 A1 and 58-20 55 52 A1 is then not sufficient, if the waste has different components with similar ones Contains density values. Sorting out by density is also not suitable if the waste has a component whose Density changes depending on the state, for example Foams.

Sorting by the difference in melting temperature is for the disposal of common waste that is common Vinyl chloride plastics contain unsuitable art create harmful gases during melting, which the Disposal device damaged and harmful to the environment Untitled. Also, this procedure cannot be used for disposal used in materials made from thermosetting plastics because such plastics do not decompose when heated become.

The production of foams is widely used used as a foaming agent hydrocarbon especially for the production of foams for thermal insulation tion. To protect the ozone layer around the earth, however Regulations have been issued restricting the use of fluorocarbons  severely restrict as a foaming agent. The Preserving the ozone layer does not only require a limitation increase in the use of fluorocarbon foaming agents, but also the collection and disposal of such foam means that are already in foams to be disposed of are closed. When disposing of such foams The hydrocarbon trapped therein has so far escaped into the atmosphere.

In the generic known from DE 39 41 742 A1 Waste disposal system, the waste material is already in crushed the first shredding device in such a way that Fluorocarbon gas in larger quantities on natural Way escapes from the shredded foam material. According to DE 39 41 742 A1 must therefore already at this point Plant caught hydrocarbon and the foam medium cooling device are supplied. This is served by a Pipeline. Since in the known from DE 39 41 742 A1 But not only at the first shredding unit direction, but also in all further procedural steps Fluorocarbon gas is released, the fluorine hydrocarbon gas in this plant about a complicated Gas routing system can be detected to make it finally full to be able to continuously supply the foaming agent cooling device.

The invention has for its object a waste disposal Providing system with which almost all parts of the waste can be regenerated for recycling can, in particular an escape of fluorocarbons effective and easier than hydrogen in the atmosphere should be prevented known from the prior art. According to the invention, this object is achieved by waste Disposal system according to claim 1.

In the waste disposal system according to the invention first shredder designed to contain waste items  shredded into web-like pieces and one Layer of foamed material from a metal on which the Layer of foamed material is adhered, peels off. The first shredding device in the invention Waste disposal system thus shreds the foamed mate rial not such that noticeable amounts of fluorocarbon material gas are released. This is done according to the invention only in the separator. In this way, inventions according to the subsystem for collecting the fluorocarbons substance gases can be made easier. Furthermore granted does the waste disposal system according to the invention with the additional shredding device, the metal sorting device direction and the plastic sorting device a complete treatment of waste. The need for treatment such as incineration of the waste thus largely reduced.

The invention therefore contributes significantly to prevention heating up the earth due to carbon dioxide production through combustion at. Since also from the foam of the If the fluorocarbons are collected, a will made a significant contribution to the preservation of the ozone layer.

With the waste disposal system according to the invention handle almost all types of large-sized pieces of waste deln, the materials of these items collected and can be recovered, making it possible to restore them Reuse materials while preserving them a contribution is made to natural resources. The Volume of fragments that are final for regeneration must be disposed of, can be greatly reduced ren, which is favorable in view of the limited end position approximately surfaces. Since combustion is no longer necessary, is also heating up the earth  Prevents carbon dioxide that is produced during combustion.

Furthermore, with the waste disposal system Fluorkoh Hydrogen oils that were previously used as refrigerants or Foaming agents are used, which helps preserve the globa environment.

Advantageous and preferred embodiments of the inventions Waste disposal system according to the invention are the subject of Claims 2 to 17.

Exemplary embodiments of the Invention explained in more detail. Show it  

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a case disposal system Ab,

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a waste management system,

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a plastic sorting apparatus of the systems of Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a modification of the animal Kunststoffsor device of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a refrigerant collecting means of the systems of Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 6 a perspective view of a grinder in a Zerklei nerungsvorrichtung of the system of Fig. 1,

Fig. 7 is a perspective partial view of a rotary blade of the grinder,

Fig. 8 schematically shows the arrangement of a storage bin, a conveyor system, the pre-treatment apparatus and a metal crushing apparatus of a third embodiment,

Fig. 9 schematically illustrates the structure of a Kältemittelsammelein direction to the third embodiment,

Fig. 10 shows schematically the structure of a processing Zerkleinerungsvorrich and a Leichtstoffsepariervorrichtung the third embodiment,

Fig. 11 schematically illustrates the structure of a Kunststoffsortiervor direction to the third embodiment,

Fig. 12 schematically shows a further Kunststoffsortiervorrich processing of the third embodiment,

Fig. 13 schematically illustrates the structure of a Schäummittelsammelvor direction to the third embodiment,

Fig. 14 schematically guide form a further possible arrangement of storage space and the conveying apparatus of a fourth off,

Fig. 15 schematically illustrates the structure of a Zerkleinerungsvorrich processing of the fourth embodiment,

Fig. 16 schematically illustrates the structure of a metal crushing apparatus of the fourth embodiment,

Fig. 17 schematically illustrates the structure of a Metallsepariervorrich processing of the fourth embodiment,

Fig. 18 shows schematically the structure of a Kunststoffsortiervor direction of the fourth embodiment and

Fig. 19 shows schematically the structure of a Schäummittelammelvor direction of the fourth embodiment.

The waste disposal system shown in FIG. 1 has a storage location 1 , on which waste materials are roughly sorted according to type, a feed device 2 and a pretreatment device 3 , to which the waste materials are fed by the feed device 2 . The pretreatment device 3 has a refrigerant collecting device 4 , a separating device 5 for large glass parts and a separating device 6 for metal. The disposal system further has a shredding device 7 with one or two shredding stages, a light material separating device 8 and a metal sorting device 9 . The metal sorting device 9 has a magnetic sorter 10 and an eddy current sorter 11 . The system also has a plastic sorting device 12 which has a cooling device 13 , a shredder 14 and a screen sorter 15 . The system also includes a cryogenic device or cryogenic device 16 for crushing the metal masses. This device 16 has a cooling device 17 and a shredder 18 . Part of the system is also a foaming agent collecting device 19 with a shredder 20 for shredding the foams, a separator 21 for separating foaming agent and resin components from one another, and a foaming agent cooling device 22 .

Thrown away electrical household machines collected from a collecting vehicle are roughly sorted into four types, namely refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions and washing machines, which are stored in storage space 1 . The discarded household electrical machines of any kind are then introduced into the pretreatment device 3 by the feeder 2 . In the pretreatment device 3 , refrigerant from the refrigerators and air conditioners was located, which is shown by arrows 101 and 101 a, is drawn off by the refrigerant collecting device 4 , which will be described in more detail and which is included in the pretreatment device 3 . The refrigerant drawn off is collected, which is shown by arrow 116 . Thereafter, the processor is removed from each refrigerator through the metal separator 6 . If the waste pieces are televisions, a separator 5 for large pieces of glass in the pretreatment device 3 separates the cathode ray tubes from the televisions, which is shown by arrows 102 and 102 a. If the piece of waste is not a refrigerator, an air conditioner or a television, but another machine, for example a washing machine, metal parts, for example the motor, are removed from the piece of waste by the metal separating device 6 , which is indicated by arrows 103 and 103 a is illustrated. The metal separating device 6 can have a guillotine-like machine, which is a kind of clipper. The Separiereinrich device 5 for large-sized glass pieces can be a striking machine that crushes glass by striking it several times with a hammer or with a compression tool, whereby the glass pieces are crushed by compression.

Due to the pretreatment, the metal parts are removed from the discarded electrical household machines. The residual components, as shown by arrow 104 , are led to the shredding device 7 , which shreds the remaining components into fragments of 50 to 100 mm using a one-stage or two-stage shredding mechanism. The fragments are then sorted by material type. For the disposal of refrigerators, two-stage or multi-stage shredding mechanisms are preferred, since such waste parts require a separation of foamed urethane from thin iron sheets.

The waste fragments generated by the shredding device 7 are then sorted by type of material and transported to the light material separating device 8 , which separates the light-weight quantity, such as parts made from foamed urethane, as illustrated by an arrow 105 . The light fragments thus separated are conveyed to the foaming agent collecting device 19 , which is illustrated by an arrow 107 , while the heavy fragments separated from the foamed fragments are brought to the metal sorting device 9 , which is illustrated by an arrow 106 . The light weight separator 8 can be constructed to blow air onto the waste fragments released by the crusher 7 to sort foamed fragments from the other fragments, taking advantage of the fact that the density of such fragments is much lower than that remaining fragments. Alternatively, an inclined vibratory conveyor can be used as a light material separator, with the foamed fragments being removed from a top part of the conveyor with a light weight, while heavier fragments are collected from a bottom section of the conveyor.

Metal elements, such as compressors or motors, which have been removed from the metal separating device 6 of the pretreatment device 3 are, as illustrated by an arrow 113 , brought to the cryogenic device 16 . In this device 16 , the metal is cooled to a very low temperature of -100 ° C. or even lower by the cooling device 17 and broken up into fragments by the shredder 18 . The crushing takes place with a comparatively low impact force due to the cold brittleness that the metals have overall. The metal fragments thus obtained are led to the metal sorting device 9 , which is illustrated by the arrow 106 , together with the heavy components from the light material separating device 8 .

First, the iron-containing metal fragments are sorted out of the metal fragments and collected by the magnetic sorter 10 in the magnet sorting device, which is shown by an arrow 108 . The non-ferrous metal fragments are then separated and collected by the eddy current sorter 11 , which is illustrated by an arrow 109 . The rest is made entirely of plastic. The plastic fragments are then transported to the plastic sorting device 12 , which is shown by an arrow 102 . As described, the plastic sorting device 12 has a cooling device 13 , a chopper 14 and a screen sorter 15 . The plastic fragments fed to the plastic sorting device 12 are first cooled to a temperature between 0 ° C. and -60 ° C. by the cooling device 13 and crushed by the shredder 14 , which is usually an impact shredder. The plastic sorting device 12 sorts plastic fragments according to the difference in embrittlement temperature between different types of plastics. Overall, vinyl chloride plastics have higher embrittlement temperatures than other plastics and are therefore shredded into fragments that are finer than those of other plastics. The fragments comminuted by the chopper 14 are passed to the screen sorter, which sorts the plastic fragments into finer fragments, which mainly consist of vinyl chloride plastics, and comparatively large plastic fragments which contain only a small proportion of vinyl chloride plastic. Thus, the vinyl chloride plastics are sorted out, which is illustrated by an arrow 111 , while the remaining plastics are collected as plastics which are easily reusable, which is shown by an arrow 112 .

In the meantime, the foams separated from the light material separating device 8 are conveyed to the foaming agent collecting device 19 according to arrow 107 , in which the foams are crushed by the shredder 20 and then sorted into solid plastics and gaseous foaming agents by the separator 21 . The solid plastics are collected, which is shown by an arrow 114 , while the gaseous foaming agent is mixed with the ambient air. The mixture is transported into the cooling device 22 , which is shown by an arrow 115 . The gaseous mixture is cooled by the cooling device 22 , whereby the foaming agent is liquefied so that it can be collected, which is indicated by an arrow 116 light, while the air is returned to the shredder 20 , which is shown by an arrow 117 . As a result, the hydrocarbon gas used as the foaming agent and the plastics are separated from one another and collected independently of one another.

This makes it possible to form refrigerants or foaming gases of fluorocarbons that have not been collected so far could be separated and collected. In addition to The recovery of metal components also becomes plastics sorted. Plastic components for recycling are suitable for further use as a whole melts so that the amount of waste that goes to final disposal must be greatly reduced.

In the described embodiment, the removal of the metal parts, such as the compressors and motors, which is carried out by the pretreatment device 3 , should take place in a safe mode of operation and with a long-lasting Zerkleinerungsvor device 7 . The shredding device 7 plays a double role in that it cuts thin metals and separates metals from plastics. The Zerklei nerungsvorrichtung 7 is so designed that it can cut metal sheets with a thickness of about 0.1 mm. Therefore, if metal parts such as motors are inserted into the Zerkleinerungsvor device 7 , shear blades are seriously damaged, so that the crushing device 7 is no longer able to play the above-mentioned dual role. The shredding device 7 is the device that initially shreds large elements. It can therefore be heavily loaded. The crushing of metal elements with this device 7 would therefore lead to a blocking of the device.

In the waste disposal system of FIG. 2, a metal sorting device 9 is provided which corresponds to the first embodiment, with the exception that it additionally has a stainless steel separator 23 and a density separator 24 . The system also has a plastic sorting device 12 which is similar to the structure of the first, but in addition a sorter 26 separating by density is provided. Furthermore, there is an electrostatic separator 25 between the metal sorting device 9 and the plastic sorting device 12 before. In some cases, after the ferrous metal fragments are separated by the magnetic sorter 10 , the metal fragments contain fragments of stainless steel, which is considered to be non-magnetic as a whole. The fragments can also contain wooden parts that are produced when wooden television housings are shredded. The embodiment of Fig. 2 provides for the separation and collection of the stainless steel and wood. Although stainless steel as a whole is not magnetic, when cut, bent, or otherwise machined, it exhibits local changes in its metallurgical structure that allow magnetization, even if the degree of magnetization is very low. The stainless steel separator 23 used here is capable of generating a stronger magnetism than that produced by a conventional magnetic sorter for separating ferrous metals, and can therefore separate stainless steel fragments that have only been slightly magnetized are.

The non-ferrous metal fragments that have been separated and collected by the eddy current sorter 11 , as illustrated by arrow 109 , are conveyed to the density separating sorter 24 , which sorts non-ferrous metal fragments by type of material, so that the reuse of the Materials is facilitated. The non-ferrous metal fragments are sorted and collected in three ways, namely in copper fragments - arrow 120 , in aluminum fragments - arrow 121 and in other non-ferrous metal fragments - arrow 122 . The specific gravity or density of the reference liquid used in the sorter 24 should not be less than 2.0 g / cm ³ when considering that the liquid is used to sort metals. Only a few metals meet this requirement. Therefore, in the described embodiment, a magnetic fluid is used as the reference liquid for the density, which has different densities depending on the strength of the magnetic field acting on it. By using two different magnetic strength levels, it is possible to sort three types of non-ferrous metals. Another liquid for density can be water or oil with a suspended metal powder so as to adjust the density of the liquid.

As a result, the waste fragments that are discharged from the metal sorting device 9 , which is illustrated by the arrow 110 , are mainly plastic fragments. However, wooden fragments, for example from television housings, can also be present. In order to enable reuse of the finally sorted plastics, one would like to separate the wood fragments from the plastics. The electrostatic separator 25 , which is connected to the outlet end of the metal sorting device 9 , is used for such a separation in the embodiment of FIG. 2. The electrostatic separator 25 consists of the separator alone or of a dryer and the separator. The electrostatic separator 25 can separate various materials by using the electrostatic chargeability of the materials. Wooden fragments can be separated easily because wood is less rechargeable than plastic.

The waste fragments discharged from the electrostatic separator 25 , which mainly consist of plastic fragments, are led to the plastic sorting device 12 , which is illustrated by an arrow 123 . The plastic fragments are then sorted into two groups, namely a first group, which is rich in vinyl chloride plastic fragments, which are collected, which is illustrated by an arrow 111 , and a second group, which contains only a small amount of vinyl chloride plastics and which is also collected, which is indicated by 112. However, the waste fragments according to arrow 111 also contain other recyclable plastics in addition to the vinyl chloride plastics. One would like to separate and collect these recyclable plastics from the waste fragments according to arrow 111 . The sorter 26 according to density is used for this in the embodiment of FIG. 2. Vinyl chloride plastics have a comparatively high density of about 1.3 g / cm ³ to 1.6 g / cm ³ . Vinyl chloride plastic fragments therefore separate in the sorter 26 according to density and are collected, which is illustrated by an arrow 124 , while reusable plastic fragments are separated and collected by flotation, which is shown by an arrow 125 . Compared with Fig. 1, the embodiment of Fig. 2 is more advantageous in that the metal fragments are further sorted out and that the recovery of reusable plastics is expanded. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 of the magnetic sorter 10, the eddy current grader 11 and the sorter 23 for stainless steel in the metal sorting device 9 are built in one stage. However, each of these sorters can be built in several stages as required. Multi-stage sorters are used to improve sorting efficiency. The sorters 24 and 25 according to density can also be built in several stages in order to increase the number of rejects obtained and to improve the sorting efficiency.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 modification, a plastic sorting device 12 a is used, which differs from the plastics sorting apparatus 12 of the Ausführunsform of Fig. 2 in that a dryer 27, a shredding rer 28, an electrostatic separator 29 and a sortie rer 30 according to density. Waste materials which have been separated from the metals by the metal sorting device 9 in the construction of FIG. 1 or 2 are dried by the dryer 27 and crushed by the shredder 28 into grains of a set size. The waste plastic granules or granules with a set size are fed to the electrostatic separator 29 , which separates the plastic granules into two groups, namely a first group consisting mainly of plastics with a high electrostatic chargeability, for example polyethylene resin and vinyl chloride resin, the latter Sorting is illustrated by an arrow 127 , and in a second group (arrow 128 ), which mainly consists of other plastics with a lower electrostatic chargeability. The first group of plastics with high electrostatic chargeability contains vinyl chloride plastic fragments, so this group is led to the sorter 30 by density, in which the granules of the vinyl chloride plastic are separated and removed, as illustrated by arrow 129 , while for reuse suitable plastics are collected, for which the arrow 130 stands.

The use of the dryer 27 is not important. The dryer 27 can be omitted, provided that the waste introduced into the plastic sorting device 12 a is dry. The plastic sorting device 12 a, in which the dryer is missing, can therefore also be used in the embodiment of FIG. 2.

In further modifications, other plastic devices are used, one of which is shown in FIG. 4. This plastic sorting device 12 b uses a multi-stage electrostatic sorter to separate the plastics. In the plastic sorting device 12 b, a dryer 27 , a shredder 28 , through which waste granules of regular size are obtained, an electrostatic separator forming a first stage, which separates polystyrene plastics and vinyl chloride plastics with high electrostatic chargeability according to arrow 127 , and a second stage electrostatic separator 31 is provided which separates polystyrene plastics 132 and vinyl chloride plastics 131 from one another.

The refrigerant collecting device 4 shown in FIG. 5 has a connector device 32 for withdrawing refrigerant from a refrigerator, an oil separator 33 for separating lubricating oil from the refrigerant-oil mixture, a compressor 34 for generating the energy for collecting refrigerant, and a cooling device 35 for cooling and Ver liquid of the refrigerant and a pipe assembly which connects these components to form a system that is separated from the ambient air. When the Kältemittelsam meleinrichtung 4 operates, the compressor 34 is activated to lower the internal pressure of a portion of the above-mentioned closed system between the connecting pipe means 32 upstream of the compressor 34 and the oil separator 33 , whereby refrigerant is sucked out of the refrigerator. Thereafter, the oil is separated in the oil separator while the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 34 to a high pressure and a high temperature. The compressed refrigerant is then cooled by the cooling device 35 so that it condenses to its liquid phase. The refrigerant thus liquefied is collected in a refrigerant cylinder or the like (not shown) for which the arrow 116 stands. The connector device 32 may have a sharp tear-open protrusion for piercing the refrigerant tube so that the refrigerant can be removed from the refrigerator.

The shredding device 7 shown in FIG. 6 is used for the coarse shredding of waste materials and for sorting the fragments according to the type of material and for sorting out metal plates and foamed urethane plastic layers which are used for thermal insulation in a refrigerator. The shredder 7 of Fig. 6 has a first stage shredder 36 which shreds the waste element into sheet-like pieces 37 , rotary knife 38 for changing the direction of the sheet-like pieces 37 and a second step shredder 39 which sweeps the sheet-like pieces 37 in Directions crushed that differ from those of the first stage crushing. Each of the shredders 36 and 39 has a rotary cutter 42 a, 42 b with a pair of shafts 41 , which have a plurality of shredding knives 40 and which are arranged so that these knives interlock.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the thickness 51 of the knife blades 40 and their distance 52 are 50 to 100 mm, so that the intermeshing knife blades are opposite one another with a distance 53 of 1 to 10 mm. With this arrangement it is possible to shear the waste into fragments of 50 to 10 mm in length. The free space 53 between the blades 42 a and 42 b of both rotary shafts reduces the shear effect somewhat, but enables the shredder 36 and 39 to act on the waste fragments which act in such a direction that the material peels off the metal becomes. It is thereby possible to separate a thin layer of the foam material, for example the heat insulation, from the metal on which the layer is adhesively attached.

In the waste disposal system shown in FIGS. 8 to 13, a storage location 1 , a conveyor device 2 , a pretreatment device 3 and a metal comminution device 16 are provided. The wastes, such as refrigerators 402 , washing machines 403 , television sets 404 and the like, which are delivered by a collecting vehicle, are guided to the treatment device 3 by the conveyor 2 . If the waste article to be pretreated is a refrigerator, the pretreatment device 3 works in such a way that refrigerant is withdrawn from the refrigerator by starting up the refrigerant collecting device 4 . According to Fig. 8 and 9 4 has the refrigerant collecting means comprises a connecting tube 32, an oil sump 301, a compressor 34 and a liquid circulating pump 406th The refrigerant and the oil collected by the refrigerant collecting device 4 are received in a refrigerant tank 407 and in the oil collecting tank 410 and taken to the reprocessing factories, which is illustrated by arrows 408 and 409 .

Then metallic or metal-containing parts, for example the compressor 302 as well as sealing rubber 303 containing magnets, are removed from the frame of the refrigerator 402 . The frame is then transported to a frame crusher 7 shown in FIG. 10. If the article to be pretreated is a washing machine 403 , the metallic parts, for example the motor and the coupling, are removed, while if the article was a television receiver 404 , the cathode ray tube 306 is detached from the housing 305 . Most of the parts remaining after cathode ray tube 306 is removed form housing 305 . The remains are transported to a shredding device 7 according to FIG. 10.

The metal 304 , for example the compressor 302 , the motor and the clutch, which have been removed by the pretreatment device 3 , are comminuted by the metal comminution device 16 . The metal introduced into the metal comminution device 16 is first cooled by a cooling medium 1601 , for example liquefied air, to a temperature which is below the embrittlement temperature of the ferrous metals, and comminuted by blows or impacts which the comminution device 18 issues. As a result, the ferrous metals are broken up into fine fragments, which are then transported to a metal sorting device 9 , as shown in FIG. 11, by means of a conveyor 1602 . Meanwhile, the cooling medium evaporated by the heat derived from the metal in the cooling device 17 is used as the cooling gas 1604 for cooling a foaming agent collecting device 19 and / or a plastic sorting device 12 .

The substances introduced into the shredding device 7 are introduced into a first shredder 703 at a speed which is regulated by a hydraulic control system 702 , whereby they are shredded into fragments of approximately 100 mm in size and then from a second shredder 704 into finer fragments be crushed in sizes of about 50 mm.

From the shredder 7 shredded waste materials are then transported to the light material separating device 8 , which has an air classifier 801 for separating foamed material, such as foamed polyurethane. After separation of the foamed urethane, the waste materials are passed to the metal sorting device 9 , as shown in Fig. 11, in which they are subjected to sieving through a sieve 901 with a mesh size between 80 and 100 mm, whereby copper strand sheathed wires 102 are obtained , Then ferrous metal fragments 908 are separated by two stages 903 and 904 of a magnetic sorter. An aluminum separator 905 with a magnet wheel separates aluminum 906 and other non-ferrous metals by means of electrical eddy currents. Another separation of ferrous metals is done magnetically. The remaining after the separation of these metals consists mainly of plastic waste fragments 907 , which are guided to the plastic sorting device 12 , as shown in Fig. 12. The ferrous metals 908 and aluminum 906 that have been sorted out in the metal sorting device 9 are taken to corresponding factories for regeneration, which is illustrated by arrows 909 and 910 , respectively.

The waste fragments 907 , which are mainly made of plastic and are obtained in the plastic sorting device 12 , are brought into a cold chamber 1203 . In an evaporator 1202 , liquid nitrogen is evaporated from a tank 1201 for liquid nitrogen. The resulting gaseous nitrogen with a very low temperature is introduced into the cold chamber 1203 and cools the waste fragments 907 to a very low temperature of -20 ° C to -40 ° C. The gas is reintroduced into the evaporator 1202 using a blower. The waste material cooled in the cold chamber is crushed by a sorting crusher 14 . The shredded fragments and separated by the sorting shredder 14 are roughly classified by a sieve separator 15 . A funnel 1208 located under the screen then picks up the plastic fragments that are rich in vinyl chloride. However, the fragments contained in funnel 1208 contain other plastics besides vinyl chloride that are reusable. For this purpose, a sink separator, for example a density 1209 separator is used, which effectively collects such reusable plastics and sorts the collected plastics.

The foamed polyurethane separated from the air classifier 801 as shown in Fig. 10 is then brought to a foaming agent collecting device. The fragments of the foams are introduced into a cyclone separator 802 , in which the fragments are separated from the conveying air and into a funnel 1903 , which has a separating device 1904 with sliding gates 1901 and 1902 , which can close the inlet and outlet of the separating device 1904 . The plastics and the foaming agent are separated by compression or crushing, which is carried out in the separator 1904 . The separated plastics are compacted by the separator 1904 and led out of the device 1904 through the sliding gate 1902 , which is shown by the arrow 1904 , to a place where polyurethane is appropriately disposed of. The direction of the foaming agent is brought SECTIONING 1904 separated by a blower 1907 in contact with activated carbon of an adsorption 1909 where it is adsorbed by the activated carbon. The foaming agent is then released by application of heat and then liquefied by cooling 1911 , 1912 , the use of a heat sink, for example a cooling device 1914 , so that the foaming agent 1913 is collected in liquid form.

In this embodiment, separate cold sources are used for the plastic sorting device 12 and the foam collecting device 19 . However, this arrangement is only an example. The arrangement can also be made so that when the refrigerator comminution takes place in the metal comminution device 16 , the loss cold 1603 ( FIG. 8) from the device 1603 is used as a cold source, both for the plastic sorting device 12 and for the foaming agent collecting device tung 19 .

In the embodiment shown in FIGS . 14 to 19, a storage location 1 and a feed device 2 , but not a pretreatment device, are provided.

In the bin 1 , the various waste items are collected. They are transported by vehicles, for example by a vehicle 420 in the local service for the collection of fluorocarbons (for air conditioning systems), by a preservation vehicle 421 (with carbon fluoride collection system including refrigerators), by a preservation vehicle 422 (with fluorocarbon collection system excluding refrigerators) and a truck 423 .

The fluorocarbon, which was collected by the fluorocarbon collection vehicle 420 and the preservation vehicle 421 , is discharged via a line (arrow 415 ) and, after the separation of oil, is filled into bottles. The storage area has a house-like superstructure, the interior of which is sealed as airtight as possible from the outside. In order to avoid the spread of unpleasant smell, the air in storage space 1 is guided into a deodorization system, which is illustrated by an arrow 426 . The wastewater (water and oil) generated in the storage area is led into a wastewater treatment system through a drain in the floor of the storage area (arrow 409 ). The waste materials stored in the storage location 1 are guided by a crane 427 of the feed device 2 to a comminution device 7 , which is shown in FIG. 15. The shredding device 7 has a working with centrifugal or spring action shredder 707 with an inlet, which can be closed by an explosion protection 706 . An emergency outlet duct 705 is formed on the upper side of the pulverizer 707 . The explosion protection closure 706 and the emergency outlet channel 705 prevent an unusual pressure increase in the small valve 707 , which can occur, for example, when a gas-containing container, for example a gas cylinder which still contains gas, is introduced as waste material, thereby ensuring safety. The crusher 707 blows out the metal, such as an engine or a compressor, during the comminution, during the comminution, with other substances being comminuted. The fragments obtained by crushing are sent to a shredder. The blasted off from the shredder 707 are transported by a conveyor 709 to the metal shredding device 16 . Relatively small electrical household machines, for example a television receiver, a radio or a tape recorder, are, as illustrated by 428, led directly to the shredder 711 , bypassing the shredder 707 . The 711 shredder shreds the fragments of waste materials and also sorts the fragments according to the type of material. Drain liquid, such as oil, which is released in the shredder 711 , is led to the waste water treatment system for disposal, which is what the arrow 712 stands for. The fragments obtained from the shredding and separating from the shredder 711 are led to a wind sifter 713 of the light material separating device 8 , whereby fragments of foamed urethane are separated from the remains. The remaining fragments of the waste material are then transported to the metal sorting device shown in FIG. 17. In the meantime, plastics and the foaming agent are separated from each other in the foamed polyurethane. The separated plastics are taken up and discharged to the outside. The foaming agent is collected together with the foaming agents which have been separated in the crusher 707 and the shredder 711 and fed to the foaming agent collecting device 19 , as shown in FIG. 19.

Metal, such as a compressor, motor, or clutch, separated by the crusher 707 is fed to the metal crusher 16 of FIG. 15, from which it is chopped. The Metallzerkleinerungsvor device 16 has a cooling device 17 , which cools the metal to a temperature below the embrittlement temperature for ferrous metals, for which a cooling medium 1604 , such as liquid air, is used. The cooled metal is then comminuted by a comminutor 18 , whereby ferrous metals are comminuted into fine fragments. The fine fragments of the ferrous metals are fed to a metal sorting device 9 , as shown in FIG. 18, via a conveyor 1605 made of stainless steel or aluminum. The cooling medium, which has been evaporated as a result of the cooling of the metal in the cooling device 17 , is used as cold gas 1602 , for example as a cold source for the foaming agent collecting device 19 and the plastic sorting device 12 .

The fragments of the waste materials introduced into the metal sorting device 9 are sorted into three groups, namely into non-ferrous metals 912 , into ferrous metals 914 and into other substances 913 , namely via two sorting stages, namely via a magnetic sorter 911 , which is a magnet wheel Generation of electrical eddy currents used. The other materials or remains 913 are sieved by a sieve 916 , whereby copper wire 917 , which may still be present in the rest, and glass 919 and other substances are collected, which are separated from a sieve 918 , which has a sieve size between about 5 and has 10 mm. The glass and the other substances 919 that have been sieved out through the sieve are led to a further treatment, for example sintering, which is illustrated by the arrow 920 . The rest on the sieve is essentially plastic. This plastic is then transported to a plastic sorting device 12 , as shown in Fig. 18.

The waste fragments mainly made of plastic, which are accommodated in the plastic sorting device 12 , are introduced into a cooling chamber 1212 . The cold gas 1602 from the metal crusher 16 of FIG. 16 is introduced into the cooling chamber 1212 after temperature regulation by a temperature controller 1211 and cools the waste fragments 907 down to a very low temperature from -20 ° C to -40 ° C. The gas is then fed back into the temperature controller 1211 with the aid of a blower 1205 . The waste cooled in the cooling chamber 1212 is crushed by a sorting crusher 14 . The fragments shredded and separated by the sorting shredder 14 are roughly classified by a sieve separator 15 . A funnel 1208 located under the sieve thus receives plastic fragments that are rich in vinyl chloride. However, the fragments contained in funnel 1208 contain other plastics besides vinyl chloride, which are reusable. Therefore, a sink separator, ie a 1209 separator by density, is used for an effective collection of such reusable plastics and for sorting the plastic thus collected. The reference density liquid used in the sinker of the 1209 becomes contaminated during use. Therefore, a liquid density monitor 1216 with reference density is used to monitor the density of this liquid.

The foaming agent separated from the foamed polyurethane resin separated from the air classifier 713 in FIG. 15 is fed into the foaming agent collecting device 19 through a blower 1916 through a filter 1915 together with the foaming agents contained in the crusher 707 and the shredder 711 . The foaming agent collecting device 19 has a refrigeration tank 1919 that liquefies the foaming agent by using the latent heat that is dissipated when the agent itself is evaporated. The liquefied foaming agent is then passed through a sink separator 1923 where water is removed from the foaming agent, thereby collecting fluorocarbon in 1925 . The air-enriched foaming agent is brought to a location upstream from the cold tank 1919 and adsorbed by activated carbon of an adsorbent 1909 as in the previous embodiment. The foamed agent adsorbed by the activated carbon is released by applying heat and liquefied by a cooler 1911 , so that it can be collected as a liquid foaming agent 1913 .

In this embodiment, the plastic sorting device 12 and the foaming agent collecting device 19 use independent cold sources. However, the arrangement can be such that the cold 1602 , which comes out of the metal reduction device 16 , is used as a cold source for both the plastic sorting device 12 and for the foam by means of the collecting device 19 .

The preferred embodiments described above of the waste disposal system enable extensive treatments.

Claims (17)

1. Waste disposal system with
a first comminution device ( 7 ) for comminuting waste objects,
a light material separating device ( 8 ) for separating the waste objects shredded by the first shredding device ( 7 ) into foamed material and other waste,
a second size reduction device ( 20 ) for size reduction of the foamed material obtained by the light material separation device ( 8 ),
a separating device ( 21 ) for separating the foamed material comminuted by the second comminuting device ( 20 ) into solid plastics and gaseous foaming agent,
a foaming agent cooling device ( 22 ) for liquefying the gaseous foaming agent by cooling and
a metal body separating device ( 6 ) for separating metal bodies from the waste objects before the waste objects are introduced into the first comminution device ( 7 ),
characterized in that the waste disposal system
a third comminution device ( 16 ) for comminuting the metal bodies separated by the metal body separation device ( 6 ),
a metal sorting device ( 9 ) which receives the waste material obtained by the third size reduction device ( 16 ) and the other waste material obtained by the light material separating device ( 8 ) and separates it into ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals, and
a plastic sorting device ( 12 ) which is arranged downstream of the metal sorting device ( 9 ),
having,
in which
the third comminution device ( 16 ) is a low-temperature comminution device and
the first shredding device ( 7 ), in addition to shredding the waste articles into sheet-like pieces ( 37 ), peels off a layer of foamed material from a metal to which the layer of foamed material is adhesively attached. 2. Waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized by a refrigerant collecting device ( 4 ) for collecting refrigerant from the waste objects. 3. Waste disposal system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a device ( 5 ) for separating large-sized glass in order to detach large-sized glass from the waste objects. 4. Waste disposal system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by a feed device ( 2 ) for feeding the waste objects while they are sorted, from a storage location ( 1 ) selectively to the refrigerant collecting device ( 4 ) and the separating device ( 5 ) for large glass , 5. Waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal sorting device ( 9 ) has a magnetic sorter ( 10 ) and an eddy current sorter ( 11 ). 6. Waste disposal system according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal sorting device ( 9 ) has a separator ( 23 ) for stainless steel, which is arranged between the magnetic sorter ( 10 ) and the eddy current sorter ( 11 ) and which generates a magnetism that is stronger than that of the eddy current sorter ( 11 ). 7. Waste disposal system according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the metal sorting device ( 9 ) further comprises a sorter ( 24 ) according to density, which is provided downstream of the eddy current sorter ( 11 ) and is used for sorting non-ferrous metals. 8. Waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized by an electrostatic separating device ( 25 ) which is arranged between the metal sorting device ( 9 ) and the plastic sorting device ( 12 ). 9. Waste disposal system according to claim 7, characterized by an electrostatic separating device ( 25 ) which is arranged downstream of the eddy current sorter ( 11 ) parallel to the sorter ( 24 ) according to density. 10. Waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic sorting device ( 12 ) for crushing plastics by utilizing the cold embrittlement of the plastics has a cooling device ( 13 ) for cooling the plastics and a shredder ( 14 ) for shredding the cooled plastics. 11. Waste disposal system according to claim 10, characterized in that the plastic sorting device ( 12 ) has a screen sorter ( 15 ) which is arranged downstream of the shredder ( 14 ). 12. Waste disposal system according to claim 11, characterized in that the plastic sorting device ( 12 ) has a sorter ( 26 ) according to density, which is arranged downstream of the screen sorter ( 15 ). 13. Waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic sorting device ( 12 a, 12 b) has a dryer ( 27 ) and a shredder ( 28 ) for shredding plastic using the brittleness of the plastics. 14. Waste disposal system according to claim 13, characterized in that the plastic sorting device ( 12 a) has an electrostatic separator ( 29 ), which is arranged downstream of the shredder ( 28 ), and a sorter ( 30 ) according to density, which is downstream of the electrostatic separator ( 29 ) is arranged. 15. Waste disposal system according to claim 13, characterized in that the plastic sorting device has a two-stage electrostatic separator ( 29 , 31 ) which is arranged downstream of the shredder ( 28 ). 16. Waste disposal system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third shredding device ( 16 ) has an impact shredder ( 18 ). 17. Waste disposal system according to claim 2, characterized in that the refrigerant collecting device ( 4 ) an oil separator ( 33 ) for separating oil from the refrigerant, a compressor ( 34 ) for generating a power for collecting the refrigerant and a cooling device ( 35 ) for cooling and liquefying the collected refrigerant.