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DE4103668A1 - Catalytic converter arrangement in engine exhaust system - includes rapid heating of converter without needing hot air from electric heater - Google Patents

Catalytic converter arrangement in engine exhaust system - includes rapid heating of converter without needing hot air from electric heater

Info

Publication number
DE4103668A1
DE4103668A1 DE4103668A DE4103668A DE4103668A1 DE 4103668 A1 DE4103668 A1 DE 4103668A1 DE 4103668 A DE4103668 A DE 4103668A DE 4103668 A DE4103668 A DE 4103668A DE 4103668 A1 DE4103668 A1 DE 4103668A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gas
reaction gas
water
exhaust system
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE4103668A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Christian Huber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority to DE4103668A priority Critical patent/DE4103668A1/en
Publication of DE4103668A1 publication Critical patent/DE4103668A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/34—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electrolyser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

This is a method of operating the exhaust-gas cleaning arrangement of an internal combustion engine (1). A catalytically coated carrier unit (2) is heated by a substance that burns, without a flame, using a catalyst. Substance is a reaction gas used from a container (8) and without significant alteration of its physical characteristics, it reaches the unit (2) which is not further treated, and burns there without a flame. Pref. hydrogen or natural gas is used as the reaction gas; and some exhaust-gas installations for the method are specifically claimed. USE/ADVANTAGE - The arrangement provides a quicker method of heating than prior art, and the converter can be brought up to the required temp. before or immediately after the engine is started.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem katalytisch beschichteten Trägerkörper, der zur Aufheizung mit einem Stoff beaufschlagt wird, der unter Mitwirkung des Katalyten flammlos verbrennt, sowie eine Abgasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Die DE 38 35 939 A1 beschreibt eine Abgasanlage, bei der zur Aufhei­ zung des Katalysators dieser zunächst mit warmer Luft und anschließend daran mit einem erwärmten Luft-Kraftstoff- Gemisch beaufschlagt wird, welches im Katalysator flamm­ los verbrennt und diesen somit binnen kurzer Zeit auf seine Betriebstemperatur bringt. Wie bekannt benötigen nämlich Katalysatoren zur Umwandlung schädlicher Bestand­ teile in den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine eine ge­ wisse Minimaltemperatur, die nach einem Start der Brenn­ kraftmaschine binnen kürzestmöglicher Zeit erreicht wer­ den soll.The invention relates to a method for operating a Exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine a catalytically coated support body, which for Heating is acted upon by a substance that is under Participation of the catalyze burns flameless, as well as a Exhaust system to carry out the process. DE 38 35 939 A1 describes an exhaust system in which to heat up the catalyst with warm air and followed by a heated air-fuel Mixture is applied, which flames in the catalyst burns off and open it up within a short time brings its operating temperature. Need known as namely catalysts for the conversion of harmful stock parts in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine a ge know the minimum temperature after starting the firing engine can be reached within the shortest possible time that should.

Wenngleich das oben beschriebene Verfahren die Zeitdauer bis zum Anspringen des Abgaskatalysators verkürzt, weist es dennoch den Nachteil auf, daß zunächst ein in einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung erwärmter Luftstrom durch den katalytisch beschichteten Trägerkörper geführt werden muß, um diesen partiell für eine nachfolgende flammlose Kraftstoff-Verbrennung ausreichend zu erwärmen. Ein dem­ gegenüber verkürztes Aufheizverfahren aufzuzeigen, ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung.Although the procedure described above is the length of time shortened until the catalytic converter starts, points it nevertheless has the disadvantage that initially one in one electric heater heated air flow through the catalytically coated support body are performed  must make this partial for a subsequent flameless Heating fuel combustion sufficiently. One of those to show shortened heating process is Object of the present invention.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist vorgesehen, daß als Stoff ein Reaktionsgas zum Einsatz kommt, das aus einem Behäl­ ter ohne wesentliche Änderung seiner physikalischen Zu­ standsgrößen zum nicht weiter behandelten Trägerkörper gelangt und dort flammlos verbrennt. Erfindungsgemäß kommt somit ein Stoff bzw. ein Reaktionsgas zum Einsatz, das durch einfachen Kontakt mit dem Katalyten bereits flammlos verbrennt. Irgendeine Einflußaufnahme auf den Trägerkörper oder auf die physikalischen Zustandsgrößen des Reaktionsgases (Aggregatzustand, Temperatur) sind hiermit nicht erforderlich. Bevorzugt kommt als Re­ aktionsgas dabei Wasserstoff oder Erdgas zum Einsatz, da diese beiden Gase ohne aufwendige Zusatzbehandlung kata­ lytisch verbrannt werden können. Bei dieser katalytischen Verbrennung entstehen vorteilhafterweise kaum oder keine schädlichen Verbrennungsprodukte; beim Einsatz von Was­ serstoff entsteht lediglich Wasserdampf.To solve this problem it is provided that as a substance a reaction gas is used that comes from a container ter without significant change in his physical condition Stand sizes for the carrier body not further treated reached and burned there flamelessly. According to the invention a substance or a reaction gas is thus used, by simply contacting the catalyst burned flameless. Any influence on the Carrier body or on the physical state variables of the reaction gas (physical state, temperature) hereby not required. Preferably comes as Re action gas, hydrogen or natural gas is used because these two gases without expensive additional treatment kata can be burned lytically. With this catalytic There is advantageously little or no combustion harmful combustion products; when using what Hydrogen only forms water vapor.

In diesem Zusammenhang beschreiben die Ansprüche 3 bis 5 besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens. Demnach wird quasi in einem reversiblen Prozeß der Stoff bzw. das Reaktionsgas nach seiner Verbrennung aus den Verbrennungsprodukten wiedergewonnen oder allgemein aus dem Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine erzeugt. Es ist somit nicht erforderlich, den Behälter für das Reaktionsgas aus einer externen Quelle in aufwendiger Weise jeweils neu zu befüllen. Vielmehr kann diese Befüllung nach erfolgter Aufheizung der Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung und/oder bei Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine quasi selbsttätig er­ folgen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist in diesem Zusammenhang wieder die Verwendung von Wasserstoff als Reaktionsgas. In this context, claims 3 to 5 describe particularly advantageous developments of the method. Accordingly, the material becomes quasi in a reversible process or the reaction gas after its combustion from the Combustion products recovered or generally from generated the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. So it is does not require the container for the reaction gas to an external source in a time-consuming manner fill. Rather, this filling can be done after Heating the exhaust gas purification device and / or at Operation of the internal combustion engine quasi automatically consequences. It is particularly advantageous in this context again the use of hydrogen as the reaction gas.  

Dann nämlich kann das im Abgas insbesondere nach einem Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschine vorhandene Wasser zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Wasserstoff heran­ gezogen werden.Then that can be the case in the exhaust gas, especially after a Cold start of the internal combustion engine for existing water electrochemical production of hydrogen to be pulled.

Abgasanlagen zur Durchführung des zuletzt beschriebenen Verfahrens sind Inhalt der Ansprüche 6 und 7. Zur Gewin­ nung des Wassers aus dem Abgas ist ein Kondensator vorge­ sehen, zur elektrochemischen Umwandlung des Wassers in Wasserstoff ein geeigneter Elektrolyseapparat, der die benötigte Energie vorteilhafterweise von der Brennkraft­ maschine bzw. von einem von dieser angetriebenen Genera­ tor bezieht. Diverse Fördervorrichtungen dienen dazu, entweder das ausgefällte Wasser zum Elektrolyseapparat zu fördern oder den dort entstandenen Wasserstoff im Behäl­ ter zu komprimieren. Es ist aber auch denkbar, das Reak­ tionsgas bzw. den Wasserstoff überhaupt nicht zu spei­ chern, sondern bei Bedarf direkt zu erzeugen. Darüber hinaus kann es erforderlich sein, zur flammlosen Verbren­ nung des Reaktionsgases im Trägerkörper Verbrennungsluft zuzumischen, für die ebenfalls eine Fördervorrichtung vorgesehen sein kann.Exhaust systems to carry out the last described Procedures are the content of claims 6 and 7. Zur Gewin A condenser is provided for the water from the exhaust gas see the electrochemical conversion of water into Hydrogen is a suitable electrolysis apparatus that the required energy advantageously from the internal combustion engine machine or from a genera driven by it gate relates. Various conveyor devices serve to either the precipitated water to the electrolysis apparatus promote or the hydrogen generated there in the container to compress ter. But it is also conceivable, the reak tion gas or the hydrogen not to be fed at all but to generate directly if necessary. About that In addition, it may be necessary to burn without flames tion of the reaction gas in the carrier body combustion air to mix, for which also a conveyor can be provided.

Anhand einer Prinzipskizze wird ein bevorzugtes Ausfüh­ rungsbeispiel der Erfindung im folgenden näher beschrie­ ben.A preferred design is based on a schematic diagram Example of the invention described in more detail below ben.

Die Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine 1 werden über eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung mit einem katalytisch be­ schichteten Trägerkörper 2 über eine in ihrer Gesamtheit mit 3 bezeichnete Abgasanlage in die Umgebung geleitet. Stromab des Trägerkörpers 2 ist in die Abgasanlage 3 ein Kondensator 4 eingebunden, mit Hilfe dessen Wasser aus dem in der Abgasanlage geführten Gasstrom ausgefällt wird. Eine erste Fördervorrichtung 5 fördert dieses aus­ gefällte Wasser zu einem Elektrolyseapparat 6, worin auf elektrochemischem Wege eine Umwandlung in Wasserstoff er­ folgt. Mittels einer zweiten Fördervorrichtung 7 wird der erzeugte Wasserstoff in einen Behälter 8 gefördert, dort gespeichert und hiermit komprimiert. Über eine mit einem nicht gezeigten Steuerventil versehene Stichleitung 9 kann der Wasserstoff aus dem Behälter stromauf des Trä­ gerkörpers 2 in die Abgasanlage 3 gelangen. Nahe der Mün­ dung der Stichleitung 9 mündet in die Abgasanlage 3 fer­ ner eine mit einer dritten Fördervorrichtung 10 versehene Zufuhrleitung 11 für Verbrennungsluft.The exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine 1 are passed through an exhaust gas cleaning device with a catalytically coated carrier body 2 via an exhaust gas system designated in its entirety with 3 into the environment. Downstream of the carrier body 2 , a condenser 4 is integrated into the exhaust system 3 , with the aid of which water is precipitated from the gas stream conducted in the exhaust system. A first conveyor 5 conveys this from precipitated water to an electrolysis apparatus 6 , in which an electrochemical conversion to hydrogen follows. The hydrogen generated is conveyed into a container 8 by means of a second conveying device 7 , stored there and compressed therewith. Via a stub 9 provided with a control valve, not shown, the hydrogen can get from the container upstream of the carrier body 2 into the exhaust system 3 . Near the Mün extension of the stub 9 opens into the exhaust system 3 fer ner a provided with a third conveyor 10 supply line 11 for combustion air.

Wie bekannt muß der katalytisch beschichtete Trägerkörper zur erfolgreichen Konvertierung der Brennkraftmaschinen- Abgase eine gewisse Minimaltemperatur besitzen. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung bzw. mit dem erfindungsge­ mäßen Verfahren kann der Trägerkörper vor oder nach einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine binnen kürzester Zeit auf diese Betriebstemperatur gebracht werden. Hierzu wird aus dem Behälter 8 Wasserstoff bzw. allgemein Reaktionsgas in die Abgasanlage 3 eingeleitet. Ohne daß dieses Reaktions­ gas oder der Trägerkörper 2 in irgendeiner Weise vorbe­ handelt werden müßten, verbrennt dieses Reaktionsgas (Wasserstoff) unter Mitwirkung des Katalyten flammlos im Trägerkörper. Die dabei freiwerdende Energie heizt den Trägerkörper 2 binnen kürzester Zeit auf seine Minimal­ temperatur bzw. Betriebstemperatur auf. Für übliche Ab­ gasanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen genügt hierfür eine Menge von ca. 5 Litern Wasserstoff unter Umgebungsbedin­ gungen. Diese entsprechende Menge Wasserstoff kann im Be­ hälter 8 auf ein Volumen von beispielsweise 0,5 Liter komprimiert sein.As is known, the catalytically coated carrier body must have a certain minimum temperature for the successful conversion of the internal combustion engine exhaust gases. With the arrangement according to the invention or with the method according to the invention, the carrier body can be brought to this operating temperature within a very short time before or after starting the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, hydrogen or generally reaction gas is introduced into the exhaust system 3 from the container 8 . Without this reaction gas or the carrier body 2 would have to be acted in any way, this reaction gas (hydrogen) burns flame-free in the carrier body with the participation of the catalytes. The energy released thereby heats the carrier body 2 to its minimum temperature or operating temperature within a very short time. For conventional exhaust systems from internal combustion engines, a quantity of approx. 5 liters of hydrogen is sufficient under ambient conditions. This corresponding amount of hydrogen can be compressed in the container 8 to a volume of, for example, 0.5 liters.

Bei der flammlosen Verbrennung des zugeführten Wasser­ stoffs, die durch über die Zufuhrleitung 11 zugeführte Verbrennungsluft unterstützt wird, entsteht Wasserdampf. Dieser wird im Kondensator 4 ausgefällt, so daß die För­ dervorrichtung 5 das dabei entstandene Wasser in den Elektrolyseapparat 6 fördern kann. Dort wird das Wasser auf elektrochemischem Wege wieder in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff aufgespalten. Die hierzu erforderliche Energie liefert die dann bereits arbeitende Brennkraftmaschine 1. Um die oben beispielshaft angeführte Menge von ca. 5 Litern Wasserstoff zu erzeugen, ist während zwei Minuten ein Energieeinsatz von ca. 600 Watt erforderlich. Diese Energiemenge kann einfach von einem von der Brennkraftma­ schine angetriebenen Generator bereitgestellt werden.In the flameless combustion of the supplied water, which is supported by combustion air supplied via the supply line 11 , water vapor is produced. This is precipitated in the capacitor 4 , so that the För dervorrichtung 5 can promote the resulting water in the electrolysis apparatus 6 . There, the water is split back into hydrogen and oxygen by electrochemical means. The energy already required for this purpose is then supplied by the internal combustion engine 1 . In order to generate the above-mentioned amount of approximately 5 liters of hydrogen, an energy input of approximately 600 watts is required over two minutes. This amount of energy can easily be provided by a generator driven by the internal combustion engine.

Schließlich wird der freiwerdende Wasserstoff von der Fördervorrichtung 7 in den Behälter 8 gepumpt und dort komprimiert. Wenngleich es nicht möglich ist, den zuvor aus dem Behälter 8 in die Abgasanlage eingeführten Was­ serstoff wieder vollständig über den Kondensator 4 sowie den Elektrolyseapparat 6 rückzugewinnen, so ist es den­ noch stets möglich, den Behälter komplett mit Wasserstoff zu befüllen, da das Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine insbe­ sondere nach einem Kaltstart Wasserdampf enthält, der über den Kondensator 4 sowie den Elektrolyseapparat 6 in Wasserstoff umgewandelt werden kann. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung kommt somit also ein reversibles Reaktionsgas zum Ein­ satz, das zunächst im katalytisch beschichteten Träger­ körper 2 der Abgasanlage 3 einer Brennkraftmaschine 1 flammlos verbrannt und in einem nachfolgenden Reaktions­ prozeß unter Zuhilfenahme der von der Brennkraftmaschine abgegebenen Energie wieder in den ursprünglichen Zustand zurückgewandelt wird. Der grundliegende Gedanke der Er­ findung ist es hingegen, im Zusammenhang mit einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine ein Reaktionsgas (insbesondere Wasserstoff oder Erdgas) im wesentlichen unbehandelt über den nicht weiter behandelten, katalytisch beschich­ teten Trägerkörper 2 zu leiten, wo eine flammlose Ver­ brennung stattfindet, die den Trägerkörper auf seine für eine erfolgreiche Konvertierung der Brennkraftmaschinen- Abgase erforderliche Betriebstemperatur bringt.Finally, the hydrogen released is pumped into the container 8 by the conveying device 7 and compressed there. Although it is not possible to completely recover the hydrogen previously introduced into the exhaust system from the container 8 via the condenser 4 and the electrolysis apparatus 6 , it is still possible to completely fill the container with hydrogen, since the exhaust gas is the Internal combustion engine contains water vapor in particular after a cold start, which can be converted into hydrogen via the condenser 4 and the electrolysis apparatus 6 . In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, therefore, a reversible reaction gas is used, which is first flamelessly burned in the catalytically coated carrier body 2 of the exhaust system 3 of an internal combustion engine 1 and in a subsequent reaction process with the aid of the energy given off by the internal combustion engine the original state is restored. The basic idea of the invention, on the other hand, is to conduct a reaction gas (in particular hydrogen or natural gas) essentially untreated in connection with starting the internal combustion engine over the untreated, catalytically coated support body 2 , where a flameless combustion takes place brings the carrier body to its operating temperature required for successful conversion of the internal combustion engine exhaust gases.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Abgasreinigungsvorrich­ tung einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) mit einem kataly­ tisch beschichteten Trägerkörper (2), der zur Auf­ heizung mit einem Stoff beaufschlagt wird, der unter Mitwirkung des Katalyten flammlos verbrennt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Stoff ein Reaktions­ gas zum Einsatz kommt, das aus einem Behälter (8) ohne wesentliche Änderung seiner physikalischen Zu­ standsgrößen zum nicht weiter behandelten Trägerkör­ per (2) gelangt und dort flammlos verbrennt.1. A method for operating an emission control device of an internal combustion engine ( 1 ) with a catalytically coated support body ( 2 ) which is acted upon for heating with a substance which burns flamelessly with the participation of the catalyzer, characterized in that a reaction gas is the substance is used, which comes from a container ( 8 ) without any significant change in its physical state to the untreated support body by ( 2 ) and burns there flamelessly. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Reaktionsgas Wasser­ stoff oder Erdgas zum Einsatz kommt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water as the reaction gas material or natural gas is used. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reaktionsgas nach seiner flammlosen Verbrennung aus Verbrennungspro­ dukten nach Durchströmen des Trägerkörpers wiederge­ wonnen wird. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction gas after its flameless combustion from combustion pro products after flowing through the carrier body is won.   4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reaktionsgas aus dem Abgas gewonnen wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reaction gas from the Exhaust gas is obtained. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus dem Abgas Wasser entzogen wird, aus dem auf elektrochemischem Wege Wasserstoff hergestellt wird, der anschließend im Behälter gespeichert wird.5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that from the exhaust gas water is withdrawn from by electrochemical means Hydrogen is produced, which is then in Container is stored. 6. Abgasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach An­ spruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch einen insbesondere stromab der Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (Trägerkörper 2) vorgese­ henen Kondensator (4) sowie einen das im Kondensator (4) ausgefällte Wasser in Wasserstoff umwandelnden Elektrolyseapparat (6).6. Exhaust system for performing the method according to claim 5, characterized by a particular downstream of the exhaust gas purification device (support body 2 ) vorgese hen condenser ( 4 ) and a in the condenser ( 4 ) precipitated water into hydrogen converting electrolysis apparatus ( 6 ). 7. Abgasanlage nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch eine Fördervorrichtung (5, 7, 10) für das ausgefällte Wasser und/oder den Wasser­ stoff und/oder Verbrennungsluft.7. Exhaust system according to claim 6, characterized by a conveyor ( 5 , 7 , 10 ) for the precipitated water and / or the water and / or combustion air.
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US5953908A (en) * 1994-10-07 1999-09-21 Appleby; Anthony John Method and apparatus for heating a catalytic converter to reduce emissions
WO1996011330A1 (en) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-18 Texas A & M University System Method and apparatus for heating a catalytic converter to reduce emissions
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WO2003062005A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Motor vehicle comprising a cryotank
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EP3607180A4 (en) * 2017-04-04 2020-08-12 BASF Corporation On-board vehicle hydrogen generation and use in exhaust streams
US10941691B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-03-09 Basf Corporation On-board vehicle hydrogen generation and use in exhaust streams
US10961890B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-03-30 Basf Corporation On-board vehicle ammonia and hydrogen generation
US11028749B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-06-08 Basf Corporation Hydrogen reductant for catalytic pollution abatement
US11125133B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-09-21 Basf Corporation Hydrogen-assisted integrated emission control system
US11181028B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-11-23 Basf Corporation Ammonia generation system for NOx emission control
US11199117B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-12-14 Basf Corporation Integrated emissions control system

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