DE4100581A1 - SHAPED BODY MADE OF Vulcanized Waste Rubber Material - Google Patents

Abstract

The description relates to a moulding (1) of vulcanised waste rubber material containing chips (2) of vulcanised waste rubber material bound together by a cured binder, the shape, dimensions and mutual position of which are such that the moulding has hollows communicating with one another and with the outside. These mouldings, especially in the form of plates, are suitable as flooring components, e.g. for securing, and as the basis for heavy-duty floors like sports grounds, sports ground tracks, railway bases or as a component of rail crossing installations. Their strength and low specific gravity together with good water permeability make the mouldings of the invention also useful as bases for green areas and their sound-damping properties makes them suitable as structural units for sound-damping walls.

Description

The invention relates to moldings made from vulcanized waste rubber mimaterial, and especially from used tire carcasses.

Are floor surfaces exposed to certain loads, such as e.g. B. on sports fields and racetracks, or as a sub reason for roads or rails, it is usually required Lich, appropriate measures, e.g. B. additional fastenings, to apply. In addition to an increase in strength with derar measures usually also have other property improvements stances can be achieved, such. B. permanent elasticity, good noise insulation, but also good drainage good drainage. In addition to having a property Improvement-oriented features are said to be such soil but also light and inexpensive To be available.

The present invention is therefore based on the object de to provide materials that meet the above Tillage properties, in particular Floor fixings or substructures, meet, and that easily and inexpensive, so in a very economical way, can be provided.

This object is achieved with a molded body according to claim 1 vulcanized old rubber material solved, which is characterized is that he made chips (schnitzel) from vulcanized Contains waste rubber material with a hardened binder tel are connected to each other and being the shape that Dimensions and the mutual position of these chips are chosen are that the molded body has cavities that are together and connected to the outside.

Appropriate configurations of this molded body are counter state of claims 2 to 16.  

Vulcanized waste rubber material falls in the form of waste tires in large quantities. For the disposal of old tires, which as Garbage is not just a landfill problem, it is a waste of valuable raw materials, recycling ver drive performed such. B. Pyrolysis process for Rückge extraction of liquid raw materials, combustion for energy and Soot extraction, and mechanical crushing.

The German patent application P 40 11 599.2 describes e.g. B. the use of particulate, vulcanized rubber waste material that is bound by a hardened binder, as a shaped body for the covering of a track transition device tung.

The present invention provides another way for economical recycling of vulcanized rubber rubbers rial ready, and especially for carcasses of used tires. It is not necessary to dispose of the old carcass rubber rubber rial from the reinforcing textile or steel threads nen.

Such a material can be used as vulcanized waste rubber material synthetic and / or natural rubber material, e.g. B. NR, in question.

The shape, size and mutual arrangement of the chips (Schnitzel) should be selected so that there is a water permeability ge structure of the molded body results that with each other and after has externally connected cavities. The chips can e.g. B. Represent platelets that have a triangular, trapezoidal, rectangular or irregular polygonal floor plan have; they are preferably in the form of trapezoidal and especially rectangular plates. In the form of Rectangular platelets have the following in particular the dimensions: a length of 4 to 10 cm, a width of  3 to 8 cm, and a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 cm. The selection the size and shape of the chips depends in particular the intended use, being in a molded body e.g. B. also chips with different shape and / or size can be used.

The production of the chips from the waste rubber materials can in a suitable, known manner. Preferential one goes wisely for the production of the invention chips from old tire carcasses.

Works to manufacture chips from used tire carcasses one, especially when it comes to steel thread carcasses delt, with the method described in DE-C-29 11 251 and Contraption. After that, the carcasses of old tires become like this cut that first the tire bead was cut off and then the rest of the carcass is cut lengthways and then crossways is, carcass chips with expediently according to the invention receives sizes, e.g. B. with a length of 5 to 10 cm, and a width of 2 to 5 cm. When using steel thread carcasses it is in accordance with the method and the device DE-C-29 11 251 also possible to use sharp metal tips the chips can stick out, largely avoided.

In a preferred embodiment lies the fiction moderate moldings in the form of plates. The shape and the Dimensions of the plates can be any, the Dimensions of the panels, as well as their thickness also vary judge their manageability; due to their structure (high Void content) have the plates according to the invention a relatively low specific weight, which also makes Plates of larger dimensions are easy to handle. Form the plates can e.g. B. triangular, trapezoidal, but also be polygonal or round, and preferably it is right angular.  

The thickness of the plates depends in particular on the Type and dimensions of the chips used; the least Thickness should usually not be less than 6 cm maximum thickness can easily be 25 cm or more amount, the thickness especially after the distance intended use. The is preferably Thickness approx. 6 to approx. 20 cm.

The chips are preferably within the scope of the invention Molded bodies, and in particular sheets, with their large upper surface substantially parallel to the outer surface of the Shaped body and arranged one above the other.

The moldings according to the invention, and in particular plates, are due to their very rough structure (content of cavities depending on the chip size, generally 15 to 30 vol .-%) especially the size, shape and mutual arrangement depends on what chips used for construction permeable, d. H. they drain independently, namely even if larger floor areas are covered with it.

Because of their strength and the inherent elasti the shaped articles according to the invention are suitable in shape porous plates e.g. B. very good as a track substructure with noise insulation menden properties that instead of z. B. crushed stone sets or in addition to crushed stone and / or concrete slabs can be used; this allows the particular in populated areas undesirable due to rail vehicles Minimize the running noise caused.

Another possible use of the invention Shaped bodies in the form of plates also represent their use as part of a track crossing device as they e.g. B. in the German patent application P 40 11 599.2 ben is.  

The moldings according to the invention are also suitable for. B. very good for sports ground. So z. B. horse racing nen, or other sports field tracks or areas with a Layer of plates according to the invention are primed on which then has the normal surface, e.g. B. earth or sand will wear. In this way, a composition can be and structure of the soil layers, which are due to the good water permeability of the plates according to the invention even in the rain there is no deep running, but still that has the same elasticity as the natural floor.

The moldings according to the invention can, in particular in form of slabs, also used for greening areas where plant or grass growth is difficult and how they are often found in cityscapes will. The moldings according to the invention can, for. B. in the form from slabs to surfaces that, due to their structure, do not or just allow poor plant growth, like e.g. B. fully or partially concreted or asphalt places in human settlements. To this Plates, e.g. B. side by side in a very specific pattern which can be laid, then a layer of one for Plant-suitable material, especially grass growth then applied as soil for the growth of plants or grass can serve. By suitable to be welcomed in the surfaces or canals attached to the surface under or next to the shaped panels used for greening water, which is due to rain or art Licher irrigation by the mold plates according to the invention expires, be discharged.

As a suitable material for plant or grass growth in particular an earth or soil material can be considered, how it z. B. usually in flower pots and the like Facilities is used, or mixtures of such Soil materials with natural or artificial gravel or  Gravel.

The mold plates according to the invention can also be used as a reason location for a hydroponic in the form of the so-called tank or Serve gravel culture. In this case, the mold plates a layer of gravel, as usually found in the hydro Culture of plants are used, which is then applied is irrigated accordingly.

In one embodiment according to the invention have the shape body, especially shaped plates, one on their top Layer of for plant and especially grass growth suitable material. Are also expedient the cavities present in the molded body at least partially, especially in the vicinity of the top of the molded body, with the mate suitable for plant or grass growth filled in rial. The thickness of the layer made for plant and material suitable for grass growth in particular may depend should vary in material and intended purpose but not the thickness appropriate for good growth fall below. The preferred thickness range is approximately 5 up to approx. 20 cm.

In this form, the moldings according to the invention, in ungreened or greened state, directly as greening plates are used, particularly for greening of smaller areas or for a temporary greening is advantageous.

Due to their sound absorbing properties, the Shaped body according to the invention also as building blocks for sound protective walls, e.g. B. on the edge of busy roads and the like can be used.

The present invention therefore also relates to Use of the moldings according to the invention, preferably in  Form of plates, as tillage means, such as. B. for Fastening and / or as a base for heavy loads exposed floor areas, especially for sports fields and Horse or trotting tracks and the like; as a track construction; as components of track crossing devices and as greening facilities, especially in the form of greetings expansion plates.

Another object is the use of the fiction moderate moldings, in particular in the form of plates, as Components for soundproof walls, e.g. B. strong on the edge busy roads and the like.

As a binder for binding the particles of the chip vulcanized waste rubber material to each other can all Binders are used that deal with vulcanized Connect the old rubber material and at ambient temperature in hardened condition. Such binders are e.g. B. those from the group of curable, thermoplastic or vulcanizable binders.

For example, single or Two-component glue is used, such a bandage are preferred, which under ambient conditions themselves Harden. Binders in this group are especially art fabrics, e.g. B. polyurethanes, and especially PU elastomers.

The binder can also be a thermoplastic be fabric, such as B. based on polyolefin, in particular Polyethylene or polypropylene base, and preferably made of a thermoplastic waste material. Thermoplastic Waste material falls e.g. B. in large quantities at Folienfa Brication and film processing, and such a film waste material is suitable as a binding agent for binding the chip-shaped vulcanized used according to the invention Waste rubber materials. Those are particularly suitable  Thermoplastics, which in turn are elastic, such as. B., Ther polyolefin-based plastics.

As a binder for connecting the chips from vulcanized Waste rubber materials are also suitable on bitumen grounds location, and in particular a networked or in terms its thermoplastic properties stabilized bitit men.

In principle, however, all adhesives are suitable as binders fe that cause gluing or vulcanization, such as. B. also an unvulcanized raw rubber solution, which according to usual Methods of rubber processing can be vulcanized; this unvulcanized raw rubber solution become common processes processing aids and vulcanization aids, in particular Sulfur added, and the vulcanization is then in usually carried out under heat and pressure.

Although it is preferred according to the invention, such binders used by simply allowing it to harden under Ambient conditions and the desired result under air deliver is also a bond in heated presses and optionally under pressure, such as. B. when using a unvulcanized raw rubber solution possible.

The proportion by weight of binder used is generally 3 to 15% by weight, and in particular 6 to 12% by weight, based on the finished moldings.

To produce the moldings according to the invention, the Vulcanized waste rubber chips, especially from Textile or steel thread carcasses, with the appropriate adhesive medium coated what z. B. by spraying, dipping, Brush, or another application method that is usual per se can be carried out. The surface in this way then traded chips are up to the desired strength  (Thickness) of the molded body according to the invention still wet on each other put down.

The invention therefore also relates to a method according to Claim 17 for the production of the shaped bodies according to the invention, which is characterized in that volkani chips reused rubber material, and in particular tire carcasses sen, coated with the binder, so then surface-treated chips to the desired thickness of the molded body according to the invention still wet on each other and then allows the binder to harden. Appropriate Ausge Events of this method are the subject of claims 18 to 25.

Depending on the binder used, it may also be necessary or be appropriate, gluing at elevated temperature and / or activate increased pressure and / or by action perform media such as water vapor, e.g. B. in suitable heated presses.

A self-curing binder is preferably used and curing under ambient conditions (ambient temperature and pressure).

However, it may be appropriate to use the surface-treated, d. H. chips coated with the binder under at least slightly increased pressure, e.g. B. with a pressure of 1 bar, to press together; or the surface-treated ones and stacked chips before and / or during the Hardening the binder an increased pressure, e.g. B. one Pressure of z. B. 1 bar to suspend. The pressure can Strength and hardness and thus the feathering of the shape body are regulated.

When using a thermoplastic binder expediently worked above the softening point.  

E.g. are the with the thermoplastic binder in the suitable temperature coated vulcanized chips brought used rubber materials into a press that already before being brought to a temperature just above the Softening point of the thermoplastic binder is set. This ensures that when inserting no shock cooling of the thermoplastic materials binders takes place that deteriorate physical properties of the molded body could result. The material is then pressed together in the press presses, the thermoplastic binder being the same moderately distributed.

After cooling to below the softening point of the The molded body can then consist of thermoplastic binder removed from the press and then outside the mold be cooled.

When using an unvulcanized raw rubber solution as Binder components are common to this raw rubber solution Processing aids and vulcanization aids, especially sulfur, added, and after application of the Mix on the chips and stack the chips the vulcanization in the usual way under heat and Printing carried out in a suitable press.

It is expedient to work with those preferred above mentioned binders and / or among those for these binders most suitable conditions, such as. B. of pressure and tempera door.

The application of the binder to the chips to be connected is preferably done by immersion and mixing. But also spraying the chips, brushing the chips, or thawing chen of the chips, and also other known application methods are applicable.  

The stacking takes place for all binders used against the chips coated with the binder more expedient wise under at least slightly increased pressure to get a good one Ensure contact of the chip surfaces.

For the production of the moldings according to the invention their top with a layer of one for plants suitable growth material, this will Material in a suitable, conventional manner applied the molded body, for. B. by pouring or Scattering of spreadable material, or by layering of water-pasted material and subsequent smoothing the layer. For the production of a shaped body in which the cavities at least partially with that for planting suitable material for growth, the mate rial in pourable or pourable form first on the Top of the molded body applied and then in the mold body pressed in and / or shaken, what is then the application of the actual material layer closes. Or it can also be the material layer in dry form, and after application the shaped body provided with the layer is shaken and / or subject the layer to a low pressure.

The figures explain the invention with reference to Embodiments. They represent:

Figure 1 shows a shaped plate according to the invention in plan view.

Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II in FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plate shaped body according to the invention with a layer of soil in the illustration of FIG. 2.

Fig. 1 shows the mold plate 1 according to the invention from several layers of chips 2 in plan view. The largest upper surfaces below or above the chips 2 partially overlap, the orientation of these surfaces being approximately parallel to the top of the plate 1 on average.

From Fig. 2, which shows a section in the plane II of Fig. 1, it can be seen that the largest surfaces of the chips are generally oriented parallel to the outer surfaces 3 of the mold plate according to the invention; but the FIG. 2 also shows that deviations may occur from this orientation, and then the chips with their largest upper surface to the surfaces 3 of the shaped body are inclined advantage ories.

In the exemplary embodiment of a shaped body according to the invention represented by FIGS. 1 and 2, the thickness of the plate is approximately 10 cm, its length is approximately 30 cm, and its width is approximately 20 cm. The dimensions of the chips vary in the following dimensions: length 5 to 9 cm, width 2 to 4 cm, thickness 0.8 to 1.5 cm.

Fig. 3 shows an inventive, with an Erdbe coating 5 molded plate 4 in section of the plane II of Fig. 1. A portion of the earth coating material 5 also fills the top of the mold plate adjacent cavities 6 .

Claims (32)

1. Shaped body ( 1 ) made of vulcanized waste rubber material, characterized in that it contains chips ( 2 ) made of vulcanized waste rubber material, which are connected to one another with a hardened binder, and wherein their shape, their dimensions and mutual position are chosen such that the molded body ( 1 ) has cavities connected to one another and to the outside. 2. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the chips ( 2 ) have the shape of rectangular platelets with the dimensions: length 4 to 10 cm, width 3 to 8 cm, thickness 0.5 to 3 cm. 3. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chips ( 2 ) are carcass chips from used tires. 4. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has the shape of plates. 5. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness of the plates is approximately 6 to 20 cm. 6. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the chips ( 2 ) are arranged with their largest surface substantially parallel to the surface ( 3 ) of the plates and one above the other, their largest surfaces only partially in each other Are in contact. 7. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the binder is a curable, thermoplastic or vulcanizable binder. 8. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a self-curing binder under ambient conditions. 9. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a thermoplastic. 10. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the binder is a thermoplastic waste material. 11. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a polyurethane. 12. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a PU elastomer. 13. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is one based on bitumen. 14. Shaped body ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the bitumen-based binder is a crosslinked bitumen or stabilized with regard to its thermoplastic properties. 15. Shaped body ( 1 , 4 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has a layer ( 5 ) of material suitable for plant growth on its upper side ( 3 ). 16. Shaped body ( 1 , 4 ) according to claim 15, characterized in that the cavities formed in the shaped body ( 1 , 4 ) me ( 6 ) are at least partially filled with the material suitable for plant growth. 17. A method for producing a molded body ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that chips ( 2 ) of vulcanized rubber material are coated with the binder, the surface-treated chips ( 2 ) in this way to the desired thickness of the invention Shaped body ( 1 ) still wet on one another and then allowing the binder to harden. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the binder is applied by immersion and mixing on the chips ( 2 ). 19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that one superimposes the surface-treated chips ( 2 ) under at least slightly increased pressure. 20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the surface-treated, lying on the chips ( 2 ) before and / or during the hardening of the binder is exposed to an increased pressure. 21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized, that when using a thermoplastic art as a binder just above the softening point of the thermoplastic binder works. 22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that when using an unvulcanized raw rubber solution as a binder component of this raw rubber solution, customary processing aids and vulcanization aids are added, and after application of the binder mixture onto the chips ( 2 ) and stacking the chips ( 2 ) works under vulcanization conditions and additional activating influences such as steam boost. 23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized, that you can use a self-curing bandage by means of curing under ambient conditions leads. 24. A process for producing a shaped body ( 1 , 4 ) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a layer ( 5 ) made of a material suitable for plant growth is applied to a shaped body ( 1 ) obtained according to one of claims 17 to 23. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that for the production of a shaped body ( 1 , 4 ) according to claim 16 before applying the layer ( 5 ) made of a material suitable for plant growth, the cavities of the shaped body ( 6 ) at least partially with this material fills out. 26. Use of a shaped body ( 1 , 4 ) according to one of claims 1 to 16 as a tillage agent. 27. Use according to claim 26 for attachment and / or as Substrate for floors exposed to heavy loads surfaces. 28. Use according to claim 27 for sports fields and equestrian or harness tracks. 29. Use according to claim 26 as a track substructure. 30. Use according to claim 26, characterized in that the shaped body ( 1 ) are used as components of track transition devices. 31. Use according to claim 26, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 1 , 4 ) are used as greening plates. 32. Use of a molded body ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14 for soundproof walls.