DE3920420A1 - Optical components prodn. - by irradiating dye mols. in a polymer matrix with linearly polarised light to produce a structured variation in optical properties - Google Patents

Abstract

A process is claimed for the prodn of optical components (I) based on polymeric supports contg dye(s); the novelty is that the optical properties of a system S, consisting of the organic polymeric support T and photo-isomerisable dye(s) F are varied by irradiation with linearly-polarised light (L), specifically as a function of the direction of polarisation, and the morphology of T is varied by macroscopic, light-induced structuring. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I) are useful for information stage (pref as displays, esp coloured displays, or for holography, or for showing different information depending on the polarisation of the incident light), as polarisation filters, for rotating the direction of polarisation of incident light, and as filters for definite wavelength ranges (claimed). The system is not too complex and can be produced without increasing equipment costs wrt prior-art processes.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing optical components based on organic polymer Carrier and using linearly polarized light.

State of the art

Between the solid, crystalline phase and the fluid Melt occurs with certain substances in intermediate phases on that in structural and dynamic terms Properties of both the ordered crystalline state as well as the disordered melting state in itself unite. Such phases are fluid, but have z. B. optical properties that are characteristic of the Majority of crystalline, but also partially crystalline substances are: they are e.g. B. birefringent. One speaks immediately obvious reasons for intermediate phases ("Mesophases") or of liquid crystalline phases. These intermediate phases are e.g. B. via a variation of Maintain temperature - in this case one speaks of thermotropic liquid crystals - or in solution Concentration variation. To characterize the areas of existence of these Intermediate phases are generally given the z. B. calorimetric or using a polarizing microscope certain transition temperatures from crystalline to  liquid-crystalline state and of the liquid crystalline in the isotropic melt (clearing point). (See G. Allen & J.C. Bevington, Eds., Comprehensive Polymer Science, Vol. 5, p. 701-732, Pergamon Press 1989.)

The structure of such mesophases is now due to this characterized in that in the simplest case for cylindrical molecules, in the so-called nematic Phase, the molecular centers disordered as in a isotropic melt are distributed throughout the longitudinal axes the molecules are oriented parallel to each other. This is deviating from the state in the isotropic melt, where the Molecular axes are statistically distributed. The consequence are anisotropic mechanical, electrical, but also optical properties. At the cholesteric phase comes as an additional ordering principle continuous helical variation of the Orientation direction of the molecular axes, which leads to special optical properties, such as strong optical Activity or selective reflection of light. Both so-called smectic phases finally occurs Supplement to the one already described Orientation order, as for the nematic state is characteristic, a regular arrangement of the Molecular focus in space, e.g. B. only along one spatial axis, but also in other smectic ones Modifications along two or even three of each other independent axes. However, these phases are fluid. (See Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, ed. Vol. 11, 657-671, Verlag Chemie 1976; H.F. Mark et al. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd Ed., Vol. 9, 1-61, J. Wiley & Sons 1987). Liquid crystalline Polymers have a. as technical fibers and for  Information storage application found. Corresponding devices for information storage are in DE-A 36 03 266 and DE-A 36 03 267 and a method for reversible optical data storage is specified in DE-A 36 03 267. According to DE-A 36 23 395 is the photoisomerization of an oriented Film of a liquid crystalline polymer for reversible optical information storage used.

In (not prepublished) DE-A 38 10 722 one Reversible optical device Information storage using polymers as Storage medium described that a film from a contains amorphous polymers and is set up to by means of a local variation of the molecular order under Applying polarized light to the information save. The storage medium preferably contains one in its Absorption behavior of the emission wavelength of the Schreiblaser's adapted photochromic substance, with which the local variation in molecular order can be induced can.

Task and solution

As the review of the prior art shows, exist specific structural requirements in each case molecular range that must be met in order to Qualify polymer to disk. Although can be the local caused by energy transmission Variations that are consistent with the registered letter of Information is phenomenologically describing, but that does not mean that the effects are completely mechanistic  are understood. The is accordingly low Predictability regarding further variations in terms of structures or physical Influencing.

On the other hand, the task of systems for To provide that without a very complex To have structure and without the equipment to have to increase significantly than optical components can serve, especially for the Data storage and related tasks. It has now been found that the present task in completely unexpectedly by the inventive Procedure can be solved.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing optical components based on polymeric carriers T, which contain at least one dye F, which optical behavior of a system S consisting of a polymeric organic carrier T and at least one Photoisomerizable dye F linearly by irradiation polarized light specifically depending on the Direction of polarization and the morphology of the organic Carrier by a macroscopic, light-induced Structuring is varied. In accordance with the invention, the polymer contains organic carrier T mesogenic groups in covalent Bond that to the macroscopically oriented areas To give reason. The variation in optical behavior will for the carrier T in the amorphous as well as in the liquid crystalline State reached (being in the liquid crystalline state both polydomains and monodomains can exist). This is based on a microscopic or / and macroscopic orientation, which is due to radiation  is induced with linearly polarized light. It can in particular the direction of polarization of the light source for a selective orientation, e.g. B. for the holographic optical data storage can be used.

The method according to the invention offers u. a. a technical Use in two ways:

• - For the global orientation of polymers in anisotropic Domains
• - For selective optical storage by varying the direction of polarization used.

The polymeric organic carrier T

As polymeric organic carriers T come known per se polymeric materials in question that defined the above Conditions are sufficient, d. H. they are generally per se non-cholesteric and non-twisted nematic.

The polymeric organic carrier T preferably has one Glass temperature Tg of at least -40 degrees C. It can be further advantageous if the polymeric organic Carrier T a glass transition temperature Tg of at least 0 degrees C, especially of at least 20 degrees C. Usually is the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymeric organic Beam Tg below 220 degrees C, with emphasis on the area below 180 degrees C. To determine the glass temperature cf. H.F. Mark et al., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd Ed., Vol, 7, pp. 531-544, J. Wiley & Sons 1989. The glass transition temperatures of homopolymers are general known. Let the glass transition temperatures of copolymers largely predetermine. (See Brandrup-Immergut,  Polymer Handbook, 2nd Ed., Wiley-Interscience 1975; Vieweg-Esser, Kunststoff-Handbuch, Vol. IX, p. 333-341, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1975).

The polymeric organic carrier T usually contain Building blocks that have or are electrical anisotropy constructed from electrically anisotropic monomers. The polymeric organic carrier T preferably has one Glass temperature Tg of at least -40 degrees C, especially one of at least 0 degrees C and whole especially at least 20 degrees C. In general, the glass transition temperature Tg is below 220 degrees C. Advantageously, the polymer organic carrier T a molecular weight of 5 × 10³ bis 5 × 10⁶ g / mol (determined according to the for the Polymer-relevant methods, cf. H.F. Mark et al., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, 2nd Ed., Vol. 10, p. 1-19, J. Wiley & Sons 1989). The polymeric organic carrier T preferably shows one macroscopically oriented liquid crystalline nematic Phase.

A cheap embodiment of the polymeric organic Carriers T represent liquid-crystalline side chain polymers represents the preferred in terms of construction and manufacture connect to the state of the art. (See C. B. McArdle, Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers, Blackie, Glasgow & London 1989.) These consist entirely or partially of repetitive Units represented schematically by the general formula I

can be reproduced, DE being the elements of the main chain of the polymer
X is a functional group
Y is a spacer and
Z denotes a mesogenic side group.

The mesogenic page groups are responsible for the resulting liquid crystal character.

The units - [DE] - which form the elements of the main chain are generally derived from known monomers capable of polymerization or polycondensation. The following types of main chain units - [DE] - and the monomers forming them are of particular importance:
- [CH₂-CR₁] -
where R₁ is hydrogen, methyl, substituted phenyl and the monomers of the type of acrylic acid esters (with Tg 20 degrees C) or amides, methacrylic acid esters or amides, the styrenes including substituted in particular C₁-C₄-alkyl-substituted derivatives (Tg 50 degrees C), stands or
- [CH₂-CH-O] -
polyether type (Tg <0 degrees C)

The units X by definition stand for one functional group between spacer unit and Polymer backbone; with radically polymerizable These groups are usually for the monomers Activation of those trained between D and E. Multiple commitments responsible. As a rule, the unit X is selected from the group consisting of the residues -C₆H₄-; -COO-; -CONR₂-; -O-;

where R₂ is hydrogen or a Alkyl radical with 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 Carbon atoms.

The spacer units Y establish the required distance between the mesogenic groups Z and the main polymer chain. They usually form a preferably flexible chain with 1 to 14 chain links, in particular an alkylene group - (CH₂) _n -, in which n is 1 to 14, where individual chain links can optionally be substituted, for example with C₁-C₄-alkyl radicals or with Halogen such as chlorine or fluorine or in which individual chain links can be replaced by an ether bridge, or a phenylene radical. The production of the various polymeric organic carriers with the required properties is known per se (cf. DE-A 36 23 395). Groups known as such can be used as mesogenic side groups.

A list of suitable mesogenic groups can be found in Kelker and Hatz, Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Verlag Chemistry 1980, pp. 67-113. Typically linked via units X-Y a mesogenic, for example containing aromatic residues Group Z, preferably by the formula

can be reproduced, in which L for a bridge, consisting of the residues -N = N-

or for a rest

as well as r for zero or one and R for a remainder

or, if r stands for zero, R also for a remainder

is, where L 'and r' have the same meaning as L and r and wherein R₃ is hydrogen, (O) _s - (CH₂) _t -H, -CN or halogen, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine and t and t 'Is a number from 1 to 8, in particular 1-6, and s is zero or 1.

Polymers of the formula I in which Z stands for the following mesogenic groups:

The main chain units are particularly preferred - [D-E] - from the (radical) polymerization of Monomers of the schematic formula III

D = E-X-Y-Z (III)

wherein D, E, X, Y and Z meanings according to formula I. have.

In particular the monomers of the formula III, in which D = E-X- for a remainder

or a rest

wherein R₁ and R₂ are the above Have meanings, ie the esters or amides of (Meth) acrylic acid, interest is of interest. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the In the present invention, Z stands for the coloring Structural element, so represents the dye F (see following section). As already explained, the Proportion of the monomers containing the dye F. Building blocks on polymeric organic carrier 0 to 100 wt .-% of the total monomers, preferably the Proportion at 50% by weight, usually at 10% by weight.

The dye

By definition, the polymeric organic carrier contains T at least one dye F. The dye F is preferred characterized in that under the influence of the linearly polarized, preferably monochromatic Licht experiences changes in its molecular geometry. In order to is not connected, however, that the wavelength of the incident light, usually that of the writing laser, with the absorption maximum of the dye or dyes must match because z. B. photoisomerization too with radiation outside the absorption maximum takes place. For the rest, certain apply to dyes should be used in liquid crystal systems, developed criteria. (See J. Constant et al., J. Phys. D; Appl. Phys. Vol. II, pp. 479 ff (1978); F. Jones et al. T. J. Reeve, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Vol. 60, pp. 99 ff, EP 43 904, EP 55 838, EP 65 869). So these are supposed to Dyes in the electric field do not ionize them are said to have a high molecular extinction coefficient have.  

In general, those which can be used according to the invention obey Dyes F of the given definition that their Absorption maxima in the wavelength range 300-1000 nm lie. The dye F expediently contains at least one Structural element that under the defined exposure to light its geometry changes. Such structural elements can e.g. B. Multiple bonds included, in particular they show the possibility of cis-trans isometry. Further it can be others tautomeric systems act, for example those that on a ring opening and / or a proton transition are based. As a rule, the dye contains F in its Preferred direction a length of at least 10 Å. As Examples of bridge groups -A- that represent the geometric Enabling isometry include the following.

In particular, the dyes F contain such groups where two aromatic rings or ring systems a bridge group -A- are linked. In the most obvious case, these are derivatives of stilbene, azobenzene, azoxybenzene, the Azomethines etc. Furthermore, the dyes F advantageously contain themselves known substituents, which determine the Absorption characteristics of individual dyes are. (See Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 3rd edition, Vol. 7, pp. 153-183, Urben & Schwarzenberg 1956.) As suitable groups can e.g. B. the cyano group or auxochrome groups apply, u. a. electron donating Substituents like  (optionally alkylated) amino, oxy (hydroxy) or Alkoxy groups as well as groups with opposite Effect like nitro, nitroso, carbonyl, halogen groups u. A particularly interesting class Azo dyes which are those discussed above Criteria are sufficient.

Corresponding azo dyes are e.g. B. in DE-A 34 06 209, DE-A 34 29 438, EP-A 65 869, M. Eich et al. Proc. PLAY Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 628 (Mol. Polym. Optoelectron. Mater .: Fundam. Appl.), Pp. 93-96 (1987) been. As models for those to be used advantageously according to the invention Dyes have the following structures of Formula IV considered, which - as already stated - as (low molecular weight) dyes F present or constituents the polymeric organic carrier T can be:

AS-A-AS ′ (IV)

where -A- has the meanings given above as Bridge groups preferably have the meaning -N = N- or -CH = CH-, and where the system is both (the known per se) with Electron donor effect as well May have electron acceptor effect. AS has the meaning of an aromatic Systems, preferably with at least 6 and up to 14 Ring carbon atoms - especially the meaning Phenyl - that - as far as it is part of the polymer organic carrier T is - preferably via a electron-donating bridge group like an ether group  or one optionally substituted with C₁-C₄-alkyl Amino group linked via another appropriately substituted phenyl radical, or directly with the spacing unit (spacer = Y in formula II) is linked. AS or AS 'can be used as Components of a low molecular weight dye F die the substituents known in industrial dye chemistry such as C₁-C₄ alkyl, halogen, cyan, but also polar groups such as B. carry the -COOH or -SO₃H, -OH groups. AS 'also has the meaning of an aromatic Systems, preferably with at least 6 and up to 20 Ring carbon atoms, preferably containing at least a substituted phenyl radical.

Exemplary substituent patterns of the phenyl radical in AS ′ consist of:
at least one nitro group in the ortho or para position to the point of attachment of A, preferably in the para position,
optionally at least one alkoxy group, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
optionally at least one halogen, in particular chlorine substituent in the ortho, meta and / or para position,
a further aromatic radical AS ′ ′ which is linked via bridging group A, in particular via an azo group, which in turn (analogous to AS ′) can in turn be substituted as indicated above,
or a substituent

As prototypes for structures of Formula IV mentioned:

The above structural elements can (e.g. at the for a Substitution provided links linked) as coloring structural element Z act, or they can, if necessary, in a suitable manner, e.g. B. by Hydrogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl or benzyl substituted as low molecular weight dyes F used according to the invention will.  

As monomers of the formula III, in which Z represents a color-giving structural element (thus the dye F is bound to the polymeric organic carrier T), for example, are special called:

The preparation of the monomers of the formula III results from Acta Polym, for example. 38, 643 (1987).

Another way of making the optical components according to the invention consists in Use of the cis-trans conversion, e.g. from Stilbene derivatives. The connections of the Formula IV, wherein A is a bridging group

stands, for example where AS for a para position dialkylamino-substituted phenyl and AS 'for one Phenyl radical with para-nitro substitution, where optionally the polymer linkage via the amino group he follows. The 4-nitro-4'-dimethylaminostilbene has for example a λmax at 450 nm. The connections are also mentioned:

wherein R₁ has the meaning defined above.

Another group of interest according to the invention the cyanine dyes with the basic structure

N⊕ = CH- (CH = CH) _n -N

represents. May be mentioned for. B. the 3,3 ', 9-triethyl-thiacarbocyanine bromide (λmax = 550 nm). The possibility of isomerization can also be achieved with a indigoid system, for example of the formula V, or a corresponding monomer

in which Q is NR₄, in which R₄ is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 Carbon atoms, or wherein R₄ for attachment to the polymeric carrier or Q is sulfur (Thioindigo λmax = 546 nm) can be achieved. Provide further systems that can be used according to the invention Spiropyrans such as dimethyl-6'-nitroindolino spirobenzopyran or the benzothiazolinospiropyran.

The dye F can, as already stated, the system S be added, but it can also be covalently attached to the polymeric organic carrier T be bound. in the generally the concentration of the dye F is in Range 10% by weight, usually in the range  50% by weight. For mixtures, the concentration is 1-10 % By weight.

Beneficial effects

As an outstanding application of the invention manufactured optical components offers the Storage of optical information, with up to one degree to the experience of the state of the art can be used. They are suitable for. B. excellent for optical displays, for example colored displays. The application in the Holography. (M. Francon, holography, Springer-Verlag 1972; Holography Techniques & Proceedings, Ed.  W. P. O. Jüpner, SPIE, Proceedings, Vol. 1026.) Further advantageous application examples are in the field the light optics. So can be the invention Use optical components as polarization filters. A special aspect is the possibility of rotation the direction of polarization of incident light.

The procedure for optical data storage

The method for optical data storage for polarized light sources will be described with reference to the device according to FIG. 1 representing the experimental setup . The device uses a radiation source for a laser beam, for example the wavelength 514 nm (source: Argon-Laser, Spectra Physics, model 2030). The laser beam passes through an optical expansion system and then hits the sample, which is partially covered by a test mask. This device can be used to determine the change in the orientation parameter in the exposed areas as a function of the direction of polarization of the laser light.

The following examples serve to explain the Invention.

Examples A. Manufacture of the optical components Example A1

A dye is used as the organic polymeric carrier T Liquid crystal copolymer with 70 wt .-% share of a Azobenzene comonomers of the following schematic formula:

x = 0.7, y = 0.3
Mw = 7200; U (inconsistency) = 0.38
Tg = 27 degrees C, (λmax = 360 nm
Tn, i = 127 degrees C.

An untreated glass slide (50 × 50 mm) is coated with a 10-20% solution of the polymeric carrier T in a CH₂Cl₂ solution. The layer thickness ranges between 0.5 and 2.0 µm. Coating and drying takes place at room temperature. The result is an isotropic film which is irradiated with linearly polarized laser light (cf. "The method for optical data storage", FIG. 1). Using a test mask, structures between 500 and 2 µm with variable (parallel and perpendicular) polarization directions are inscribed. The wavelength of the Ar ion laser is 514.5 nm; Intensity = 300 mW / cm², exposure time t = 4 min.

Fig. 1a shows the inscribed anisotropic domains between crossed polarizers (approx. 100 times magnification) with vertical polarization of the writing laser in "45 °" and in "0/90 °" position with respect to the polarizer and analyzer. Fig. 1b shows the relative intensities of the exposed domains in relation to the isotropic, unexposed matrix.

Example A2

The dye-liquid crystal copolymer according to Example A1 is used as the polymeric carrier. The preparation is carried out analogously to Example 1. The inscription was made using a MICHELSON interferometer structure, which, when adjusted, results in a line grating with a grating constant of 50 μm with a polarization of the writing light perpendicular to the grating (cf. Fig. 2).

Example A3

Samples are used as described in Examples 1 and 2. The preparation is carried out in a thin layer on an untreated glass slide (50 × 50 mm). After coating, the mixture is annealed for 1-5 min at 100 degrees C and then cooled to room temperature. The result is a liquid-crystalline polymer film with a polydomain structure. The sample is described as in Example 1. The result can be seen from Fig. 3a (polarization direction vertical) and Fig. 3b (intensities).

Example A4

Samples are used as in Examples A1-A3. The preparation using the spin or pull method takes place in a thin layer on pre-oriented slides (glass with a polyimide layer). After coating, the mixture is briefly heated to Tn, i (127 degrees C) and slowly (1-10 min) cooled to 100 degrees C and annealed for 10 minutes. The result is a liquid-crystalline polymer film with a monodomain structure. Writing and detection is carried out as in Example A3. The result is shown in Fig. 4.

Example 5

Execution analogous to example A2. In addition, a double cross-exposure with perpendicularly polarized write waves created a symmetrical cross grating (see Fig. 5).

Examples A6-A8 General

As a polymer, a homopolymer of the structure:

with the following data
Mw = 14,000
Tg = 29 degrees C.
Tn, i = 97 degrees C.
used, in the ratio 99: 1 to 97: 3 (3% max) with azo dyes that absorb at different wavelengths, in solution (LM is CH₂Cl₂ or cyclopentanone). Subsequently, structured slides are coated from a 5-15% solution at room temperature. The samples are oriented by annealing at 125 degrees C (1-2 min) and 120 degrees C (5 min). The description is carried out analogously to example A1.

Example A6 dye

Result: See Fig. 6

Example A7 dye

Result: See Fig. 7

Example A8 dye

R ′, R ′ ′ = Cl, NO₂
Result: See Fig. 8.

Examples A9-A11 General

In deviation from the examples described above were

• a) amorphous isotropic and liquid-crystalline polymers polarized light described or oriented.
• b) layers between 0.2 and 200 microns through Coating from a solution and from the melt can be produced (not necessarily a substrate must be used).
• c) The description is done with linearly polarized light Halogen lamp (I = 10-12 mW / cm², exposure time = 10 min) at a temperature of 90 degrees C.

Example A9-A11

A copolymer of the structure is used

Absorption maximum: λmax = 450 nm

Example A9

A copolymer according to the above formula with n = 2 is used; Mw = 19,000 g mol ^-1 .

Example A10

A copolymer with n = 3 is used; Mw = 25,000 g mol ^-1 .

Example A11

A copolymer with n = 5 is used; Mw = 21,000 g mol ^-1 .

Example A12

Reorientation of the preferred direction by irradiating the monodomains of a copolymer from the monomers III-A and III-B in a weight ratio of 70:30. The polymer was applied from CH₂Cl₂ analogously to Examples A1 to A5 in a 0.5-1 mm thick layer on polyimide-coated glass and oriented in the direction of substrate pre-orientation. The monodomain produced in this way was exposed to an argon ion laser with λ = 514.5 nm with I = 390 mW / cm² for four minutes. The polar coordinate diagram shown in Fig. 9 shows the absorption at λ = 360 nm before and after irradiation. It can be clearly seen that when irradiating with polarized light parallel to the preferred direction of the substrate, that is to say parallel to the preferred orientation of the mesogens, the preferred orientation was rotated by 90 degrees after the irradiation, the order parameter changing from S = 0.72 to S = 0, 38 reduced.

B. Preparation of the polymers used B1. Preparation of a copolymer from the monomers in a weight ratio of 70:30

10.6 g (= 28.2 mmol) of monomer III-A and 4.4 g (= 11.1 mmol) of monomer III-B are dissolved in 30 ml of 1.4 dioxane and degassed several times in a Schlenk flask and with Flushed helium. After adding 5 mmol% (based on the total of the monomers) of azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile, the mixture is polymerized at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. The initiator is added 4-6 times during this period. Then it is precipitated in 600 ml of methanol. This process is repeated until the polymer is free of monomers. The polymer is dried at 30 degrees C in vacuo to constant weight.
Yield: 7.3-9.0 g = 49-59% of theory. Th.
Mw = 9000 g / mol
U = 0.4

B2. Preparation of a copolymer from the monomers

3.6 g (= 9.5 mmol) of monomer III-C and 0.4 g (= 0.95 mmol) of monomer III-D are dissolved in 8 ml of absolute 1,4-dioxane and polymerized as described under B1. The amount of initiator is 1 mol% AIBN and 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile, the same amount is replenished three times within the first 3 hours. The polymer is precipitated twice in 500 ml of methanol and then dried at 30 ° C. in vacuo.
Yield: 3 g = 75% of theory. Th.
Mw = 21,000 g mol ^-1 , λmax = 450 nm
Tg = 36 degrees C.

Claims (44)

1. A process for the production of optical components based on polymeric carriers which contain at least one dye, characterized in that the optical behavior of a system S consisting of the polymeric organic carrier T and at least one photoisomerizable dye F by irradiation of linearly polarized light specifically varies depending on the direction of polarization and the morphology of the organic carrier by means of a macroscopic, light-induced structuring. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the polymeric organic carrier T mesogenic groups contains covalently bound that too macroscopic oriented areas can be structured. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that the polymeric organic carrier T is in the amorphous state. 4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that the polymeric organic carrier T in the liquid-crystalline, disoriented state is present.   5. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that the polymeric organic carrier in liquid crystalline oriented state is present. 6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the linearly polarized light represents monochromatic light. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the polymeric organic carrier T a macroscopically oriented liquid crystalline shows nematic phase. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the absorption characteristics of the dye F and the wavelength of the incident linear polarized light are coordinated. 9. The method according to claims 1 and 8, characterized characterized in that the dye F under the Exposure to linearly polarized light changes the molecular geometry. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the dye F at least one of the cis-trans Has transformation accessible structural element. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that that the dye F contains at least one ring system, the suitable wavelength under the influence of light Ring opening suffers.   12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that that the dye F contains at least one group, whose geometry changes with proton transition. 13. The method according to claims 1 and 8 to 12, characterized in that the dye F in Wavelength range 300-1000 nm Absorption maximum. 14. The method according to claims 1 and 8 to 10, characterized in that the dye two by a bridge A, selected from the group has linked aromatic residues. 15. The method according to claims 8 to 10 and 14, characterized in that the dye F a Is azo dye. 16. The method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized in that the dye F covalently attached to the polymeric organic carrier T is bound. 17. The method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized in that the dye F the system S is added. 18. The method according to claims 1 to 16, characterized characterized in that the polymeric organic carrier T Contains building blocks that have electrical anisotropy have.   19. The method according to claims 1 and 8 to 10, characterized characterized in that the dye F in its Preferred direction a length of at least 10 Å owns. 20. The method according to claims 1 to 19, characterized characterized in that the proportion of the dye molecules F based on the electrically anisotropic groups 1 to Is 100% by weight. 21. The method according to claims 1 to 20, characterized characterized in that the polymeric carrier T a Has molecular weight of 10³ to 10⁶ g / mol. 22. The method according to claims 1 to 21, characterized characterized in that the polymeric organic carrier a glass transition temperature Tg of at least -40 degrees C. owns. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that that the polymeric organic carrier T a Glass temperature Tg of at least 0 degrees C. 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that that the polymeric organic carrier T a Glass temperature Tg of at least 20 degrees C. 25. The method according to claims 22 to 24, characterized characterized in that the glass temperature Tg below 220 degrees C.   26. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the system S is brought to a temperature between a value of 20 degrees C below Tg of Systems and a value below Tn, i (transition to the isotropic phase). 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that that the system S is brought to a temperature which lies between Tg and Tn, i. 28. The method according to claims 26 and 27, characterized characterized in that the temperature of the system S about the intensity of the incident light controls. 29. The method according to claims 26 to 28, characterized characterized in that the temperature of the system S by external temperature supply in the required temperature range brings. 30. The method according to claims 1 to 29, characterized characterized in that the system S on a Carrier substrate TS is arranged. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the carrier substrate TS has an absorption maximum and in the application area transparent solid represents. 32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that that the carrier substrate TS is a mineral glass or a represents organic glass.   33. The method according to claims 1 to 29, characterized characterized in that the system S a self-supporting Represents film. 34. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 33 for storing information. 35. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 34 as displays. 36. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 34 for holography. 37. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 33 as a polarization filter. 38. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 33 for rotating the Direction of polarization of incident light. 39. Use of the optical components according to claim 35 as colored displays. 40. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 34 to represent different Information depending on the polarization of the incident light. 41. Use of the optical components according to Claims 1 to 33 as a filter for defined Wavelength ranges.   42. Process for the production of optical components according to Claim 1, characterized in that a and the same optical system S simultaneously for different ones Wavelength ranges is prepared. 43. Process for the production of optical components according to Claim 1, characterized in that the Preparation of the system S for a specific Wavelength range by heating the system can be undone. 44. Process for the production of optical components according to Claim 1, characterized in that for one System S prepared certain wavelength range by repeating the procedure for one wider wavelength range is set.