DE3909169A1 - Water-permeable natural-coloured paving element and process for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-permeable paving element and to a process for production of such a paving element. According to the invention, a natural stone layer of crushed natural stone material and a polymer binder is produced on a layer of concrete which is composed of a mixture with cement, aggregates and water and has distributed cavities. The two layers are then pressed together, the polymer material of the natural stone layer being partially pressed into the cavities of the concrete layer in order to obtain a one-piece paving stone with a natural stone surface which retains its colour and structure for long periods of time without fading.

Description

The invention relates to a water-permeable natural color Pavement element in the form of slabs, paving stones, composite stones and the like, such as paving pavements, used as a road surface, for walks in parks, etc. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such plaster elements.

Although there are already different types of paving elements, such as slabs, paving stones, etc. for paving the walkways of streets, for paving walkways in parks, etc. known; however, conventional paving elements are made of concrete not permeable to water. If a path or area under Use of such concrete slabs or paved rainwater cannot penetrate the ground, because the paving elements are impermeable to water. Hereby but is the growth of trees that are adjacent to the paved areas are planted, hindered.

Because with colored concrete paving elements to achieve a special color pigments are used which tend to be known concrete paving elements with time to decolorize and the initially beautiful colors fade. Still exists a disadvantage of the known concrete paving elements in that they are sensitive to impact because concrete is very low Has tensile strength.  

It has now become common to use colored concrete pavement design elements that are permeable to water in order to make them lightweight To allow surface water to drain into the subsoil lichen.

However, since such water-permeable colored concrete Patch elements consist of a material in which zer shattered rock particles, water and pigments the Portland Cement is added when they are used as roads to be used, insufficient strength against external forces, e.g. against that of vehicles or foot load imposed on them. They also have Pigments in these patch elements, if these are the direct ones Exposure to the sun, wind and rain, the tendency to fade in a short time.

About the occurrence of discoloration or fading to prevent a water-permeable nature stone paving element developed in which the smashed Natural stone material, such as B. marble, coral rock (corallite), what peculiar colors and patterns have with a water-repellent synthetic resin binders are bound, such as e.g. with urethane, epoxy, polyester or acrylic resins.

Compared to the colored ones described above Concrete paving elements have the paving elements that are made of smashed natural rock and a synthetic resin relatively large dimensions of, for example, each 300 mm in length and width with a thickness of at for example 60 mm and high mechanical strength without that there is a risk of bleaching or discoloration exist. On the other hand, the production costs for the like natural stone / resin paving elements high.  

It turned out to be extremely difficult right away timely to the two claims specified below fulfill, namely on the one hand a water-permeable nature to create colored plaster element that lasts for a long time Time no discoloration occurs, and on the other hand a plaster to create element which is high at low cost possesses mechanical strength.

Based on the prior art and the above showed problem the invention is based on the object an inexpensive, water-permeable, natural-colored plaster element to indicate which has a high mechanical strength has and its surface color even after long use time has not faded, as well as a method for producing a to propose such a plaster element in order in this way to Disadvantages of the paving elements according to the prior art overcome.

This task is, according to the paving element, according to the invention by a water-permeable natural color Pavement element with the characteristics of the characteristic part of claim 1 solved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a water-permeable natural colored plaster element created, where there is a thick layer of water permeable concrete is the stone material shattered by binding, i.e. out Aggregates and cement using a dispersion is produced by, being smashed between the Solid particles or stones cavities are distributed. This layer is made in one piece with a thin porous water permeable layer of natural stone connected by binding crushed natural stone material with beautiful patterns and / or Paints is made with a hard synthetic resin binder.  

As for the procedure, the task set by the method according to claims 6 or 7 solved, these processes the efficient production of Patch elements according to the invention within a short time he possible.

The water-permeable, natural-colored paving elements - referred to in the detailed description for the sake of simplicity as paving stones - according to the invention, are laid seamlessly on the previously prepared substrate to form a road or walkway covering. Such a covering retains its beautiful colors and / or patterns for a long time without the colors of the natural stones used fading. In addition, rainwater can flow through the covering consisting of pavement elements according to the invention or through the cavities in the thin natural stone layer and the thick concrete layer of the paving stones into the underground, where it is absorbed.

An important aspect of the method according to the invention Claim 6 is that the mixture of the crushed natural rock and the hard plastic binder based on polyurethane resin directly on the upper surface of the thick layer of ready mixed concrete the cavities contained therein is applied without wait for this ready-mixed concrete to harden. The two Layers are then pressed together, with part of the Hard plastic binder based on urethane into the cavities the thick layer of precast concrete is pressed in and consequently, as in the press fit, positively and positively into this Cavities engaging so that the two layers, although they be made one after the other by the action of the bandage be connected to one another in one piece.  

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject further claims.

Further details and advantages of the invention will be made after based on the detailed description in connection with the Drawings explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a natural colored paving stone according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along the line II-II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section through a thick precast concrete layer during the compression of this layer according to a first preferred method for producing paving stones according to the invention;

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section to explain the second manufacturing step in the implementation of the method, the first step of which is shown in Fig. 3, the shape used for the manufacture of the paving stones also being shown in section in both figures;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross sections for explaining the two successive manufacturing steps in a modified process management for producing paving stones according to the invention, wherein also the shape is shown in cross section again.

Show in detail

Fig. 1 and 2 of the drawing before a ferred embodiment of a water-permeable, NEN paving stone according to the invention natural color. Particles 1 , which mainly consist of crushed stone and have a diameter of 2 to 5 mm, are connected to one another by means of cement 2 and a dispersing agent in a state in which countless cavities 3 of different sizes are distributed between the particles 1 . This Ma materials are pressed to form a thick, water-permeable concrete layer 4 with a length and width of 300 mm and a thickness of 50 mm. Subsequently, who the particle 5 of smashed red natural stone (coral rock; corallite) bound with a synthetic binder 6 made of a hard polyurethane resin in a state in which countless cavities 7 are distributed between the smashed Ge stone particles 5 . These materials are pressed to produce a thin, water-permeable rock layer 8 with a length and a width of 300 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. The thin, water-permeable rock layer (corallite layer) 8 is connected in one piece to the thick, water-permeable concrete layer 4 by means of the adhesive force of the hard urethane synthetic resin binder 6 .

When the water-permeable, natural-colored paving stones according to the embodiment for paving a street used, then the stones on the surface of the previously prepared roadbed laid in such a way that there are no gaps between the paving stones, so that a closed road surface is formed. The The road surface produced in this way retains its magnificent, natural colors, especially the natural red color of corallite rock, for a long time without fading.  

In addition, rainwater can drain from the road surface through the cavities 7 in the thin, water-permeable rock layer 8 and the cavities 3 in the thick, water-permeable concrete layer 4 and is absorbed by the bed or by the substructure of the road. The rainwater consequently does not form puddles on the street, and it is possible to drain the rainwater into the ground. Since the paving stones also have high air permeability, the heat emitted by the road surface is low.

Fig. 3 to explain the invention is a preferred method for the production of paving stones according to. A mixture of particles 1 , for example crushed natural stone, cement 2 , water and a dispersing agent, is filled into a square shape 10 with an edge length of 300 mm and a depth of 80 mm in a state in which numerous cavities 3 are present in this mass as shown in FIG. 2. The mixture filled in the mold 10 is then compressed from above by means of a pressure plate 11 with a pressure force P _{1 in} order to produce the thick, water-permeable precast concrete layer 4 with a thickness of 50 mm. The pressure plate 11 is then removed and the mixture of red rock particles 5 and a transparent binder 6 made of a hard urethane synthetic resin is applied to the surface of the thick precast concrete layer 4 formed in the mold 10 , as shown in FIG. 4. The two layers are then evenly pressed together by means of the pressure plate 11 with a pressure P ₂ acting from above in order to produce a 10 mm thick, water-permeable, thin layer 8 of red rock particles with numerous cavities 7 between the particles 5 (see FIG . 2). At the same time letting a portion 6 A of the hard urethane synthetic binder 6 of the thin layer 8 to a certain extent in a press fit into cavities 3 of the thick precast concrete layer 4 penetrate to the two layers 4, 8 in one piece by the adhesion of the part 6a of the binder 6 with each other connect to. In this state, the binder is allowed to harden, and the hardened paving stone is then removed from the mold 10 .

The mixture of particles 5 from crushed red natural stone, in particular corallite, and from the binder 6 , which consists of a hard urethane synthetic resin, is immediately applied to the surface of the thick prefabricated concrete layer 4 with the cavities 3 distributed therein, during the Ready-mixed concrete has not yet hardened, i.e. without waiting for the ready-mixed concrete to harden. The two layers 4, then both layers 4 and together exerted 8 of the pressure P _2, wherein the part is hineingepreßt 6 a of the binder 6 in the cavities 3 of the finished concrete layer 4, whereby it is possible, 8-positively and positively to form a unit connect with each other.

The invention is not based on the above Embodiments explained drawings limited. For example, as natural rocks with special Patterns, colors and gloss or glitter effects too Granite, serpentine, gravel, marble and the like can be used. As for the size of the crushed rock particles As far as it is concerned, it is possible to use broken stones a particle size of 5 to 10 mm to use. Wei terhin can for example for the thick layer  Thickness of 40 mm can be chosen, while for the thickness of the thin layer selected a thickness of 20 mm, for example can be.

The method for producing paving stones according to the invention can also be modified in such a way that, according to FIG. 5, the mixture of stone particles 5 and binder 6 is first filled into the mold 10 and then pressed together with a force P ₃ in order to close the thin layer 8 form. Subsequently, then as shown in FIG. 6, which serdurchlässige precast concrete mixture is applied to the thin layer 8, and together with the force of P _4, in order to form the thick layer 4, wherein 8 and 4, the two layers are connected due to the adhesion of the binder 6 again integrally with each other as shown in FIG. 2.

As described above, the invention is according to the thin water-permeable layer 8 with natural rock in which the rock particles 5 are bonded with a binder 6 on the basis of a hard urethane-resin, and are distributed in countless between the particles 5 cavities 7, using the synthetic resin binder 6 integrally bound with the thick layer 4 of cheap, water-permeable concrete, in which the particles 1 of crushed rock material are bound with cement 2 , countless cavities 3 being present between the particles. It is therefore possible, even if the crushed stone particles 5 and the synthetic resin binder 6 are expensive, because of the fact that these materials are only present in a thin layer and therefore only need to be used in small amounts, to obtain a water-permeable natural stone. Obtaining paving stone, which is cheap overall, has a high impact and flexural strength and has a high abrasion resistance.

Furthermore, the mixture of crushed natural stone particles 5 and hard urethane synthetic resin binder 6 is applied directly to the surface of the thick layer 4 of prefabricated concrete with cavities 3 therein without waiting for the concrete to harden or harden. The two layers are then pressed together, so that a part of the hard can be hineingepreßt urethane resin binder 6 "press-fitted" in the present in the thick precast concrete layer 4 cavities 3, thus making it possible for the two layers using the bond strength of the binder 6 to connect in one piece. As a result, it is possible to manufacture the water-permeable, natural-colored paving stone in a short time, and the production cost can thus be reduced.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the Mixtures for the production of the thick concrete layer and the thin layer of natural stone, as implicit from the the above explanations become clear with the expert common additives for the generation of water porosity, or that the mentioned mixtures are treated in such a way that the desired pore density and size as a compromise between the desired water permeability on the one hand, and the desired mechanical strength of the finished plaster elements on the other hand results.

Claims (10)

1. Water-permeable, natural-colored plaster element, characterized by the following features:
A thick, water-permeable concrete layer ( 4 ) with cavities ( 3 ) is provided, as they arise when aggregates (stone particles 1), such as crushed stone material, are bound with cement; there is a thin, water-permeable natural stone layer ( 8 ) which has cavities ( 7 ) as they arise when crushed natural stone material (natural stone particles 5 ) is bound with a hard plastic binder ( 6 ); and the thin water-permeable natural stone layer ( 8 ) is attached in one piece over the water-permeable thick concrete layer ( 4 ). 2. plaster element according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushed natural stone material through mechanical smashing made of natural stone Is natural stone material. 3. plaster element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized records that the crushed natural stone material speci has all colors and patterns. 4. Patch element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the crushed natural stone material from at least one of the following natural rocks represents is; Limestone-based coral rock, river gravel, Marble, granite, basalt, septin rock.   5. plaster element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hard plastic binder is a urethane resin binder. 6. A method for producing a water-permeable, natural-colored plaster element, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following method steps:
There is a mixture of additives, such as crushed stone material, cement, water and a dispersion medium filled in a mold;
the mixture is compressed in such a way that voids are distributed between the particles of the aggregates to produce a water-permeable thick precast concrete layer;
a mixture of crushed natural stone material and a hard plastic binder is applied to the surface of the water-permeable thick precast concrete layer; and
the two layers are pressed together to produce a thin layer of water-permeable natural stone and at the same time to cause a portion of the mixture of the thin layer containing the synthetic resin binder to penetrate into the cavities of the thick precast concrete layer, in order in this way to form an integral connection of the two layers with the aid of the Binder to reach. 7. A method for producing a water-permeable, natural-colored plaster element, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following method steps:
A mixture of crushed natural stone material and a hard plastic binder is filled into a mold;
the mixture is pressed together to form a water-permeable thin layer of natural stone;
on the surface of the water-permeable thin natural stone layer, a mixture of additives, such as. B. applied a crushed stone material, cement, water and a dispersant; and
the two layers are pressed together to form a water-permeable thick prefabricated concrete layer and at the same time to cause a portion of the mixture of the thin layer containing the synthetic resin binder to penetrate into the cavities of the thick prefabricated concrete layer, in order in this way to form an integral connection between the two layers Help to achieve the binder. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the aggregates are broken up mechanically made of stone material. 9. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the crushed natural stone material by mechanical Shattering of natural stones is made.   10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized characterized in that as a hard plastic binder Urethane resin binder is used.