DE3836187C1 - Arrangement of rounds for firing from gun, in which ballistic coefficients of first and second rounds are identical - Google Patents

Abstract

A tandem round consists of a first round and at least one subsequent round. All the round components are designed so that their ballistic coefficients are equal to each other. By stepped short delay or acceleration, all the round components are kept at the same velocity to produce an in-flight arrangement of rounds following the same curved path at constant spacing.

Description

The invention relates to a floor arrangement according to the upper Concept of claim 1.

Such a floor arrangement is known from EP-0 069 949 A1 knows and consists of a first floor and at least one egg a basement that is set up for this, the basement with a substantially constant distance from it or to the flying-up basement and thus with the to follow the same flight speed. To the floors that ver one behind the other from a gun to be shot, to separate, is a separation device required to separate the first floor from the second floor, to establish the distance; this separator device consists in the known floor arrangement of a aerodynamic brake that is actuated by a pull rope to be done, which is attached to the first floor and its Length corresponds to distance; this pull rope is fully out tensions, then it should deactivate the brake, after which that The basement should begin to stop opposite the basement until the brake is activated again by the slack pull rope to be fourth.

One of the disadvantages of the known floor arrangement is in that the second floor, because it should be able to ge compared to the front floor after braking  catch up, will basically follow a different trajectory than the front floor and in relation to it in vertical Seeks to change direction. The pull rope is high exposed to aerodynamic interference, making it his intended tax effect probably at most in a short Section of the entire trajectory will be able to exercise.

DE 32 07 220 A1 is a floor arrangement of one The first floor and a second floor are not known a rope are connected to each other and yet one behind the other who should fly here. However, this publication is also no measure can be taken that is actually suitable to ensure that the first and second floors with a defined Fly one behind the other, essentially both Follow the same trajectory.

But now the purpose of such a floor arrangement is that the first and second floors can be used one after the other meet at the same meeting point, because during that First the active or reactive protection of a corresponding trigger and deactivate the appropriate armor, that should Second floor to the then unprotected area of the armor hit yourself and fight them. Also the temporal and thus spatial distance between the floors is in within narrow limits, because the distance is too briefly, then the protection triggered by the front floor interferes the direction of a reactive armor shot, and if the distance is too large, then about a moving target is no longer the impact of the progeny lap in the meeting point of the first floor.

Based on this problem, the invention is the Task based on the well-known storey mentioned at the beginning order to continue training over a long period  Shooting distance equal within permissible limits remaining distance between the floors and their in the we substantially the same meeting point location is ensured.

This object is ge by the features of claim 1 solves; this is due to the same ballistic coefficient of the storeys ensures that the storeys are exact follow the same trajectory if they have the same flight have speed. With the ballistic coefficient, the combination that determines the drop in speed the sizes of the floor mass, floor cross section and air resistance coefficient of stability, however, are the mutual aerodynamics interferences taken into account, e.g. B. release vortex, wind shade and the like

The floor arrangement according to the invention can from a Vorge shot and trained one or more secondary floors be all on the same ballistic coefficient point; in any case, the arrangement of the storeys will match consequently each floor at the same flight speed brought.

The arrangement for bringing about a speed sand tion can be, for example, a braking device such as the one skilled in the art is known from EP-0 069 949 A1, for example, or an additional engine, as the expert is known from DE-32 05 431 A1.

The device for changing the speed guides the doors floor and then mutual adjustment their speed while the same ballisti cal coefficient ensures that the storeys then the follow the same trajectory.  

This ensures that after separation and Establishing the distance of these and the meeting point location of all Bullets essentially unchanged over the rest of the trajectory stay.

The claim 2 deals with further training of the Separating device, the first and second floors each accelerates and / or brakes that the floor arrangement after the separation, the desired flight speed ability.

If several engines are provided, they can be in time Lich staggered order, such as when fired at launch Detected pyrotechnic agents, are ignited so that in short successive, temporal staggering, with the pre starting shot, each part of the projectile is accelerated so that at the end of the acceleration processes all parts of the floor again the same, but possibly increased Flugge have speed, then between floors the desired distance is not only present, but also is maintained.

If several aerodynamic braking devices are provided, then they are preferably of the same design and can like the brake on the generic publication, intermit be effective.

The brakes can, for example, each as a peripheral flange the floor be made up of extendable single areas that exist at the beginning of the deceleration  gear can be extended and at the end of the braking process can be blown off or dropped.

The individual aerodynamic brakes can be triggered by a Time control, such as by a flame igniter. Here is it is possible to start the effective flight distance of the fiction bullet similar to the firing time of an anti-aircraft grenade choose. The aerodynamic brake of the last is preferred ten subsequent part of the floor, however, already when leaving the Ge Contactor arrangement activated, as a result of almost the same meeting point position and the constant flight distance of the individual Ge lap parts it is useful in the projectile according to the invention Distance between the individual floor parts over their entire Establish flight route, thus the use of the fiction ensure that the projectile is on the entire trajectory.

For example, it can be advantageous for a two-part system Tandem storey of which the second floor is already on leaving Ge briefly brake the protective mouth by the sabot, releases the front floor without braking; one by the launch gases ignited, slightly delayed burning engine in the basement accelerates this back to the same after braking che speed, which also has the front floor.

In order for a bullet of the latter type in particular To enable the shortest possible control distance, it is preferred that the or the last subsequent floor part is not only possible as early as possible, but also braked relatively strongly is so that it has its final, intended airspeed and thus ultimately the predetermined distance from the front he missile part of the floor after the shortest possible flight distance enough. Then, the associated one or more is also preferred lumbar projectile part in the same way, ie just as strongly, braked;  but it is also possible to reduce the braking effect with the leading Ge to have the lap part inserted earlier and the braking less to make strong.

Preferably, those provided on the floor parts can be provided aerodynamic brakes of the same design.

The projectile according to the invention can be used as a spin-stabilized projectile be formed, but is preferably arrow-stabilized and further preferably designed as a sub-caliber floor, the aero dynamic brakes or at least one of these with parts of the Sabot interact and thrown off with this or abge can be blown up.

The projectile according to the invention is preferably designed as a balancing projectile forms, but can also be designed as a shaped charge projectile. It is also possible within a single floor arrangement Arrange balancing and shaped charge projectiles mixed, as far as the the ballistic coefficient of the projectile parts mentioned above which is the same.

Overall, as already indicated above, the mutual Influencing the parts of the storey are taken into account; so it is for Example possible that the auxiliary engine of a leading Ge part of the lap not only accelerates, but the following Projectile part also brakes; furthermore, even after producing the ge desired distance between the projectile parts by the head shaft of the leading part of the floor creates a certain slipstream be the one that follows at a distance of only a few meters Part of the floor causes an inflow which differs from that of the front hurrying, in particular the foremost part of the floor det.

The object of the invention is illustrated by the attached  schematic drawing explained in more detail; in this shows:

Fig. 1 shows the speed of two projectile parts of a tandem projectile according to the invention, carried over their respective flight times, and

Fig. 2 is a diagram similar to that of FIG. 1, but with different values, the distance between the projectile parts is also plotted.

The diagrams shown in the drawing each relate to a tan demgeschoß, which is a leading projectile part or front floor and only has a subsequent floor part or second floor.

The second floor (index 2) is only provided with greater air resistance from t _2a to t _2e (during the time dt ₂ ) and consequently braked from the speed v _2a = v ₂ (T _2a ) to v _2e v ₂ (t _2e ) . This creates a distance between the first and second floors.

At time t _1a , which is generally later than t _2e by the interval dt, up to time t _1e (duration dt ₁ ) the first floor (index 1) is provided with a greater air resistance in the same way as before the second floor , so that its flight speed is reduced from v _1a to v _1e . This value is not identical to v _2e , but v ₁ (T _1e ) = v ₂ (T _1e ) must apply.

With the exception of the time span from t _2a to t _1e (this time span corresponds to dt + d _t1 ), the two projectile parts then always have the same flight speeds over the entire trajectory.

Depending on the floor data and the additional resistances, the individual time intervals must be selected as follows:

• a) The time period d _t2 is dimensioned such that a distance is established between the first and the second floor, which should be of the order of magnitude of the target value, but preferably somewhat less.
• b) The time span d _t1 must be such that the speed of the first floor is braked to the then present speed of the second floor, measured ge at time t _1e .
• c) The period dt, which lies between the activation of the two aero dynamic brakes, must be dimensioned such that, due to the speed difference between the front and rear shot, there is a mutual distance during the period from t _2a to t _1e , which fulfills the conditions necessary to combat the (e.g. active) goal. If one interprets the path a ( Fig. 2) as a time integral of the speed, it follows from the figures that the area enclosed by the speed curves is equal to the achieved and thus the required distance according to the task. It can also be used to clarify the mutual dependencies of braking resistors and time intervals.

From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the degree of braking (slope of the v ₁ or v ₂ curve) does not have to be the same for the first and _second floors, as is the case with the diagram in FIG. 1. In any case, it is of secondary importance which speed changes of the first and second _floors experience between t _2a and t _1e . The value of the (negative) acceleration can be different for the first and second floors; it is only important that after time t _1e the same speed is present for both parts of the storey and thus only a single curve in the diagram.

In the lower part of FIG. 2, the mutual distance a between the first and second floors is plotted over time; this distance is shown in the upper part by the hatched area, which is enclosed by the curves for the speed profile of the first and second floors.

As can be seen, a _{0 is} the distance between the first and second floors up to the time t _2a , that is to say after leaving the gun muzzle until the beginning of the separation of the first and second floors. The distance a ₀ can range from zero to a few cm. The distance a then decreases during the speed changes of pre- and Nachgeschoß to until both floor parts at the time t _1e the same speed have, and then reaches the final value a _soll the target value of below about the rest of the trajectory to reach the target is maintained.

At time t _z , the projectile parts have reached a minimum distance a _min and are then in the minimum combat distance, ie the tandem projectile has then covered the distance during which it was ineffective or not yet fully effective.

In order to keep this minimum combat distance as short as possible, one will preferably seek to place the time t _2a as close as possible to the shooting time t ₀ and, if necessary, the slope of the curve for v ₂ between t _2a and t _2e as well for v ₁ between t _1a and t _1e as steep as possible so that the time t _{1a can} coincide with the time t _2e or falls before this.

Claims (8)

1st floor arrangement for firing from a gun, with

• 1. a first floor,
• 2. at least one additional storey which is set up to follow the first storey at a substantially constant distance from this or from the next storey flying ahead and thus at the same airspeed, and
• 3. a separating device for separating the first floor from the second floor to establish the distance during or after the launch,

characterized by

• 1. that the ballistic coefficient (that is, the combination of the sizes of the velocity drop determining the weight of the shell, the cross-section of the floor and the drag coefficient) of the first floor and the second floor, if necessary, taking into account mutual aerodynamic interference, so that they follow the same trajectory without contact , and
• 2. that the projectiles are associated with an arrangement for bringing about a change in speed, which is designed to bring the projectiles to the same airspeed after establishing the distance.

2. Floor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device in the manufacture of the distance

• 1. first delayed the second floor to the lower Fluggeschwin speed and then also delayed the first floor to the airspeed,
• 2. or the first floor is accelerated to the higher airspeed and the subsequent second floor is also accelerated to the airspeed,
• 3. or the first floor is accelerated and then decelerated to the flight speed occupied by the subsequent second floor,
• 4. or delayed the first floor and then accelerated to the flight speed occupied by the first floor.

3. Floor arrangement according to claim 2, characterized net that the separator as a number before each trains similar aerodynamic brakes, one of which is on the first floor and one on the second floor is ordered. 4. floor arrangement according to claim 3, characterized net that the aerodynamic brake each by means of a Time control, preferably by pyrotechnic means is solvable. 5. Floor arrangement according to one of claims 3 or 4, there characterized in that the aerodynamic brake after the Deceleration of the front floor or of the one in question Subsequent is detachable from this and / or ineffective becomes. 6. Floor arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 5, there characterized in that the aerodynamic brake of the  Second floor when leaving the mouth of the Protected can be activated. 7. Floor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized net that the separator as a number before each trains of similar auxiliary engines is formed, so are coordinated with one another that after they have burned out Bullets have the same speed. 8. Floor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, there characterized in that several additional floors are provided are, of which the one flying ahead to the next the following behaves like the first floor to the second floor.