DE3505600A1 - Process and apparatus for regulating the temperature in rooms to be temperature-controlled - Google Patents

Abstract

For the diversely advantageous and therefore optimum regulation of the room temperature of a plurality of rooms by radiators or cooling devices with individual mass flow, respectively regulated at the radiators or cooling devices by means of automatic throttle devices, of the heat-carrier medium, each deviation, dictated by, for example, structural conditions, climatic zone, weather conditions and/or user-related heat loads, of the variation of the consuming-unit output from a set-value band, which is predetermined by a greater and a smaller set value of the variation range of the consuming-unit output and intended to constitute the permissible size of this consuming-unit-output variation range, is eliminated by correcting the heat and cold output supplied to the heating and coolant feeds. For this purpose there are provided measuring devices for total mass flow and feed temperature and return temperature, and a regulating device having, in particular, devices for determining the feed/return temperature difference, for determining the consuming-unit-output instantaneous values and for storing at least one of the same, for determining at least one consuming-unit-output variation and for establishing the deviation of the same above the upper and/or below the lower limit of the set-value band of the consuming-unit-output variation range, and having a control-command transmitter for the heat and cold output supplied to the heating and coolant feeds.

Description

Method and device for regulating the

Temperature in rooms to be tempered The invention relates to a first superordinate idea of the invention a method for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered by radiators or cooling devices, in which on these provided automatically acting throttle devices in the respective radiator or the respective cooling device entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature and a target room temperature regulated is, and is according to a second. superior inventive idea on the one hand on a device for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered Via flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a heat generator connected radiators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which in the respective radiator or

the respective cooling device entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium Can be regulated as a function of the actual room temperature from a target room temperature is, with a device for measuring the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and a control device through which the same as a function of the measurement the supply and removal of thermal energy to or from the heat transfer medium can be influenced is, and on the other hand to a device for regulating the temperature in to be tempered Clearance through flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a Radiators connected to heat generators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a The target room temperature can be regulated, with a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or cooling medium flow (flow temperature) and a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the Individual mass flows of the same flowing through individual radiators or cooling devices summarizing return line (return temperature) and a device for Determination of the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures and a control device through which, as a function of this, the measured values temperature difference determined from the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium the supply and removal of thermal energy to or from the heat transfer medium can be influenced is directed, which are each preferably used to carry out the method according to should be suitable for the first superordinate inventive idea.

Here, the term “tempering” includes both heating and also the cooling of rooms, which in turn are lounges for people or Animals or storage rooms for sensitive goods or machines or equipment, such as computers or the like, or can also be rooms, in which certain treatments on dead matter or on living beings, such as for example bacterial or virus cultures or the like can be made which in such cases are usually referred to as breeding rooms. Corresponding such rooms are either created by radiators connected to a heat generator or tempered by cooling devices connected to a cold generator, these radiators or cooling devices each with automatically acting Throttle devices for the mass flow of the heat transfer medium entering them are equipped.

In the case of living rooms to be heated for people, the Temperature in these by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating flow (Flow temperature) on the one hand and by regulating the room temperature on the other influenced. The adaptation of the flow temperature of the heating network to the heat demand of a room or house to be heated is achieved by a so-called outside temperature the weather-compensated flow temperature control, with which, depending on the Outside temperature recorded by an outside temperature sensor with the help of a "heating curve" the corresponding flow temperature is selected as indicated by the heating curve. Here every effort is made to set the heating curve in such a way that all automatic Throttle devices of the radiators connected to the heating network in their control range work.

However, this results in considerable deviations between the target characteristic and the characteristic curve set by the heating installer.

Experience has shown that the heating installer takes care of that on the one hand the non-linear dependence of the outside temperature on the flow temperature only is to be reproduced by a family of heating curves, with the individual Relationship between outside temperature and flow temperature is not known, and on the other hand also further heating system-specific and / or by the Peculiarities of the room or house to be heated as a whole of a multitude Room-related influencing factors must be taken into account, a high one as a precaution Select the characteristic to ensure that the flow temperature is sufficiently high is to even under extreme operating conditions, on the one hand by extreme fluctuations the outside temperature and, on the other hand, extreme demands on the room temperature and not least because of unfavorable properties not known to him in detail of the building forming the rooms to be heated and / or of the heating system in particular with regard to heat losses through heat dissipation and / or radiation on the one hand and / or On the other hand, heat absorption through solar radiation, for example, is this possibly also at the same time with regard to differently located rooms, can be conditional to ensure the desired room temperatures. Apart from that from the fact that the heating installer is thus able to assess the type of heating curve required is left to it and thus, regardless of any possibility, retrospectively Correction adjustment with regard to its quality solely from its individual experience depends, experience has shown that this is not even a useful approximation to a target characteristic curve that does justice to the actual individual circumstances achievable; rather, there are often considerable errors due to incorrect assessments the steepness of the characteristic curve and its zero point.

Another shortcoming is the poor adjustment system. Apart from that from the fact that often an adaptation of the heating curve to the conditions in the over the heating system with thermal energy is not possible at all is, it is necessary to know the behavior for setting the respective heating curve of the entire heating system with regard to the dependency of its individual operating parameters the relevant external influencing variables over at least two heating periods, d. H. two to three years essential.

This results in the optimization adjustment of the heating curve difficult and tedious, and the adverse consequences of this are unnecessarily high Standstill and radiation losses of both the heat generator, z. B. a boiler, as well as the pipes of the heating network. Is disadvantageous also that outside temperature-independent influencing variables, such as ventilation habits the residents, the sunshine through window surfaces or the waste heat from electricity Devices such as B. from refrigerators, electric stoves or copiers or the like, with known weather-compensated flow temperature controls even with relatively precisely set heating characteristics cannot be taken into account due to the system.

It can be seen that such known flow temperature controls with regard to the room temperature it is a matter of pure controls, since feedback from the Room temperature is missing.

As part of the individual room temperature control, you therefore have to individual influencing of the room temperature in the individual rooms of the radiators each assigned an automatically acting throttle device, which is in the respective radiator entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function regulates the actual room temperature from a target room temperature. This automatically acting throttle devices can be used as a combination of a radiator valve with formed on this acting control device with setpoint generator, temperature sensor and controller be, however, it has been referred to collectively as a radiator thermostat Thermostatic radiator valves found widespread acceptance, mostly as Expansion regulator or as an expansion regulator with an encapsulated and gas-filled one Corrugated tubular body formed expansion body are executed. These work automatically Throttle devices regulate the room temperature automatically, with the Mass flow of the heat transfer medium flowing through the respective radiator itself a function of the control deviation, the flow temperature, of the entire heating system prevailing pressure and, last but not least, special parameters of the thermostatic valve is, however, they are proportionally acting controllers and can regulate the room temperature because of the remaining system deviation in the Order of magnitude of in unfavorable cases even up to 6 K only imprecisely on the desired temperature value adjust. Due to the system, these occur when the empirically selected heating curve not due to unfavorable design or choice or due to external influences corresponds to the actual supply of thermal energy.

This not infrequently leads to the need to have to ventilate, which in turn tends to lead again to energy losses which, according to experience, are not insignificant.

For heating systems that work with measurement of the total mass flow you have for the special case continuously supplied heat transfer medium to the heating flow Tries to be guided by the outside temperature and the selection of a system-specific Heating curve to become independent. In contrast to older outdoor temperature or weather-compensated room temperature controls where the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium was measured and connected to the controller as a control variable, while the reference variable is either set manually or as a function of the outside temperature, the flow temperature to the manipulated variable for the Controller made while the controlled variable is the total mass flow in the consumer circuit the heating system is. The control signal of the flow controller either acts on the actuator for the energy supply to the heat generator or on a multi-way mixer, which in a known manner the proportion of the coming from the heat generator highly heated Heat transfer medium in the consumer circuit that is separate from the boiler circuit sets -that a specified flow temperature is maintained.

For the first time, this is a real regulation the room temperature, as it changes in the course of the change in the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium released by the heat generator or the change in the proportion the same taking place on the heat transfer medium circulating in the consumer circuit Change in the energy supply to the consumer circuit setting change of the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a feedback variable used is the deviation of the total mass flow from its specified target value (Control difference of the total mass flow) to be eliminated.

However, this known type of regulation has a number of serious ones Disadvantages .; It is based on heating systems with a continuous supply of heat output limited to the heat transfer medium in the heating flow of the heating system, however, their distribution is limited.

For the widespread heating systems with discontinuously working Heat generator, which can then be used, for example, as a boiler with on-off operation oil- or gas-fired burner or a correspondingly operated electrical one Heating device or be designed as a discontinuously operated heat pump can, this known scheme is unsuitable, since there are always two for on-off operation Switching points, namely a switch-on and a switch-off point, must be given, However, this known type of control only provides a reference variable in the form of the predetermined one Has the setpoint of the total mass flow available.

Furthermore, this known scheme is not capable of being strong to meet different heat requirements in individual rooms, such as in a certain room via the radiator or radiators assigned to it a special one maintain high temperature in the sense of a comfort mode, while others Rooms are to be kept at a comparatively very low temperature. Although they have automatic throttling devices of the radiators assigned to the individual rooms each has its own setpoint adjuster for the respective room temperature, but experience has shown that a control of this known type does not drive a heating operation optimally in which a very high temperature in one room or in a multitude of rooms and in one other room or a multitude of such other rooms are substantially different lower temperatures should be maintained, as this is known Regulation is a Adjustability of the setpoint, but not a factory switch and certainly not a switch to be carried out by the user is intended for different operating states. That leads to that in such a In the case of design for normal heat demand, for example Operation that always limits the maximum in any room to be heated achievable or

maintainable room temperature, although to a certain extent Framework created by the adjustment range of the individual setpoint generators for the room temperature is specified, the room temperature is kept different in the individual rooms can, however, in such a case it is not possible to use a room or to keep several rooms at a very high temperature (comfort mode for this room or these rooms), such as in the living area for rooms with sick people or convalescent users or in the industrial sector for special growing rooms with breeding function can be the case. If, however, this known regulation for such Comfort mode is designed due to the relatively high flow temperature the heat transfer medium relatively high losses of the entire heating system through heat dissipation and radiation. A design for a savings company too characteristic operating behavior is not useful with this known control, as this limits the room temperature that can be achieved in the individual rooms even further will. One in the interest of the greatest possible universality of the customization options to system-specific and / or building-specific as well as climatic zone and / or location-dependent and especially user-specific parameters desirable switching from an operating mode that accepts higher heat losses, but in one Room or several or all rooms maintaining a much higher level Temperature, for example as night reduction or frost protection mode operation to be designated, which in times of low heat demand in the relevant Rooms are guaranteed to have minimal heat loss, with or without one or more interposed ones Operating stage (s) is not possible with this known control.

Another disadvantage is that regardless of the designed operating state this known type of regulation despite its only continuously possible mode of operation necessarily results in a relatively large number of control interventions, to regulate the total mass flow as a reference variable for constancy. This is especially true for fast, for example, caused by external influences or by the user Changes to the reference variable itself and / or the control deviation from this. Ever However, the greater the number of control interventions, the more experience has shown that the entire control device including especially the actuators of the same in the form of depending on the design of the system with boiler or heat pump or heat exchanger station burners or compressors or electrical heating elements required as heat generators respectively.

Evaporator valves or overflow valves or shut-off or control valves for the supply of the primary energy carrier medium exposed to wear and tear and thereby the service life of these individual components adversely affected, at least however the interval between necessary inspections or maintenance is not insignificant disadvantageously shortened. In addition, there is also continuous intervention in the event of control intervention Feeding of the heat output into the heating system working with the heating flow The increasing number of such control interventions increases the burden on the environment with pollutant emissions expected.

So much for cooling systems that have a large number of rooms on different levels Have to maintain cooling temperatures, as is the case, for example, with cooling systems for warehouses or wholesale markets or the like may be the case that the compressor (s) of the refrigeration machine circuit as part of the cold generator of the same not in the usual Way to be operated via high pressure and / or low pressure pressostats while the individual cooling rooms, for example a room for keeping freshness Fruit and vegetables, also a room for salads and cold cuts and also one Room for meat or fish and finally possibly a room as well for frozen food, kept at the required temperature, for lower room temperatures usually equipped with one or more evaporator fan (s) Cooling equipment is maintained via its own evaporation pressure regulator constant predetermined room temperature are controlled, the above apply to a heating system of the generic type presented aspects in even more serious Dimensions for cooling. The main reason for this is that refrigerators, if they are designed as compression refrigeration machines driven by electrical energy are, a COP of 2 to 3 and, if they are gas and / or diesel powered operated compression or absorption refrigeration machines are a Performance number or

have a heat ratio of 0.4 to 0.6, while corresponding heat generators have a coefficient of performance or a heat ratio that is in principle around 1 is bigger. But that means that basically a heat pump is always a better one As a refrigerating machine, heat efficiency has a refrigeration efficiency in which the Output in the form of cooling capacity always related to the use of energy is smaller. Accordingly, the generation of cooling capacity is fundamentally very high much more expensive than that of thermal power.

From an energetic point of view, one should therefore strive for cooling operation The highest possible flow temperature of the heat transfer medium with the highest possible total mass throughput the same to achieve or maintain the desired low room temperature. Management of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in a cooling system Using the outside temperature is just as less than optimal as managing the flow temperature the heat transfer medium of a heating system via the outside temperature, as above explained.

If the outside temperature is too low a flow temperature prescribes in the cooling system, the automatically acting throttle devices would have to throttle too much, so that the operating energy consumption of the cold generator is too high results, quite apart from the fact that below certain temperatures of the heat transfer medium working in cooling mode for room cooling Air humidification leads to additional energy consumption and corresponding not inconsiderable costs, in principle also because the coefficient of performance or the heat ratio of the cold generator at low heat transfer medium temperatures (coolant temperatures) and high outside temperatures drops in the same way as the coefficient of performance or the heat ratio of a heat pump a heating system with low outside temperatures and high flow temperatures. It So there would be an equal degree of deterioration in the coefficient of performance or the heat ratio, which is at best still tolerable for a heat pump, for a refrigeration machine lead to intolerable conditions. Even for one with gas or oil or electric Energy-operated boilers would be less efficient from an energy and cost perspective more tolerable than for a chiller.

It can be seen that precisely because of this principle Difference between the cooling process and the heating of rooms are all above for heating as disadvantageous conditions for cooling still in every respect have a more unfavorable effect.

One way of avoiding these known disadvantages described the weather-compensated outside temperature control is available in so-called room temperature correction connections seen. With these, a room thermostat is provided in a reference room measures the actual room temperature, which is subject to all prevailing influences and ensures that when the target room temperature is in this reference room is reached or exceeded, the flow temperature is reached by switching off the boiler is withdrawn, while on the other hand a switch-on signal for the boiler from this room thermostat remains as long as there is a difference between The actual room temperature and the target room temperature of this reference room are measured.

Apart from the need for additional cabling between reference room thermostat and boiler control (flow temperature control) inconvenience related to labor and or required assembly time and / or accumulation of dirt and in particular from all of the above Such a room temperature correction activation is not inconsiderable costs from another point of view also unsatisfactory for reasons inherent in the own system. On the one hand, namely the amount of the respective change in the flow temperature is already dependent of the deviation of the actual reference room temperature from the target reference room temperature To choose nothing other than just empirically is therefore fundamentally subject to the possibility not inconsiderable error already in the choice of the dependency of the flow temperature from the mentioned reference room temperature deviation, and on the other hand one stands before the practically insoluble difficulty of choosing the reference room itself. Namely, what for reasons of ensuring sufficient heat energy supplies to all other rooms would be recommended, as a reference room a generally proportionate If a cool room or a room with a comparatively high heat loss is selected, then on the one hand, the flow temperature for the individual needs of the other - in particular For reasons of the external influences described warmer - rooms chosen too high and the external influences that occur there practically cannot be eliminated in those rooms to lower the flow temperature. On the other hand, it is used as a reference room relatively warm room or a room with relatively little heat loss selected, it cannot be ruled out that, in particular, due to external influences of the type described, but possibly also due to outside temperature or weather conditions Influences, such as a cold snap, the other rooms are undersupplied will. Such a state is of course highly undesirable and otherwise enables also not the individual consideration of the mentioned outside temperature or weather-independent external influences. In both cases it is necessary The result is a system-related unavoidable waste of thermal energy.

These problems are therefore at best for heating in principle relatively evenly warm rooms or an extremely small number of different room temperature correction switching of a known type suitable for warm rooms even more serious when it comes to the heating behavior for a large number of rooms, such as the multiple rooms with different temperature requirements having apartments of an apartment building, in the aforementioned sense too optimize. The additional problem here is which of the apartments should receive a reference space or if each should receive a reference space for themselves should, which of the individual reference rooms with regard to its room-target-actual temperature deviation Should have priority. Apart from the fact that such a correction activation is a would require the most complex and costly priority logic, it could use the practically hardly meet the expectations to be set in them, because this is a prerequisite that there would have been an agreement in advance on the permissible extent of the reference room target / actual temperature deviation was hit. If this is not the case, then, for the same reasons, as explained above for the case of a single apartment with several rooms, A preliminary decision will be made as to whether the least or the the reference room set to the largest target / actual temperature deviation, the management function for changing the flow temperature. Under these circumstances however, it is more likely to be recommended for the majority of types and numbers of applications be able to do without such a room temperature correction connection at all.

In the face of these manifold difficulties, one already has on tried different ways to achieve a real regulation of the heat energy supply in Realize depending on needs. For this one has tried out individual for the operating behavior of the heating process determining variables, such as the return temperature in addition to that which has always been used as a control variable Flow temperature and / or the difference between flow and return temperature possibly with further consideration in their size and influence systematics arbitrarily assumed influencing variables, such as one or the other of the above Outside temperature or weather-independent external influencing variables, regularities to abstract from which it is to be expected that they will be as accurate as possible the conditions that arise with the natural behavior of the heating system as close as possible.

For this purpose, one with a Boiler with burner working in on-off mode and downstream of the boiler Mixer-operated heating system tries to make one by simplifying assumptions to set up a mathematical algorithm for treatment in a microcomputer is so suitable that the mixer setting can be controlled by means of it, with this algorithm manages with only temperature values that are easy to operate are to be measured. This algorithm aims to create a way of being dependent the difference between the flow and return temperatures has an influence on the mixer setting and thus to be able to take the heat output fed into the heating system, the product of a constant, the difference between the flow temperature and the actual room temperature as well as the difference between the target room temperature and the actual room temperature. Apart from the fact that such an algorithm is valid at most in a very high degree can have a limited range is the deviation of the room temperature from the the room temperature setpoint set on the thermostatic valve of the room heater another variable so that it is not possible to regulate the mixer position and thus the flow temperature using the difference between the flow and return temperatures to undertake. Therefore, this well-known proposal is one after the difference to introduce a normalized temperature difference between the flow temperature and the actual room temperature, which is then only the product of the constants mentioned and the difference in Set room temperature and the actual room temperature, i.e. the deviation of the measured Room temperature from the setpoint temperature. From this follows - naturally always only with the acceptance of the underlying lying simplistic Assumptions and in the resulting narrow area of validity - one a proportionality straight line representing the flow temperature and the return temperature Linking these two temperatures. With this, this well-known proposal wants the Flow temperature and thus the amount of heat energy supplied or the heat output steer.

Apart from the fact that the constants that determine this relationship are free are to be chosen without there being any logical reference points, whereby the This control algorithm determining curve steepness without any claim to only approximate correspondence with the actual operation of a heating system occurring conditions must be chosen arbitrarily, one can be above this Neither start up the algorithm-controlled heating system nor in an operating state, in which the supplied thermal energy is approximately the consumption required by the system work in a sufficiently stable manner. From a principle point of view, it must such an operating mode leads to positive feedback and thus control oscillations, which, according to this known proposal, is allegedly suitable by not described Measures in the program of the microcomputer are to be prevented. Even if Should this be possible, this could at best be again very narrowly limited Control ranges apply and this would entail the entire control behavior even further depending on the heating system, climate zone, location, building physics and user habits different e-functions following real behavior of such a heating system deviates.

Another well-known practice called regulation tried to counter these disadvantages in that in a heating system that has a Boiler or a heat pump is supplied with thermal energy, the flow temperature is changed so that the difference between the flow and return temperatures a predetermined target value is maintained, this target value in turn as a function the return temperature is specified and with increasing Return temperature can remain constant or preferably increase linearly. The change in the The difference between the flow and return temperatures that sets the operation takes place via a change in the flow temperature, while the return temperature the Takes over the function of the reference variable. For the corresponding adjustment of the flow temperature is in an embodiment of this known heating system with one in on-off mode working boiler and this downstream three-way mixer the mixer position changed and in another embodiment of this known heating system also with discontinuously working boiler without downstream multi-way mixer the supply of operating energy to the boiler burner is interrupted or resumed. To avoid the starting difficulties of the first described known heating system is below a predetermined return temperature, so in a specified start-up range, with a constant setpoint for the flow temperature drove. For this it is necessary to have one of the difference in the flow line to switch on the flow and return temperature dependent flow control valve and downstream of this flow and return line with a back mixing line to connect, in which a constant flow throttle is arranged. on the other hand it is also possible to have the return temperature below a specified value the difference between the flow and return temperatures should not be reduced linearly, what - as described above - is done by keeping the flow temperature constant, it is given by the difference between the flow and return temperatures To keep the setpoint constant. In all cases, it then takes place for above the The limit value of the return temperature marking the end of the heating process lying values of the same an increasing tracking of the by the difference of Flow and return temperature given setpoint.

Obviously, this known solution bypasses the inability of the previously described known proposal to be able to start the heating system, namely by the fact that here consciously on a regulation or control-technical Influencing the system is dispensed with for the duration of the start-up process, rather an arbitrarily chosen behavior is given for this. For the state started operation of the heating system, however, this known solution in essentially the same disadvantageous properties as the one previously described known suggestion. Here, too, there is a linear dependence of the setpoint value arbitrarily enforced by the feedback variable, namely the return temperature here and their function-determining constants, namely base amount and slope, likewise arbitrarily and without any recognizable logical reference to natural operational values or properties of the heating system are specified. The necessary consequence of this is Here, too, an undesirable feedback behavior with nervousness that can hardly be controlled Vibration reactions, for the sake of designing this known Solution over the entire operating range of the return temperature. The well-known of these Conception underlying assumption that with increasing return temperature also the difference between the flow and return temperatures would always have to increase and the other way round, or else it could remain constant, is at most for stationary Consideration is valid in the actual operating behavior of a heating system, that is always dynamic, however, it is the rule that this assumed relationship not true, so definitely comparatively lower at higher return temperatures Temperature differences between flow and return can occur and vice versa at relatively low return temperatures even very high differences between Flow and return temperatures can be recorded. And this is exactly what leads to those unwanted positive feedback in the operating behavior. And it can still be seen this known solution cannot be used universally. For example for heat pumps or for boilers working in on-off mode with none or only a small amount Submission of heat transfer medium and correspondingly low heat storage capacity is this known solution useless. The imple mentation of this known solution influencing the supply of operating energy to the discontinuously working Burner, which should get by without a multi-way mixer, is basically on a certain level Required minimum heat storage capacity and can also if it is available only work extremely unsatisfactorily. Namely, for example, due to an increased Heat demand the large number of radiators for flow through a larger amount of If the heat transfer medium is open, this results in a rising return temperature and thus a decreasing measured value of the temperature difference between the flow and rewind. According to the conception of this known solution, this means a requirement of more heat energy from the boiler. However, this must work on its memory and can only emit the required thermal energy (heat output) if its Memory is sufficiently charged. However, it is not uncommon for the The parameters of the heating system have changed during this charging time in such a way that that now the previous requirement is no longer needed or the memory is now its charged thermal energy can no longer be released. This also leads to an unfavorable one Usually behave towards not inconsiderable energy losses with corresponding inefficiency the operation of such a known heating system.

Furthermore, it is known for a heating system with determination of the Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium working Art with a boiler as a heat generator with one that works in on-off mode Burner with its supply of operating energy controlled by a microcomputer which also has the flow line and the return line via one with one built-in overflow valve as a limiter for the mass flow flowing in the flow provided overflow line in connection, has been proposed via a relatively complicated calculation algorithm, which accordingly is also a somewhat Complex implementation in the microcomputer required, from the difference between the preliminary and return temperature of the heat transfer medium, which otherwise are optional still can be multiplied by a gain factor to get a day and a To be able to realize night control, by adding one of those caused by the boiler conditional minimum flow temperature representing a setpoint value for to form the flow temperature and this with the measured actual value of the same to compare and if a discrepancy between the two is found, the actual value is readjusting and switching off the burner, it being assumed that the The gain factor determining the night control of the burner compared to its day control, with which the difference between flow and return temperature is multiplied, a is the building-specific manipulated variable. Although this is also the case with this known solution a linear dependence of the flow temperature on the return temperature as well like the difference between the flow and return temperature and the return temperature with all already described in connection with the other known solutions results in adverse consequences, the effect of this known solution is different than the last one described. In this case, it forces between the pre-run and Return line switched on overflow valve a practically constant mass flow in the radiator circuit, by always when at least one of the thermostatic Radiator valves due to a change in the heat demand in the respectively assigned Room throttles, one of the forced reduction in the mass flow of the heat transfer medium corresponding share compulsorily via the overflow valve averages bar in the to Return flow belonging to the boiler inlet is fed back.

But this means here that in such cases there is too much heat available the return temperature would not drop to the radiators as it did before described known solution, but here because of the feed of the lead portion rises above the overflow valve. The consequence of this is that the flow temperature is here withdrawn for rising return temperatures and not for falling return temperatures must become. Although this known solution tries to result from the fact that the Mass flow in the radiator circuit is practically impossible to control with the before known solutions described result in disadvantageous consequences to get away that this mass flow is inevitably kept constant, but this has to be paid for known solution to this through a dangerous recursion of their underlying calculation algorithm.

This namely provides that from the measured values of the flow temperature and return temperature, a setpoint for the flow temperature is formed and then with this setpoint, the actual value of the flow temperature that is actually set is compared. There is a discrepancy. so is the actual value of the flow temperature to adjust to their setpoint by switching the burner on and off.

But this is generated from the underlying algorithm necessarily a new setpoint for the flow temperature. In other words this means that every rule change automatically creates a new setpoint for the flow temperature entails. But this necessarily leads to instabilities of the whole Regulation.

The further proposal cannot address this inherent disadvantage This known solution remedy the difference between the flow and Return temperature in the circulation time of the heat transfer medium corresponding periodic Time intervals and not immediately. This known solution thus achieves in spite of the additional work required by the overflow valve and its installation neither the goal set for her nor a useful advantage over the others known solutions.

All of these known with determination of the difference between lead and The return temperature of the heat transfer medium working solutions is still common, that in principle they are not real regulations, because they are used for education of their respective setpoints always the feedback variable by corresponding to the respective the calculation algorithm used this feedback variable for the formation of the setpoint becomes decisive. But that means nothing else than that the target value is always dependent on the size of the feedback and thus its generation is a function the actual state of the heating system, in other words the setpoint is always adjusted in the sense that it lags behind the respective actual value.

A regulation, however, is determined by the fact that it is defined What The actual value and what the setpoint is, hence the setpoint can always be distinguished from the actual value and has to be independent, because only in this way can there be a deviation from the actual value can regulate the setpoint to eliminate the same.

In this sense, however, these known solutions do not constitute regulations but controls, whereby they are not of any kind as feedback variables use independent information from the heating system, but values that actually not to carry any real information about the heat demand of the building to be heated are suitable, but to which pseudo-empirical relationships are grafted, which for their part also - as already explained above - at best approximations to the actual functional behavior of each other according to the respective assumed algorithmic linkage with all corresponding approximate assumptions Mistakes are. These known solutions, which therefore only represent controls, prove thus in some respects the well-known outside temperature or weather-dependent Controllers even inferior. As is well known, the latter are not exactly working particularly economical, but they are not subject to - like the known ones described Solutions without guidance on the outside temperature - the dreaded and practical unavoidable positive feedback behavior that has the required stability of a Rule excludes. If, for example, due to additional heat supply by one or more of the described outside temperature or weather-independent External influences in the known solutions without outside temperature control, the actual value the reference variable, such as the flow temperature or the difference between The flow and return temperature increases, the setpoint for the size in question increased, which is due to the underlying functional linkage of setpoint and feedback variable in turn lead to such a change in the feedback variable which in turn leads to a further change in the setpoint in the same direction caused. But this would be a positive feedback behavior towards infinity, a breakout the regulation result would have. In the opposite case, for example an additional heat requirement, for example through suddenly opened windows or else a severe cold snap or the like, the feedback size would be a reduction the heat supply and due to their functional link with the setpoint lower this in order to reduce itself as a result and thereby a Adjustment of the setpoint depending on your own change and in the same Sense like to force the same. The consequence of this would be that with these known Solutions without outside temperature control the entire heating system inevitably in one Operating state with the heat generator switched off continuously and no possibility has more, resuming itself or increasing the supply of heat to itself to cause.

And finally, what all these known solutions have in common is that they do not apply to all types of heating systems, as simultaneously for such with continuously fired heat generator or discontinuously fired or operated heat generator with or without storage tank and / or with or without a downstream Multi-way mixers, and certainly not suitable for cooling systems.

For the sake of completeness, it should also be mentioned that these are known Solutions each specify one possibility, from a day-to-day operation to one To switch to night mode, however, none of them are suitable for it, strong to meet different heat requirements in individual rooms, such as in a certain room via the radiator or radiators assigned to it a special one maintain high temperature in the sense of a comfort mode, while others Rooms are to be kept at a comparatively very low temperature. Although they have automatic throttling devices of the radiators assigned to the individual rooms each has its own setpoint adjuster for the respective room temperature, but experience has shown that Heating systems according to these known solutions do not optimally run a heating system travel, in which one in a room or a multitude of rooms very high temperature and in another room or a multitude of such others Rooms that maintain significantly different lower temperatures should be, as with these known controls, even if they are used as regulations are designated, the entire system can only be designed for one operating state can. In such a case, it is designed for a normal heat requirement, for example corresponding operation, which always has a limit to be heated in any Maximum achievable or

maintainable room temperature can result in a a certain framework created by the adjustment range of the individual setpoint adjuster for the room temperature is specified, the room temperature is kept different in the individual rooms However, in such cases it is not possible to use one or more rooms to be kept at a very high temperature (comfort mode for this room or

these rooms), such as in the living area for rooms with sick or convalescent users or in the industrial sector for special Breeding rooms with a breeding function may be the case.

A design for such comfort operation is known in these In principle, solutions are not possible. But through this there is also every possibility for one in the interest of the greatest possible universality of the customization options on plant and / or construction-specific fish as well as climate zone and / or location-dependent and, in particular, user-specific parameters, which are desirable in and of themselves of an operating mode that accepts higher heat losses, but is in one room or several or all rooms the maintenance of an essential allows higher temperature, for example as a night reduction or Frost protection operation to be designated, the in times of low heat demand Guaranteed minimal heat loss in the rooms concerned, with or without one or several intermediate operating stage (s) in these known solutions locked out.

The invention is therefore based on the object with simple and inexpensive means while avoiding the disadvantages of those known for heating Solutions one as needed for both heating and cooling independently of the type of heat or cold generator with continuous or discontinuous Operation and regardless of whether the heating or cooling output corresponds to the heating or coolant flow located heat transfer medium continuously or discontinuously is supplied, equally usable way to create the room temperatures a large number of rooms to be heated or cooled individually to maintain a desired value, optimally in the sense that advantages not only with regard to the universality of the applicability for one-pipe or two-pipe heating or cooling with or without continuously or discontinuously working Multi-way mixers, but also of an economic nature with a view to simplification in particular of production, warehousing, distribution, low cost price, simplification the assembly, expansion of the technical field of application and retrofitting and finally also of a technical nature can be achieved by creating a Heating or cooling system according to the invention, planning and use of the control device should be possible in such a way that for the first time already at this stage on an approximately intended one Expansion or future conversions planned for any reason, such as For example, retrofitting a heat pump or refrigeration machine to an originally intended heat or

Other chillers. Kind, consideration can be taken, or else the retrofitting of an air conditioning system in addition to an existing heating system or vice versa a heating system in addition to an existing cooling system or but also the use of a heating system available for winter operation as in Summer operation working cooling system is made possible, with considerable in all cases work-related and dirty work related retrofitting work Laying cables etc. should be largely avoidable. At the same time be given the opportunity at any time as desired by an operating mode that the Maintenance a very high one with heating or one with cooling very low temperature in one room or several or all of the heating or Cooling system connected rooms guaranteed, with or without interconnection one operating state or several operating states with less in the case of heating or higher achievable room temperature with cooling, but also lower heat losses switch to an operating mode by heat or cold dissipation and / or radiation to be able to, in which due to heating very lower or very high in cooling required room temperatures, the heat losses can be kept to a minimum.

In summary, the higher-level task can also be formulated as sq, that a real regulation should be created with minimal effort, which is not is dependent on external variables, but nevertheless all external influences come from within already taken into account and one of all internal system variables of the heating or cooling circuit of the heat transfer medium independent variable as a reference variable used for regulation.

The invention makes this surprisingly easier and more economical Way achieved in that according to the on a method for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered by radiators or cooling devices, in which on these provided automatically acting throttle devices in the respective radiator or the respective cooling device entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature and a target room temperature is regulated, directed first superordinate inventive idea each by for example building physical conditions, climatic zone, weather conditions and / or usage-related Deviation of the fluctuation of the difference between the heat loads caused by the Heating or coolant feed fed in and that of the heat or cold generator Heating or cooling power fed back via the return or the the individual radiators or cooling devices flowing through the individual mass flows of the The return line that combines the heat transfer medium with the returned heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power) from a target value band for the permissible size of the fluctuation range this difference between these two heating or cooling capacities (consumer output), this by means of a larger and a smaller nominal value of this fluctuation range of these The difference between these two heating or cooling capacities (consumer output) is specified is fed into the heating or coolant flow by correcting the Heating or cooling capacity is eliminated.

The on a device for regulating the temperature in to be tempered Clearance by using flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium radiators connected to a heat generator or connected to a cold generator Cooling devices with automatically acting throttle devices provided on them, by means of which the in the respective radiator or the respective cooling device incoming mass flow of the heat transfer medium depending on the actual room temperature is controllable from a target room temperature, characterizes directed inventive concept in its variant with a device for measuring the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and a control device, through which in dependence from the measurement of the total mass flow the supply and removal of thermal energy to the or can be influenced by the heat transfer medium in that a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or Coolant supply (supply temperature) and a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in which the individual radiators or cooling devices Individual mass flows flowing through the same summarizing return line (return temperature) is provided and that the control device is preferably via measured value lines with these temperature measuring devices connected device for determining the Difference of simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature, one over Impulse lines with this and / or the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature as Tent program control device connected to the measuring device for the total mass flow to initiate continuous safety or at predetermined time intervals at the same time taking place acquisition of the measured values of flow and return temperature and total mass flow and / or continuous or simultaneous delivery of the determined value of the difference between flow and return temperature and the measured value of the total mass flow, one on the one hand with this time programming device and the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from the flow and return temperature in each case via impulse lines and, on the other hand, preferably Via a measured value line with the device for measuring the total mass flow connected multiplication direction for continuous or at predetermined time intervals occurring formation of the products from continuously or at predetermined time intervals obtained measured values of the total mass flow and the difference determined at the same time Measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the instantaneous values the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in the heating or cooling medium feed and that of the heating or cooling generator Heating or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual radiators or cooling devices flowing through the individual mass flows of the The return line that combines the heat transfer medium with the returned heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power), one via an impulse line to the multiplier connected storage device for storing at least one, 'preferably two or more of the instantaneous values of the consumed heat or Cooling capacity in the form of the difference between that in the heating or cooling medium flow fed in and fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return Heating or cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices through-flowing single mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line fed back heating or cooling power (consumer power) and one each via pulse lines on the one hand with this storage device and on the other hand performance comparison device connected to the multiplier, which has a sequential control device connected to it via an impulse line performing a sequence of comparisons of the last determined instantaneous value the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in the heating or coolant feed and that of the heat or cold generator Heating or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual radiators or cooling devices flowing through the individual mass flows of the The return line that combines the heat transfer medium with the returned heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power) with each of those stored in the storage device earlier determined instantaneous values of the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of Difference between that fed into the heating or coolant flow and the heating or cooling power fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return or that flowing through the individual radiators or cooling devices Return line summarizing the individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium Heating or cooling output (consumer output) to determine at least one, preferably a sequence of fluctuations in this consumed heating or cooling power in the form of the difference between the flow fed into the heating or cooling medium and the heat or cold that is fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return. Cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices through-flowing single mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line fed back heating or cooling power (consumer power) can be actuated, and adjustable setpoint generator for one upper and one lower limit of one Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the difference between the heating or coolant feed and fed to the heat or cold generator via heating or cooling power fed back into the return or through the individual Individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through radiators or cooling devices summarizing return line fed back heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power) forming upper and lower setpoints and one via an impulse line fluctuation comparator connected to this performance comparator to determine the deviation of the

of the values (s) of the Fluctuation in the heating or cooling capacity consumed in the form of the difference between that fed into the heating or coolant flow and that of the heating or cooling medium The heat or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual mass flows flowing through the individual radiators or cooling devices of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line fed back heat or Cooling capacity (consumer capacity) above the upper and / or below the lower limit the setpoint band of their fluctuation range and one via a control line with a device for influencing the flow in the heating or cooling medium Has fed in heating or cooling power connected actuating command generator.

The on a device for regulating the temperature in to be tempered Clearance through flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a Radiators connected to heat generators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a Target room temperature can be regulated, directed inventive concept is characterized in its variant with a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or coolant flow (flow temperature) and one Device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the individual Radiators or cooling devices flowing through the same summarizing individual mass flows Return line (return temperature) and a device for determining the difference simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures as well as a control device, by which depending from this the measured values of Flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium determined temperature difference the supply and removal of thermal energy to or from the heat transfer medium can be influenced Is, however, in that a device for measuring the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium is provided and that the control device via pulse lines with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from flow and return temperature and / or the measuring devices for these temperatures as well time programming device connected to the measuring device for the total mass flow to initiate continuous or at predetermined time intervals taking place at the same time Obtaining the measured values of flow and return temperature and total mass flow and / or continuous or simultaneous delivery of the determined value of the difference between flow and return temperature and the measured value of the total mass flow, one on the one hand with this time programming device and the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from the flow and return temperature in each case via impulse lines and, on the other hand, preferably Via a measured value line with the device for measuring the total mass flow connected multiplier for continuous or at predetermined time intervals occurring formation of the products from continuously or at predetermined time intervals obtained measured values of the total mass flow and the difference determined at the same time Measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the instantaneous values the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in the heating or coolant feed and that of the heat or cold generator Heating or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual radiators or cooling devices flowing through the individual mass flows of the The return line that combines the heat transfer medium with the returned heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power), one via an impulse line to the multiplier connected storage device for storing at least one, preferably two or more of the instantaneous values determined by the consumed Warmth- or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between that in the heating or cooling medium feed and that fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return Heating or cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices Return line summarizing the individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through fed back heating or cooling power (consumer power) and one each via impulse lines on the one hand with this storage device and on the other hand with the multiplier connected performance comparison device, which via a sequential control device connected to it via an impulse line performing a sequence of comparisons of the last determined instantaneous value the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in the heating or cooling medium feed and that of the heating or cooling generator Heating or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual radiators or cooling devices flowing through the individual mass flows of the The return line that combines the heat transfer medium with the returned heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power) with each of those stored in the storage device earlier determined instantaneous values of the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of Difference between that fed into the heating or cooling medium supply and the heating or cooling power fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return or that flowing through the individual radiators or cooling devices Return line summarizing the individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium Heating or cooling output (consumer output) to determine at least one, preferably a sequence of fluctuations in this consumed heating or cooling power in the form of the difference between the flow fed into the heating or cooling medium and the heat or cold that is fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return. Cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices through-flowing single mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line fed back Heating or cooling output (consumer output) can be actuated and is adjustable Setpoint generator for one upper and one lower limit of the setpoint band the fluctuation range of the difference in the flow in the heating or cooling medium fed in and fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return Heating or cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices through-flowing single mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line fed back heating or cooling power (consumer power) forming the upper and lower setpoint and one via a pulse line to this power comparator connected fluctuation comparison device to determine the deviation of the of the values (s) of the fluctuation of the Consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between that in the Heating or coolant feed fed in and that of the heat or cold generator Heating or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual radiators or cooling devices flowing through the individual mass flows of the The return line that combines the heat transfer medium with the returned heating or cooling capacity (Consumer power) above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range as well as one via a control line with a device to influence the heat and coolant flow fed into the heating or coolant flow or cooling capacity connected actuating command generator.

Obviously, the invention creates a possibility for the first time to be able to lead a heating process in such a way that a real control with one of A setpoint independent of a feedback variable is present, whereby according to the conception of the Invention of the function of the setpoint not about a constant or even tracked in some form according to some kind of dependency Value of one of the physical quantities that determine the heating process, but rather is specified in the form of a target value band, specifically this in form one by an upper limit and a lower limit of the fluctuation range the consumer power of a certain setpoint range. In addition, the concept offers the invention for the first time the possibility of using the same process steps and same means such a real regulation in practically full universality notwithstanding the type of construction of the heating system, in particular with regard to the type of Generation or

Implementation of the required heat output, whereby it is basically irrelevant whether, for example, the heat generator is used as a continuous one or boiler designed for on-off operation with or without downstream Multi-way mixing device or designed as a correspondingly designed heat pump is. It should be emphasized that the invention is not just a first time equally suitable for cooling systems, but actually opposite to them Heating systems brings even greater advantages.

Even the elimination of the disadvantages described above is known Solutions for the operation of heating systems by the invention represents an essential The advancement of technology in the field of heating, but all apply for a heating system of the generic type presented aspects in even more serious Dimensions for cooling. The main reason for this is that, as before was shown, the rational use of energy through an optimal and energy-saving Regulation in cooling systems yields even more cost savings than in heating systems, because generating cooling capacity is fundamentally much more expensive than that of heat output.

Another advantage of the invention is that for the Control method, a computing algorithm of whatever type is not required is, rather the invention manages with the very simple instruction that always when the reference variable in the form of the fluctuation range of the consumer power which exceeds a limit of the target value range according to the invention, a certain one Influence on the manipulated variable in the form of a change in the feed from Heat or cold energy is taken to the heating or coolant supply while when this reference variable deviates beyond the other limit of its setpoint band the same manipulated variable is influenced in the other direction. While so all known solutions work statically deterministically, that is, in this one Sense with a formally descriptive algorithm and - as already stated - inadequate linear relationships that have no dynamic validity and accordingly have to struggle with overcoming systemic difficulties the invention of an entirely different approach that is much more dynamic than a stochastic one is to be denoted from and overcomes precisely because of its inherent dynamic Principle that is valid for all time and never to any instability may be prone to all of the aforementioned difficulties and, depending on the task at hand, will Advantage, without measurements of system- or building-specific and / or user-related physical quantities and necessarily more or less even without assistance tortured computational algorithms any kind of external and / or internal influences to automatically take into account the actual heat demand and thereby a to be able to guarantee optimal economic operation.

In addition, the invention is for the first time in opposition to solutions the prior art is based on the knowledge that as a measure or reference variable for the respective heating or

Coolant supply not any heating or cooling capacity to be supplied physical quantities, such as B. flow and / or return temperatures or their difference etc., must be used to direct or indirect control of this to use the regulation, but that it is entirely possible to use the measured Consumer performance itself indirectly and / or directly as a reference variable for the heating or cooling capacity to be supplied to the heating or cooling medium, therefore to regulate to use.

The inventive concept is presented in such a way that this of based on the knowledge that the heating or coolant flow to be fed Heating or cooling capacity must be at least so large that it is the difference between that fed into the heating or coolant flow and that of the heating or cooling system The heat or cooling power fed back via the return or the through the individual mass flows flowing through the individual radiators or cooling devices return line summarizing the heat transfer medium, returned heat or Cooling capacity, which is always referred to here as consumer capacity, corresponds and this just covers. The decisive and much more important thought step is but the reversal of this step and the question of what happens if it doesn't so is, that is, the consumer power is greater / less than the power supplied is.

This thought step leads to a further fundamental insight with very significant advantages, namely that you are independent of all possible Valuing consumer services as the optimal benchmark for them Can use fluctuations in this consumer power and thus becomes independent of this itself. This is namely not adjusted to disappearance, but within a specified target value band for the fluctuation of this consumer power kept according to the physical behavior of the heating or cooling system, with only exceeding the upper limit and / or falling below the lower limit this target value band was not accepted, but rather as irregularities in operation the heating or cooling system can be regulated, while according to the concept of the invention, all other fluctuations are accepted as regular.

It is not without reason that the technical prejudice prevails in the professional world, that basically a regulation with the consumer power as a reference variable directly is not possible, because namely the manipulated variable, which depends on the design of the heating or

Cooling system influencing its heating or coolant supply supplied heating or cooling power via a burner, a flow-controlled heat exchanger, for example a district heating transfer station or via a multi-way mixing device or the like, likewise a heating or cooling capacity variable is, is in the same "physical language system" and therefore every change the, for example, burner output or position of the ratio of the heat or cold generator fed mass flow determining the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device also changes the feedback size immediately means in the form of a heating or cooling capacity. A scheme is made under these Circumstances of themselves in the same ephysical language system ", namely in heat or cooling capacity values expressing information regarding reference variable or Feedback variable on the one hand and manipulated variable on the other hand not considered possible. Here the invention takes an essential step forward, namely by very probably making use of the advantages of one and the same physical language system wants, but in order to eliminate the described disadvantage that precludes its use, consciously and purposefully a source of information in the form of not a heat or cooling capacity itself, but rather in the form of a fluctuation of the same, which in turn continues to be a performance variable in the usual way in cooperation with the Directly remaining manipulated variable in the form of, for example, the burner output or the position of the actuator of the multi-way mixing device as a feedback variable corresponding informative value for the consumption behavior of the heating or cooling system is usable. Surprisingly, it has been found that by the invention Choice of fluctuation in consumer power is a selection option for which are necessary due, for example, to external influencing variables or the like Regulatory measures in the sense that if there is one in comparison to an arbitrarily set size, too little fluctuation in consumer power the manipulated variable must be changed in the sense that more heating or cooling output is fed into the heating or coolant flow, and when a Too great a fluctuation in consumer power, just this supply of heating or cooling power throttled or even has to be ended entirely. It is crucial that that the method according to the invention is purposefully independent of that of the reference variable for the underlying physical variable, namely the consumer power itself, in that, according to the invention, this is not immediate, but the measure whose fluctuation is used as a reference variable for the control.

This results in the extremely serious compared to the prior art Another advantage that not an appropriately chosen level or level of the than The reference variable used for the regulation, which depicts the consumer power, because must be selected for this at least co-determining physical variable, but one with an arbitrary arbitrary, and possibly extremely bad selected power can start and the scheme based on the invention Experience has shown that the concept takes an unexpectedly short period of time Operating time the most appropriate measure or level of the reference variable as a reference variable selects or is automatically guided there. The invention thus deliberately bypasses the problem of expedient choice of the measure or reference level of the reference variable by namely the reference variable itself by the type of selection of one suitable as a reference variable physical quantity is decoupled from the measure and thus also the reference level as such.

Thus, the invention combines the advantage of variability the physical variable in the form of the heating or cooling capacity as a reference variable resulting independence of this leadership resp.

Feedback size from the underlying physical size of the Heating or cooling capacity with d & r as nonsensical because it is practically impracticable considered use of the same physical "language system for the entire control loop and thereby surprisingly not only preserves the usability of one with the same physical Quantities, namely performance quantities, opposed to the operating information system for regulation the opinion of the professional world also the important Advantage of a real plausibility insofar as the respective feedback information in Form of a power value with a manipulated variable also given by a power value of the control system, additional information is also "packed" or assigned is, namely the change which is otherwise also a performance variable the fluctuation of the fundamental physical quantity in the form of heating or cooling output in their representation as the difference between fed into the heating or coolant flow and returned via the return Heating or cooling capacity. It is of particular advantage not only with regard to the procedural interpretation of the invention, but also with regard to the implementation for this that due to the conception of the invention this situation of delivery the feedback variable in a state provided with additional information without further ado Contribution results from the control system itself.

The further step, which is important for the invention, is the selection of a target value band having an upper and a lower limit of the same enables it to be more advantageous Way, in addition to all the advantages already described, the control system in to equip information technology senses with a kind of gLanguages, namely by the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power although arbitrary, but expedient as a "zero normal" and by the just as arbitrary Selectable upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power an information value of a binary information system to be designated as "one normal" is created, which is conveniently in a known manner by appropriate preferably can further process electrical impulses using suitable logics. That means in accordance with the concept of the invention, in turn, that thus a language between the heat or cold generator and the consumer of whatever type agreed is, which makes it possible that the respective consumer power only by querying of information pulses of the form greater than one normal "and / or less than zero normal" to the Generating the required in the heating or cooling medium heating or cooling capacity to be fed in must be used, while in the range between one normal and zero normal, that is, "smaller or equal to one normal "and" greater than or equal to zero normal "the control system itself is left to itself. This also has the advantage that it provides a maximum stability while avoiding frequent intervention in the rule system is provided. This leads to the desired calming of the controlled system. Apart from the fact that these advantages apply to all heating or cooling systems with continuous The supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant supply applies, is a two-point control for heating or cooling systems that work in on-off mode although indispensable due to the system, it forms one which is designed in this way according to the invention binary logic at the same time an ideal two-point control with extremely simple implementation and practically all of the regulations described for continuous operation Advantages here too. The application of the concept according to the invention is based on this Discontinuously working control systems are so ideal because they are in contrast for conventional control for heating and cooling systems working in on-off mode no longer the measure or the size-related value of the respective physical quantity needs to be queried, but only the fact whether a signal as a zero standard "or" one standard "of the type defined is pending at all.

Another advantage of the inventive concept using use a setpoint band for the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference variable for the regulation it can be seen that this has not been possible so far kept way for further energy savings is opened. The invention has namely recognized that there is a minimal loss of energy in performing the generic regulation always results when only a particularly small number of control interventions is required, so the control system is quasi-stationary behaves, that is, is not subject to any particular dynamics. Based on that from the protruding The reasons described, although with performance sizes, there but with the fluctuation of the consumer power after working control system the invention results in such a minimization of energy losses, when the amount of fluctuation in consumer power is very small to practical whose disappearance value can be selected.

If one would only use a nominal value of the fluctuation range as Working reference variable, then the value of the same should be clearly verifiable, in other words, it should be clearly different from the vanishing value. By the selection according to the invention of a target value band for the fluctuation range of the consumer power with the upper and lower limit of the same, however, the lower limit can at least be whole be placed in the vicinity of the disappearing value, whereas only the upper limit value must be clearly different from this. This leads to the system at least comparatively in the area between the upper and lower limit of the target value range can be operated in a more energy-efficient way, because control interventions only take place and only then, if the system has a fluctuation range in the consumer power over a predetermined period of time which is below the lower limit of their setpoint band. The result achievable energy savings have proven to be quite substantial. here The expedient development of the invention is also classified in that a deviation the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value range by reducing the heating or

Coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power and a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band by increasing the amount fed into the heating or coolant flow Heat resp.

Cooling capacity is eliminated.

A further improvement in the sense of that underlying the invention The task is achieved by another subordinate inventive concept, according to which a deviation the fluctuation in consumer performance over the upper limit of the specified setpoint range by reducing the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power and / or a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band by increasing the amount fed into the heating or coolant flow Heat resp.

Cooling capacity only after it has existed during a predetermined period Period of time is eliminated, these periods of time preferably being different long can be selected, with preference given to the deviation above the upper limit The time span assigned to the specified target value band is shorter than that of the deviation corresponding time span below the lower limit of the specified target value band can be chosen. This is because on the one hand the deviation signals the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit and below the lower The limit of its setpoint range is clearly verified and, on the other hand, is only then intervened if such verification could even be carried out.

It arises in particular with regard to the lower limit of the Setpoint band, which - as explained above - for reasons of energy saving should be placed as close as possible to the disappearance value, the problem, too distinguish whether, under these circumstances, the lower limit is still undershot of the setpoint band is present or the deviation has already disappeared completely. The first information would be information which is determining for the regulation according to the invention desirable, while the latter information is practically none or at most the Meaning that the system is already undersupplied. Here is according to this subordinate ideas of the invention introduced a control period to this both possibilities with regard to a deviation from the lower limit of the target value band to be able to select from each other. Regarding a deviation over the upper limit of the target value band, such a selection is not absolutely necessary, but can prove to be useful under certain circumstances.

The invention can be expedient by a further subordinate Inventive ideas are perfected, according to which for at least the duration of a predetermined period of time a plurality of determinations of the consumer performance made and in each case the result of the last determination with that of each of the previous ones Determinations compared and when determining the upper limit of the target value range for the permissible size of the fluctuation range of the consumer power exceeding The difference between two such results is this deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power by reducing the amount of heat fed into the heating or coolant flow or cooling capacity and / or when determining the lower limit of the setpoint range for the permissible size of the fluctuation range of the consumer power falling below Difference between two such results and their existence during a predetermined one Duration of this deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power due to enlargement in the heating or

Heat or cooling power fed in with the coolant flow eliminated will. The advantage of this procedure is that the determination of the fluctuation range neither the absolute value of the consumer power nor the change in direction for the better or negatives. The fluctuation range is only reduced to an unsigned one unci thus reduced the amount that had a positive effect. Such a measure can be in a very simple way against a however defined zero standard or one standard compare, and the decision as to whether the measure is greater than this one-normal or is smaller than this zero normal, the simplest elementary decision logics can be used lead back. In terms of implementation, this has the further advantage that here only the simplest decision-making logic is required, which nevertheless allows any consumer service functionally represented over time completely independent of their characteristics with regard to their fluctuation or to select.

According to an expedient development of this subordinate inventive concept it is very easy to sharpen the entire scanning method according to this achieve subordinate ideas of the invention if the specified time in which a plurality of determinations of the consumer performance is made, the same that for the existence of a difference between a last-determined result and the or one of the preceding results 5 (se) of the determination of the consumer power predetermined period of time is selected. In addition, the selection of the "NMeßwert" sequence of the consumer power determining the period of time with a for the duration of the "silence" selected period of time shortened a further not insignificant value Energy saving possible.

In principle, it would be possible to get in the way of the regulation according to the invention the scanning method (raster comparison method of a value, for example a ZMeß "value of the consumer power, compared to each of the previous ones similar ZMeß "values) with comparison to the very first of these determined To carry out values of the consumer power. However, it has been shown that both in terms of implementation and from the point of view of further savings of heating or cooling or operating energy when carrying out the process According to the invention, advantageous further training opportunities open up if after an elimination of a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power from a the limits of the specified target value band for at least the duration of a specified Time span of making a plurality of consumer performance determinations and the comparison of the result of the last determination with that of each of the previous of this plurality of determinations as well as the comparison of these differences these results with the upper and lower limit of the target value band and elimination the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power when determining a exceeding the upper limit of the setpoint band or one of the lower limit The difference between these results that is below the target value band repeated will. In terms of implementation, it can expediently be provided for this purpose that the Control device one via a pulse line with the storage device on the one hand and on the other hand the time programming device and / or the fluctuation comparison device and / or the sequential control device as well as acknowledgment associated with the actuating command generator and has extinguishing device, by means of which after the actuating command generator has acted to eliminate a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power from a the limits of the predetermined target value band of their fluctuation range the storage device in the sense of a deletion of the instantaneous values of the consumer power stored in it with the exception of a predetermined value thereof as a reference value and for at least the duration of a predetermined period of time, the time programming device and / or the fluctuation comparison device and / or the sequence control device in the sense the implementation of a further series of determinations of instantaneous values of the consumer power and from this the determination of at least one, preferably a sequence of fluctuation (s) same and, if one occurs, the upper limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power exceeding or one of the lower limit of this setpoint range below the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power of the actuating command generator can be actuated in the sense of eliminating this deviation.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, a deviation the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value range in addition, by increasing the flow into the heating or cooling medium Heating or cooling capacity according to the extent of this deviation and a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band by reducing the flow in the heating or cooling medium fed in heating or cooling capacity according to the extent of this deviation be eliminated. Accordingly, the control device can on the one hand via a pulse line with the fluctuation comparator and on the other hand connected to the control command generator via a further impulse line Have proportional controller. It has been found, surprisingly, that contrary to a prejudice in the professional world that with a purely proportional controller Heating controls cannot be implemented appropriately with the invention Commercially available pure proportional controllers can be used to avoid any unfavorable Vibration behavior of the control device according to the invention, which anyway is not expected to switch off reliably.

In order to improve the accuracy of the regulation, it can be more expedient Embodiment of the invention, the total extent of the deviation in the fluctuation in consumer performance over the upper limit of the specified target value band over time determined and a deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper Limit this setpoint band by reducing the heating or Coolant upstream heat or cooling capacity fed in according to this level this deviation is eliminated and / or the total amount of deviation of the fluctuation the consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value range determined over time and a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of this setpoint band by increasing the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power according to this Total measure of the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power can be eliminated. Correspondingly, the control device can communicate with the fluctuation comparison device via pulse lines and the proportional controller as well as the integral controller connected to the positioning command transmitter with time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power beyond the upper limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or Time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power have their fluctuation range below the lower limit of the target value band. Through this all system deviations of the fluctuation in consumer power from the the Reference variable forming the setpoint band that occurred at all are integrated over the tent and, depending on the size of the integral, carry out positioning commands, what over time a particularly precise adjustment to the target size with good Allows damping or good transient behavior.

Furthermore, sees another expedient training according to a subordinate Inventive concept for the purpose of achieving not inconsiderable energy savings, that the degree of change over time of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power beyond the upper limit of the specified target value band and / or the time limit Change of this measure of temporal change of the deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power determined and this deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power by reducing the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or cooling medium flow according to this measure of the change with time of the deviation of the fluctuation of the Consumer power or

this degree of temporal change this degree of temporal change of the Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power eliminated and / or the degree of temporal change of a deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band and / or the change over time this measure of temporal change in the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power determined and this deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power through enlargement in the heating or

Coolant flow corresponding to the fed-in heating or cooling capacity this measure of the temporal change in the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power or this measure of the change over time, this measure of change over time in the deviation the fluctuation in consumer power is eliminated. Correspondingly, it can be expedient the control device connects to the fluctuation comparison device via pulse lines and the proportional controller and / or optionally the integral controller as well as with the differential controller connected to the actuating command generator with a device for determining the extent of the change over time in the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power beyond the upper limit of the specified target value range of their fluctuation range and / or a device for determining the extent of the change over time Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower border of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range and / or a device to determine the change over time in the degree of change over time in a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or a device for determining the temporal Change in the degree of temporal change in a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of this target value band.

According to another subordinate inventive concept, in further expedient further training of the regulation working with an integral antell of the invention, the total extent of the fluctuation range of the consumer performance and that Total measure of the upper or lower limit of the target value band Fluctuation range of consumer power determined over time and as Measure for optimizing the gain and / or the reset time and / or the Lead time for the elimination of the deviation of the consumer power over the upper one or below the lower limit of your target value range, the ratio of these two Overall dimensions or its reciprocal value can be selected. In terms of implementation, it is preferable to do this the integral regulator is a time-dependent integrator for fluctuations in consumer power and a further time-dependent integrator for each as a reference variable for the respective deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power serving upper or lower limit of the target value band and the control device one via impulse lines with both integrating units Associated device for the formation of the ratio of simultaneous results of both Have integrating works or its reciprocal value.

In this way, regardless of the possibilities described, either the ratio of the total amount of fluctuation in consumer power over time to the total extent of the fluctuation range corresponding to this upper limit of the target value band the ver consumer power in the course of the tent to put or through inverse ratio formation to determine the reciprocal of this ratio, Determine a possible oversupply of the heating or cooling system to the standard supply. Thus, it can be done very easily and conveniently with inexpensive means of implementation Draw, present and even use energy balances directly or indirectly. In particular, permissible excess or undersupply of energy can also be specified. But that means a possibility for optimizing the control device in the In the sense of a sharpening of the sensitivity of the same.

A further fine-tuning in this direction can be achieved by that the total extent of the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper or lower limit of the specified target value range of their fluctuation range and the total amount of the difference between the upper and lower limits of the setpoint band corresponding fluctuation range of consumer power over time is determined and both total dimensions are added together and as a measure for optimizing the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time for eliminating the deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper or below the lower limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range is the ratio of this sum to the total measure that corresponds to the difference between the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range Fluctuation range of consumer power or the reciprocal of this ratio is chosen. For this purpose, the integral controller can also expediently be used on the device side a first time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the fluctuation of the Consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range and / or a first time-dependent integrator for the deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power below the lower limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range Another time-dependent integrator for the difference between the upper and lower Limit of the setpoint band corresponding fluctuation range of consumer power as well as one via impulse lines with both integrators connected Summing direction to form the sum of simultaneous results from both integrating units and the control device one on the one hand with this in each case via impulse lines and on the other hand must at least the time-dependent integrator for the difference corresponding fluctuation range of the upper and lower limit of the target value band the consumer connected device for the formation of the relationship at the same time Results of this integrator and the buzzer device or the reciprocal value have this relationship. Obviously, this results in a special one Improvement of the control precision because the integral ratio, namely the ratio of the overall dimensions mentioned becomes comparatively larger over time.

In further inventive development of this subordinate inventive concept can be the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above or below the upper or lower the lower limit of the target value range of its fluctuation range can be changed, when the ratio of the two total dimensions exceeds a predetermined value. For this purpose, the device for forming the relationship can expediently be timed Results of both integrating plants resp.

the first time-dependent integrator and the summing device or the reciprocal of these ratios an adjustable pulse blocking device have, by means of which the pulse line (s) to the device (s) for Change in the gain of the proportional controller and / or the reset time of the Integral controller and / or the derivative action time of the differential controller only if available a predetermined value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrators or the first time-dependent integrator and the summing device or the The reciprocal of these ratios is or are releasable. This means the default permissible values for gain and / or reset time and / or lead time of to eliminate the deviation in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium from a predetermined assigned limit of its setpoint range working Control device according to the invention. this in turn for the first time provides the possibility of a kind of self-learning of the control device according to the invention, in that it adjusts its own control constants itself. According to the subordinate underlying this subordinate inventive concept further task this brings with it the advantageous possibility that any type of controller used for the task on which the invention is based become and even arbitrary with regard to its control constants, that is also unfavorable, can be set, since according to this subordinate inventive concept it is ensured that after a while he will focus on the most appropriate field of work because it has set its control constants according to the energy supply criteria even readjust according to.

The same can also be achieved by an alternative, according to the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above or below the upper or lower the lower limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range is changed in such a way that that the ratio of the two total dimensions does not exceed a predetermined value. For this purpose, the device for changing the gain of the proportional controller can expediently and / or the device for changing the reset time of the integral controller and / or the device for changing the lead time of the differential controller in each case one via-an impulse line with the device for forming the relationship at the same time Results of both integrating units or the first time-dependent integrating unit and the summing device or the reciprocal of these ratios Have adjusting device, by means of which the assigned changing device in the sense of avoiding exceeding a predetermined value of the ratio simultaneous results from both integrating units or the first time-dependent integrating unit and the summing device or the reciprocal of these ratios can be adjusted is. This variant too the invention realized for the first time a scheme with self-learning with the alternative described above advantages already explained. In both cases, the self-learning process the regulation with regard to the adaptation of their regulation constants to the respective Peculiarities of the heating or cooling system and / or that to be air-conditioned with it Rooms with regard to operating parameters and / or location- and / or climate-specific or improve user-specific characteristics in that the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the deviation in consumer power is already chosen depending on the manufacturer's capability and / or user needs will. This means the practical option of a factory preselection of for a specific heating or cooling system and / or a combination of the same with a certain type of control device according to the invention is expedient considered values for amplification and / or reset time and / or derivative time, whereby it then the last-described way according to one or the other variant of the same trained control device according to the invention remains in the way of self-learning optimizing the control process to the peculiarities mentioned adapt. This means an improvement in this automatic optimization of the Control device according to the invention insofar as this manufacturer or Factory setting of one or more control constants for self-optimization the control device required period of time kept particularly short and the associated energy losses can be minimized.

It can be seen that in a further development of the invention it can be advantageous as a heat generator a fuel-fired or supplied with electrical energy Boiler and / or a heat exchanger charged with the primary heat transfer medium on the primary side, for example a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator an electric compression chiller and / or a gas or diesel engine-operated chiller or sorption chiller and as A device for influencing which is connected to the control device via the control line the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or cooling medium flow a device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator be provided. The universality achievable with the invention too in this direction is evident.

For discontinuous, i.e. in on-off operation, heating or cooling systems, in which the change in the heating or cooling medium heat or cooling power supplied to the heat transfer medium Switching the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator on and off takes place, a special subordinate inventive concept expediently provides that when there is a discrepancy in the fluctuation in consumer power over the the upper limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range Supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator ended and during a predetermined period of time occurring deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is started. Device technology the invention provides for this that the heat or cold generator is discontinuous can be supplied with operating energy and that the control device has a clocked Having control commands emitting control commands, by means of which the device to influence the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator Control commands can be supplied as on-off commands, in each case when one is determined Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of their specified Setpoint band addition by an off command, the supply of operating energy to the Heat or cold generator lockable and during a predetermined Duration occurring deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power below the lower Limit your specified target value band by an on command the supply of Operating energy to the heat or cold generator can be released.

Here it is shown in the most surprising simplicity that with one discontinuously working heating or cooling system exceeding the upper limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range or the "falling below" the lower limit of the same to a consumer-friendly switching on and off of the heat or cold generator leads. As already stated, namely means large Fluctuation in consumer power oversupply and small fluctuation in consumer power incipient undersupply. This knowledge is immediately used to influence the regulation the supply of the heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant flow, for example through direct control of a possibly existing burner of the heat or cold generator implemented. This makes it quite impressively clear that nothing related to the Heating or

Cooling system external size is used arbitrarily, but the Influencing the supply of heating or cooling capacity directly from the heating or cooling capacity cold-side consumer requirement is derived.

An expedient continuation of this subordinate idea of the invention deals according to a subordinate task underlying the invention Task with the determination of such for a specific heating or cooling system special design based on the totality of the influencing variables to which it is subject, optimal reference variable. For this purpose, this subordinate inventive concept provides that when the method for heating or cooling operation is started up, the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time a reduction of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined the fluctuation range of consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a smaller fraction of this maximum possible compared to this fraction Consumer power (commissioning consumer power), preferably according to a a fraction lying in the range between about one tenth and one half that corresponds to the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power Value of the same, is chosen. This procedure can be used with preference in the als "Maiden voyage" to be designated first commissioning with the invention equipped heating or cooling system are realized and then provides the actually maximum possible consumer power, which is determined at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a reduction occurs for the first time than the only relevant variable, which contain all influencing variables that have an effect on the heating or cooling system without these needing to be determined or measured in detail.

An expedient embodiment of the invention according to another subordinate The idea of the invention is characterized in that during heating operation for heating after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up and / or every time the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is resumed after the end of the same, the consumer power as the maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power occurs for the first time, determined and the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a smaller fraction of this compared to this fraction maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one in the range between about one tenth and one half of the fraction of the dem larger setpoint value corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power same, is chosen.

It has been found, surprisingly, that with all Commissioning or start-up processes of heating systems designed according to the invention or cooling systems move relatively quickly and for a very specific period of time sets maximum consumer power, which, depending on the circumstances, may be shorter or remains almost constant for a long time, but in any case with generic Systems with automatic throttle devices have a significant kinking of the same is determined towards smaller values, so that it is precisely this behavior of heating or cooling systems a determination and normalization of the as commissioning consumer ei stung designated maximum possible consumer power or the start-up consumer power designated maximum consumer power is guaranteed. By this property can be surprisingly in through the use of these two subordinate inventive ideas very simply the upper and lower limits of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power as a fraction of the standardized commissioning or start-up consumer power determine. The advantage of this approach is that you can not only on a once determined system performance in the form of the "maiden voyage" (first commissioning) setting commissioning consumer power or the, for example start-up consumer power setting for daytime driving, the rest for a newly installed heating or cooling system according to the invention for a not inconsiderable Set the operating time to correspond to the commissioning consumer power must, but the heating or cooling system according to the invention in the example daily operation (e.g. daily start-up operation) - their calibration standard again and again automatically finds.

On the device side, the invention becomes this subordinate inventive concept in that the control device has a setpoint selection device with a Via an impulse line with the power comparison device to determine the Fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via a pulse line with the Fluctuation comparison device to determine the deviation of this, fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device to determine the in the course of commissioning of the device for heating or cooling operation as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode on cooling after heating and / or each time the supply of Operating energy for heat or

Cold generator after termination of the same as maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of this consumer power for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring consumer power and each one uuer an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving device connected as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generation device, the setpoint selection device and on the other hand connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint generator Device for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a Initial setting or a change to a set value of the assigned Upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power to a fraction of this maximum in both heating and cooling mode possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum Consumer performance (Start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrarily selectable value having, this arbitrarily selectable value corresponding to a smaller fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably in accordance with a fraction lying in the range between about one tenth and one half that corresponds to the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power Value of the same, is selectable.

Another subordinate concept of the invention is concerned with the Solution of a sub-task subordinate to the task on which the invention is based thus, for discontinuously operated heating or cooling systems, the choice of Particularly to optimize the setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power. For this purpose, this subordinate concept of the invention provides that the upper limit for the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power, the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and as the lower limit for the smaller one Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the disappearing value of the consumer power-selected will. The supply of operating energy can be carried out in a further expedient training course to the heat or cold generator are terminated when the fluctuation in consumer power one of the around the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) corresponding value falls below, and added when the fluctuation in consumer power one around the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power enlarged disappearance value corresponding value during a predetermined period of time does not exceed. In such discontinuously operating heating or cooling systems can thus be a measure of the upper and lower limits of the Fluctuation range the consumer power spgar on pure query for a single value in each case reduce what, according to this subordinate task, is related to the experts in the field State-of-the-art solutions with advantages that were not considered possible brings even the consumer power as a function of time in terms of its dynamics in each case only to two values of the same.

same and, depending on this, already the respective setting command to be able to trigger. These values can even be independent of any external or system-immanent influencing variable and for all operating modes fixed at the factory or can also be set by the user as he wishes, since they are based on the commissioning consumer power or the start-up consumer power and the vanishing value of the consumer power are formed, and this only additively or subtractively.

This type of process management and the associated implementation is not only particularly simple, but also and especially for such heating or cooling systems, which are included as a complete system from one manufacturer the heating or cooling generation and distribution units are created. For Such systems tend to have the entire performance indicator, which is already provided by the manufacturer the commissioning and / or start-up consumer power and the disappearance value of the Consumer power are known and therefore that for the specification of the upper and the lower limit of the fluctuation range of the consumer power necessary quadruple can be reduced to a tuple. In terms of implementation, this means that the query of four values (four-point controller) for now two values (two-point controller) can be reduced. However, the method according to this inventive concept certainly drive with a four-point controller, but then not fully would be exploited.

In the event that one wants to remain completely independent of the predestination or determining any limits on the fluctuation of consumers performance, especially in the event that an existing one is retrofitted Prior art heating or cooling systems to the invention of bespnderem Can be advantageous, an expedient development according to one is particularly suitable alternative subordinate ideas thereof, according to that for each result a plurality of determinations of consumer performance the difference between him and the previous result of this plurality of provisions of consumer performance determined in terms of amount and monotonic when a predetermined number occurs falling results of a plurality of determinations of this difference are preferred with exceeding the upper limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power during the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator this ends and when a predetermined number of monotonically decreasing occurrences occurs or practically constant results of a plurality of investigations of this Difference preferably when the lower limit of the setpoint band is not reached the fluctuation range of the consumer power during the interruption of the supply from operating energy to the heat or cold generator this is absorbed. On the device side the invention of this process management is fair in that the control device either one connected to the multiplier via an impulse line Amount comparison device to determine the difference between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power or one via an impulse line instantaneous value deviation storage device connected to the performance comparison device to store the differences between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power, wherein the amount comparison device or the Instantaneous value deviation storage device each with a pulse line a tendency comparison device to determine the tendency of the change in Differences between the last and before the last instantaneous value of the consumer power tied together is, which in turn each have a pulse line on the one hand with a number setting device for the arbitrary specification of a trigger threshold for the actuation of the actuating device effective number of such differences between the last and before the last instantaneous value the consumer power and, on the other hand, a counter for these differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power the actuating command transmitter and with a position indicator device for the feedback of the Operating state of the steep command generator is connected.

An advantageous further development of this subordinate inventive concept is characterized in that for each result a plurality of determinations the consumer power is the difference between it and the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) determined in terms of amount and increasing when a predetermined number of montons occurs Results of a plurality of determinations of this difference, preferably with The upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power is exceeded the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator ended and for each Result of a number of determinations of the consumer performance of the UiL Various between it and the disappearing value of the consumer power determined in terms of amount and upon occurrence of a predetermined number of monton falling or practical consistent results of a plurality of determinations of this difference preferably with falling below the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator-added to the consumer power will. In terms of implementation, it can expediently be provided for this purpose that at a device according to the invention with detector device for determining the during the commissioning of the device for heating or cooling as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or at everyone Resumption of the supply of operating energy to the heating or cold generator after termination of the same as maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) occurring consumer power the control device a memory device connected to the multiplier device via a pulse line for storing the determined values of the consumer power and one over each an impulse line with this and with the detector device connected deviation comparison device to determine the difference in the respective determined value of the consumer power of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), which via a pulse line with a tendency comparison direction for determination the tendency to change the differences between each determined Value of the consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) is, in turn, each via a pulse line on the one hand with a number specification device for the arbitrary specification of a trigger threshold for the actuation of the command transmitter effective number of such differences between each determined value of the Consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or.the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and on the other hand via a counter for these differences between each determined value the consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with the actuator and with a position indicator for reporting back the operating status of the command transmitter is connected.

This further development of the scheme according to the invention brings the possibility for a further simplification of the same without losing anything set out above Advantages insofar as this basically specifies the above and / or the lower limit of the Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the Consumer performance with corresponding options for implementation Simplifications can be replaced by monotonically falling results of the Consumer performance itself or monotonously increasing differences in terms of amount the following "measurement" values of the same and / or constant or monotonically decreasing results of provisions of consumer performance itself or of differences in amount consecutive "measured" values regardless of whether they have exceeded or fallen below a limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range for triggering a control intervention can be used. There is also no need to initiate such control interventions when exceeding an upper limit or when falling below a lower limit Remaining unused for a longer period of time can also be a such an event also serve as a trigger threshold. The advantage is in everyone Case that with this universal scanning method (raster measurement method) every Heating or cooling system with any heating or

Cold generator by equipping it with such a device according to the invention Regulation for any consumer system without any prior knowledge of the same (for example with regard to climatic environment, season, rooms, size, storage mass, Capacity for heat transfer medium, etc.) can be operated so that it automatically obtains its required control information on its own.

In the case of operation for heating and cooling systems J with heat or cold generator with continuous supply of operating energy to him dealing Embodiment of the invention, in which the change in the heating system or cooling medium supply to the heat transfer medium. Cooling capacity by continuously changing the supply of operating energy to the Heat or cold generator takes place, if a deviation occurs, the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the specified setpoint range of their In addition, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator can fluctuate decreased and if the fluctuation deviates during a predetermined period of time the consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value range its fluctuation range, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator elevated. The device-like corresponding to this subordinate idea of the invention The embodiment of the invention is made so that the heat or cold generator continuously with operation 5 energy can be supplied and that the control device one that is always present during the operating time of the heat or cold generator having modulated control command issuing Stelibefehlgeber, by means of which the Device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator the setting commands as modulation differences in terms of amount during the operating period continuously available operating command can be supplied, with each determination a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power over the upper limit of their of the specified setpoint range, the supply of operating energy to the heat or

Cold generator can be reduced depending on this deviation and when determining a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of their specified setpoint range, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator can be increased depending on this deviation.

If you compare heating or cooling systems with continuous and discontinuous supply of operating energy to its heat or

Cold generator, it should be noted that the degree of fluctuation with the discontinuously operated system extremely easy for switching on and off the supply of operating energy could be used when operated continuously In addition, systems can avoid any undesirable degree of fluctuation in consumer performance, that means either too big or too small or nonexistent Fluctuations in consumer power, immediately correct immediately and permanently leaves. This happens because too great a fluctuation is immediately reduced the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator on the right one Reduced degree and a fluctuation that is too small or no longer present at all the consumer power by increasing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator can be generated. This makes the most energy-efficient one visible Operation of a heating or cooling system regardless of any consumer requirement continuously and reliably guaranteed.

In this variant of the invention, too, it is subordinate Invention ideas of the same possible for the perception of a corresponding subordinate Task in an expedient manner for a particular heating or cooling system The type mentioned here with continuous operation due to the entirety the influencing variables to which it is subject to determine the optimal value of the reference variable. For this purpose, this subordinate concept of the invention provides that upon commissioning of the procedure for heating operation and for cooling operation at full load the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time a reduction of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined the fluctuation range of consumer power, g corresponding to a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to a compared to this fraction, a smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power), preferably according to one in the range between about a tenth and a half fraction of the larger target value the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is chosen. We also recommend this procedure with preference for the as "Maiden voyage" is the first commissioning of one with the invention equipped Heating or cooling system, especially since they are used for this actually possible maximum fluctuation in consumer power as the only one relevant size in which all of the heating resp.

Cooling system acting influencing variables are included, provides, without that these need to be determined or measured in detail.

In addition, there is also the possibility of expedient training here this subordinate inventive concept given by the fact that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after cooling down Heating at full load the consumer power as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and the larger setpoint corresponds to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a smaller fraction of this maximum consumer power compared to this fraction (Start-up consumer power), preferably according to one in the range between approximately one Tenth and half of the fraction of the larger target value - the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is selected.

On the device side, the invention is subordinate to these directed towards this The idea of the invention in that the control device is a setpoint selection device with one via an impulse line to the power comparison device for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device to determine the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device to determine the in the course of commissioning of the device for heating or cooling operation as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer performance) at the time at which for the first time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power a reduction in the same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during the course of cooling operation when cooling down after warming up as maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of this consumer power for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring consumer power and one or one each via an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving device connected as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generation device, the setpoint selection device and on the other hand connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint generator Device for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a Initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned Upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power to a fraction of this maximum in both heating and cooling mode possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrary Has selectable value, this arbitrarily selectable value corresponding to a smaller fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) respectively.

the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one lying in the range between about one tenth and one half Fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, can be selected. Again, as with the above described discontinuous operation of the heat or cold generator with a the invention equipped heating or cooling situation concerned Variants of the invention, the function of determining the original start-up consumer power or their fluctuation for the determination of the reference variable of the control in the form of the target value band according to the invention from the start-up consumer power or its Fluctuation can be accepted with all the advantages already explained.

The with the operation of equipped according to the invention heating or cooling systems with continuously working heat or

A variant of the invention which concerns cold generators offers according to one These subordinate ideas of the invention, which are useful for further training, but also Another advantageous possibility, according to the invention by the bandwidth of the Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power certain reference variable to determine for the inventive scheme so that the default value for this Reference variable is available particularly quickly. According to this subordinate The idea of the invention can be useful when starting up the method for Heating mode or for cooling mode or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling after heating, the length in each case at full load the period of time during which the consumer power is the maximum possible for the first time Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) occurs with a practically constant value, and / or the temporal change in consumer power after the point in time after this Time span with a practically constant value of this consumer power for the first time Reduction of the same occurs, determined and according to the extent of the length of this Period of time and / or the extent of the change over time in this consumption performance of the the larger and the smaller specified target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power can be changed by the greater the length of this time span and / or shorter Measure of the change in this consumer power over time, both specified setpoints the fluctuation range of the consumer performance by a smaller amount and at shorter length of this period and / or greater degree of temporal Change this consumer power both specified setpoints of the fluctuation range the consumer power can be reduced by a larger amount. Device-wise For this purpose, it can be expediently provided that the control device is a setpoint selection device with one via an impulse line to the power comparison device for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device to determine the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their Sol'l value band connected detector device to determine the in the course. commissioning of the device for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load as maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and / or during heating operation after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating up, in each case at full load as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time to after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and one or each adjustable adjustable via an impulse line Ratio device as a target value formation device for the upper or the ' lower limit. the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power, furthermore one via an impulse line with the multiplier or with one in turn connected to the power comparison device via an impulse line Amount comparison device connected to the instantaneous value deviation storage device to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer 'performance by determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and one over a Time span measuring device connected to the pulse line with the detector device to the Determination of the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via a pulse line and with a switch-on and a switch-off device, each in turn are connected to the magnitude comparison device via pulse lines, wherein at least the switch-off device, preferably also with the detector device is connected via an impulse line, and / or each via an impulse line either with the amount comparison device or with the multiplier and on the other hand with a device for the delivery of corresponding time periods Dividing device connected to pulses for determining the time gradient the reduction in consumer power after the end of the period with practical constant value of the same, each via a pulse line with a gradient specification and -comparing means with one from the time of the end of the period with practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or Switch-off device, preferably with at least the switch-off device one Time span measuring device for determining the length of the time span with practical constant value of the consumer power, is connected, having the or each of the Sol'lwert-Bildungseinrichtung (s) via a respective impulse line on the one hand with the detector device and on the other hand with the time span measuring device directly or via their time span specification and comparison device or with the dividing device directly or via its gradient specification and -Comparison device as well as in each case with the actuator is connected or are. This possibility of detecting the optimal value can be seen for the reference variable from the length of the time span during which the commissioning or the starting consumer power remains practically constant and / or from the temporal Gradients of the fall of the same after the end of this period of time with practical constant course of the commissioning or start-up consumer power on the one hand particularly nimble, which is of particular advantage for certain commissioning processes can be, however, the particular importance of the solution lies in accordance with this subordinate inventive concept more on the so-called start-up process ", under which normally the start-up of a heating or

Cooling system understood from their night operation in their working mode because this process tends to occur repeatedly every day and in the event of a quick review and / or, if necessary, readjustment of the reference variable can lead to special energy savings.

Depending on the configuration of the heating to be regulated according to the invention or cooling system, it can be useful if, according to a further development, the level, on or around that which is determined by a fluctuation range in consumer power fluctuate upper and / or lower setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power may, is specifically determined. This consumer performance level definition can expediently take place in that as a reference value for the larger and for the smaller The nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power is in each case an arbitrarily specified one The value of the consumer power is selected, this serving as a reference value arbitrarily specified value here and in the following as "operational consumer power" referred to as. It can be seen that in this embodiment. invention different reference values for the upper limit value and for the Fluctuation in consumer power which forms the lower limit value of the oil value band to get voted. As an alternative to this, however, it is by all means not only possible, but can be downright useful if a'ls common reference value for the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power an arbitrary predetermined value of the consumer power is selected, this reference value here too is referred to as operational consumer power. Here you can see upper and lower limit value of the setpoint range of the consumer power a common reference value, however, this can be chosen so that the upper limit of the target value band corresponding and at the same time also corresponding to the lower limit of the setpoint band Fluctuation in consumer performance around this as a reference serving common consumer power level takes place around, so this reference value with respect to both limits of the So'llwert band is centric, whereas one Such an alternative can be expedient and realized in both cases these two limits of the Soliwert band corresponding fluctuations in a Carry out direction from a common reference value, that is, in relation to the fluctuations in consumer power corresponding to both limits of the setpoint band is tangential.

In terms of device, the invention provides for this that the or

each of the target value formation device (s) each one with this or this level indicator connected via a pulse line each before or is downstream, by means of which as a reference value for the larger and for the smaller Setpoint value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case an arbitrarily chosen one The value of the consumer power can be specified.

In the context of the invention, however, it is just as sensible and expedient to the operational consumer performance as a reference value for the performance level at which the respective upper or lower limit of the setpoint bandti of the consumer power corresponding fluctuation of the same should not be chosen arbitrarily, but appropriately from a company size of those equipped with the discovery Derive heating or cooling system. For this purpose, according to a development of the invention when commissioning the procedure for heating mode or for cooling mode at full load the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and with one reference value for the larger and one for the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and as a reference value for the smaller setpoint a comparative smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumption power), preferably one in the range between about 0.4 to 0.8 times this Value to be chosen. Here, the start-up behavior when commissioning for the first time is the so-called "Jungferrlfahrt", appropriately exploited.

It can, however, especially after a long period of operation be expedient if instead, according to an alternative, the daily start-up behavior the heating or cooling system is used by for heating in heating mode after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating Full load the consumer power as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after-a period of time with a practically constant value of the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and with one reference value for the larger and one for the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and a comparatively smaller fraction as the reference variable for the smaller sol oil value this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller ~ target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably a value in the range between approximately 0.4 to 0.6 times the same is selected will.

An even better measure for determining the operational consumer performance as a reference value for those corresponding to the upper and lower limits of the setpoint range In many cases, fluctuations in consumer performance can be achieved by that at startup of the procedure for heating operation or for Cooling mode or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling after heating, the length of the time period, each at full load, during which, for the first time, the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) occurs with a practically constant value, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value the consumer power is the first time a decrease in the same occurs and with one reference value for the larger and one for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a correspondingly greater length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the temporal Change in the consumer power of greater and correspondingly smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure of the change in consumer power over time, small fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and as a smaller Setpoint is in each case a comparatively smaller fraction compared to this fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power more common The reference variable as such is a longer and / or shorter period of time Measure of the temporal change in consumer power large fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and according to the shorter length of this Period of time and / or greater degree of change in consumer power over time small fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) is selected. In this case, those for determining the upper and lower ones have a surprising effect Limit of the setpoint -Band corresponding fluctuation ranges according to the measured length of the time span with practically constant consumer power and / or according to the gradient of the decrease in the same after the end of this period of time advantages already described also and especially for the definition of the reference value (s) for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power serving level of performance.

One can get the knowledge according to this subordinate inventive idea can also be used to advantage, not just sporadically arbitrary Times to determine the reference value in the manner described, but for each Start-up operation of the heating or cooling system, for example, to a certain Time of day, such as the morning, a review of the reference variable (s) and an approximately Correction that is deemed necessary in the direction of operation with minimal energy loss of the system by starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation or in heating operation for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling after heating, the length in each case at full load the period of time during which the consumer power is the maximum possible for the first time Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (Anfahrverbrauclierleistungs) occurs with a practically constant value, and / or the temporal change in consumer power after the point in time after this A period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time Reduction of the same occurs, determined and according to the Maß.der length of this Period of time and / or the extent of the change in consumer power over time Reference value (s) for the larger and for the smaller sol value of the fluctuation range the consumer power are or will be changed, preferably by at each a reference variable for the larger and for the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power according to the greater length of this time span and / or shorter Measure of the temporal change in consumer power the reference value for the larger Setpoint by one lower amount and the reference value for the smaller target value by a relatively larger amount compared to this amount and according to the shorter length of this time span and / or a larger amount of the temporal Change the consumer power the reference value for the larger setpoint by one larger amount and the reference value for the smaller setpoint by one compared to this amount is a relatively smaller amount or for the larger and the smaller target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value according to the greater length of this period of time and / or a smaller measure of the change over time the consumer power this common reference value by a smaller amount and according to the shorter length of this time span and / or a larger amount of the temporal Changes in consumer power reduce this reference value by a larger amount will or will. It has been found that even a Proportional relationship between the length of the period of time with practically constant Consumer power and / or the size of the gradient of the waste according to the same Termination of this period of time on the one hand and the serving as a reference variable and as Operating power designated consumer power can be produced. Corresponding can be expediently by the device according to the invention itself due to Your own self-obtained, measured value information an automatic readjustment carry out this reference value (s). The solution according to this subordinate inventive concept thus ensures a kind of self-learning behavior.

On the device side, the invention provides for the preparation of for the business consumer performance as a reference value determining information and the Selection of this reference value so that the control device is a target value selection device with one via an impulse line with the power comparison device for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power do'or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device to determine the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected Detector device for determining the in the course the commissioning of the device for heating mode or for cooling mode, respectively at full load as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this Consumers' performance for the first time a reduction in the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up a cooling or in the course of the cooling operation during cooling after heating in each case at full load as maximum consumer power ('start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and one or one connected to it via an impulse line adjustable ratio-giving device as a target value-forming device for'die upper or lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as well as one or in each case one via pulse lines on the one hand with the assigned Target value formation device of the target value selection device and on the other hand with the associated setpoint generator or the setpoint generator connected device for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the So'llwert band of the fluctuation range of consumer power on both at Heating mode as well as cooling mode a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrarily selectable value or one via an impulse line with the multiplier or with a in turn connected to the power comparison device via an impulse line Amount comparison device connected to the instantaneous value deviation storage device to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer power by determining the difference between each last and the penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power plus one via an impulse line time span measuring device connected to the detector device for determination the length of the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a time, span specification and comparison device connected to it via an impulse line and a switch-on and / or switch-off device and / or one in each case via a Impulse line on the one hand either with the amount comparison device or with the multiplier and on the other hand with a device for the delivery of Periods of corresponding pulses connected dividing device for determination the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power after termination the period of time with a practically constant value of the same, each via an impulse line with a gradient specification and comparison device and one from the point in time the end of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent Switch-on and / or switch-off device, preferably with at least the switch-off device a time span measuring device for determining the length of the time span with practical constant value of the consumer power, and in all cases one or one each over a pulse line with the or one of them in turn over one impulse line with one of the SollwelL educational institutions - connected level indicator device (s) connected device for automatic Adjustment of the assigned level indicator in the sense of one determined by each Value of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and / or the length of the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power and / or the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power after termination the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent Increase or decrease in as a reference for the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power (Business consumer power) serving the respective fraction of the maximum possible Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power).

By establishing or determining the operational consumer performance as a reference value for the upper and lower limits of the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to the fluctuation range of the same and in addition to this, the fluctuation range for the consumer performance itself can according to one of the invention in a non-obvious manner further training subordinate Invention ideas even for continuously operated heating or cooling systems the evaluation in the sense of a review whether the upper or lower limit the range of fluctuation of the consumer power corresponding to the setpoint range or is below, on an arithmetic comparison of values an expedient given number of such values can be reduced. For procedures that are in accordance with one or more of the subordinate inventive concepts explained above with different reference values for the upper and lower limit of the The fluctuation range of the consumer power that determines the setpoint band, can according to a. further education subordinate inventive ideas the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator are reduced if one of the by a fraction of the larger setpoint, the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value for this higher target value exceeded the corresponding value or one of the by the remainder of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of Consumer power reduced reference value for this larger setpoint corresponding Value is fallen below, and increased if during a predetermined Duration of the fluctuation range by a fraction of the smaller nominal value the consumer power increased reference value for this smaller setpoint corresponding Value not exceeded and one of the remainder of the smaller Setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value for this lower setpoint value is not undershot. Here has a further training proven, according to which after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, which is one of several possible types of control processes is to be described as new reference values for the larger and for the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case in the ratio that occurs immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time Consumer power reduced or increased compared to the previous consumer power Reference values for the larger and corresponding values for the smaller setpoint to get voted. This results in a kind of self-learning process for the reference variable of the control method according to the invention. This should be from any Reasons not specific to the external and especially internal system-specific and / or due to the climatic zone and / or location and / or thermal insulation or the like consumer-specific and / or user-related properties of the respective heating or cooling system can be coordinated from the outset, as this is not even then is to be expected if on the part of the manufacturer or the installer of the system a default value that is generally considered to be appropriate to the needs of society the reference variable determined by the fluctuation range of the consumer power is set for the control according to the invention, this aspect provides the The invention does not apply to systems operating in discontinuous operation realizing automatics that make it possible, regardless of any pre-setting and / or adjustment by the heating engineer using a fast access facility Company size in the form of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator to generate the optimal reference variable.

For procedural forms that are already in accordance with one or more of the above described subordinate inventive concept with for the upper limit and the fluctuation range corresponding to the lower limit of the target value band work with a central reference variable, sees an alternative development of the 'invention before that the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is reduced is when one of the half of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of Consumer power increased reference value exceeded or one of the half of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value is fallen below the corresponding value, and increased becomes, if during a predetermined period of time one of the half of the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power increased reference value corresponding value is not exceeded and one of the half of the smaller Setpoint value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value the corresponding value is not fallen below. It should be noted here that it is is a special case in which both the upper limit of the setpoint band corresponding fluctuation range of consumer power as well as that of the lower Limit of the target value band of the same corresponding fluctuation range in each case symmetrically to serve as a reference, size and designated as operational consumer 'performance .Performance level are. But it is within the scope of this subordinate inventive concept Quite possible if one or both of these are the upper or lower limit the fluctuation range (s) determining the target value band is asymmetrical to the common Reference value lie.

For the other in the invention in the above already described Way possible special case of the upper limit or the lower limit of corresponding fluctuation ranges for consumer power according to a subordinate idea of the invention directed to this, the supply of Operating energy to the heat or cold generator is reduced if one of the reference values or one of the reference values increased by the larger setpoint more appropriate Value exceeded or one of the reference values reduced by the larger setpoint or a value corresponding to this itself is undershot, and increased, if during a predetermined period of time one of the reference variables or one of the Lower setpoint, increased reference value, corresponding value not exceeded and one of the reference values reduced by the smaller target value or one of these itself the corresponding value is not fallen below.

Also for the variants of the invention with Verfatirensführung, in the the reference value for those corresponding to the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range Fluctuation ranges in consumer power are based on a common reference value can be related to the variants of the invention that are here with for both Limits of the target value band work with different reference variables, described Realize self-learning, if according to a corresponding subordinate Inventive idea after changing the supply of operating energy to heat or cold generator that is immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time Adjusting consumer power as a new reference value for the upper and the the lower limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to the value thereof is chosen. Here, too, are related with the process management according to the invention with for both limits of the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power described different reference values Advantages alike, so that a repetitive representation of the same unnecessary.

For the procedural implementation of all of these with procedural and / or implementation-technical self-sustaining automatic working variants regardless of how the reference variable (s) for the limits of the setpoint band the fluctuation range of consumer power will be or will continue to be Proven to be useful if that of the upper and / or that of the lower border of the setpoint band corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power The value of the same is changed in accordance with the change in its reference value, by increasing its reference size when it increases and its Reference value is reduced. In terms of device technology, this can be expediently provided be that the control device in each case one via a pulse generator with the or each of the level indicator device (s) connected feedback device for Avoidance of the reference variable for the upper and / or lower limit of the fluctuation range the consumer performance serving value of the same, each over each an impulse line either with or

one of the device (s) for the automatic actuation of the

one of the setpoint generating device (s) or each via an impulse line on the one hand with the or in each case one of the target value formation device (s) and on the other hand is connected to the or one of the respectively assigned setpoint generator (s).

By introduction made in perfecting the invention the operational consumer power as a reference value for the upper and / or lower The limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power succeeds so surprisingly, not only two dimensions one of the upper and the lower limit this setpoint band corresponding value of the fluctuation range in the course of Time to constantly have to check for their admissibility, which in principle is only through constant observation of consumer performance in the sense of monitoring the same succeeds, but instead the consumer performance as a function of time in terms of value query on four or three limit values, which means that everyone has a corresponding one Self-learning behavior directed procedural as well as device-related Variants of the invention implement the solution to the underlying problem in terms of implementation can be reduced to the realization of a four- or three-point controller. The implementation-wise just like the procedural advantages are not least in the itself resulting possibility for various simplifications and corresponding Reductions in the cost price of a device incorporating the invention as well such as the operating costs of the same, especially with regard to the greatest possible avoidance of energy losses and thus overall in excellent economic efficiency.

It is a subordinate to perfecting the invention Task, despite the obvious advantages of solving the control technology Task without considering the reference variable for continuously operated heating or cooling systems a corresponding solution in an elegant and universal way too taking into account the timing of the reference variable.

It is achieved according to a subordinate concept of the invention, that for each result of a plurality of determinations of the consumer performance of the Difference between it and the previous result of this plurality of determinations the consumer power is determined as a fluctuation of the same amount and at Occurrence of a predetermined number of monotonically increasing results of a plurality of determinations of the fluctuation of the consumer power, preferably with exceedances the upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is reduced and at Occurrence of a predetermined number of monotonically falling or practically constant Results of a plurality of determinations of the variation in consumer performance with falling below the lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is enlarged. On the device side, the invention is then perfected for this purpose provided that the control device either one via a pulse line with the Amount comparison device connected to the multiplier for determining the Difference between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power or one connected to the power comparison device via an impulse line Current value deviation storage device for storing the differences between each has the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power, wherein the amount comparison facility or the instantaneous value deviation storage device each via a pulse line with a tendency comparison device for determination the tendency to change the differences between the last and the penultimate Instantaneous value of the consumer power is connected, which in turn over each an impulse line on the one hand with a number setting device for arbitrary Specification of a triggering threshold for the actuation of the command transmitter Number of such differences between the last and before the last instantaneous value the consumer power and, on the other hand, a counter for these differences between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power dem, actuator and with a position indicator device for feedback the operating status of the actuating agent is connected.

Obviously, the measure brings a so-called "scanner", so an amount comparison device for determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power or an instantaneous value deviation storage device to store the differences between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power in connection with a trend comparison device to determine the tendency to change the differences between each of the latter and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power with corresponding peripheral Providing information feed facilities is a superior aspect, namely by this inventive development both the method as also the device according to the invention from the course of the "measurement" results to derive certain tendencies and then trigger commands when and although the values of the fluctuation range actually determined as "measurement" results the consumer power by no means one or the other limit of its target value range need to have happened.

According to another subordinate idea, the invention enables For the first time a real regulation of a working with a multi-way mixing device Heating or cooling system by using this control system according to the invention for the first time The influence of change on the determinant is not based on a measured actual value Setpoint is taken, so in principle every possibility for positive feedback behavior and thus uncontrolled control oscillations are excluded, especially in one such application of the invention is independent of the use of any Linking algorithms for any for the operating behavior of the heating or cooling system considered relevant physical quantities in the manner of conventional ones Control types. In such a case, in which the change in the heating or coolant flow located heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling power by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as a three- or four-way mixer, takes place, this subordinate concept of the invention provides that when a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the'upper or under the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range the supply of heat resp.

Cooling capacity to that located in the heating or coolant flow Heat transfer medium by changing the ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed into the heating or coolant flow to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device which determines this ratio changes and which changes immediately afterwards or after a predetermined period of time setting consumer power and the difference between this and the consumer power, whose range of fluctuation was decisive for the previous deviation and with this difference as the limit of the target value band of the fluctuation width corresponding to the consumer power that was decisive for the previous deviation new limit of this setpoint band, this change in the supply of heat or Cooling capacity for the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling medium flow is repeated as soon as another Deviation of fluctuation the consumer power above the upper or below the lower limit of this through this new limit of certain target value band of its fluctuation range occurs. In expedient development of this subordinate inventive concept can Share of the heat or cold generator in the heating or cooling medium flow fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow in the event of a deviation the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value range their range of fluctuation is also reduced and if a deviation occurs in the Fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value range their fluctuation range can be increased. In terms of the device, it is provided accordingly, that as a device connected to the control device via the control line Influence of the heating or

Coolant pre-fed heating or cooling power a multi-way mixing device, for example, the respective heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow and on the other hand one from the heating or coolant return flow coming admixing line for heat transfer medium connecting Three-way mixer or the heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the heating or cooling medium return with the heating or

Coolant flow and the heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the heating or coolant return with a the heat transfer medium inlet of the heat resp.

Four-way mixer connecting the return line connected to the cooling generator, is provided and that the control device a one during the operating period the device permanently available modulated actuating command issuing actuators, by means of which the drive of the multi-way mixing device, the setting commands as absolute values Modulation differences a constant during the operating time of the device pending operating command can be supplied, in each case when a deviation is determined the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper or below the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range beyond the supply from Heating or cooling capacity for the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling medium flow by changing the ratio of the heat or cold generator to the Heating or coolant flow fed in mass flow to total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device which determines this ratio is changeable, and one via a pulse line on the one hand with the time programming device to initiate continuous or at predetermined time intervals Obtaining simultaneous measured values for flow and return temperatures as well as with the Measuring device for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and on the other hand with the multiplier for continuous or at predetermined time intervals taking place extraction of instantaneous values of the consumer power connected deviation comparison device has, in turn via impulse lines with a device for automatic Adjustment of one or both setpoint generator (s) or with one of each So Iwertgeber associated device for the automatic adjustment of the same connected is.

However, this subordinate inventive concept also offers an alternative for the operation of a heating or cooling system in which the change in the dem heat transfer medium supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow or cooling power by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as a three- or four-way mixer, is carried out when a deviation occurs the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value range their fluctuation range also that of the flow in the heating or cooling medium The heating or cooling capacity supplied to the heat transfer medium is reduced as a result, that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is reduced in heating mode and is increased during cooling operation and when occurring during a predetermined period of time Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified The setpoint band of its fluctuation range corresponds to that in the heating or coolant supply located heat transfer medium supplied heating or cooling capacity is increased by the fact that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased in heating mode and decreased in cooling mode. The subordinate to this According to the concept of the invention device-like embodiment of the invention is made so that than via the control line with the control device connected device for influencing the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power a multi-way mixing device, for example on the one hand, the respective heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator with the heating or coolant flow and on the other hand one of the heating or coolant return coming admixing line for heat transfer medium connecting Three-way mixer or the heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or water generator and / or the heating or coolant return with the heating or coolant flow as well as the heat transfer medium outlet of the heat or cold generator and / or the Heating or coolant return with a to the heat transfer medium inlet of the Heat or cold generator connected return line connecting four-way mixer, is provided and that the control device a one during the operating time the device is constantly present modulated control command emitting steep command transmitter by means of which the drive of the multi-way mixing device, the setting commands as absolute values Modulation differences a constant during the operating time of the device pending operating command can be supplied, with the supply of heating or cooling power to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow when determining a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range decrease in heating mode and increase in cooling mode in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium reducible and in each case upon determination a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power during a predetermined Duration below the lower limit of the specified target value range of its fluctuation range by increasing the setpoint in heating mode and decreasing the setpoint in cooling mode The flow temperature of the heat transfer medium can be increased.

It is the same with both variants of this inventive concept those with discontinuous or continuous supply of heat or Cooling capacity for the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow via discontinuous or discontinuous influencing of the supply of operating energy possible to the solution a corresponding subordinate task in an expedient manner for a certain heating or cooling systems of the type discussed here with type discontinuous or continuous operation of the heat or cold generator more independent, continuously regulated via the multi-way mixing device used Operating mode of the system based on the totality of the influencing variables to which it is subject, to determine the optimal reference variable. The invention provides for this accordingly further educational aspect of the same that when commissioning the method for Heating mode or 'for cooling mode with the heating or

Coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and the larger setpoint corresponds to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power one compared to this fraction smaller fraction this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power), preferably a fraction lying in the range between about one tenth and one half that corresponds to the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power Value of the same, is chosen.

Here, too, this procedure is recommended with preference for the "Maiden voyage" was the first commissioning of one with the invention equipped heating or cooling system, especially since they are actually responsible for this possible maximum fluctuation range of the consumer power for maximum feed full open position of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator Multi-way mixing device and preferably also full opening of all throttle devices as the only relevant variable in which all have an effect on the heating or cooling system Influencing variables are included, yields without these being determined in detail or to be measured.

Likewise, an expedient further development of this subordinate sees here The idea of the invention provides that in heating mode for heating up after cooling or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating in the heating or cooling medium flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device, the consumer power as maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint value of the fluctuation range is determined the consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a smaller fraction of this maximum consumer power compared to this fraction (Start-up consumer power), preferably one in the range between approximately one tenth and half of the fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is selected.

On the device side, the invention achieves this in that the rule device a setpoint selection device with a via a pulse line with the power comparison device to determine the fluctuation (s) in consumer power and / or via an impulse line to the fluctuation comparison device for determination the deviation of this fluctuation (s) in consumer power over the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band associated with their fluctuation range Detector device for determining during the commissioning of the device for heating mode or for cooling mode, in each case with the heating or coolant flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling down after heating in the heating or coolant flow from the heating or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease of the same occurs, occurring consumer power and one or one each via an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving device connected as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via pulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint value generation device, the setpoint value selection device and on the other hand connected to the assigned setpoint generator or the setpoint generator Device for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a Initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned Upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power to a fraction of this maximum in both heating and cooling mode possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrary Has selectable value, this arbitrarily selectable value corresponding to a smaller fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) respectively.

the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one lying in the range between about one tenth and one half Fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, can be selected. It is evident that for the first time for a Control of a heating or cooling system with continuous or discontinuous, but preferably discontinuous operation of the heat or cold generator continuous control adjustment of a multi-way mixing device independent continuous Operation of the same not only has the function of determining the original commissioning consumer power for determining the reference variable of the control in the form of the invention Setpoint band can be made usable, but also with this determination function all already for all dealing with other modes of operation of heating or cooling systems with discontinuous or continuous operation of their heating or cold generator via discontinuous or continuous supply of operating energy for these advantages explained are taken over by the start-up consumer power can.

Those dealing with the operation of with a multi-way mixing device Heating or cooling systems concerned variant of the invention offers according to one these appropriately advanced subordinate inventive ideas in the same Way as the corresponding development of dealing with the operation of with the invention equipped heating or cooling systems with continuously operating heating or a variant dealing with cold generators also has another advantageous option, according to the invention by the bandwidth of the soil value band of the fluctuation range the consumer power certain reference variable for the inventive scheme to be determined in such a way that the default value for this reference variable is reached particularly quickly Available. It can namely according to this inventive idea provided for this purpose with advantage when starting the process for heating or cooling or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling after heating in each case bc the heating or coolant flow from Heat or cold generator supplying the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device the length of the period of time during which the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value in the consumer power for the first time a reduction in the same occurs and according to the extent of the length of this period and / or the extent of the temporal Change this consumer power of the larger and the smaller specified Setpoint the fluctuation range of consumer power can be changed by at greater Length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the change in this consumer power over time both specified target values of the fluctuation range of the consumer power by one lesser amount and with a smaller length of this time span and / or greater extent the change in this consumer power over time, both predetermined setpoints the fluctuation range of the consumer performance is reduced by a larger amount will.

In terms of device, the invention does justice to this in that the Control device, a setpoint selection device with a 'via an impulse line with the performance comparison device to determine the fluctuation (s) in consumer performance and / or via an impulse line to the fluctuation comparison device for determination the deviation of this fluctuation (s) in consumer power over the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band associated with their fluctuation range Detector device for determining during the commissioning of the device for heating operation or for cooling operation in each case for the heating or cooling medium flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device a-ls maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling after heating in the heating 'or. Coolant flow from the heat or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device as maximum consumer power (start-up consumption power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer performance and one or one each via an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving facility connected as a Sol1-Wert educational facility for the upper or lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power, also one via a pulse line with the multiplier or with egg on your part via a pulse line with the performance comparison device connected instantaneous value deviation storage device connected amount comparison device to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer power by determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and one via an impulse line time span measuring device connected to the detector device for determination the length of the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via an impulse line and with a switch-on and a switch-off device, which in turn have a Impuisleitung are connected to the amount comparison device, with at least the switch-off device preferably also with the detector device via a Impulse line is connected, and / or each via an impulse line on the one hand either with the amount comparator or with the multiplier and on the other hand with a device for the delivery of corresponding time periods Pulse-connected dividing device for determining the time gradient the reduction in consumer power after the end of the period with practical constant value of the same, each via a pulse line with a gradient specification and -comparing means with one from the time of the end of the period with practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or Switch-off device, preferably with at least the switch-off device one Time span measuring device for determining the length of the time span with practical constant value of the consumer power, is connected, the or each of the target value generating device (s) via an input line on the one hand with the detector device and on the other hand with the time span measuring device directly or via their time span specification and comparison device or with the dividing device directly or via its gradient specification and -Comparison device as well as in each case with the actuating command generator is connected or are. In terms of the agility of detecting the optimal value for the Reference variable from the length of the time span with practically constant consumer power and / or from the time gradient of the drop in consumer power the end of this period has the same advantages as with the with continuous influencing of the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator for the purpose of continuously changing the supply of heating or cooling power to the heat transfer medium located in the heating or cooling medium flow Embodiment of the invention. The last-described embodiment has the same effect also in comparison to the initial commissioning of the system more significant for the start-up of the same from, for example, their night-time operation in their working operation, because this so-called "start-up process" is practically repeated from day to day and in the event of a quick review and / or, if necessary, readjustment of the reference variable can lead to special energy savings.

Even in the manner described with a multi-way mixing device working heating or cooling systems can or can be assigned one or two Define reference values, whereby these also apply here as operational consumer power are denoting. For the Faiije a separate upper and lower limit the reference value assigned to the setpoint band (operational consumer power) here according to the corresponding subordinate inventive concept as such a reference value for the larger and the smaller target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power each an arbitrarily specified value of the consumer power (operational consumer power) selected, while heating systems working with a multi-way mixing device or cooling systems according to an alternative subordinate inventive idea is possible as a common reference value for the bigger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power an arbitrary to choose the specified value of the consumer power (operational consumer power). The associated device-related aspect of the invention does justice to this in that that the or each of the target value formation device (s) each one with this or this level indicator connected via a pulse line each before or is downstream, by means of which as a reference value for the larger and for the smaller sSet value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case an arbitrary selected value of the consumer power can be specified. It, here are the ones the same advantages as these in connection with the corresponding versions of the invention with continuously operating heat or

Chillers are already explained.

The same also applies to the quick determination of the reference variable (s) the first commissioning of the 'system ("maiden voyage") or the daily repeating Start-up process also for heating or heating systems that work with multi-way mixing devices Cooling Systems. The relevant subordinate inventive concept provides for the former case before that when starting the procedure for heating or for cooling with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or

Chiller from the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power, as maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and each time one Reference value for the larger and for the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint is a fraction this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and a comparatively smaller fraction as a reference value for the smaller setpoint value this maximum possible Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) respectively.

at for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two Setpoints a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power), preferably one in the range between about 0.4 to 0.8 times this Value, is selected, while for the latter case in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator to the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and with one reference value for the larger and one for the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and a comparatively smaller fraction as a reference value for the smaller setpoint value this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably one in the range between approximately 0.4 to 0.8 times the same value, is selected will. With regard to the resulting advantages, refer to the explanations of the with continuously operated heat or cold generator working corresponding References are made.

Even with embodiments of the invention with a multi-way mixing device there are those in connection with heating or cooling systems with continuously operated Heat or cold generator already described Executions with extremely quick determination of the reference variable (s) for the limit (s) of the target value range the fluctuation range of the consumer power from the length of the period of time during whose consumer power remains at a practically constant value, and / or the gradient of the decrease in consumption, also after the end of this period of time or with a change in the consumer power level forming the reference variable according to the length of this period of time and / or the extent of this gradient, where in the former case when the method is started up for heating operation or for Cooling mode or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling after heating, in each case with the heating or coolant flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the length of the period of time during which for the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) occurs with a practically constant value, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value de, consumer performance for the first time a decrease in the same occurs and with one reference value each for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a correspondingly greater length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the temporal Change in the consumer power of greater and correspondingly smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure of the change in consumer power over time, small fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and as a smaller Setpoint is a comparatively smaller fraction of the compared to this fraction maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or at for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as such a according to the greater length of this time span and / or Smaller measure of the change in consumer power over time, large fraction of maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumption, output) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and correspondingly smaller Length of this time span and / or a greater degree of the change in consumer power over time small fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) is selected, and in the latter case when commissioning the method for heating operation or for Cooling mode or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating, in each case with the heating or

Coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the length of the period of time during which the consumer power is initially considered to be maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as a maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) occurs with a practically constant value, and / or the change in this consumer performance over time after the point in time after this period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a reduction in the same occurs for the first time, determined and according to the measure the length of this period of time and / or the extent to which the consumer changes over time power the reference variable (s) for the larger and the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of consumer power are changed or; will, preferably by having one reference value for the larger and one for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to the greater length of this period and / or a smaller measure of the temporal change in consumer power is the reference variable for the larger setpoint by a smaller amount and the reference variable for the smaller setpoint by one compared to this amount relatively larger amount and according to the smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure the change in consumer power over time is the reference value for the larger one Setpoint by a larger amount and the reference variable for the smaller setpoint by an amount that is relatively lower than this amount or

at for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range the consumer power common reference value according to the greater length of this period and / or to a lesser extent the temporal change in consumer power this common Reference value by a smaller amount and according to the shorter length of this period and / or a larger measure of the temporal change in consumer power this reference value be or will be reduced by a larger amount. The device sees Invention for this purpose that the control device has a setpoint selection device one via a pulse line to the power comparison device for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device to determine the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range Detector device connected to their fluctuation range for determining the in the course the commissioning of the device for heating mode or for cooling mode, respectively with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, this Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up a cooling or in the course of the cooling operation during cooling after heating in each case with the heating or cooling medium flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of insol ) eisteln mass flow to total 1.mass flow () m hestenden Organ of the multi-way mixing device as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this Consumer performance for the first time a decrease in the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and one or one each via an impulse line with this connected adjustable ratio giving device as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned target value formation device of the target value selection device and on the other hand connected to the assigned soil value transmitter or the setpoint transmitters Device for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of a Initial setting or a change to a set value of the assigned Upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power to a fraction of this maximum in both heating and cooling mode possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrary selectable value or t; ie via an impulse line with the multiplexing device or with one. in turn via an impulse line with the power comparator connected instantaneous value deviation storage device connected amount comparison device to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer 'performance by determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power plus one over one Impulse line with the detector device connected to the time span measuring device to determine the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via an input line and a switch-on and a switch-off device and / or one each over a pulse line on the one hand either with the amount comparison facility or with the multiplying device and on the other hand with a device for Output of time periods corresponding pulses connected to the dividing device Determination of the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power End of the period with practically constant value of the same, each over an impulse line with a gradient specification and comparison device and one at the time of the end of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or switch-off device, preferably with at least the switch-off device of a time span measuring device to determine the length the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power is, and in all cases one or one each via an impulse line with the or one of the in turn via an impulse line with the or one of the Target value formation device (s) connected to level display device (s) Device for the automatic adjustment of the assigned level indicator device in the sense of one of the determined value of the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (Anfahrverbrauch'lei stung) and / or the length of the period of time with a practically constant Value of the consumer power and / or the time gradient of the reduction of consumer power after the end of this period of time with a practically constant Value of the consumer power-dependent increase or decrease in the reference value for the upper and / or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the respective fraction serving the consumer power (operational consumer power) the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or has maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power). Also regarding of the other advantages it can be stated that these are also in the same way set here, as for with continuously operated heating resp.

Cooling systems working heating or cooling systems have already been described.

Furthermore, those related to heating or cooling systems with continuously operated heating or

Cold generator designs already described analogous with multi-way mixing device working embodiments of the invention compliant, namely in each case one Reference value for the larger and for the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of consumer performance by changing the position of the ratio of from Heat or cold generator fed mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining organ of the multi-way mixing device of this mass flow ratio 5 is reduced if one of the by a fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power increased reference value for this larger setpoint corresponding Value exceeded or one of the fluctuation range by the remainder of the greater target value the consumer 'power reduced reference value for this larger setpoint corresponding Value is fallen below, and is increased if during a predetermined Duration of the fluctuation range by a fraction of the smaller nominal value the consumer power increased reference value for this smaller setpoint ' corresponding value not exceeded and one of the remainder of the smaller Setpoint value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value the value does not fall below the corresponding value for this smaller setpoint, and in a further expedient embodiment of this subordinate inventive concept after a change in the ratio of the heat resp.

Cooling generator fed in mass flow to total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or a change in the position of this effect Organ of the multi-way mixing device (Rege'lvorgang) as new reference values for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power each in the ratio of immediately afterwards or after a predetermined one Period of time setting consumer power to the previous consumer power reduced or increased reference values for the larger and for the smaller Values corresponding to the setpoint can be selected, whereas with common centric lying reference value for the upper and lower limit of the Setpoint band by changing the position of the ratio of the heat respectively.

Cooling generator fed in mass flow to total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining organ of the multi-way mixing device this Mass flow ratio is reduced when one of the by half of the larger setpoint The reference value increased corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power Value exceeded or one of the fluctuation range by half of the larger setpoint value The value corresponding to the lower reference value for the consumer power has fallen below is, and is increased if during a predetermined period of time one of the half of the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power The value corresponding to the increased reference value is not exceeded and one of the Half of the smaller target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced Reference value corresponding value is not fallen below, and for common, however tangential to the upper limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power as well as to determine the lower limit of this Solwert band Fluctuation range in the form of a corresponding consumer performance level by changing the position of the ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed in determines the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Organ of the multi-way mixing device this mass flow ratio is reduced, if one of the reference variable or one of the reference variable increased by the larger setpoint corresponding value exceeded or one of the values reduced by the larger setpoint The reference value or a value corresponding to this is fallen short of, and is increased if one of the reference values for a predetermined period of time or a value corresponding to the reference value reduced by the smaller setpoint not exceeded and one of the reference value reduced by the smaller setpoint or a value corresponding to this itself is not fallen below.

Even with one from the heat or cold generator side, even discontinuously driven, but over continuous operation of a multi-way mixing device It is the same as with continuous heating or cooling systems Supply of the operating energy to the heat or cold generator working versions of the invention not only possible, but downright expedient if according to another subordinate inventive idea after a change in the ratio of the The mass flow fed in by the heat or cold generator to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or a change in the position of this effect Organ of the multi-way mixing device (control process) which occurs immediately afterwards or after a predetermined period of time setting consumer power as a new one Reference value for the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value selected the same will. This also results in a type of self-learning process for the reference variable of the control method according to the invention. In cases where this is out some reasons not specific to the external and especially internal plant-specific and / or based on climatic zones and / or location and / or thermal insulation or the like, the consumer's own and / or the user-related properties of each heating or cooling system can be coordinated from the outset, is also as with the continuous supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator and with the same in connection with one over one in continuous operation working heat resp.

Cold generator operated heating or cooling system described Advantages of an automatic system that is independent of any pre-setting and / or adjustment by the heating engineer via a simple, fast and convenient Adjustment of a company size that enables quick access in the form of a suitable one Change in the ratio of the supply branch on the heating or cooling side the multi-way mixing device fed mass flow to the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium or a suitable change in the position of this mass flow ratio determining organ of the same generates the optimal reference variable.

For the procedural implementation of all of these with procedural and / or implementation-technical self-learning automatic working variants the same applies to versions of the working with a multi-way mixing device Invention regardless of how the size (s) for the limits of the target value band the fluctuation range of consumer power will be or will continue to be Proven to be useful if the upper and / or lower limit of the Setpoint band value corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power the same is changed in each case according to the change in its reference value by it increases when its reference size is increased and when its reference size is reduced is decreased. In terms of device technology, it can be expediently provided for this purpose that the control device is connected to the or each of the level indicator device (s) connected feedback device for feedback des as a reference value for the upper and / or lower limit of the setpoint range the fluctuation range of the consumer power serving the value of the same, each via a pulse line either with the or one of the facility (s) for the automatic activation of one of the So'llwert educational institutions or via an impulse line on the one hand with the resp.

each to one of the So'l'lwert educational institutions and the other is connected to the or one of the respectively assigned setpoint generators.

By introduction made in perfection of the invention the operational consumer power as a reference value for the upper and / or lower The limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power succeeds it also works with a multi-way mixing device embodiments of the invention, no longer just two dimensions in the form of one of the upper and one of the lower limit of this Setpoint band corresponding value of the fluctuation range in the course of time constantly having to check for their admissibility, which in principle can only be done through constant Observation of the consumer performance in the sense of monitoring it succeeds, but instead, the consumer power as a function of time in terms of value to four or query three limit values, which means that everyone has a corresponding self-learning behavior directed procedural as well as device-related variants of the invention also in the case of versions of the same working with a multi-way mixing device the solution of the underlying task in terms of implementation to the realization a four- or three-point controller can be reduced. The implementation-wise just like the procedural advantages are not least in the itself resulting possibility for various simplifications and corresponding reductions the cost price of a device containing the invention with a multi-way mixing device as well as the operating costs of the same, in particular with regard to the most extensive Avoidance of energy losses and thus overall excellent economic efficiency.

Despite the advantages of the control technology solution that cannot be overlooked Task without considering the time of the reference variable for regardless of a 'continuous or discontinuously operated heat or cold generator, the heating or cooling capacity via a corresponding adjustable multi-way mixing device continuously in The heating or cooling medium supplying the heating or coolant flow

Cooling systems a corresponding solution in an elegant. And universal Way to be able to also take into account the time behavior of the reference variable, is a subordinate objective in order to perfect the invention. It is achieved according to a subordinate concept of the invention in that for each result of a plurality of determinations of consumer performance the difference between him and the previous result of this plurality of provisions of the Consumer power determined as a fluctuation of the same amount and when it occurs a predetermined number of monotonically increasing results of a plurality of Determination of the fluctuation in consumer power, preferably with excess the upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power by changing the position of the ratio of the heat or cold generator supplied mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining Organ of the multi-way mixing device reduces this mass flow ratio and when a predetermined number of monotonically decreasing or practically constant numbers occurs Results of a plurality of determinations of the variation in consumer performance with falling below the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer performance by changing the position of the ratio of the Heat or cold generator fed mass flow to the total mass flow of the The heat transfer medium determining organ of the multi-way mixing device this mass flow ratio is enlarged.

On the device side, the invention is then perfected for this purpose provided that the control device either one via a pulse line with the Amount comparison device connected to the multiplier for determining the Difference between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power or one connected to the power comparison device via an impulse line Current value deviation storage device for storing the differences between in each case has the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power, with the amount comparison device or the instantaneous value deviation storage device each via an impulse line with a tendency comparison device for determination the tendency to change the differences between the last and the penultimate Instantaneous value of the consumer power is connected, which in turn over each an impulse line on the one hand with a number presetting device for arbitrary Specification of a triggering threshold for the actuation of the command transmitter Number of such differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value the consumer performance and, on the other hand, a counter for these differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power the activating device and with a position indicator for the feedback of the Is connected to the operating state of the steep command.

Obviously, the measure brings a so-called "scanner", so an amount comparison device for determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power or an instantaneous value deviation storage device to store the differences between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power in connection with a trend comparison device to determine the tendency of the change in the differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power with corresponding peripheral Provide information feed devices, even with a multi-way mixing device Working embodiments of the invention have a superior aspect by adding namely through this inventive development of both the method and the the device according to the invention already from the course of the PMeß "results certain tendencies to be derived and actuating commands to be triggered when and although the values of the fluctuation range of the consumer power determined as measurement results to have by no means passed one or the other limit of their target value range to need.

The invention is also distinguished from the prior art from the fact that the user of the same for the first time the opportunity to Hand is given, with one and the same control device according to the invention according to his own choice and determination to accept different modes of operation to him To be able to set times by for comfort mode, in which for at least one One room to be tempered in comparison to the other to be tempered Room or rooms to maintain comparatively particularly high or low room temperatures is, the larger setpoint corresponds to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a large fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.25 to 0.5 times the same, and the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of the consumer 'performance according to one comparatively smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.4 to 0.6 times this large fraction, and / or for normal operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same room temperature of for a good feeling of comfort at a sufficient height is to be maintained, the larger one Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to an average Fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.1 to 0.25 times the same, and the smaller target value of Fluctuation range of consumer power corresponding to a comparatively smaller one Fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.3 to 0.4 times this average fraction, and / or for night reduction or economy mode, where all rooms to be tempered have approximately the same room temperature of sufficient height for people, animals or goods to stay in is, the larger setpoint corresponds to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a comparatively small fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.05 to 0.1 times this, and the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to a comparative smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.2 to 0.3 times this small fraction, and / or especially for heating of rooms for frost protection, in which for all rooms to be heated only a freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or this leading pipe system preventing room temperature is maintained larger setpoint the fluctuation range of consumer power with only a slight difference to the smaller setpoint of the consumer power, preferably practically equal to this, and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to a value close to the vanishing value of this fluctuation range is chosen.

Correspondingly, in terms of device technology, the control device can be a Storage device in which at least two, preferably more, preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the target value range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power, such as for comfort, normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode are stored, and one connected to this via at least one pulse line Switching device to switch off the effect of and switch on the effect have another of these preferred pairings, each having a pulse line with at least one of the existing target value formation facilities for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power or with the or at least one of the possibly existing program storage device (s) for influencing the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power or with at least one adjustment device that may be present for this or with at least one setpoint generator is connected. Expediently, in the storage device the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the nominal value band of the fluctuation range of consumer power with increasing values of consumer power preferably proportionally increasing difference and / or ratio- 'of respective upper and lower limit of the fluctuation range of the consumer power be saved. This possibility of choosing the bands gives the user the Invention or the operator of the heating or cooling system equipped with this given the opportunity to use this on the one hand with locally differently distributed heat or to drive cold loads, for example in heating mode when using the comfort band, which he does not need to use throughout the year, but only after Desire or need, but at the same time a special economy despite keeping it open all Possibilities for the maintenance of practically any high room temperature in part of the rooms to be heated can achieve that he. at times lower heat demand a more economical operation corresponding setpoint range, for example, a normal or spar band, which can determine the control mode all other rooms with comparatively much lower heat loads or room temperatures to be served. The same naturally also applies to cooling mode. It lies the particular economy in the fact that not always with the greatest load peak must be driven, but you have to be for the times of lower heat or

Cold load, such as in heating mode, for example seasonal conditionally in summer operation and / or user-related with night reduction f with a cheaper one Setpoint band can satisfy the fluctuation range of consumer power. This is not possible with conventional control types. Here must be for a particular one Occurring need only for a limited period of time for the whole year or even throughout the year Sufficient heating or cooling capacity is available throughout the day, this means that in the times without this need it was very uneconomical is, or the operator of such a heating or cooling system must for each case of need constantly change its heating curve.

The invention thus provides the possibility at any time as desired of an operating mode with maintenance of an extremely high or high temperature during heating operation. in cooling mode, extremely low temperature in a sub-area that corresponds to the relevant Heating or cooling system to a different operating mode with Lower heating mode or higher required room temperature for cooling mode in the relevant part of the area to be operated with the heating or cooling system To be able to switch rooms, which of course has the advantageous consequence that with such Operating mode switchover in this direction, the heat losses to be absorbed both by heat or cold dissipation and by heat or cold radiation (Heat radiation) become less, according to the invention neither the number of such switching operations nor a limit is set to the type of switchover, namely by this switchover from one operating mode to the other and back again can also be carried out continuously can.

Even finer differentiation options for the user of the Heating or cooling system according to the invention along with freely selectable modes of operation the possibility of even greater energy savings with each of the same and a finer one Adjustability, for example, by the user arises when in further expedient further development of the invention, the fluctuation in consumer power in each case for a predetermined period of time for deviation below their smaller setpoint is monitored. In terms of device technology, it can be expediently provided for this purpose that the control device connects to the fluctuation comparison device via an impulse line to determine the deviation of the consumer power below the lower limit of the Having a timing device associated with the setpoint band of its fluctuation range, by means of which the time duration for the period to be undertaken by the fluctuation comparison device Monitoring of the deviation of the consumer power below the lower limit of the setpoint band its fluctuation range is predeterminable.

This still makes it possible to use the predetermined period of time Monitoring in normal operation longer than that of monitoring in comfort operation or the predetermined duration of the monitoring in night reduction or economy mode longer than that of the monitoring in normal mode and in comfort mode or the the predetermined period of time for monitoring in frost protection mode is longer than that of the Monitoring in night reduction or economy mode and in normal mode as well to be selected in comfort mode. For this purpose, the timing device of the Control device have a time span program memory in which for preferred Pairings of upper and lower limits of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power, such as for comfort, normal Savings , Night reduction or frost protection mode, different values of the length of the Time period for monitoring the deviation of the consumer power below the lower one Limit of the setpoint band of their fluctuation range are stored, the stored Period of time for monitoring normal operation longer than that for monitoring Comfort operation and the stored duration of the monitoring for night reduction or economy mode longer than that of the monitoring in normal mode and in comfort mode and the stored duration of the monitoring in frost protection mode longer than that of the 'monitoring in night reduction or economy mode and in normal mode and is selected in comfort mode.

In this way one gains in addition to the possibilities already described the timely adjustment of the fluctuation range of the consumer power of the individual operating modes also have a wider range of adjustable parameters in the form of the duration of the deviation in the fluctuation range of the consumer power of their lower limit of the target value band corresponding to the smaller target value.

The fact that the invention basically already has a provision the screwing performance itself from suitable measured values, namely the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and the total mass flow, is given, a further subordinate inventive idea makes itself one another purpose, namely to use in particular in heating systems under certain Under certain circumstances, energy savings can even be achieved on a serious scale. In particular Experience has shown that in such systems it often happens that the user the same absent from the rooms to be heated with the system for longer periods of time is, for example because of vacation or the like. Through suitable control-side Measures can be particularly energetic during such absences and thus save costs, if you could ensure that a frost protection operation with accordingly to any change in, for example, external climatic conditions reacting sufficient, but kept to a minimum supply of Heat output to the heating flow is guaranteed. This task is equally important for heating systems with in discontinuous operation as with in continuous Operating heat generator as well as regardless of the type of operation the same with a continuous supply of heat output to the heating flow effecting multi-way mixing device. Although these problems are much more common and with adverse consequences to be expected in heating systems to a greater extent are likely to pose, they are by no means excluded even with cooling systems, if it is with these applies, a cooling operation with a just enough to maintain a Cooling good is sufficient, but possibly significantly above normal cooling operation to maintain a lying temperature.

For embodiments of the invention with a change in the heating system or coolant flow located heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling power by switching the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator on and off this can expediently be achieved by the ratio of the duration of the feed of operating energy to the heat or cold generator for the duration of the interruption of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator in the range between about 1 to 5 up to 1 in 20 is chosen. For this automatic time-out adjustment to a regular one One-time is used for those with heat or Cold generator-operated designs of the invention are provided on the device side, that the control device is connected to the control command generator via a pulse line Timing device with adjustable time span program memory for the example In frost protection mode, the desired duration of the interruption of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, by means of which the control command transmitter in the sense compliance with a ratio of the duration of the supply of operating energy to Heat or cold generator for the duration of the exposure in the Range between about 1 to 5 to 1 to 20 can be actuated, preferably the Display device via an impulse line with a position display device for feedback of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator and / or the suspension of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator corresponding operating state of the command transmitter is connected.

Which deals with embodiments of the invention with a change in the im Heating or coolant flow 'located heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling capacity through continuous change in the supply of operating energy alternative to this subordinate inventive concept that deals with the heat or cold generator is characterized in that the heat or cold generator operating energy in for maintaining one in the range between about 0.2 to 0.05 times the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or the operational consumer power or the reference value for their permissible range of fluctuation this consumer power is supplied in sufficient measure. For this use a Residual feed capacity is in those with working in continuous operation Heat or cold generator operated embodiments of the invention on the device side provided that the control device is connected to the control command generator via a pulse line connected power limiting device with adjustable power program memory for the degree of heat or heat required, for example in frost protection mode. Has operating energy to be supplied to the cold generator, by means of which the control command generator in the sense of maintaining one in the range between about 0.2 to 0.05 times the start-up consumer power or the start-up consumer power or the Business consumer power or the reference value for the permissible fluctuation range this consumer power lying A fraction of the same can be actuated is, wherein preferably the power limiting device for an impulse line with a position indicator for reporting back the operating status of the Command transmitter is connected.

For this use of a remaining supply capacity with a multi-way mixing device working embodiments of the invention sees the corresponding alternative of this subordinate concept of the invention that the heating or coolant flow Heat transfer medium in one for maintaining one in the range between about 0.2 to 0.05 times the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or the operational consumer power or the reference value for their permissible range of fluctuation this consumer power sufficient ratio of the heat or cold generator Her supplied mass flow is supplied to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium will.

In terms of device technology, it can advantageously be provided for this purpose that the control device is connected to the actuating command generator via an impulse line Mass flow limitation device with adjustable mass flow programmer for in the heating or coolant that is desired, for example, in frost protection mode Has flow to be fed mass flow of the heat transfer medium, by means of which the command transmitter in the sense of maintaining one for maintaining one in the range between approximately 0.2 to 0.05 times the commissioning consumer power or the start-up consumer power or the operational consumer power or the Reference value for the permissible fluctuation range of this consumer power A fraction of the same sufficient ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed in to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium can be actuated is, wherein the mass flow limiting device is preferably via an impulse line with a position indicator for reporting back the operating status of the Command transmitter is connected.

This subordinate inventive concept is summarized for all variants determine that the use of the duration in itself and in particular in its Information-based processing, for example, as a time relationship, such as for versions with a heat or cold generator operating in discontinuous operation, it for the first time and also in a surprisingly simple and inexpensive way enables the pursued purpose of carrying out a frost protection operation that secures the system with a minimum of energy expenditure to ensure, being for the executions with continuously operating heat or

Cold generator or with multi-way mixing device is still advantageous in addition, you can adjust the power directly.

As already explained, over the course of the operating time of a heating system or cooling system that occur regularly at certain times, such as during the daily start-up process of the system, determined consumer power from the original maximum possible value, namely the commissioning consumer power, at all times lower values drifts. As long as this does not lead to low values in the heating or coolant flow fed in heat or

Leads refrigeration due to the inventive regulation of the Corresponds to consumer power and is determined as such, you need in itself no fear of the operability of the heating or cooling system to cherish. However, such a drift would depend on how the process is conducted according to the invention or design of the device in question, if you click on it would not respond in an appropriate manner, not to rule out the possibility of this going up Can lead to energy losses. For such a case it would be the upper one and / or lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power can be chosen as a reference variable too large, so that the system with its permissible fluctuations over periods of time, in which due the current account situation already indicated more frequent control interventions would be. To counter this survival, see another subordinate inventive idea before, that when starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio from the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device which determines the total mass flow the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Feeding position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) determined and when a Deviation of the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) the specified Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a function of the Ratio of maximum to maximum possible consumer power is changed.

In terms of device technology, it can advantageously be provided for this purpose that the control device a setpoint selection device with either one or one each on the one hand, preferably in each case via a measured value line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via a Impulse line with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and, on the other hand, preferably Via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the multiplier for the continuous determination of Detector device connected to the determination of instantaneous values of the consumer power that during the commissioning of the device for heating or cooling at full load or at the heating or

Coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of Heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device determining the total mass flow as maixmal possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and / or during heating operation after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation during cooling after heating at full load or at the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time to after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and a measured value storage device for the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via a respective measured value line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or ub2r a Impulse line with the device for determining the difference between measured values at the same time these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and preferably in each case Via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the multiplier or a comparison device connected to the detector device for determination of deviations in the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and a ratio forming device connected to this via an impulse line has, which each have a pulse line with at least one of the target value formation devices for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power or with the or at least one of the program storage device (s) for influencing the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power or with at least one adjustment device for this or with at least one Connected setpoint generator and by means of which the relevant setpoint formation device or program storage device or adjusting device or the relevant setpoint generator in the sense of a change in the specified target value range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power depending on the ratio of maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) to the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) is adjustable.

In addition, such a drift can expediently also be used in other ways be exploited by in further development of the invention according to another subordinate thoughts of the same when commissioning the method for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or

in the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) and in heating mode for heating up after a Cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full load or in the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow the consumer power gls maximum consumer power (start-up consumers stung) and when a predetermined deviation occurs, the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) this irregularity optically and / or acoustically is made perceptible. For this purpose, at least one reporting device can expediently for the delivery of optically and / or acoustically perceptible information intended be, the control device being a setpoint selection device with one or each one either on the one hand, preferably in each case via a measured value ventilation with the Measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference at the same time Measured values of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and, on the other hand, preferably Via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium or via an impulse line hit the multiplier for the continuous determination of Instantaneous values of the consumer power connected power detector device to determine the heating operation during commissioning of the device or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer line, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease of the same occurs, occurring consumer power and a measured value storage device for the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) as well as one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via each one Measurement line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and in each case preferably via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line connected to the multiplier device or to the power detector device Comparison device to determine deviations in the maximum consumption power (Start-up consumer power) of the maximum possible consumer power (start-up consumer power) having a limit detector device, each via a pulse line is connected to the reporting device (s) and by means of which they are used to Visualization of the exceeding or falling below a predetermined value an irregularity corresponding to such a deviation can be activated. The advantage of this inventive concept is that it is a very simple Detection information about whether or that a defect is possible in the energy supply train of the heat resp.

There is a cold generator to the heat transfer medium, depending on the design of the heat or cold generator, for example, as a burner defect or as an impairment the energy supply to the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger of the heat or cold generator on the flue gas and / or the heat transfer medium side, for example in the form of a Sooting or calcification of this heat exchanger represents. -.

Also a further specified detection of operational or system errors is possible in a further expedient development of the invention, if at start-up of the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation with all throttle devices fully open the total mass flow as the maximum possible total mass flow (commissioning total mass flow) and in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling after heating with all throttle devices of the fully open Total mass flow as maximum total mass flow (start-up total mass flow) determined and when a predetermined deviation of the maximum total mass flow occurs (Total start-up mass flow) of the maximum possible total mass flow (total commissioning mass flow) this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. Therefor can expediently be provided on the device side that at least one reporting device provided for the delivery of optically and / or acoustically perceptible information is and that the control device is a setpoint selection device with one or each one preferably via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow connected mass flow detector device to determine the in the course of commissioning the device for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or for the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as the maximum possible total mass flow (total commissioning mass flow) to the Point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring total mass flow and / or in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or in the course of, cooling operation when cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as maximum total mass flow (start-up total mass flow) at the point in time at which for the first time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a reduction in the same occurs, the total mass flow occurring and a measured value storage device for the maximum possible total mass flow (total commissioning mass flow) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow or over a Pulse line connected to the mass flow detector device mass flow comparison device to determine deviations from the maximum total mass flow (start-up total mass flow) of the maximum possible total mass flow (total commissioning mass flow) with a Has boundary detector device, which is connected to the or via a pulse line. is connected to the reporting device (s) and by means of which these are perceptible one of exceeding or falling below a predetermined value of such a deviation corresponding irregularity can be activated. This particular embodiment the invention has the specific advantage that it is practical in terms of implementation does not cause any difficulties because for the measurements of the relevant mass flow values the measuring device is already available and properly connected, on the part of the control device, the processing of the mass flow measured values also does not present any difficulties for the desired detection information. This information with regard to these mass flow values allows unambiguous Statements about the overall hydraulics of the heating or cooling system, especially in With regard to the condition of the circulation pump and the one that carries the heat transfer medium Piping system including the associated heat exchangers and radiators or Cooling devices in each case on their heat transfer medium side, specifically this -in particular with regard to calcification and / or defective throttle devices or leaks to the heat transfer medium.

Another possibility for refining the selection results if, according to another subordinate inventive concept, when commissioning the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or for the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible Temperature difference (start-up temperature difference) and in heating mode for Heating up after cooling down or, in cooling mode, for cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum Temperature difference (starting temperature difference) is determined and when a predetermined deviation of the minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. On the device side can for this purpose expediently at least one signaling device for outputting an optical and / or acoustically perceptible information can be provided, the control device a setpoint selection device with one or one each, preferably via a measured value line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference Simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature connected temperature difference detector device to determine the heating operation during commissioning of the device or for cooling operation at full load or both heating and coolant supply full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device as the minimum possible difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium (commissioning temperature difference) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and / or the in the course of the Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of the cooling operation when cooling down after heating at full load'bzw. with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and a measured value storage device for the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via each a measured value line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature or above a pulse line connected to the temperature difference detector means for comparison to determine deviations in the minimum difference between flow and return temperatures (Approach temperature difference) from the minimum possible difference between flow and Return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) with a limit detector device has, which are connected to the signaling device (s) via a respective impulse line is connected and by means of which these are used to make perceptible a or falling below a predetermined value corresponding to such a deviation Irregularity can be activated or

are. The detection information regarding the difference between the flow and the return temperature of the heat transfer medium can namely with knowledge of the mass flow in the system and / or the consumer performance clearly a statement about whether If the consumer power drifts away, it is a defect on the Flue gas side or on the heat transfer medium side of the heat exchanger of the heat or cold generator acts as the cause for this. These Type of Detection is always of particular importance when it is due to the peculiarities the relevant system installation is not possible, the flue gas temperature of a to measure fossil fuel-fired heat or cold generators. To be highlighted is in this context that under a fossil fuel-fired thermal or cold generator here also a compression heat pump or a Kompresslonskältemaschlne with a gas or diesel engine driven compressor or a sorption heat pump or sorption chiller is to be understood. Is it one with a Electro-compression heat pump or electro-compression refrigeration machine System, then this subordinate inventive concept in any case provides the information that a drop in performance of the compressor or the entire heat or cold generator heat pump or refrigeration machine system is present, provided that the measurement of the Total mass flow shows no complementary drift.

Even more meaningful than the detection of system defects, which is normally done Except for extreme cases, this does not have an immediate and serious energy loss, is the possibility of being unintentional and accordingly undesirable by the consumer Energy losses, such as long-term losses through heat or

Cooling power output, for example in a heating or even cooling system through open windows. For this one does not see an obvious one Further development of the invention for with a change in the heating or coolant supply heat or cooling capacity supplied to the heat transfer medium by means of and switching off the supply of operating energy to the heat or

Cold generator working embodiments of the invention before that in the absence a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the Setpoint band of their fluctuation range at all and / or in the absence of a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range this irregularity beyond its range of fluctuation within a specified period of time made visually and / or acoustically perceptible will. Therefor can expediently on the device side at least one reporting device for issuing a visually and / or acoustically perceptible information can be provided, which via a Impulse line to a triggering device, which in turn has an impulse line with the performance comparison device of the control device to determine the deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower Limit the setpoint range of its fluctuation range and / or with a measured value storage device is connected to this power comparator via an impulse line and / or with one each via a measured value line to the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or to a via an impulse line with the multiplier for determination time control device connected to instantaneous values of the consumer power to carry out a plurality of identical measurements, each of the lead and Return temperature and total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of the determination of instantaneous values of the consumer power and / or a plurality of determining the difference between the last determined instantaneous value of the Consumer power and the previous value of the same and / or for recording and / or to retrieve one or more values of the determined difference between these Instantaneous values. the consumer power or with one each via impulse lines to the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures and for the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line to the Multiplier for determining instantaneous values of consumer power connected time control device for receiving and / or outputting a determined Instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of those supplied by the multiplier Instantaneous values of the consumer power connected during a predetermined period of time is connected and from this in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation of the Consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint band their fluctuation range at all and / or in the absence of a deviation of the Fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint band of their Fluctuation range within a specified period of time to make it perceptible this irregularity can be activated.

For changing the one in the heating or coolant flow Heat or cooling capacity supplied to the heat transfer medium through continuous change the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator sees the corresponding Alternative of this subordinate inventive concept that in the absence of one Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range in addition, within a specified period of time, the heat or

Operating energy supplied to the refrigeration generator by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a predetermined value is sufficient increased and in the further absence of a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power beyond the upper limit of the target value band within their fluctuation range a further predetermined period of time, preferably in the case of a persistent lack of a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range within a further specified period of time despite a further increase in the supply of operating energy to the heat or

Chiller by one for maintaining one by another predetermined value again increased consumer power sufficient measure this Irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. On the device side can for this purpose expediently at least one signaling device for outputting an optical and / or acoustically perceptible information can be provided via an impulse line to a release device, which in turn connects to the power comparison device via an impulse line the control device to determine the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or with a measured value storage device, which via an impulse line with this performance comparison device and / or with one each via a measured value line to the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures and for the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or to one via an impulse line with the multiplier to determine instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device for performing a plurality of simultaneous Measurements of flow and return temperature and total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of determinations of instantaneous values of the Consumer power and / or a plurality of determinations of the difference, respectively the last determined instantaneous value of the consumer power and the previous one Value of the same and / or for recording and / or for calling up one or more values the determined difference between these instantaneous values of the consumer power or with one each via impulse lines to the measuring devices for the flow and the return temperature and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or Via an impulse line to the multiplier to determine instantaneous values the consumer power connected time control device for recording and / or Output of a determined instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of instantaneous values of the consumer power supplied by the multiplier is connected for a predetermined period of time, as well as with an over an impulse line with one in turn via an impulse line with the one hand Performance comparison device and on the other hand connected to the control command generator preferably adjustable time program storage device for specifying a predetermined one Number of time periods of a given length during which after each increase the supply of operating energy for heating or

Cold generator by one for maintaining one by a predetermined one Value increased consumer power sufficient measure the deviation of the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper Limit of the setpoint band its fluctuation range can be determined, connected, connected and from this in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power the upper limit of the setpoint band of their fluctuation range beyond the control command generator in the sense of increasing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator to maintain a consumer power increased by a predetermined value sufficient measure can be actuated and in the further absence of a deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range in addition, within a further predetermined period of time, preferably with ongoing There is no deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint band of their fluctuation range within a repeated predetermined Time span despite a further increase in the supply of operating energy to the heating or cold generator by one for maintaining one by another predetermined Value again increased consumer power sufficient level through appropriate repeated actuation of the control command generator to make the signaling device (s) perceptible this irregularity can be activated.

And for versions that work with a multi-way mixing device the invention provides the corresponding alternative to this subordinate inventive concept before that in the absence of a deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper limit of the target value range beyond its range of fluctuation at all and / or in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper one Limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range beyond a given one Time span the ratio of the heat or cold generator to the heating or coolant flow fed in mass flow to the total mass flow or the Setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a predetermined value is sufficient increased and in the further absence of a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power about the upper limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range in addition, within a further predetermined period of time, preferably with ongoing There is no deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint band of their fluctuation range within a repeated predetermined Time span despite another increase in the ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed into the heating or coolant supply to the total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a further predetermined value this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. Device technology can for this purpose at least one signaling device for outputting an optical and / or acoustically perceptible information can be provided via an impulse line to a release device, which in turn connects to the power comparison device via an impulse line the control device to determine the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or with a measured value storage device, which via an impulse line with this performance comparison device and / or with one each via a measured value line to the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures and for the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or to one via an impulse line with the multiplier to determine instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device to carry out a plurality of simultaneous Measurements of flow and return temperature and total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of determinations of instantaneous values of the Consumer power and / or a plurality of determinations of the difference, respectively the last determined instantaneous value of the consumer power and the previous one Value of the same and / or for recording and / or for calling up one or more values the determined difference between these instantaneous values of the consumer power or with one each via impulse lines to the measuring devices for the Leader- and the return temperature and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line to the multiplier for determining Instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device Receipt and / or delivery of a determined instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of instantaneous values supplied by the multiplier device the consumer power is connected during a predetermined period of time, as well as furthermore with one via an impulse line with one in turn via an impulse line on the one hand with the performance comparison device and on the other hand with the control command generator connected, preferably adjustable, time program flow direction to the default a predetermined number of time periods of predetermined length, during which after respective increase in the ratio of the heat or cold generator in the Heating or coolant feed mass flow to the total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a predetermined value is sufficient the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the Setpoint band is also determinable in its range of fluctuation, connected, connected and from this in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power the control command generator beyond the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range in the sense of an increase in the ratio of the heat or cold generator in the heating or

Coolant flow fed in mass flow to total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a predetermined value is sufficient can be actuated and in the further absence of a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power beyond the upper limit of the target value band within their fluctuation range a further predetermined period of time, preferably in the case of a persistent lack of a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their range of fluctuation beyond a given again Period of time despite another increase in the ratio of the heat or cold generator in the heating or coolant feed mass flow to the total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a further predetermined value sufficient measure by correspondingly repeated actuation of the command transmitter the reporting device (s) can be activated to make this irregularity perceptible is or

are.

The paramount importance of the use specifically of the fluctuation range the consumer performance as in-house, i.e. out of the process, The reference variable obtained is particularly clear here in that the user the heating or

Cooling system in its behavior in particular with regard to the happening harmful energy consumption is involved. None whatsoever pronounced external, i.e. physical variable on the heat or cold load side, can be used as a reference variable be able to do such a thing mostly based on ignorance of the user and to detect unintentional malfunction of the system. When using the internally obtained reference variable in the form of the fluctuation range of the consumer performance however, this is possible at any time.

The observation that takes place over a predetermined period of time the relevant physical variable for determining the reference variable for irregularities allows in a very simple way a detection of such an undesired and possibly not even otherwise determined energy waste through an open window or some other unintentional release of energy. The detection process can be carried out with continuously operating heating or cooling systems with modulated control of the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator for example via a suitable burner control or with continuously operated mixer control are refined in such a way that such irregularities unambiguously from those based on external influencing variables, for example through climatic factors or weather-related changes to be returned to a heating system Energy losses can be differentiated. It has been shown that the thus achievable energy savings can be considerable and that, moreover, the time periods the detection is also set and / or adapted by the manufacturer or user can be, leading to a further fine-tuning in the sense of an energy-fair Performance leads.

Regardless of any choice of the reference variable for the inventive Regulation determining values of the fluctuation range of the consumer power can this is advantageously monitored in this way according to another subordinate inventive concept that it is ensured that no unnecessarily frequent control processes with the associated energy losses or too few or none are triggered. In terms of the method, this is achieved in that over a predetermined period of time the number of deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power that occur during operation above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or the number of changes occurring during operation in the form of recordings and / or termination or reductions and / or increases in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heater or coolant flow or the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium and measured according to the deviation of this number from a predetermined number of such deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power over the limit of the setpoint band or such changes in this heat or The cooling capacity supply or the setpoint of the flow temperature is the setpoint band the fluctuation range of the consumer power is changed. On the device side For this purpose, the control device can expediently have one, preferably one in each case Measurement line with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperature and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or with one over one Impulse line with the multiplier for determining instantaneous values of consumer performance connected timing device to Carrying out a number of simultaneous measurements of flow and return temperatures and total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of determinations of instantaneous values of the consumer power and / or a plurality of determinations the difference of the last determined instantaneous value of the consumer power and the previous value of the same and / or for recording and / or for retrieval one or more values of the determined difference between these instantaneous values of the Consumer power or one each via impulse lines with the measuring devices for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line to the multiplier for determination time control device connected to instantaneous values of the consumer power Receipt and / or delivery of a determined instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of instantaneous values supplied by the multiplier device the consumer power during a predetermined period of time, a deviation comparison device to determine the size and / or direction of any deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of consumer power, a counter for the deviations of the Fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range, -a program storage device for a predetermined number of im permissible during this predetermined period of time Deviations in the fluctuations in consumer power over the operation that occur upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and a detector device for determining a possible deviation from the Counting device determined number of approximately-occurred during this predetermined period of time Deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or lower the lower limit of the target value band of its fluctuation range from that by the Program storage device specified for this given Period of time permissible number of deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and one connected to at least one of the setpoint generators via an impulse line Device for automatically changing the target value band or at least one its limits as a function of this determined by the detector device Deviation in the number of deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power that have occurred above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range of the permissible number of the same.

A particular simplification of this procedure results from that when measuring a relative to the predetermined number of deviations of the fluctuation the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or the number of changes in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow or the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium. larger number of such deviations in the fluctuation of the consumer power or changes in the heating or cooling power supply or those occurring during operation Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power changed in the direction of increasing the difference between these two limits and when measuring a deviation from the specified number of fluctuations the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or the number of changes in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow respectively.

the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium lower number of such deviations of the fluctuation Consumer performance or changes this heat or cooling power supply or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium upper and / or lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power is changed in the direction of reducing the difference between these two limits. On the device side, the control device can expediently be a counting device for this purpose to determine the number of occurrences in operation during a given period of time Changes in the form of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or Increases in the supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or cooling medium heat transfer medium located in the flow or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium with counter for these changes, a program storage device for a predetermined number of such permissible during this predetermined period of time Changes and a detector device to determine any deviation the number of such predetermined ones determined by the counter of the counter Time span of any changes that have occurred from the program memory device predetermined number of such changes permissible for this predetermined period of time and one via a pulse line with at least one of the setpoint generators or the Device connected to setpoint generators for automatically changing the setpoint band respectively.

at least one of its limits depending on this by the Detector device determined deviation in the number of changes that have occurred of the permissible number of the same. Another advantageous version of this implementation is characterized by a through the facility for automatic change of the 'setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power when determining one compared to a predetermined number of deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range or one compared to a predetermined number of changes in the form of recordings and / or termination or reductions and / or increases in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow respectively. Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium are greater Number of such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium or such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in Meaning of an increase in the difference between the two limits of this target value band and when determining a number of such deviations compared to a predetermined number the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range or one compared to a predetermined one Number of such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or one in relation to it a predetermined number of such changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium lower number of such deviations of the fluctuation of the Consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range or such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or such changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of reducing the difference between the two limits of this target value band adjustable setpoint generator.

It has also been found that a particular advantage of Monitoring of the number of by the choice of the target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer power-related rule processes can be that'man the Can change the setpoint so that an optimum in terms of energy saving and system-friendly Operation can be realized. Another particular advantage is that thus also requirements on the part of energy supply companies, authorities, technical Monitoring association or the like with regard to the permissible number of control cycles, in particular 3 per hour z. B. for electro-compression heat pumps, without anyone further implementation effort already through the embodiment of the invention according to this subordinate inventive concept can be realized, which is not inconsiderable Savings in prime costs for the solution of this subordinate task device design to be used leads.

The sub-task on which the invention is based is the most extensive Another is dedicated to saving energy consumption for the first time through the invention possible inventive training, according to which for the beginning of a cooling and / or for the start of heating, a setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power with only a fraction of that for daytime operation Consumer power with the smallest possible difference between the upper and the lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power is specified with a temporal tolerance threshold. In terms of device, this can expediently be provided that the control device for the beginning of a cooling and / or for the start of heating to the minimum possible difference between Upper and lower limit of the target value range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power has set setpoint generator and a timing device by means of which during heating operation, cooling is accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or heating is delayed by a predetermined period of time or one in cooling mode Heating is accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or cooling is accelerated by a predetermined period of time can be initiated with a delay.

It can be seen that in a heating system, if according to the invention of daytime operation, as always this as comfort or normal or also 'economy' mode may be selected, to night operation from a setpoint band with a larger fluctuation range on such a very low fluctuation range as limits for this as a reference variable is switched for night setback operation, an energy saving is achieved according to the task results in night reduction mode. This can preferably be done via a timing device can be initiated and ended with a timer. In the course of the introduction, the Actual value of the fluctuation in consumer power, which is properly within both limits of its target value band or above the upper or also below the lower limit of the same may be on one of the setpoint band for night setback operation appropriate value. Is now through the specific therefor provided devices of the control device for the actual value of the fluctuation range the consumer power found that this, for example, has already been a period of time is falling before the programmed switchover time, it is as desirable to see if this fall on the corresponding to the night lowering operation Value could already be released and avoided that the heat generator once again pushes heat output into the pipe system carrying the heat transfer medium, although due to the individual operating conditions at this point in time, the Regulation actually had to take care of this. Here, according to this, is subordinate Inventive ideas intervened in such a way that the preprogrammed or by the operator the heating system individually selected switching point a time tolerance threshold is connected upstream, so that such unnecessary energy supply measures are already too The beginning of this time tolerance threshold can be avoided. The same applies of course even if to the programmed or individually by the operator of the system set time, for example, the morning of the coming day, the fluctuation range of the consumer power from its setpoint band for night-time reduction again a preprogrammed or individually programmed by the operator of the system the set daytime operation with the corresponding setpoint band as the reference variable is convicted. It can be of advantage here if the heating-up time due to a temporal used according to this subordinate concept of the invention Tolerance threshold compared to the preprogrammed or the device according to the invention the time specified by the operator is postponed. Even in such cases valuable energy savings result because it is based on the actual value monitoring the range of fluctuations in consumer power due to the invention of night reduction operation working heating system also according to the preprogrammed or operator side Set time to return to daytime operation then still have the option leave below for the temporal tolerance threshold downstream of this point in time Influence of the regulation for night reduction operation to remain when the actual value the fluctuation range the consumer power within the target value band for night setback operation in the direction of the upper limit, i.e. in the direction of Supply of higher heat output, moved to then within the for this switching process provided time tolerance threshold or after expiry of the same compulsory to be switched to daytime operation, which is now the supply of a corresponding means greater heat output to the pipe system leading to the heat transfer medium.

This can be similar, only with a considerably greater energy-saving effect subordinate idea of the invention can be used for cooling operation. While but during heating operation, cooling is accelerated by a predetermined period of time (Switch to night setback mode) and / or heating up by a predetermined one Delayed (switch back to daytime operation), is used in cooling operation warming up accelerated by a predetermined period of time (switch to night mode) and / or cooling is initiated delayed by a predetermined period of time (switch back on daytime operation). In all cases, however, this is subordinate to this Inventive concept depending on the respective control behavior of the relevant Heating or cooling system thus influence the preprogrammed or preset Changeover time taken from day mode to night setback mode and / or vice versa, that energy losses of heating or cooling energy are brought to a minimum in any case will. In this respect, too, an embodiment of the invention is subordinate to this Thoughts of the same provide a kind of self-learning function.

And finally, yet another subordinate is concerned Idea of the invention also with a subordinate task to the invention underlying overall task, namely without special additional investments and also without labor and dirt-intensive assembly effort for the operator a heating or

Cooling system as a consumer has an operating cost display at hand should be given. For this purpose, the invention provides that continually or at predetermined time intervals in the heating or coolant flow or -Return flow total mass flow of the heat transfer medium measured and if desired is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. Equally expedient and However, it can also be advantageous if, in addition, continuous or at predetermined time intervals from the measured values of the flow and return temperature determined difference value of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the measured value determined at the same time in the heating or coolant flow or Return flow total mass flow of the same a measured value of the in the heating or coolant flow fed in heat or cooling power formed and this if desired, is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible.

For both cases, one can expediently be preferred on the device side Via a measured value line with the measuring device for the total mass flow of the Device connected to the heat transfer medium for optical and / or acoustic display Measured values of the total mass flow obtained continuously or at predetermined time intervals and / or one via an impulse line with the device for determining the difference Simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium connected device for visual and / or acoustic display continuously or values obtained at predetermined time intervals of the difference between the lead and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line with the multiplier to determine instantaneous values of the consumer power connected device for the optical and / or acoustic display of continuously or measured values obtained at predetermined time intervals in the heating or Heat or coolant feed fed in

Cooling capacity corresponding results of the multiplier be provided.

It can be seen that this, in particular due to the fact that the necessary measuring devices for flow and return temperature of the The heat transfer medium and total mass flow are already present and the implementation no difficulties whatsoever for the additional accomplishment of these further subtasks automatically prepares, with the most simple and inexpensive means of the consumer can be informed about its heating or cooling consumption. This leads to, that the consumer can control and change his energy consciousness at any time, because he is constantly shown how much energy, especially because of his own self-selected setting of an operating mode is consumed. Making perceptible can be done in such a way that appropriate selection of appropriate display devices the consumption in kW / h and / or in currency / time unit, for example DM per Hour, day, month or year. The operator of the system is in particular conveyed about the possibility of being able to choose comfort, normal and economy mode, that comfort * has its price.

In addition, it has been found to be extremely useful when in further expedient development of the invention, the control device in two with each other related functional groups, one of which is the facilities for those Includes functions that usually do not or during the heating or cooling period are rarely changed and preferably in the vicinity of the heat or

Cold generator and / or any three or four-way mixer is arranged, while the other the facilities for the user adjustable Includes functions and arranged as a space switching station in convenient proximity of the user is. The advantages resulting from this, in particular with regard to the special Ease of use through the utmost convenience in handling the invention or the heating or cooling system equipped with this are obvious.

In summary, it can be stated that the invention is not just a first creates the possibility of heating or cooling systems with continuously depending on the choice or regardless of the supply of heating or cooling power in on-off operation the type and design of the heat or cold generator with the same equipment Funds with the corresponding advantages in terms of storage, cost price, Create and / or operate assembly costs etc., but also in all cases to be able to drive in a manner that was previously unattainable in terms of energy consumption, the rest of the regulation according to the invention in various ways itself also self-learning processes in the sense of an influence by the system operator can undergo independent automatic optimization. The favorable consequence of this is in particular also a particularly extensive avoidance of standstill losses the heat or cold generator and the other parts of the system and in particular the avoidance of frequent cycling in discontinuous systems, the regulation according to the invention makes it superfluous, simulations of individual or all rooms of the heating or cooling system in question according to the invention to be heated or to be cooled consumers or special dynamic Load calculations with ifil individual cases not known anyway and at most only laborious and time-consuming to determine heat conduction and transmission values, To make observations of cardinal directions, to consider climatic zones and the like.

In addition, reference should be made to the fact that if above or below Boilers are spoken of as heat generators, this term also as gas or Oil-fired instantaneous water heaters, so-called thermal baths or geysers, working devices also includes, in that this is fundamentally different from the devices commonly referred to as boilers only differ in that they generally have a lower amount of heat transfer medium work and accordingly have a smaller heat storage capacity.

Furthermore, here and in the following, the term "radiator" encompasses the whole generally any type of heating device that uses heat transfer medium is fed, regardless of their special training, for example as a radiator or convector or as a mixed form of both with or without fan for improving the heat output. Generally speaking, the term used is H radiator " seen from the heating system as its or one of its heat energy consumer (s) to understand, whereby it is just as little to the special design of the heat emission depends on the use of such a heating device called a "radiator" in the residential, commercial or industrial sector, for example, as an industrial hall air heater.

In the following the invention is based on some preferred embodiments, which are only shown schematically in the drawings, purely for example explained in more detail. 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention Embodiment heating system in single-line construction with divided into two functional groups Control device, FIG. 2 in the representation according to FIG. 1 corresponding representation Another embodiment of the invention in the form of a heating system in two-line construction with a four-way mixer as a multi-way mixer and one that is not broken down Control device, and FIG. 3 shows a detail from that of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 corresponding embodiment of the invention, but in which a three-way mixer is used as a multi-way mixing device.

The same reference symbols denote the same details in each case of the exemplary embodiments.

The heating device according to the invention, designated as a whole by 1 has, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a heat generator 2, which acts as a heat pump in compression or sorption construction with a secondary side in the the heat transfer medium leading pipe system switched on heat exchanger or as from the heat transfer medium Flushed or flushed heat exchanger of a flue gas cooler or as a secondary side the heat transfer medium leading and acted upon on the primary side with the primary heat transfer medium Heat exchanger of a district heating transfer station can be formed.

Instead of the embodiment shown, an electrically heated one could also be used or a fuel-fired boiler can be used, as in the latter in Fig. 2 is shown purely by way of example.

The representation of the heat generator in FIG. 1 is therefore only intended as an example symbolize one of many possible embodiments of a heat generator.

The heat generator 2 is on with its heat transfer medium outlet 76 the flow line 14 of the line system carrying the heat transfer medium is connected, which in turn - as can be seen from Fig. 1 - designed as a single-line system is by namely the heating flow 14, in which a circulation pump 6 any Execution or

Construction is switched on via an automatic throttle device 4a to a radiator 3a one of several, in the illustrated embodiment two rooms, from which a routing line leads to another automatic Throttle device 4b of another room of the whole designated as 3, A plurality of rooms having heat consumers associated with further radiators 3b leads. This last radiator of the single-line heating device 1 is via a heating return line 16 to the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the Heat generator 2 connected. The inlets and outlets to and from the individual Radiators 3a and 3b are each short-circuited by an overflow line, in each of which a pressure-adjustable overflow valve 13a or 13b is switched on is. The heat transfer medium return 16 is in the area of the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator 2, an expansion 61 for the heat transfer medium is connected.

In the heat transfer medium flow 14 is preferably downstream A measuring device 5 for the total mass flow is arranged by the circulation pump 6, via a measured value line 15 with a control device designated as a whole as 20 communicates.

This control device is in turn connected via a control line 19 the actuator not shown in detail and also not designated in detail of the heat generator 2 in connection, depending on the design of the same, the fuel regulating valve a burner with a flame-fired boiler or the gas or oil regulating valve for supplying fuel to the diesel engine or carburetor of an internal combustion engine Compressor of a compression heat pump or the throttle valve of the hot one Primary line of a heat exchanger of a district heating transfer station carrying the primary heat transfer medium or a flue gas by-pass flap of a heat exchanger used as a flue gas cooler or the like. The associated control device 20, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of two functional groups 20a and 20b according to FIG Connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 explained in more detail.

The structure of the heating device, again designated as a whole by 1 according to the invention according to FIG. 2 is essentially the same as that according to FIG. 1. Here, too, the heat generator is designated with 2, but as a burner-operated one Boiler shown, its burner 9 as a device for influencing the operating energy for the heat generator 2 via a conventional control device with a measuring device 12 for the temperature of the heat transfer medium in heat generator 2 (boiler thermometer) and a device 11 for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 can be driven in such a way that the temperature of the heat transfer medium, for example of the boiler water does not exceed a specified value in the heat generator. Shown is also that the heat transfer medium outlet 76 of the heat generator 2 via a Mixing line 78 to the one inlet port of a four-way mixer 7 and the Heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator 2, to the rest of the in the same way as in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 1 already explained, an expansion vessel 61 for heat transfer medium is connected is to the one output port of the four-way mixer 7 via a return line 79 is connected. The other output port of the four-way mixer 7 is over the heat transfer medium -forward - line 14 connected to a line branch, which has as many heat transfer medium outlets as there are radiators to be operated Heating device 1 are present, unless there are several line branches be arranged in series, which may be preferred in individual cases can, for example, if the number of radiators is particularly large.

At the mentioned branching line, which is fed from the heating flow 14 are, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, two radiators 3a and 3b each via an upstream, automatically acting throttle device 4a or 4b connected, although here, too, only consists of two radiators 3a, 3b existing heat consumer is designated as a whole with 3. The two radiators 3a, 3b (and if there are more radiators, these too) are with their 'heat transfer medium ums - outputs each with a further, although shown, but not in detail designated branching connected, from which the heat transfer medium via the with this connected return line 16 flows back to the four-way mixer 7, by connecting the heating return 16 to the other inlet connection of the four-way mixer 7 is connected.

It can be seen that in this way a heating system in two-line construction is formed, and this also has a multi-way mixing device in the form a four-way mixer 7. This is a circulation pump in the heating flow 14 6 downstream, preferably downstream of the one measuring device 5 for the Total mass flow is arranged. This is in the same Way, as described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1, via a Measurement line 15 is connected to a control device designated as a whole by 20. This has a control command generator 62, which via a control line 17 with the Drive 10 of the Mehru! Ee - Mischeirlrichtung 7 is connected.

In Fig. 3 it is shown that the in the embodiment according to 2 multi-way mixing device designed in the form of a four-way mixer 7 can also be designed as a three-way mixer 8 if the pipeline is taken accordingly for the heat transfer medium. Without the heat generator in Fig. 3 would be represented, which should mean nothing else than that this in any Can be designed in a manner, for example in the manner of the heat generator according to FIG. 1 or the type of heat generator according to FIG. 2, which has already been described above are, the heat transfer medium outlet 76 of the same to the one flow inlet of the three-way mixer 8 Erlge closed, while at its flow outlet the Heating flow 14 is connected, the other routing of which is the same is, as already described in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. The heating return 16 is connected to the heat transfer medium input 77 of the not shown Heat generator 2 connected, which in turn in the manner already described with an expansion tank 61 for the heat transfer medium is in connection. Upstream The heating return 16 is from the expansion tank 61 via a mixed line here Serving line 79 is connected to the second input of the three-way mixer 8. In the heating flow 14 is already in connection with the exemplary embodiments 1 and 2, a circulating pump 6 is switched on as described in FIGS. The drive 10 of the multi-way mixing device embodied here as a three-way mixer 8 via a control line designated here by 18 with the actuating command generator 62 of the Control device 20 connected.

The control device 20 according to the invention has individual units or facilities whose pulse line linkage has already been mentioned above has been explained and otherwise from the claims and their explanations results. For this reason, the individual facilities in the following are only Described with regard to their area of responsibility or purpose, as their design the person skilled in the art is familiar in detail.

By means of one of the flow line 14 for the heat transfer medium, for example Hot water, assigned measuring device 70 for cover flow temperature, for example can be designed as a temperature sensor sleeve, is continuous or in predetermined time intervals one after the other a measured value or a sequence of measured values the flow temperature determined, and by means of one of the return line 16 for the Heat transfer medium associated measuring device 71 according to FIG. 1 or one of the individual radiators 3a, 3b summarizing individual mass flows flowing through Return line 16 according to FIG. 3, as shown, or instead the return line 16 according to FIG. 2, as shown, or the (1S heat transfer medium from the multi-way mixing device 8 to the heat transfer medium inlet 77 of the heat generator 2 returning return line 79 according to FIG. 2 (not shown) associated measuring device 72, each of which can also be designed as a temperature sensor sleeve, is also continuously or at given time intervals, but at the same time as the measurement the flow temperature, the return temperature of the heat transfer medium is measured. Farther is by means of a in the flow line 14 downstream of the circulation pump 6 arranged measuring device 5 continuously or at predetermined time intervals, in any case, at the same time as the flow and return temperatures are measured of the heat transfer medium, the total mass flow of the same measured.

The respective measured values of the flow temperature are saved via one of their Measuring device 70 with the regulating device 20 connecting measured value line 80 and that of the return temperature via a measuring device 71 with the control device 20 connecting measured value line 81 or via a measuring device 72 with the The measured value line 82 connecting the control device 20 to a device 74 for detection the difference between simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperatures as well as the of the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium via its measuring device 5 with the control device 20 connecting measurement value line 15 of a multiplier device 50 fed to this control device. To control the implementation or the process the acquisition of simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature on the one hand and total mass flow, on the other hand, the control device 20 has a time proportional input device 83 on. The multiplier 50 also receives the measured values of the total mass flow also the results of the difference at the same time as the respective measured value of the total mass flow Measured values obtained from the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium are supplied and by multiplying both the instantaneous value of the consumed Thermal output in the form of the difference between that fed into the heating flow 14 and the heat output fed back to the heat generator 2 via the return 16 or through which the heat transfer medium from the multi-way mixing device 7 to the heat generator 2 returning return line 79 (compare e.g. Fig. 2) returned heat output, which is always briefly referred to above and below as consumer power, corresponding impulses. The control device 20 also has a storage device 85 on, with at least one, preferably two or or more of those of the Multiplier 50 determined instantaneous values of the consumer power for Further processing in the course of the underlying process according to the invention Logic can or can be stored - This further processing happens in such a way, that by means of a performance comparison device 63 of the control device 20, the can be actuated via a sequence control device 86 in such a way that it carries out a sequence of comparisons the last determined instantaneous value of the consumer power with each of the in the memory device 85 previously determined instantaneous values of the Consumer performance makes at least one fluctuation, preferably a consequence of fluctuations in consumer power, determined and a corresponding pulse or a Sequence of corresponding impulses is generated, which or which is fed to a fluctuation comparison device 27, from which the amount is determined by which the determined fluctuation of a specified setpoint differs. The comparison standard for the fluctuation comparison device 27 is in the form of one of the upper limit of a target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding pulse from an adjustable setpoint generator 41 and in the form of a pulse corresponding to the lower limit of this target value band supplied by a further adjustable setpoint generator 42.

As long as the determined by the performance comparison device 63 The values of the deviation in the consumer power do not exceed the upper setpoint of their setpoint range exceed or fall below the lower setpoint of the same, these fluctuations considered to be appropriately desired in accordance with the method according to the invention and accepted by the control device without a control intervention taking place. As soon but a deviation of the consumer power over the upper and / or a deviation the same is determined below the lower limit of this target value band, is over the fluctuation comparison device 27 of the actuating command generator 62 of the control device 20 controlled in such a way that it sends the required control command to the heating system Device 9 or 8 or 7 provided for this purpose for influencing the in the heating flow 14 fed in heat output via the assigned control line 19 or

18 or 17 emits, in such a way that the in the heating flow 14 heat output fed in beyond the upper limit of its setpoint range reduced and if there is a discrepancy in the consumer power below the the lower limit of its setpoint range is increased. The reaction of the Control device both with regard to exceeding the upper limit of this Setpoint band as well as with regard to falling below the lower limit of the same the existence of the relevant deviation in consumer power during a predetermined Time span can be made dependent, with preference assigned to the upper limit Time span shorter than the time span assigned to the lower limit chosen can be. Both periods of time can be chosen so that during their duration a plurality of provisions of oentanerten the consumer performance by the Multiplier 50 or differences between an instantaneous value and the previous one Instantaneous value of the consumer power by the power comparison device 63 can be made. This allows self-control to see if it is once determined, the fluctuation in consumer power exceeds one of the limits of your set point band around a one-off event that may be could also be caused by, for example, a measurement error, or at least one for a duration within the predetermined period of time acts to react the control device by taking the necessary Forces control intervention. The length of the period (s) is depending on the person skilled in the art Conditions of the relevant heating device 1 or system and the requirements of the desired or

necessary operation can be selected. Is such a control intervention takes place, then it is usually useful to determine the consumer power now and their fluctuations so that they no longer match the reference value of the previous one Sequence of instantaneous values of the consumer power up to this control intervention has passed, but for these further investigations with a new reference value is compared. This can be an arbitrarily chosen value, for example the last one before the occurrence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power over the determined upper or lower limit of the target value range of their fluctuation range Fluctuation value of the consumer power. For this purpose, the control device one on the one hand from the storage device 85 and on the other hand from the time programming device 83 and / or the fluctuation comparison device 27 and / or the sequence control device 86 controllable acknowledgment and deletion device 87, by means of which after a Actuation of the control command generator 62 for the purpose of performing a control intervention in the memory device 85 with stored instantaneous values of the consumer power Exception to that Reference value are deleted and the start-up pulse for carrying out a further sequence of such determinations of instantaneous values of the Consumer power and the fluctuation of the same as well as the deviation of these fluctuation values above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range can.

It is also shown that the control device 20 is a proportional controller 21 with a device 31 for changing its gain, an integral controller 22 with a device 32 for changing its Nachstellieit and a differential controller 23 can have the same with a device 33 for changing the lead time. The integral controller 22 is a time-dependent integrating unit 36a for the deviation the fluctuation range of the consumer power above the upper limit of its setpoint range addition and a time-dependent integrator 36b for the deviation of the fluctuation range assigned to the consumer power below the lower limit of its setpoint range. To the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the control device 20, depending on how this is done with proportional and / or integral and / or differential controller, a time-dependent integrator can also be used 88a and 88b for the fluctuation in consumer power and one more each Time-dependent integrating unit 37a for the as a reference variable for the respective deviation the fluctuation of the consumer power serving upper or lower limit of the Setpoint band of the same corresponding fluctuation range and one with both integrating units connected device 34 for forming the ratio of simultaneous results both integrating units or its reciprocal value can be provided.

Set the gain and / or the reset time and / or the derivative action time the elimination of the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper or lower limit of their setpoint range can be changed if the ratio of the two total dimensions or time integral values a predetermined Exceeds the value, the control device 20 also instructs for this purpose another time-dependent integrator 37b for the the difference of the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding fluctuation range of the consumer power as well as one via impulse lines with two integrating units 36a or 36b or 88a or 88b and 37a or

37b connected summing device 84 for forming the sum of the same time Results of both integrating works, with a device 35 for education the ratio of simultaneous results of the integrating unit 37a or 37b and the Summing device 84 or the reciprocal of this ratio is provided. In the event that the gain and / or the reset time and / or the derivative time the elimination of the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper or lower limit of their setpoint range can be changed in this way is intended that the ratio of the two total dimensions or integral values a predetermined Value does not exceed, the device 35 for forming the ratio simultaneous results from both integrating units 36a or

36b or 88a or 88b and 37a or 37b an adjustable pulse blocking device 65, by means of which the impulse line or lines to the facility (s) 31 or 32 or 33 to change the gain of the proportional controller 21 or the reset time of the integral controller 22 or the lead time of the differential controller 23 only when a predetermined value of the ratio is present at the same time Results of both integrating units 37a or 37b or 88a or 88b and 37a or 37b can be released for pulse passage.

The control device 20 is assigned to the differential controller 23 furthermore a device 38a for determining the extent of the change over time Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of their specified Setpoint band addition and a device 38b for determining the extent of the temporal Change in a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower one Limit of their specified target value band and preferably also a device 39a to determine the temporal change in the degree of temporal change of a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of this setpoint range out and a device 39b for determining the change over time in the degree of temporal change of a deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of this setpoint band. Devices 39a and 39b are thus means for determining the change acceleration of the relevant Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power from one or the other limit their setpoint band, while the devices 38a and 39b respectively devices to determine the rate of change of these deviations are.

As shown, an adjusting device 66 for the device 31 for changing the gain of the proportional controller 21 and the device 32 for changing the readjustment time of the integral controller 22 and the device 33 for changing the lead time of the differential controller 23 or one setting device 66 for each of the named changing devices, if available, be provided through which the respectively assigned change device (s) 31 or 32 or 33 in the sense of avoiding exceeding a predetermined one Value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrating units 36a or 36b or 88a or 88b and 37a or 37b can be readjusted.

Furthermore, the control device 20 can be a setpoint selection device 43 with a betektoreinrichtung 29 for determining the in the course of commissioning the device 1 as the maximum possible consumer power at the time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time there is a reduction in the same consumer power that occurs, which is referred to as commissioning consumer service, and / or that in the course the heating mode when heating up after cooling down and / or when restarting or increasing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 as the maximum 'Consumer power, which is referred to as start-up consumer power, and depending an adjustable ratio setting device 46a, 46b as a setpoint Educational establishment for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as well as a device connected to the assigned setpoint generator 41 or 42, respectively 45 for automatic adjustment of the same in the sense of an initial setting or a Change of a set value of the assigned upper or lower limit of the target value band have the fluctuation range of the consumer power. Shown is that the setpoint generator 41 as well as the setpoint generator 42 each have their own automatic adjusting device 45 is assigned.

Furthermore, the target value selection device 43, as shown, a Have program storage devices 47a, 47b which have an adjustment device 48a for the setpoint generator 46a for the upper limit of the setpoint band the fluctuation range of the consumer power and / or an adjustment device 48b for adjusting the setpoint generating device 46b for the lower limit of this Has setpoint band. On the other hand, however, a program storage device can also be used 47a for the upper limit of the setpoint range and its own program storage facility 47b can be provided for the lower limit of this target value band. In both versions is by at least one of the adjustment devices 48a or 48b according to one stored in the program memory device (s) 47a, 47b or 47a or 47b Dependency that is in the assigned setpoint generating device 46a, 46b or

46a or 46b formed ratio changeable in the sense that one decreasing value of the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range consumer performance shows an increasingly larger difference between the two Limit values and / or an increasingly larger ratio of the same corresponds.

For embodiments of the invention with a mixer, one possibility for the automatic adaptation of the optimal Bandwidth of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power thereby be provided that the Control device 20 one with the multiplier 50 in it the instantaneous values of the consumer power obtained from this supply Impulse line connection standing deviation comparison device 64 and a or for each limit of this setpoint range a device for automatic Adjustment of one or both setpoint generators 41 and 42, their function otherwise also be taken over by the device 45 already described can. The deviation comparison device 64 ensures that always if after a control process caused by the deviation of the determined fluctuation range the consumer power over one or the other limit of the setpoint range of the same is triggered, which is immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time setting consumer power and the difference between this and the consumer power, determining their fluctuation range for the previous deviation and the previous one Control process was triggered, determined and via the device (s) 45 for automatic Adjustment of the setpoint generator (s) 41 or 42 of the setpoint generator 41 or 42, which limit of this setpoint band that determines the previous control process was decisive because it was exceeded or undercut, according to this consumer power difference determined by the deviation comparison device 64 is or will be adjusted, so that the regulation now.with one by tightening iteratively optimizes the newly set limit of the setpoint band of the fluctuation Consumer power expires.

The control device 20 also has one of the multiplier 50 controllable amount comparison device 89, by means of which the difference in each case between a last and an immediately previously determined instantaneous value of Consumer power can be determined, or one with the performance comparison device 63 instantaneous value deviation storage means in pulse feed connection 90, by means of which the difference between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power can be stored for later use, with the amount comparison device 89 or the instantaneous value deviation storage device 90 in each case to a trend comparison device 91 is connected, by means of which the tendency to change the differences can be determined between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power can. Furthermore, a number is preset device 92 for the arbitrary presetting of a number acting as a trigger threshold for the activation of the actuating command generator 62 such differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and also a counter 93 for these differences between these two last instantaneous values intended.

A position indicator 94 is assigned to the actuating command generator 62, by means of which its operating status is reported back.

By this way of determining the tendency of the change actually occurring fluctuations in consumer performance and their use in preparation and / or immediate implementation by initiating control interventions, the Control device 20 can be given a very quick response.

The same is also possible if one has a detector device 29 having control device 20, as shown, one with the multiplier 50 in pulse feed connection storage device 85 for storage the determined values of the consumer power and one with the detector device 29 deviation comparison device 95 in pulse feed connection is provided is, by means of which the difference in the respective determined value of the consumer power of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) can be determined is, this deviation comparison device 95 for determining the tendency the change in the differences between each determined value of the consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) in operative connection stands, which in turn with a number default device 92 for arbitrary default one as a trigger threshold for the activation of the command initiator 62 effective number of such differences from simultaneous measured values of the Flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and the total mass flow determined and therefore also to be referred to as "measured valuesZ" values of the consumer power to the maximum. possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or for maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and via a counter 93 for these differences with the positioning command generator 62 and with a position indicator device 94 cooperates for the feedback of the operating state of the same.

The from the performance comparison device 63 with N measured values "the Consumer power or from the deviation comparison device 27 with values the deviation of these "measured values" of the consumer power over the upper and / or The instantaneous value deviation storage device supplied below the lower limit of its nominal value band 90 can also be used to start and end the period with practical constant value of consumer power by determining the difference between to determine the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power. the control device 20 can then also expediently be a time span measuring device 96 to determine the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device 57 and a switch-on and a switch-off device 97 or 98, which are connected to the amount comparison device 89 is in operative connection, with preference at least the switch-off device 98 is also in pulse feed connection with the detector device 29. aside from that a dividing device 67 can be provided which, on the one hand, either with the Amount comparison device 89 or with the multiplier 50 and on the other hand with a device 99 for the delivery of pulses corresponding to periods of time in operative connection stands. The time gradient of the reduction is determined by the dividing device 67 the consumer power after the end of the period with practically Wor} value <lt'r ' r l> r '<iu <iit> r' 1 1, t JrI'J t> r-mit t t zelt, titit (rg lt, r termination time has preferably been determined by the amount comparison device 89. This but can also be determined by the dividing device 67 itself, namely by the sudden drop in the course of the consumer power the end of the The heating-up period of the heating system is signaled. Associated with the dividing device 67 is also a gradient specification and comparison device 100 with one of the Point in time of the end of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or switch-off device 97, 98, the latter also being the switch-off device 98 of a time span measuring device 96 for determining the Length of the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power also used can be.

The or each of the setpoint generating device (s) 46a or 46b is at a standstill or stand on the one hand with the detector device 29 and on the other hand with the time span measuring device 96 directly or via their time span specification and comparison device 57 respectively.

with the dividing device 67 directly or via its gradient specification and comparison device 100 and in each case with the actuating command generator 62 in FIG Operative connection.

The or each of the setpoint generating device (s) 46a and 46b can in each case a level output device 101 controlling them is connected upstream or downstream be, by means of which as a reference variable for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power or as the upper and lower limit of the setpoint band of the same is an arbitrarily chosen value of the consumer power is predeterminable. This reference value is referred to as operational consumer power and can be arbitrary, but based on the parameters determined according to the invention Process management are made supported, which has the advantage that then Time spans that the control device has to run in when designed with self-learning capabilities in the optimal value of this operational consumer power would be essential can be shortened.

The different types of preferred definition of the operational consumer power and that of the upper limit of the target value range Fluctuation range the fluctuation bandwidth corresponding to the consumer performance and / or that of the the lower limit of this target value band are the corresponding fluctuation bandwidth set out in detail at the outset in connection with the explanation of the claims been. Appropriate for this can. the control device 20 is one of the dividing device 67 controlled gradient presetting and comparison device 100 and one preferably also controlled by the dividing device 67 from the time of the end the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or switch-off device 102, the function of which is also determined by the switch-on or switch-off device 97, 98 can also be taken over. Then there is also a Device 103 for automatic adjustment of the assigned level indicator device (s) 101 in the sense of a value of the maximum possible consumer power determined in each case (Start-up consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and / or the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power and / or the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power End of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent increase or decrease in the reference value for the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power (Business consumer power) serving the respective value of the maximum possible or the maximum consumer power provided. In this way, it subsides each by a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 characterized control process which occurs immediately afterwards or after a predetermined one Consumer power setting the time span as the new reference value for the upper one and that of the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power automatically specify the corresponding value of the same.

If it is intended, that of the upper and / or that of the lower limit of the setpoint band corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power To change the value of the same in each case according to the change in its reference value, i.e. the range of fluctuation for the upper and / or lower limit of this target value range to track every change in the reference value in the form of the operational consumer power, that the upper and / or the lower limit of this target value band is increased this reference value is increased and reduced when this reference value is reduced is, the control device 20 can, as shown, each one via a pulse generator 104 by the or each of the level indicator device (s) 101 controllable feedback device 105 for the feedback of the as a reference value for the upper and / or the lower limit have the same value serving the fluctuation range of the consumer power, each with either the or one of the device (s) 45 for automatic Actuation of the or one of the setpoint generating device (s) 46a or 46b or on the one hand with the or one of the setpoint generating device (s) 46a or 46b and on the other hand with the or one of the respectively assigned setpoint generators 41 or 42 is in operative connection.

Here too, in the interest of increasing the agility of the Control device 20 also with regard to its automatic retraction into the optimal one Operating consumer power as a reference value for the upper and / or lower limit the setpoint band the fluctuation range of the consumer power the tendency of the monotonous rise or fall of the "measured values" of a sequence of measurements of fluctuations the consumer performance. For this purpose, one with the multiplier can expediently 50, which is connected to the pulse supply, for the determination of the magnitude comparison device 89 the difference between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power or an instantaneous value deviation storage device cooperating with the performance comparison device 63 90 for storing these differences between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value of consumer performance -be provided, wherein the amount comparison device 89 or the instantaneous value deviation storage device 90 each with a tendency comparison device 91 to determine the tendency of change in the differences between each the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power is actively connected, on the one hand to a number specification device 92 for arbitrary specification one acting as a trigger threshold for the actuation of the actuating command generator 62 Number of such differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power and on the other hand via a counter 93 for the actual occurred or determined number of such differences with the command transmitter 62 and with a position indicator 94 for reporting back the operating state connected to it.

Furthermore, the control device 20 can be a measured value storage device 26 for the maximum possible consumer power designated as commissioning consumer power and a comparison device 117 for determining deviations from the maximum Consumer line (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) and an associated ratio formation facility 28, by means of which the or one or both of the setpoint generating device (s) 46a, 46b or 46a or 46b or one or both of the program storage device (s) 47a, 47b or 47a or 47b or the or one or both adjustment device (s) 48a or 48b or the one or both setpoint generators 41 or 42 in the sense of a change of the specified target value range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power in Dependence on the ratio of maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) adjustable to the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) is.

Furthermore, there is at least one reporting device 59 for issuing a optically and / or acoustically perceptible information is provided, which is via a limit detector device 30, with which they each have one Impulse line in connection is or are always activated when the limit detector device 30 shows a deviation from the deviation communicated to it by the comparison device 117 the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) determined that a predetermined Exceeds or falls below the value of such a deviation.

There are also extreme heat losses at any point in the overall heat consumer 3 to determine and report that cause such extreme performance losses that Deviations in the fluctuation of consumer power over the upper limit of their Setpoint band either not at all or at least during a predetermined one Time span does not occur, for example when the window is open in A particular cold spell may be the case, making the room in question strong cools down and the system no longer manages to supply the heat output to increase that the upper limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power is exceeded, a reporting device can expediently continue 60 for the delivery of a visually and / or acoustically perceptible information that is about an impulse line is connected to a triggering device 40, which in turn with the comparison device 27 of the control device 20 to determine the deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower Limit your setpoint range and / or with a measured value storage device 128 is connected, and a timing device 51 for performing a plurality simultaneous measurements of flow and return temperatures by the measuring devices 70 and 71 or 72 and the total mass flow through the measuring device 5 and / or a plurality of determinations of instantaneous values of the consumer power and / or a plurality of determinations of the difference in each case of the last determined instantaneous value the consumer power and the previous instantaneous value of the same and / or for recording and / or retrieving one or more measured values of the determined Difference between these instantaneous values the consumer power or a Time control device 52 for receiving and / or outputting a determined instantaneous value the consumer power or a plurality of from the multiplier 50 delivered instantaneous values of the consumer power during a given Period of time may be provided., This reporting device (s) 60 by the triggering device 40 can always be activated, if at least according to a predetermined one Period of time no deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper one Limit of their target value range is recorded.

For heating devices 1 working in continuous operation, So in which the influence on the fed into the heating flow 14 heat output by continuously changing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 or by continuously changing the ratio of the heat generator 2 the heating flow 14 fed to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium by means of a corresponding adjustment of the, for example, designed as a valve member this mass flow ratio determining organ of an existing multi-way mixing device takes place, a time program storage device 110 for specifying a predetermined number of time periods of predetermined length, during which after the respective Increase in the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 or after the respective Increase this mass flow ratio or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by a for maintaining a by a predetermined Value increased consumer power sufficient measure the deviation of the fluctuation the consumer power can be determined beyond the upper limit of its setpoint range is to be provided, in particular to improve the adaptation to the circumstances should be adjustable for the respective application. The program control of the The triggering device 40 takes place in such a way that it detects the signaling device (s) 59 or 60 only activated when it is certain that there will be a permanent strong loss of heat energy is to be recorded, which is to be followed up for the purpose of parking, that is so, if-in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint band of their range of fluctuation beyond the actuating command generator 62 in the sense of increasing the supply of operating energy to heat generator 2 or an increase in the ratio of the heat generator 2 in the heating flow 14 fed mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a predetermined value is sufficient has been actuated and yet there is still no deviation in the fluctuation of the Consumer power beyond the upper limit of that setpoint band within a further predetermined period of time and preferably a permanent lack of a such deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power within a repeated specified time period despite a further increase in the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 or the ratio of the heat generator 2 in the heating flow 14 fed mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the same by one to maintain a A sufficient amount of consumer power increased by a further value corresponding repeated actuation of the actuating command generator b2 is recorded.

In principle, within the scope of the invention, the target value band for the fluctuation range of the consumer power can be chosen arbitrarily by long upper limit and / or its lower limit arbitrarily by the manufacturer or user is set, but it has been shown that it is based on the respective according to the invention trained heating system gives particularly favorable setpoint ratios that, if they are set from the outset as a setpoint band specification, they work the control according to the invention in its optimal range with corresponding avoidance lead to thermal energy losses. According to the invention, there is one with self-learning ability equipped control device 20 before, it is thereby ensured that the Regulation in its optimal range after a while comes in, however, they are not yet fully operational during this time the heating system to accept inevitable losses of heat energy. In order to eliminate this as far as possible, one can use the concept of the invention the target value band specification for the fluctuation range of the consumer power as well nor from a possible deviation, for example, in each case when driving the day resulting maximum consumer power to be measured accordingly (start-up consumer power) from the "Jungfernfahrt", that is, when the heating system is started up for the first time determined maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) make them dependent. For this purpose, there is a measured value storage device in the control device 20 121 for the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) provided, since this is required as a reference standard for the daily journey comparison, one on the one hand with this and on the other hand each via a measured value line 80 or 81 or

82 with the measuring devices 70 or 71 or 72 for the flow and the return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the Means 74 for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two Temperatures of the heat transfer medium and in each case via a measured value line 15 with the measuring device 5 for the total mass flow of the Wärmeträgerliieuiums or via a respective pulse line with the multiplier 50 or with the detector device 29 in pulse feed connection comparison device 117, by means of which deviations of the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the value or amount stored in the measured value storage device 121 and from this retrievable maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) can be determined. In addition, the ratio formation device can expediently here 28 is used or a further ratio formation device is specifically provided be to if there is a deviation of the maximum consumer power from the maximum possible consumer power should have been determined, a dem Ratio of maximum consumer power to maximum possible consumer power appropriate To form the pulse and by means of it at least one of the target value formation devices 46a, 46b or 46a or 46b for the upper or lower limit of the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power or the or at least one of the program storage device (s) 47a, 47b or 47a or 47b for influencing this target value band, or at least an adjusting device 48a or 48b for this or at least one setpoint generator 41 or 42 and via this (s) to control the control command generator 62 in such a way that the setpoint band the fluctuation range of consumer power depending on the ratio of maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) to maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) is changed.

The control device 20 also has a power detector device 113, by means of which the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) as well as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at full load or, in the case of the heating flow 14 from the heat generator 2, the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device 7 and 8, for example, their valve member, each determined at the point in time can be, to which after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease in the same occurs. The one by the power detector device 113 determined value of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) is stored in the measured value storage device 121 for further use at a later date. The power detector device 113 delivers its output after the measurement value has been determined the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) Measured values of the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) to the comparison device 117, the one from the measured value storage device 121 always also the one preserved in it Measured value of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power ) is fed. In this comparison device 117, any drift is the original maximum possible consumption performance to lower, later than maximum consumer power measured values determined. Not every such deviation but is the reason for any activity of the control system in any one Direction to cause, but only such a deviation of this kind that one exceeds a predetermined value. A limit detector device is provided for this purpose, the function of which is also taken over by the limit detector device 30 can be used to check whether one of the power detector means 113 determined deviation exceeds a specified value in such a In the case of the reporting device (s) 59 or 60 for visual and / or acoustic making perceptible to activate such an irregularity. In addition, such an implementation is permitted of the invention, as already explained in detail at the beginning, the detection in particular a burner defect or a defect in the heat exchanger device for the supply the operating energy to the heat generator 2 on its primary energy side.

A detection of other defects is possible if the control device 20 according to the invention a mass flow detector device 111 for determining the during the commissioning of the device 1 for heating operation as the maximum possible Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium (total commissioning mass flow) and / or des in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down as the maximum Total mass flow (start-up total mass flow) at full load or the heating flow 14 from the heat generator 2 feeding the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow in each case at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs (which, by the way, is to be referred to as the start-up period), the total mass flow occurring and a Measured value storage device 119 for the maximum possible total mass flow (Total commissioning mass flow) as well as one on the one hand with this and on the other hand via a measured value line 15 with the measuring device 5 for the total mass flow or via an impulse line of the mass flow detector device 111 which is in pulse feed connection with the mass flow comparison device 115, by means of which any deviations in the maximum total mass flow (Total starting mass flow) from the value or amount in the measured value storage device 119 stored and retrievable from this maximum possible total mass flow (Total commissioning mass flow) can be determined. The mass flow comparator 115 associated with a limit detector device is provided, whose.

The function of the limit detector device 30 here as well can be taken over and by means of which the reporting device (s) 59 resp. 60 in the manner already described for making it visually and / or acoustically perceptible a deviation in the maximum total mass flow rate that exceeds a predetermined amount irregularity formed by the maximum possible total mass flow are activated can or can.

On the other hand, certain defects in the heating system according to the invention can also be detected by the fact that the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium monitored and from this monitoring warning signals for the User or operator of the heating system can be derived. For this can how shown, a temperature difference detector device 112 for determining the in the course of commissioning the device 1 for heating operation as the minimum possible Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (commissioning temperature differences) and / or in the course of the heating operation when heating up after cooling down as minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) in each case at full load or with the heating flow 14 from heat generator 2 full Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow 7 or 8 and in each case at the time at which after as the start-up period Time span to be designated with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and a measured value storage device 120 for the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (Commissioning temperature difference) as well as one on the one hand with this and on the other hand Via a respective measured value line 80 or 81 or 82 to the measuring devices 70 or 71 or 72 for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line to the device 74 for determining the difference Simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature or via an impulse line with the temperature difference detector device 112 in pulse feed connection standing temperature difference comparison device 116 may be provided by means of any deviations in the minimum difference between the flow and return temperatures (Start-up temperature difference) from the value or amount in the measured value storage device 120 stored and retrievable from this minimum possible difference of lead and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) can be determined. A limit detector device is assigned to the temperature difference comparison device 116 provided, the function of which is also provided here by the limit detector device 30 can also be taken over and by means of which the reporting device (s) 59 or 60 in the manner already described for visual and / or acoustic making perceptible a deviation of the minimum difference that exceeds a predetermined amount irregularity formed by the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium can be activated.

According to the invention, the different modes of operation in the sense of Comfort, normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode close can, the control device 20 also has a storage device 24, in the four preferred pairings of upper and lower in the illustrated embodiment ljntergrensen des Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power are stored, namely for comfort, economy or night reduction operation and ultimately also for frost protection. This storage device 24, which is otherwise with regard to their the upper and lower limits of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power for the individual operating modes corresponding stored value pairings with Is preferably carried out adjustable, so that these value pairings either from the manufacturer or by the installing heating engineer or by the user as desired can be set, a switching device 25 is assigned by means of which the user of the heating device 1 can now function as desired or required the control device 20 can switch so that instead of the one operating mode, for example comfort mode, another selected operating mode, for example Economy or night reduction operation, is fair. This switchover can also be used can also take place automatically in a time-controlled manner. A timer 131 can be provided for this purpose be which in a suitable manner via pulse lines with the memory device 24 and / or the switching device 25 is connected for this. Also shown is that the control device includes a counter 54 for the given during a Period of time during which controlled by the timing device 51 a plurality of measurements of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or the difference between these two temperatures and the total mass flow and over this the consumer power carried out and / or a "measurement" value or a plurality from the multiplier 50 or a measured value storage device, for example the measured value storage device 128, delivered values of the consumer power recorded or retrieved, any deviations that have occurred in these measured values above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified target value range the fluctuation range of the consumer power and a program storage facility 123 for a predetermined number of permissible during this predetermined period of time deviations in the fluctuations in consumer power that occur during operation the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint -Bandes their fluctuation range as well as one with at least one of the setpoint generators 41 or 42 operatively connected device 44 for automatic change of the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of this deviation of the number of occurrences determined by a detector device 124 Has measured value deviations from the permissible number of the same.

Thus, the deviation of the measured number of such changes of a predetermined number of the same permissible during this predetermined period of time in the sense of a self-learning process, the setpoint band or at least automatically one of its limits can be changed in a tracking manner.

Furthermore, the control device 20 can expediently preferably be a adjustable timing device 58, by means of which the duration for the monitoring of the deviation to be carried out by the fluctuation comparison device 27 of the consumer power below the lower limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range is predeterminable. This timing device 58 can be a time span program memory be assigned, the function of which is also determined by a time span program memory 53 can be taken over and in which for preferred pairings of upper and lower limits the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power, such as for comfort, normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection operation, different Values of the length of the time period for monitoring the deviation in consumer power stored below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range are in such a way. that in each case the lower heat energy resp.

Operating modes operating a compared to thermal output level an operating mode operating at a higher thermal energy or thermal output level longer stored monitoring period is assigned. For automatic time-out adjustment to a regulated one-time for discontinuously operated with operating energy Heat generators 2 can be used to run frost protection mode on the one hand a ratio specifically desired for this operation in the time span program memory 53 the duration of the supply of operating energy to heat generator 2 (one-time of the same) for the duration of the interruption of this supply of operating energy (time out - of the heat generator 2) stored in the range between about 1 in 5 to 1 in 20 and on the other hand one position indicating device which is preferably operatively connected to the timing device 58 105 for feedback of the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 and / or the operating state corresponding to the interruption of such operating energy supply of the control command generator 62 and / or the change in the supply of operating energy be provided for the heat generator 2 effecting device itself.

With continuous supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 working heating systems can, as shown, one with the command transmitter 62 operatively connected power limiting device 106 with adjustable Performance program memory 107 for the amount of the desired in frost protection mode the heat generator 2 to be supplied operating energy, by means of which the control command generator 62 in the sense of maintaining a range between'etwa 0.2 to 0.05 times the start-up consumer power or the start-up consumer power or the operational consumer power or the reference value for the permissible fluctuation range the consumer power lying fraction thereof can be actuated, preferably Here, too, a position indicator for reporting back the operating status of the control command generator 62 and / or the change in the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 effecting device itself can be provided with the power limiting device 106 is fed back; this feedback device can be formed by the position indicator 105.

For heating systems that work with a multi-way mixer the invention is preferably, as shown, instead one with the control command generator 62 operatively connected mass flow limitation device 108 with adjustable Mass flow programmer 109 for the amount of des from the heat generator 2 to be fed into the heating flow 14 of the mass flow Heat transfer medium provided, by means of which the control command generator 62 in the sense of Maintaining one for maintaining one in the range between about the 0.2 to 0.05 times the start-up consumer power or the start-up consumer power or the operational consumer power or the reference value for the permissible fluctuation range the consumer power lying a fraction of the same sufficient ratio of the mass flow fed in from the heat generator 2 to the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium can be actuated, preferably here again a position indicator device for feedback of the operating status of the actuating device 62 and / or the position for changing the mass flow ratio caused by the multi-way mixing device the body responsible for the heat transfer medium of the multi-way mixing device 7 or 8 itself can be provided, which with the mass flow limiting device 108 is fed back; here, too, this feedback device can be provided by the position indicator device 105 be formed.

The bandwidth of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power can, according to the invention, also expediently as a function of a 'scanning' process can be optimized in the form of a grid-based measured value query and monitoring. Therefor the control device 20 has a counter 55 for the number of during changes that actually occur over a given period of time in operation in the form of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases the supply of thermal power to the heat transfer medium located in the heating flow 14 or changing the position of the mass flow ratio of the heating flow 14 fed mass flow to the total mass flow determining Organ of an existing multi-way mixing device 7 or 8 or changes the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium representing the rule interventions to which a counter 56 is assigned for these changes. Farther is a program storage device 123 for a. predetermined during this predetermined Time span permissible number of such changes and a detector device 124 provided, by means of which a deviation from the counter 56 of the counter 55 determined number of such approximately occurred during this specified period of time Changes from the predetermined by the program storage device 123 for this predetermined period of time permissible number of such changes can be determined and the device 44 for automatically changing one or both setpoint generators 41 or 42, a start-up impulse can be conveyed through which this (s) at least one of the limits of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power is changed in the sense that this is dependent on one by the detector means 124 determined deviation of the number of changes that have occurred (control interventions) is expanded or compressed by the permissible number of the same.

Furthermore, the control device 20 can expediently be a preferably adjustable one Have timing device, for example in the form of timing device 58, by means of which in the sense of creating a tolerance threshold for heating operation Cooling of the heat transfer medium accelerated and / or by a predetermined period of time a heating of the heat transfer medium is delayed by a predetermined period of time is initiated.

It can be seen that in the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 1 due to by the multiplier 50 for the consumer power determined instantaneous values of the same is monitored via the control device 20, whether these determined values exceed the upper limit of the setpoint adjuster that can be set 41 and 42 set target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power exceed or go below the lower limit of this setpoint band. In both cases the relevant deviation of the fluctuation of the Consumer power from the relevant limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range regulated by the feed into the heating flow 14 via the control command generator 62 Thermal output when the fluctuation in consumer output deviates from the setpoint range their range of fluctuation over one or the other limit of the same out so is influenced that the deviation of the consumer power back into the range is returned between the two limits of its setpoint band. To that extent differentiates the invention differs significantly from the state of the art than it does on the one hand in a novel way one of the experts not previously suitable for control purposes kept physical quantity in the form of a regional fluctuation, namely also one in the same "physical language system" as the controlled variable lying physical quantity in the form of consumer power, and this on the other hand not regulated on constancy, but a deviation of the fluctuation of the Consumer power over an upper limit of a specified target value range for their range of fluctuation beyond or below a lower limit of the same on theirs Vanishing value is adjusted while any deviations from both limits the setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power from the control be tolerated, provided that these are only within this specified value in terms of value Setpoint band move, with fluctuations in these deviations in consumer power remain in any size according to the invention without influence on the control, provided they do not cause the upper limit of the specified setpoint range to be exceeded or a fall below the lower limit of the same. The advantages of this Control according to the invention have already been explained in detail at the beginning.

The way in which this compensates for such by exceeding the upper one Limit of the setpoint band or falling below the lower limit of the same conditional Any deviations made depends on the type of heating device 1 im general and the design of the feed of the heat output to the heating flow 14 in particular. In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1, how already explained above, a control access from the control command generator 62 of the control device 20 forward to a device not shown and also not designated to influence the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 as an actuator intended. This can be continuously adjustable or in on-off mode working device of any known type be formed. In any case takes place in the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1, the influencing of the the heating flow 14 supplied heat output by acting on the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2. Is this for continuous supply of operating energy during the operating period, the action takes place on the heating power supplied to the heating flow 14 by reducing the supply the operating energy to the heat generator 2 when the control device 20 is exceeded the upper limit of the setpoint range for the fluctuation range of the consumer power has determined, and by increasing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 when the fluctuation range of the consumer power falls below the target value range is present. If, however, it is a heat generator 2 with discontinuous If its operating energy is supplied, then, according to the invention, the influence takes place on this so that whenever the upper limit of the setpoint band is exceeded the fluctuation range of the consumer power is present, the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 interrupted or switched off and then when the control device 20 a falling below the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer power is determined, the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 is recorded.

The embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2 and also one this when in this the dash-dotted-line bordered area III through the Pipeline, multi-way mixing device and circulation pump arrangement according to Fig. 3 is replaced, corresponding embodiment differ from that according to FIG. 1 apart from the application shown in connection only by way of example with a two-line system only that the influence on the supply of the Heat output to the heating flow 14 here not by any kind of change the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 takes place, but through access to the multi-way mixing device provided here in the form of the four-way mixer 7 according to FIG. 2 or the three-way mixer 8 according to FIG. 3. The one shown here Execution of a gas or oil-fired burner 9 with operating energy supplied boiler as a heat generator 2, which via the measuring device 12 for the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the boiler (boiler thermometer) and the equipment 11 to influence the supply of operating energy to the burner, for example may include a regulating valve for the primary energy gas or oil, to a predetermined temperature of the heat transfer medium in the boiler (represented by the setting arrow on the device 11) can be regulated for designed for continuous or discontinuous supply of operating energy be, depending on how the burner 9 is designed.

Regardless of this, in the embodiments of the invention according to FIG.

2 and 3, however, the influencing of the heating flow 14 supplied Heat output provided via the respective multi-way mixing device 7 or 8 in such a way that that by this the ratio of the fed into the heating flow 14 is called Mass flow of the heat transfer medium to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device 7 or 8 which determines this ratio is changed by the setting command device 62 of the control device 20 via the respective Control line 17 or 18 of the adjustment drive 10 for the multi-way mixing device in question 7 or

8 is operated accordingly. This actuation takes place according to the invention so that whenever the determined fluctuation of the Consumer.performance leads to a deviation above the upper limit of its target value band, the ratio from the heating flow 14 fed mass flow reduced to total mass flow and when the fluctuation range falls below the lower limit of the setpoint range the consumer power is present, this ratio of the heating flow 14 supplied Mass flow is increased to the total mass flow.

For the possibilities of changing the size of this ratio or the assigned position of the organ of the relevant multi-way mixing device which determines this 7 and 8 have already been given detailed information above, as well as for the Regardless of the extent to which the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 is influenced whether it is continuous or discontinuous.

It can be seen that an embodiment of a heat generator 2 as Burner-fired boiler can also be used in Fig. 1, as well as likewise an embodiment of a heat generator 2, like this in connection with Fig. 1 is described, can be used in the device 1 according to FIG. The embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in connection with FIG Single-line systems according to FIG. 1 within the scope of the invention with all the advantages of the same usable. The explanations shown are only intended as examples show to realize the most important variants of the invention without doing so exhaustive all possibilities of combinations of heat generator designs, Types of change in the heating power to be fed to the heating flow 14 and / or Executions of the control device in particular with regard to their perfection in With regard to the multitude of self-learning processes possible according to the invention, figuratively to represent. For the same reason it is also on the representation of the impulse line-wise Linking the individual units or facilities of the Control device 20 has been waived because this is already introductory and in the relevant claims are explained in detail and, if necessary, the person skilled in the art will have different types of impulse line Links with knowledge of the links described without inventive step can easily determine.

While in FIG. 2, a regulating device is likewise only an example 20 is shown, which is not divided into functional groups, although these with 20a and 20b designated as such is shown schematically in Fig.l, what is meant by this when, according to a described inventive concept, the control device 20 into a function group 20a and 20a arranged in the vicinity of the heat generator 2 a function group 20b arranged within easy reach of the user is. The function group 20a includes the facilities for those functions which are usually not or only rarely changed during the heating season, while the functional group 20b, which is conveniently located near the user, controls the facilities for the functions that can be set by the user and preferably as a room switching station is trained.

In Fig. 2 it is also shown that the control device with aer 20 connected via a measured value line 80 device 70 for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet 76 in the heating flow 14 or in the heating flow 14 can even be used for this, the measured by the temperature sensor 7-0 Flow temperature by means of the corresponding data logic

Processing in the control device 20, for example, as a temperature limit for the flow temperature of the system by using a control line 19 from the control device 20 a corresponding information pulse to the device 11 given for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat generator 2 so that regardless of the setpoint value set for the heat transfer medium temperature (e.g. boiler water temperature) in heat generator 2 for the regulation of the same shown in Fig. 2 Burner 9 or any other device to supply operating energy to the heat generator 2 is driven so that a the specified limit value for the flow temperature cannot be exceeded. This embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is neither of the type of configuration or the functioning of the heat generator 2 nor the influencing of the supply of Heat output to the heating flow 14 nor the execution of the heating device as a one-line or two-line system or the control device with regard to their more or less perfection in terms of self-learning ability addicted.

In addition, there is also a device 125 in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the optical and / or acoustic indication of the amount continuously or Determination values obtained in predetermined time intervals in the heating flow 14 fed-in heat output, also known as "measured" values for the consumer output are to be designated. Also, provided this is for example Data monitoring, documentation and / or further processing purposes or the like. should be considered expedient, a device 68 for optical magnitude and / or acoustic display continuously or at predetermined time intervals obtained measured values of the total mass flow and / or one with the device 74 to determine the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium Operationally connected device 69 for optical and / or absolute magnitude acoustic indication obtained continuously or at predetermined time intervals Values of the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium are provided be as also shown.

In addition, in the association of the control device 20 both in FIG. 1 and also in FIG. 2 each have a switch-on device 130, by means of which either the entire heating device 1 or only its control device 20 are functionally put into operation by the user of the same or as a whole can be switched off again.

In the above, the invention is based on the example of a heating device has been described, but the explanations for this also apply to a cooling device accordingly. It can be related to the detailed explanations be referred to with the respective claims. Those shown in the drawings Embodiments also apply unchanged to such a cooling device 1, only then, the reference number 2 means a cold generator, which is used in connection with with the described heating device explained way about the coolant flow 14 is connected to the cooling devices 3a, 3b, of which the heat transfer medium reaches the cold generator 2 via the coolant return 16. This can for example as a gas or diesel engine-operated compression refrigeration machine or as a gas or oil-fired sorption chiller or as a transfer heat exchanger be designed, the secondary side of which is flowed through by the heat transfer medium, while its primary side with the refrigerant of a refrigerant circuit connected to this is fed.

All other details of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings do not require any additional explanations, provided that one takes into account that There may be differences in the mode of operation compared to heating mode. Only an example of this is operation with a tolerance threshold, for which a The cooling device is the timing device 58 of the control device 20 or 20a, 20b is designed so that by means of its in cooling operation a heating by a predetermined Period of time accelerated and / or cooling by a predetermined period of time can be initiated with a delay. Otherwise are the correspondences of the individual process steps as well as the device-side configurations between Heating mode and cooling mode to the claims or their explanations in the above refer to. In particular, there are also the outstanding advantages of the invention in the context of cooling versus heating.

Overall, it should be emphasized that the invention, although it only in connection with the measurement on the one hand of the total mass flow and on the other hand, the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and the Determination of the difference between these two temperatures and the determination of the instantaneous values the consumer power from this and the use of a target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer performance is explained and defined in the claims, always if they measure the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and control technology Use of the relevant measured values of the same works directly, but also the Measurement of the pressure drop across the circulation pump and the regulation of a heating or Cooling device or system via this pressure drop also includes by corresponding Claims for the use of this pressure drop across the circulation pump (the working pressure the same) are to be read accordingly in such a way that the total mass flow is always low and high Working pressure of the circulation pump and large total mass flow, low working pressure the circulation pump means.

Although the invention is only based on a few preferred above Embodiments has only been explained by way of example, it is not based on these limited, rather there are a variety of options open to the skilled person the structural, manufacturing or material conditions in the manufacturing plant and / or to the respective requirements of the individual application, both in terms of planning as well as assembly technology by other combinations of their features or their Adapt exchange for equivalent means without thereby breaking the scope of the invention to leave.

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Claims (53)

CLAIMS 1. Process for regulating the temperature in to be tempered Rooms by radiators or cooling devices, in which about these provided automatically acting throttle devices in the respective radiator or the respective cooling device entering mass flow of the heat transfer medium in The actual room temperature is controlled as a function of a target room temperature, characterized in that each is characterized by, for example, structural conditions, Climatic zone, weather conditions and / or user-related heat loads caused deviation the fluctuation in the difference between that in the heating or coolant supply fed in and fed back to the heat or cold generator via the return Heating or cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices single mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through the return line Heat or cooling power fed back (consumer power) of one Setpoint band for the permissible size of the fluctuation range of this difference between these both heating and cooling capacities (consumer output), which is achieved by a larger and a smaller target value of this fluctuation range of this difference between these two Heating or cooling output (consumer output) is specified by correction the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or coolant flow is eliminated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a deviation the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value range in addition, by reducing the flow fed into the heating or cooling medium Heating or cooling output and a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer output below the lower limit of the specified target value band by increasing the Heating or cooling power fed into the heating or cooling medium upstream is eliminated. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the specified Setpoint band by reducing the in the heating or coolant flow fed-in heating or cooling power and / or a deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value range by increasing the amount of heat fed into the heating or cooling medium flow or cooling capacity only after it has existed for a predetermined period of time is eliminated, these periods of time preferably being selected to be of different lengths can be, preferably the deviation above the upper limit of the specified The time span assigned to the setpoint band is shorter than that of the deviation below the lower one The time span corresponding to the limit of the predefined setpoint range can be selected can. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that for at least the duration of a predetermined period of time a plurality of determinations of the consumer performance and the result of the last determination in each case compared with that of each of the previous determinations and when determining one the upper limit of the target value band for the permissible size of the fluctuation range the difference between two such results exceeding the consumer power this deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power by reducing the in the heating or Coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power and / or when determining the lower limit of the target value band for the permissible size the fluctuation range of the consumer power is below the difference of two such results and their existence for a predetermined period of time Deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power due to the increase in the Heating or Heat or cooling power fed in with the coolant flow eliminated will. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the period of time in which a number of determinations of consumer performance are made, equal to that for the existence of a difference between the latter Result and the or one of the previous result (s) of the determination of the Consumer power predetermined time is selected. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that according to an elimination of a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power from a the limits of the specified target value band for at least the duration of a specified Time span of making a plurality of consumer performance determinations and the comparison of the result of the last determination with that of each of the previous of this plurality of determinations as well as the comparison of these differences this Results with the upper and lower limit of the target value range plus elimination the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer performance in the event of a determination of a exceeding the upper limit of the setpoint band or one of the lower limit the difference of these results below the target value band is repeated will. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized. that a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power over the upper limit of the specified setpoint band by increasing the heating respectively. Coolant flow corresponding to the heat or cooling capacity fed in the extent of this deviation and a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band by reducing the Heating or cooling power fed into the heating or coolant flow is eliminated according to the extent of this deviation. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the overall dimension the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the predetermined target value band also determined over time and a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of this setpoint range by reducing the heating or Coolant flow corresponding to the heat or cooling capacity fed in this measure of this deviation is eliminated and / or the total measure of the deviation of the Fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value range determined over time and a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of this setpoint band by increasing the heating or coolant flow fed in heating or cooling power according to this Total amount of deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power is eliminated. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that. that the amount of change over time of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power beyond the upper limit of the specified target value band and / or the time limit Change of this measure of temporal change of the deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power determined and this deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power by reducing the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or cooling medium flow according to this measure of the change with time of the deviation of the fluctuation of the Consumer power or this measure of the temporal change of this measure over time Change in the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power eliminated and / or the amount of change over time of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band and / or the time limit Change of this measure of temporal change of the deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power determined and this deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power through enlargement the heat or coolant fed into the heating or coolant flow Cooling capacity according to this measure of the change over time Deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power or this amount of change over time this amount of change over time the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power is eliminated. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the total amount of fluctuation in consumer power and the total amount of the upper limit or the fluctuation range corresponding to the lower limit of the target value range the consumer performance determined over time and as a measure for optimization the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the consumer power above the upper or below the lower limit of its target value band is the ratio of these two total dimensions or its reciprocal is chosen. 11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in, that the total extent of the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper or lower limit of the specified target value range their range of fluctuation and the total measure of the difference between the upper and lower Limit of the setpoint band corresponding fluctuation range of the consumer power determined in the course of time and both total dimensions added together and as a measure for optimizing the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time the elimination of the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper one or below the lower limit of the target value range of their fluctuation range, the ratio this sum to the total measure of the difference between the upper and lower limit of the target value band corresponding fluctuation range of consumer power or the reciprocal of this Ratio is chosen. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, P ~ durchgekennzei chnet that the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above or below the upper or lower the lower limit of the target value band of its fluctuation range is changed if the ratio of the two total dimensions exceeds a predetermined value. 13. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the gain and / or the reset time and / or the lead time of the elimination the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above or below the upper or lower the lower limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range is changed in such a way that that the ratio of the two total dimensions does not exceed a predetermined value. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized that the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer performance on the manufacturer side, performance-related and / or user needs-related is chosen. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the Change in the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow supplied heating or cooling capacity by switching it on and off the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator takes place, characterized in that that when there is a discrepancy in the fluctuation in consumer power over the the upper limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range Supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator ended and during a predetermined period of time occurring deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator will be increased. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that upon commissioning of the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation the consumer power as maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) to the Point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time a reduction of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined the fluctuation range of consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to a compared to this fraction, a smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power), preferably according to a one in the range between about a tenth and a half fraction of the larger target value the value of the same corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power will. 17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating and / or each time the supply of operating energy is resumed for heat or After the end of the same, the refrigeration generator reduces the consumer power as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time to after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time one Reduction occurs, determined and the greater Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to a fraction this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the smaller one Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to a comparison this fraction is a smaller fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one in the range between about one tenth and one half lying fraction of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is chosen. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that as the upper limit for the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and as the lower limit for the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range, the disappearing value of the consumer power is chosen. 19: The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is terminated when the fluctuation the consumer power one of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range the consumer power reduced maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) - or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) falls below the corresponding value and is recorded when the fluctuation in consumer power is around the smaller target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power increased disappearance value does not exceed the corresponding value for a predetermined period of time. 20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19 with making a Multiple provisions of consumer performance for at least the duration of one predetermined period of time, characterized in that that for each Result of a plurality of determinations of the consumer performance the difference between him and the previous result of this plurality of provisions of the Consumer power determined in terms of amount and when a predetermined one occurs Number of monotonically falling results of a plurality of determinations this Difference preferably when the upper limit of the target value band is exceeded the fluctuation range of the consumer power during the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator this terminated and when a predetermined one occurs Number of monotonically decreasing or practically constant results of a plurality of determinations of this difference preferably with falling below the lower one Limit of the setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power during the interruption of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is recorded. 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19 with performing a Multiple provisions of consumer performance for at least the duration of one predetermined time period, characterized in that for each result a plurality of provisions of consumer performance the difference between it and the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) determined in terms of amount and when it occurs a predetermined number of monton increasing results of a plurality of Determination of this difference preferably when the upper limit is exceeded the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power the supply of Operating energy to the heat or cold generator ended and one for each result Plurality of determinations of consumer performance the difference between it and the disappearance value of the consumer power is determined in terms of amount and when it occurs a predetermined number of montons falling or practically constant Results of a plurality of determinations of this difference, preferably with Falling below the lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is recorded. 22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output through continuous change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, characterized in that when occurring a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the predetermined setpoint band of their fluctuation range, the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator and reduced during a predetermined period of time occurring deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power below the lower Limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range the supply of operating energy is increased to the heat or cold generator. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that upon commissioning of the procedure for heating mode or for cooling mode at full load, the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time a reduction of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint is determined the fluctuation range of consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to a compared to this fraction, a smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power), preferably in the range between about a fraction of a tenth and a half of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is selected. 24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating at full load, the consumer power as the maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease of the same occurs, determined and the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a smaller fraction of this maximum consumer power compared to this fraction (Start-up consumer power), preferably one in the range between approximately one tenth and half of the fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is selected. 25. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in, that when commissioning the method for heating or for cooling or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating, in each case at full load, the length of the period of time during which for the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value this consumer power occurs for the first time a reduction of the same, determined and according to the extent of the length of this period and / or the extent of the temporal Change this consumer power the larger and the smaller specified setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power is changed by with greater Length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the change in this consumer power over time both given Setpoints of the fluctuation range of the consumer power by a smaller amount and with a smaller length of this time span and / or greater Measure of the change in this consumer power over time, both specified setpoints the fluctuation range of the consumer performance is reduced by a larger amount will. 26. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that that as a reference value for the larger and for the smaller setpoint value of the fluctuation range the consumer power in each case an arbitrarily specified value of the consumer power (Operating consumer power) is selected. 27. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that that as a common reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power is an arbitrarily predetermined value of the consumer power (Operating consumer power) is selected. 28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that when commissioning the procedure for heating mode or for cooling mode at full load the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and with one reference value for the larger and one for the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and a comparatively smaller fraction as a reference value for the smaller setpoint value this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power), preferably one in the range between about 0.4 to 0.8 times this Value, is chosen. 29. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, characterized. that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating up at full load, the consumer power as the maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease of the same occurs, determined and with a reference value each for the larger and for the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger one Setpoint a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and a comparatively smaller fraction as a reference value for the smaller setpoint value this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably one in the range between about 0.4 to 0.8 times the same value will. 30. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that when commissioning the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation or for Heating mode for heating up after cooling down or, in cooling mode, for cooling down after heating, in each case at full load, the length of the period of time during which for the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value of consumer performance there is a reduction in the same for the first time, determined and with a reference value each for the larger and for the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger one Setpoint a according to the greater length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the temporal Change in the consumer power of large and correspondingly smaller lengths of this period of time and / or larger measure of the change in consumer power over time, small fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and as a smaller Setpoint is in each case a comparatively smaller fraction compared to this fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power more common The reference variable as such is a longer and / or shorter period of time Measure of the temporal change in consumer power large fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and according to the shorter length of this Period of time and / or greater degree of change in consumer power over time small fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) is selected. 31. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized. daR when commissioning the method for heating or for cooling or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating, in each case at full load, the length of the period of time during which for the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the temporal Change in consumer performance after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value the consumer power is the first time a decrease in the same occurs and according to the extent of the length of this period and / or the extent of the temporal Change in consumer power the reference variable (s) for the larger and for the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power can be changed or is, preferably by each having a reference value for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to the larger Length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the change in consumer power over time the reference variable for the larger setpoint by a smaller amount and the reference variable for the smaller target value by a relatively larger one compared to this amount Amount and according to the smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure of the temporal Change the consumer power the reference value for the larger setpoint by one larger amount and the reference value for the smaller setpoint by one compared to this amount is a relatively smaller amount or for the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer line common reference value according to the greater length of this period of time and / or the lesser extent of the change over time the consumer power this common reference value by a smaller amount and according to the shorter length of this time span and / or a larger amount of the temporal Changes in consumer power reduce this reference value by a larger amount will or will. 32. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 31, each with one Reference value for the larger and for the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power, characterized. that the supply of operating energy for heat or Chiller is reduced when one of the by a fraction of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value for this larger setpoint corresponding value exceeded or one of the by the remainder of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of Consumer power reduced reference value for this larger setpoint corresponding Value is fallen below, and is increased if during a predetermined Duration of the fluctuation range by a fraction of the smaller nominal value the consumer power increased reference value for this smaller setpoint corresponding Value not exceeded and one of the remainder of the lower setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value for this lower setpoint value is not undershot. 33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that according to a Change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator (control process) as new reference values for the larger one and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case in the ratio of immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time setting consumer power to the previous consumer power or enlarged reference values for the larger and for the smaller setpoint Values are chosen. 34. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 31 with a common Reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power, characterized in that the supply of operating energy to the Heat resp. Chiller is reduced if>. the half of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of consumer power increased reference value corresponding value exceeded or one of the value by half of the higher setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value Value is fallen below, and is increased if during a predetermined Duration of the fluctuation range by half of the smaller setpoint value Consumer power increased reference value corresponding value not exceeded and one of the half of the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range The value corresponding to the reduced reference value for the consumer power is not fallen below will. 35. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 31 with a common Reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power, characterized. that the supply of operating energy for heat or Chiller is reduced if one of the reference or a the corresponding value increased by the larger setpoint is exceeded or one of the reference variables reduced by the larger setpoint or one of these itself corresponding value is fallen below, and is increased if during a predetermined period of time one of the reference variable or one of the smaller setpoint value The value corresponding to the increased reference value is not exceeded and one of the smaller setpoint reduced reference value or a corresponding one itself Value is not fallen below. 36. The method according to claim 34 or 35, characterized. that after a change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator the one that occurs immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time Consumer power as a new reference value for the upper and lower levels Limit of the setpoint band corresponding to the fluctuation range ~ of the consumer power Value of the same is chosen. 37. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 36, characterized in that that the upper and / or lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding value of the same in each case according to the change its reference size is changed by increasing its reference size is increased and reduced when its reference size is reduced. 38. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 37 with performing a Multiple provisions of consumer performance for at least the duration of one predetermined time period, characterized in that for each result a plurality of provisions of consumer performance the difference between it and the previous one Result of this plurality of determinations of the consumer performance as a fluctuation the same determined in terms of amount and when a predetermined number of monotonically increasing results of a plurality of determinations of the fluctuation of the Consumer power preferably when the upper limit of the target value range is exceeded the fluctuation range of the consumer power the supply of operating energy to the Heat or cold generator reduced and when a predetermined number occurs of monotonically decreasing or practically constant results of a plurality of determining the fluctuation in consumer power when the lower limit is not reached Limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator is increased. 39. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, is carried out, characterized in that when a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above or below the upper or lower limit the lower limit of the specified target value band of its fluctuation range is the supply of heating or cooling power to that located in the heating or coolant flow Heat transfer medium by changing the ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed into the heating or coolant supply to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device which determines this ratio changes and which changes immediately afterwards or after a predetermined period of time adjusting consumer power and the difference between this and the consumer power, its range of fluctuation for the previous deviation was determinative, determined and with this difference as the limit of the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power for the previous deviation The determining factor was this change at the corresponding new limit of this target value band the supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant supply located heat transfer medium is repeated as soon as there is again a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper or below the lower limit this target value band of its fluctuation range determined by this new limit occurs. 40. The method according to claim 39, characterized. that the share from the heat or cold generator into the heating or Coolant feed mass flow to total mass j current when there is a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power the upper limit of the specified target value band of its range of fluctuation reduced and when there is a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range is enlarged. 41. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which the change which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, takes place, characterized. that when occurring a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range beyond that in the heating or coolant upstream heat transfer medium supplied heat or cooling power is thereby reduced that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium is decreased in heating mode and increased in cooling mode, and during a predetermined period of time occurring deviation the fluctuation the consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value range their range of fluctuation is that of the flow in the heating or cooling medium The heating or cooling capacity supplied to the heat transfer medium is thereby increased, that the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium increases in heating mode and is reduced in cooling mode. 42. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that that when commissioning the method for heating or cooling operation in the Heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cooling generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and the larger setpoint corresponds to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (! commissioning consumer power) and the smaller setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power a smaller fraction of this maximum possible compared to this fraction Consumer power (commissioning consumer power), preferably one in the area between about a tenth and a half of the larger fraction Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, is chosen. 43. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 42, characterized in that that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating in the heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time at which for the first time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a reduction of the same occurs, and the larger setpoint value of the fluctuation range is determined the consumer power corresponding to a fraction of this maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power corresponding to a smaller in comparison to this fraction Fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably a fraction lying in the range between about one tenth and one half that corresponds to the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power Value of the same, is chosen. 44 .The method according to any one of claims 39 to 43, characterized in that that when commissioning the method for heating or for cooling or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating, in each case with the heating or coolant flow from the heating or cold generator from the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium zupeiserioer Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device the length of the period of time during which the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value the consumer power is the first time a decrease in the same occurs and according to the extent of the length of this period and / or the extent of the temporal Change this consumer power the larger and the smaller specified setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power is changed by with greater Length of this period and / or lesser degree of change over time this consumer power both specified setpoints of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power by a smaller amount and with a smaller length of this time span and / or a greater degree of the temporal change in this consumer power are both specified Setpoint values of the fluctuation range of the consumer power by a larger amount be reduced. 45. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 44, characterized in that that as a reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power in each case an arbitrarily specified value of the consumer power (Business consumer power) is selected. 46. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 44, characterized in that that as a common reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power is an arbitrarily predetermined value of the consumer power (Operating consumer power) is selected. 47. The method according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that when commissioning the procedure for heating operation or çur cooling operation for heating or coolant flow from the heat or Chiller from full total mass drainage of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device, the consumer power as maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, determined and each time one Reference value for the larger and for the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint is a fraction this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and as a reference variable for the smaller setpoint, a comparative smaller Fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) preferably one in the range between about 0.4 to 0.8 times this Value, is chosen. 48. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 47, characterized that in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating in the heating or coolant flow from the heating or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the injected mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as the maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease of the same occurs, determined and with a reference value each for the larger and for the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger one Setpoint a fraction of this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and a comparatively smaller fraction as a reference value for the smaller setpoint value this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value as a reference value for these two setpoints is a fraction this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably one in the range between approximately 0.4 to 0.8 times the same value, is selected will. 49. The method according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that when commissioning the method for heating or cooling or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating in each case in the heating or coolant flow from the heating or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device the length of the period of time during which the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the change in consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value the consumer power is the first time a decrease in the same occurs and with one reference value each for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a reference value for the larger setpoint a correspondingly greater length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the temporal Change in the consumer power of greater and correspondingly smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure of the change in consumer power over time, small fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and as a smaller Setpoint is a comparatively smaller fraction of the compared to this fraction maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or for the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power more common The reference variable as such is a longer and / or shorter period of time Measure of the temporal change in consumer power large fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and according to the shorter length of this Period of time and / or greater degree of change in consumer power over time small fraction the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) is selected. 50. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 49, characterized. that when commissioning the method for heating or for cooling or in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating in each case with the heating or cooling medium flow from the heating or cold generator her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device the length of the period of time during which the first time the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with practical constant value occurs, and / or the change in this consumer power over time after the point in time at which after this period of time with a practically constant value the consumer power is the first time a decrease in the same occurs and according to the extent of the length of this period and / or the extent of the temporal Change in consumer power the reference variable (s) for the larger and for the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power can be changed or is, preferably by each having a reference variable for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to the larger Length of this time span and / or a smaller measure of the change in consumer power over time the reference variable for the larger setpoint by a smaller amount and the reference variable for the smaller target value by a relatively larger one compared to this amount Amount and according to the smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure of the temporal Change the consumer power the reference value for the larger setpoint by one larger amount and the reference value for the smaller setpoint by one compared to proportionate to this amount lower amount or for the the larger and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power common reference value according to the greater length of this time span and / or shorter Measure of the temporal change in consumer power this common reference value by a smaller amount and according to the smaller length of this time span and / or larger measure of the temporal change in consumer power this reference value will be reduced or will be reduced by a larger amount. 51. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 50, each with one Reference value for the larger and for the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range the consumer power, characterized in that by changing the position of the ratio of the mass flow supplied by the heat or cold generator to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining organ of the multi-way Mi Scheinrichtung this mass flow ratio is reduced if one of the Fraction of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power increased reference value for this larger setpoint value exceeded or one of the by the remainder of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of Consumer power reduced reference value for this larger setpoint corresponding Value is fallen below, and is increased if during a predetermined Duration of the fluctuation range by a fraction of the smaller nominal value the consumer power increased reference value for this smaller setpoint corresponding Value not exceeded and one of the remainder of the lower setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value for this lower setpoint value is not undershot. 52. The method according to claim 51, characterized. that after one Change in the ratio of that supplied by the heat or cold generator Mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or a change the position of this causing organ of the multi-way mixing device (Control process) as new reference values for the larger and the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case in the ratio of the consumer power setting immediately thereafter or after a predetermined period of time reference values that are reduced or increased compared to the previous consumer output corresponding values can be selected for the larger and for the smaller setpoint. 53. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 50 with a common Reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power, characterized1 that by changing the position of the ratio of the mass flow supplied by the heat or cold generator to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining organ of the multi-way mixing device this mass flow ratio is reduced when one of the by half the larger Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power increased reference value corresponding value exceeded or one of the value by half of the higher setpoint corresponding to the fluctuation range of the consumer power reduced reference value Value is fallen below, and is increased if during a predetermined Duration of the fluctuation range by half of the smaller setpoint value Consumer power increased reference value corresponding value not exceeded and one of the half of the smaller target value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power the value corresponding to the reduced reference value is not fallen below. 54. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 50 with a common Reference value for the larger and the smaller nominal value of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power, characterized1 that by changing the position of the ratio of the mass flow supplied by the heat or cold generator to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining organ of the multi-way mixing device this mass flow ratio is reduced is when one of the reference variable or a value corresponding to the reference variable increased by the larger setpoint exceeded or one of the reference values reduced by the larger setpoint or a value corresponding to this itself is not reached and is increased, if during a predetermined period of time one of the reference variables or one of the lower setpoint, reduced reference value, corresponding value is not exceeded and one of the reference values reduced by the smaller target value or one of these itself the corresponding value is not fallen below. 55. The method according to claim 53 or 54, characterized in that after a change in the ratio of the heat or Cooling generator fed in mass flow to total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or a change in the position of this effect Organ of the multi-way mixing device (control process) which occurs immediately afterwards or after a predetermined period of time setting consumer power as a new one Reference value for the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value selected the same will. 56. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 55, characterized in that that the upper and / or lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range the consumer power corresponding value of the same in each case according to the change its reference size is changed by increasing its reference size is increased and reduced when its reference size is reduced. 57. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 56, with performing a Multiple provisions of consumer performance for at least the duration of one predetermined time period, characterized in that for each result a plurality of provisions of consumer performance the difference between it and the previous one Result of this plurality of determinations of consumer performance as Fluctuation of the same determined in terms of amount and when a predetermined one occurs Number of monotonically increasing results of a plurality of determinations of the fluctuation the consumer power, preferably when the upper limit of the setpoint range is exceeded the fluctuation range of consumer power by changing the position of the the ratio of the mass flow supplied by the heat or cold generator to the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium-determining organ of the multi-way mixing device this mass flow ratio is reduced and when a predetermined number occurs of monotonically decreasing or practically constant results of a plurality of determining the fluctuation in consumer power when the lower limit is not reached Limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power through change the position of the ratio of the heat or cold generator fed in Mass flow to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium determining organ of Multi-way mixing device this mass flow ratio is increased. 58. Method according to one of the preceding claims with determination the maximum possible and / or the maximum consumer power, characterized in that that for comfort mode, in which for at least one room to be tempered one compared to the other room or room to be tempered Compared to rooms with particularly high or low room temperatures What is to be maintained is the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to a large fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.25 to 0.5 times the same, and the smaller setpoint of the Fluctuation range of consumer power corresponding to a comparatively smaller one Fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.4 to 0.6 times this large fraction is chosen. 59. Method according to one of the preceding claims with determination the maximum possible and / or the maximum consumer power, characterized in that that for normal operation, in which for all rooms to be tempered an approximately the same Maintain room temperature at a height sufficient for a good feeling of comfort is, the larger setpoint corresponds to the fluctuation range of the consumer power an average fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.1 to 0.25 times the same, and the smaller target value of Fluctuation range of consumer power corresponding to a comparatively smaller one Fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.3 to 0.4 times this mean fraction is chosen. 60. Method according to one of the preceding claims with determination the maximum possible and / or the maximum consumer power, characterized in that that for night reduction resp. Economy mode, with roughly the same for all rooms to be tempered Room temperature is even more sufficient for people, animals or goods to be present The larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power is to be maintained corresponding to a comparatively small fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably between about 0.05 to 0.1 times this, and the smaller Setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power according to a comparative smaller fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) preferably between about 0.2 to 0.3 times this small fraction will. 61. The method according to any one of the preceding claims for heating of rooms with determination of the maximum possible and / or the maximum consumer power, characterized in that for frost protection operation, in which for all to be heated There is only one freezing of the heat transfer medium in the radiators and / or to maintain the room temperature preventing this leading pipe system is, the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power with only slight difference to the smaller setpoint of the consumer power, preferably practically equal to this, and the smaller setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding to a value close to the vanishing value of this fluctuation range is chosen. 62. The method according to any one of claims 58 to 61, characterized. that the fluctuation in consumer power in each case during a predetermined period of time is monitored for deviation below its lower setpoint. 63. The method according to claim 62, characterized in that the predetermined The duration of the monitoring in normal operation is longer than that of the monitoring in comfort operation or the predetermined duration of the monitoring in night reduction or economy mode longer than that of the monitoring in normal mode and in comfort mode or the predetermined time duration of the monitoring in frost protection mode longer than that of the Monitoring in night reduction or economy mode and in normal mode as well is selected in comfort mode. 64. The method according to any one of claims 58 to 63 with changing the the heat transfer medium located in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling capacity through Switching the feed on and off the operating energy to the heat or cold generator characterized in that the Ratio of the duration of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator for the duration of the interruption of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator Range between about 1 in 5 to 1 in 20 is chosen. 65. The method according to any one of claims 58 to 63 with changing the the heat transfer medium located in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output through continuous change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, characterized in that the heat or cold generator Operating energy in for maintaining a range between approximately 0.2- up to 0.05 times the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or the operational consumer power or the reference value for their permissible range of fluctuation this consumer power is supplied in sufficient measure. 66. The method according to any one of claims 58 to 63 with changing the the heat transfer medium located in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, characterized in that the heating or coolant supply heat transfer medium in one to maintain an im Range between approximately 0.2 to 0.05 times the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) or the operational consumer power or the reference value for their permissible fluctuation range lying fraction of this consumer power sufficient ratio of the Heat or cold generator fed mass flow to the total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium is supplied. 67. Method according to one of the preceding claims with determination the maximum possible and the maximum consumer power, characterized that when starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Feeding position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) determined and when a Deviation of the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) the specified Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as a function of the Ratio of maximum to maximum possible consumer power is changed. 68. Method according to one of the preceding claims with determination the maximum possible and the maximum consumer power, characterized that when starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow the consumer power as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and in heating mode for heating up after cooling down or in cooling mode for Cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant supply full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device the consumer power as maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) determined and when a predetermined deviation of the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. 69. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that when commissioning the method for heating mode or for cooling mode at full opening of all throttling devices of the total mass flow as the maximum possible Total mass flow (commissioning total mass flow) and in heating mode for heating after cooling down or in cooling mode for cooling down after heating up at full opening of all throttle devices, the total mass flow as the maximum total mass flow (Start-up total mass flow) is determined and when a predetermined deviation occurs of the maximum total mass flow (starting total mass flow) of the maximum possible Total mass flow (commissioning total mass flow) this irregularity optically and / or is made acoustically perceptible. 70. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that when starting the procedure for heating operation or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow as well as full opening of all throttle devices the difference of the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium as the minimum possible Temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) and in heating mode for Heating up after cooling down or, in cooling mode, for cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow from the heat or cold generator, her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the Ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device as well as full opening of all throttle devices the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the minimum Temperature difference (starting temperature difference) is determined and when a predetermined deviation of the minimum temperature difference (starting temperature difference) the minimum possible temperature difference (commissioning temperature difference) this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. 71. Method according to one of the preceding claims with modification which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output by switching the supply of operating energy on and off to the heat or cold generator, characterized in that in the absence of a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or be-i absence of a deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range In addition, this irregularity visually and / or within a predetermined period of time is made acoustically perceptible. 72. Method according to one of the preceding claims with modification which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow Heating or cooling output through continuous change in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator, characterized in that at Miss a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the Setpoint band of their range of fluctuation and / or in the absence of a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range within a specified period of time that the heat or cold generator supplied operating energy by one for maintaining a Increased consumer power increased by a predetermined value to a sufficient extent and in the further absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power beyond the upper limit of the target value band within their fluctuation range a further predetermined period of time, preferably in the case of a persistent lack of a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range within a further specified period of time despite a further increase in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator by one for maintaining one by another predetermined value increased consumer power sufficient level of this irregularity visually and / or is made acoustically perceptible. 73. The method according to any one of the preceding claims with modification which is supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling medium flow Heating or cooling output by means of a multi-way mixing device, such as, for example a three- or four-way mixer, characterized. that in the absence of one Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range In addition, within a specified period of time, the ratio of the heat or Cold generator fed into the heating or coolant flow Mass flow to total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium to maintain a consumer power increased by a predetermined value sufficient Increased level and in the further absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power beyond the upper limit of the target value band within their fluctuation range a further predetermined period of time, preferably in the case of a persistent lack of a Deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range within a further specified period of time despite a further increase in the ratio of the heat or cold generator The mass flow fed into the heating or coolant supply to the total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a further predetermined value this irregularity is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. 74. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that over a predetermined period of time the number of deviations occurring during operation the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower Limit of the setpoint range of their fluctuation range and / or the number of in operation occurring changes in the form of recordings and / or termination or reductions and / or Increases in the supply of heating or cooling capacity to the heating or cooling system The heat transfer medium in the coolant flow or in operation occurring changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium measured and according to the deviation of this number from a predetermined number such deviations in the fluctuation of consumer power beyond the limit of the Setpoint band or such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or that of the setpoint of the flow temperature, the setpoint band of the fluctuation range the consumer power is changed. 75. The method according to claim 74, characterized in that when measuring one compared to the specified number of deviations the fluctuation the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or the number of changes in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow or the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium larger number of such deviations of the fluctuation in consumer power or changes in this heat or cooling power supply or those occurring during operation Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power changed in the direction of increasing the difference between these two limits and when measuring a deviation from the specified number of fluctuations the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or the number of changes in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow or the changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature that occur during operation of the heat transfer medium lower number of such deviations of the fluctuation Consumer power or changes in this heating or cooling power supply or Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power is changed in the direction of reducing the difference between these two limits. 76. The method according to any one of claims 60 to 75, characterized in that that for the beginning of a cooling and / or for the beginning of a heating a setpoint band the fluctuation range of the consumer power with only a fraction the consumer power that comes into effect for daily operation smallest possible difference between the upper and lower limit of the setpoint range the fluctuation range of the consumer power with a time tolerance threshold is specified. 77. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized. that continuously or at predetermined time intervals in the heating or cooling medium Flow and return flow total mass flow of the heat transfer medium measured and, if desired, is made visually and / or acoustically perceptible. 78. The method according to claim 77, characterized. that continu ierlich or at predetermined time intervals from the measured values of the flow and return temperature determined difference value of these two temperatures of the Heat transfer medium and the measured value determined at the same time in the heating or Coolant flow or return flow of the total mass flow of the same a measured value of the heating or cooling medium fed into the heating or cooling medium flow Formed cooling capacity and this if desired visually and / or acoustically perceptible is made. 79. Device for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered through flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a heat generator connected radiators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a Target room temperature can be regulated, with a device for measuring the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and a control device, through which in dependence from the measurement of the same the supply and removal of thermal energy to or from the Heat transfer medium can be influenced, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized. that a facility (70) for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or coolant supply (14) (supply temperature) and a device (71 or 72) to measure the temperature of the heat transfer medium in which the individual radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through the same individual mass flows summarizing return line (16 or 79) (return temperature) is provided and that the control device (20 or 20, 20b) is preferably one via measured value lines (80 or 81 or 82) with these temperature measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) connected device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values of flow and return temperature, one via impulse lines with this and / or the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) for the flow and return temperatures as well as a time programming device connected to the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow (83) to initiate continuous or at predetermined time intervals at the same time taking place acquisition of the measured values of flow and return temperature and total mass flow and / or continuous or simultaneous delivery of the determined value of the difference Return temperature and the measured value of the total mass flow, one on the one hand with this time programming device (83) and the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from Flow and return temperature each via impulse lines and, on the other hand, preferably Via a measured value line (15) to the device (5) for measuring the total mass flow connected multiplier (50) for continuous or in predetermined The products are formed continuously or at predetermined intervals Measured values obtained at intervals of the total mass flow and the difference at the same time Determined measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the instantaneous values of the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between that fed into the heating or coolant supply line (14) and the fed back to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) Heating or cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) summarizing individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through Return line (16 or 79) fed back heating or cooling capacity (consumer capacity), a memory device connected to the multiplier device (50) via a pulse line (85) to store at least one, preferably two or more of these determined instantaneous values of the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of Difference between that fed into the heating or coolant flow (14) and the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that provided by the individual heating elements or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling output (consumer output) and one each via impulse lines on the one hand with this memory device (85) and on the other hand with the multiplier device (50) connected power comparison device (63), which via an impulse line sequential control device connected to it (86) in the sense of a Carrying out a sequence of comparisons of the last determined instantaneous value the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in the heating or cooling medium flow (14) and the heating or cooling Cold generator (2) heat or cooling power fed back via the return (16 or 79) or through which the individual radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) through-flowing single mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back heating or cooling power (consumer power) with each of the previously determined instantaneous values stored in the storage device (85) the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in fed into the heating or coolant flow (14) and the heat or Cold generator (2) via the return (16 resp. 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that provided by the individual heating elements or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling output (consumer output) to determine at least one, preferably a sequence of fluctuations in this consumed heating or cooling power in the form of the difference between the flow in the heating or cooling medium (14) fed in and fed to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) fed back heat or Cooling capacity or the individual radiators or Cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling power (consumer power) can be actuated, and adjustable Setpoint generators (41, 42) each have an upper and a lower limit of a setpoint band the fluctuation range of the difference between that in the heating or cooling medium flow (14) and fed to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that of the individual Radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through Return line summarizing the individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium (16 resp. 79) fed back heating or cooling power (consumer power) forming the upper and lower setpoint and one via a pulse line to this power comparator (63) connected fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of the value (s) supplied by the performance comparison device (63) Fluctuation in the heating or cooling capacity consumed in the form of the difference between the one fed into the heating or coolant flow (14) and the one fed to the heating heat or cold generator (2) fed back via the return (16 or 79). Cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) summarizing individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through Return line (16 or 79) fed back heating or cooling output (consumer output) above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and one via a control line (19 or 18 or 17) with a device (9 or 8 or 7) to influence the heating or coolant flow (14) fed in heat resp. Has cooling power connected control command generator (62). 80. Device for regulating the temperature in rooms to be tempered through flow and return lines for a heat transfer medium with a heat generator connected radiators or cooling devices connected to a cold generator with automatically acting throttle devices provided on these, by means of which the one entering the respective radiator or the respective cooling device Mass flow of the heat transfer medium as a function of the actual room temperature of a The target room temperature can be regulated, with a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet to the heating or coolant flow (flow temperature) and a device for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the individual radiators or cooling devices single mass flows flowing through the same summarizing return line (return temperature) and a device to determine the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures and a control device through which, as a function of this, the measured values temperature difference determined from the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium the supply and removal of thermal energy to or from the heat transfer medium can be influenced is, in particular for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 78, characterized in that a device (5) for measuring the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one via impulse lines with the device (74) for determining the difference Simultaneous measured values of the flow and return temperature and / or the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) for these temperatures as well as with the measuring device (5) for the time programming device (83) connected to the total mass flow for initiation continuous extraction or extraction that takes place at the same time at specified time intervals the measured values of flow and return temperature and total mass flow and / or continuous or simultaneous delivery of the determined Value of the difference between flow and return temperature and the measured value of the Total mass flow, one on the one hand with this time programming device (83) and the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from Flow and return temperature each via impulse lines and, on the other hand, preferably Via a measured value line (15) to the device (5) for measuring the total mass flow connected multiplier (50) for continuous or in predetermined The products are formed continuously or at predetermined intervals Measured values obtained at intervals of the total mass flow and the difference at the same time Determined measured values of the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium as the instantaneous values of the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in the heating or coolant flow (14) fed in and that fed back to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) Heating or cooling capacity or that of the individual radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) summarizing individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium flowing through Return line (16 or 79) fed back heating or cooling capacity (consumer capacity) a memory device connected to the multiplier device (50) via a pulse line (85) to store at least one, preferably two or more of these determined instantaneous values of the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of Difference between that fed into the heating or coolant flow (14) and the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that provided by the individual heating elements or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling output (consumer output) and one each via impulse lines on the one hand with this memory device (85) and on the other hand with the multiplier device (50) connected power comparison device (63), which via an impulse line sequence control device (86) connected to it in the sense of performing a sequence of comparisons of the last determined instantaneous value of the consumed heat or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between that in the heating or coolant flow (14) and fed to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that of the individual Individual mass flows flowing through heating elements or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling output (consumer output) with each of the in the storage device (85) stored, previously determined instantaneous values of the consumed heat or Cooling capacity in the form of the difference between that in the heating or cooling medium feed (14) and the the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 resp. 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that provided by the individual heating elements or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling output (consumer output) to determine at least one, preferably a sequence of fluctuations in this consumed heating or cooling power in the form of the difference between the flow in the heating or cooling medium (14) fed in and fed to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) fed back heat or Cooling capacity or the individual radiators or Cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) flowing through individual mass flows of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Heating or cooling power (consumer power) can be actuated, and adjustable Setpoint generators (41, 42) each have an upper and a lower limit of a setpoint band the fluctuation range of the difference in the heating or coolant flow (14) and fed to the heat or cold generator (2) via the return (16 or 79) heat or cooling power fed back or that of the individual Individual mass flows flowing through heating elements or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) of the heat transfer medium summarizing return line (16 or 79) fed back Upper and lower setpoints forming the heating or cooling capacity (consumer capacity) and one via an impulse line to this power comparator (63) connected fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of the or the values (s) of the fluctuation supplied by the performance comparison device (63) the consumed heating or cooling capacity in the form of the difference between the in fed into the heating or coolant flow (14) and the heat or Cold generator (2) heat or cooling power fed back via the return (16 or 79) or through which the individual radiators or cooling devices (3 or 3a, 3b) single mass flows flowing through summary of the heat transfer medium Return line (16 or 79) fed back heating or cooling output (consumer output) above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and one via a control line (19 or 18 or 17) with a device (9 or 8 or 7) to influence the heating or Coolant flow (14) connected to the fed heat or cooling power Has control command transmitter (62). 81. Apparatus according to claim 79 or 80, characterized in that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) each with a pulse line on the one hand the storage device (85) and on the other hand the time programming device (83) and / or the fluctuation comparison device (27) and / or the sequence control device (86) and the acknowledgment and deletion device connected to the control command generator (62) (87), by means of which, after the actuating command generator (62) has taken action, for Elimination of a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power from one of the The storage device limits the predetermined setpoint range of its fluctuation range (85) in the sense of a deletion of the instantaneous values of the consumer power stored in it with the exception of a predetermined value of the same as a reference value and for at least the duration of a predetermined period of time the time programming device (83) and / or the fluctuation comparison device (27) and / or the sequence control device (86) - im Meaning of carrying out a further sequence of determinations of instantaneous values the consumer power and from this the determination of at least one, preferably a sequence of fluctuation (s) thereof and, if one occurs, the upper limit of the setpoint band exceeds the fluctuation range of the consumer power or a deviation that falls below the lower limit of this setpoint range the fluctuation in the consumer power of the actuating command generator (62) in the sense of a Elimination of this deviation can be actuated. 82. Device according to one of claims 79 to 81, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20, 20b) on the one hand via a pulse line with the fluctuation comparison device (27) and on the other hand via another Pulse line with the proportional controller (21) connected to the control command generator (62) having. 83. Apparatus according to claim 82, characterized in that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one via pulse lines with the fluctuation comparison device (27) and the proportional controller (21) as well as with the control command transmitter (62) Integral controller (22) with time-dependent integrating unit (36a) for the deviation of the Fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint band of their Fluctuation range and / or time-dependent integrating unit (36b) for the deviation the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the setpoint range their range of fluctuation. 84. Apparatus according to claim 81 or 82, characterized in that the ragging device (20 or 20a, 20b) connects to the fluctuation comparison device via pulse lines (27) and the proportional controller (21) and / or possibly the integral controller (22) as well as with the control command generator (62) connected differential controller (23) with a device (38a) for determining the extent of the change in the deviation over time the fluctuation of the consumer power above the upper limit of the specified target value range their fluctuation range and / or a device (38b) for determining the Measure of the temporal change in a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range and / or a device (39a) for determining the change in the measure over time the change over time of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power beyond the upper limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or a device (39b) for determining the temporal change in the degree of the temporal modification a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit this target value band has. 85. Apparatus according to claim 83 or 84, characterized in that that the integral controller (22) has a time-dependent integrating unit (88 or 88a, 88b) for the fluctuation in consumer power and another time-dependent one in each case Integrating unit (37a, 37b) for the as a reference variable for the respective deviation the fluctuation of the consumer power serving upper or lower limit of the Setpoint band of their fluctuation range corresponding fluctuation range and the Control device (20 resp. 20a, 20b) each via impulse lines with both integrating units (88 or 88a, 88b; 37a; 37b) connected device (34) for forming the ratio simultaneous results from both integrating units (88 or 88a, 88b; 37a, 37b) or whose reciprocal has. 86. Device according to one of claims 83 to 85, characterized. that the integral controller (22) apart from a first time-dependent integrating unit (36a) for the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit the setpoint band of their fluctuation range and / or a first time-dependent Integrating unit (36b) for the deviation of the fluctuation in the consumer power below the lower limit of the target value band is another time-dependent one Integrating unit (37a, 37b) for the difference between the upper and lower limit of the Setpoint band corresponding fluctuation range of the consumer power as well as a connected to the two integrating units (36a and 36b; 37a and 37b) via impulse lines Summing device (84) for forming the sum of simultaneous results from both integrating units (36a or 36b; 37a or 37b) and the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one each via impulse lines on the one hand with this and on the other hand with at least the time-dependent one Integrating unit (37a, 37b) for the difference between the upper and lower limit of the Setpoint -Bandes corresponding fluctuation range of consumer power associated device (35) for forming the ratio of simultaneous results this integrating mechanism (37a, 37b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal value has this ratio. 87. Apparatus according to claim 85 or 86, characterized in that the device (34 or 35) for forming the ratio of simultaneous results both integrating units (88 or 88a, 88b; 37a, 37b; 36a or 37b; 37a or 37b) or the first time-dependent integrator (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these ratios an adjustable pulse blocking device (65) by means of which the pulse line (s) to the device (s) (31 or 32 or 33) to change the gain of the proportional controller (21) and / or the reset time of the integral controller (22) and / or the lead time of the Differential controller (23) only when a predetermined value of the ratio is present simultaneous results from both integrating units (88 or 88a, 88b; 37a 37b; 36a or 36b; 37a or 37b) or the first time-dependent integrating unit (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these ratios can be released is or are. 88. Apparatus according to claim 85 or 86, characterized in that - the Device (31) for changing the gain of the proportional controller (21) and / or the device (32) for changing the reset time of the integral controller (22) and / or the device (33) for changing the lead time of the differential controller (23) each via an impulse line with the device (34 or 35) for formation the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrators (88 or 88a, 88b; 37a, 37b; 36a or 36b; 37a or 37b) or the first time-dependent integrator (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these ratios connected adjusting device (66), by means of which the assigned Modification device (31 or 32 or 33) lim in the sense of avoiding exceeding a predetermined value of the ratio of simultaneous results from both integrators (88 or 88a, 88b; 37a, 37b; 36a or 36b; 37a or 37b) or the first time-dependent integrator (36a or 36b) and the summing device (84) or the reciprocal of these Relationships is adjustable. 89. Device according to one of claims 79 to 88, characterized. that as a heat generator (2) a fuel-fired or with electrical energy fed boiler and / or one charged on the primary side with primary heat transfer medium Heat exchanger, for example a flue gas cooler or a district heating transfer station or an output heat exchanger of a heat pump and / or an electro-compression heat pump and / or a gas or diesel engine operated heat pump or sorption heat pump or as a cold generator an electric compression chiller and / or a gas or diesel-motoxic-operated refrigeration machine or sorption refrigeration machine and as Via the control line (19) with the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) connected Device for influencing the heating or cooling medium feed (14) Heating or cooling output a device for influencing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) is provided. 90. Apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that the Heat or cold generator (2) can be supplied discontinuously with operating energy and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) an actuating command transmitter which emits clocked actuating commands (62), by means of which the device for influencing the supply of operating energy the control commands can be fed to the heat or cold generator (2) as on-off commands are, in each case when determining a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power beyond the upper limit of your specified setpoint range by an OFF command the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) lockable and if the fluctuation deviates during a predetermined period of time the consumer power below the lower limit of its specified setpoint range the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator by means of an on command (2) is releasable. 91. Apparatus according to claim 90, characterized in that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device (29) for determining the in the course of commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode on cooling after heating and / or each time the supply of Operating energy for the heat or cold generator (2) after the same has ended as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time to after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and one adjustable ratio setting device each connected to it via an impulse line (46a, 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper and the lower limit the setpoint band, the fluctuation range of the consumer power and one or each one via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device (46a, 46b) of the setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change to a set value the assigned upper limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to a fraction of this maximum in both heating and cooling mode possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrary Has selectable value, this arbitrarily selectable value corresponding to a smaller fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) respectively. the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one lying in the range between about one tenth and one half Fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, can be selected. 92. Apparatus according to claim 90 or 91, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) either via a pulse line amount comparison device (89) connected to the multiplier device (50) to determine the difference between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power or one via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) connected instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) for storage the differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power has, wherein the amount comparison device (89) or the instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) each via an impulse line with a tendency comparison device (91) to determine the tendency of the change in the differences between each of the latter and the penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power is, which in turn each have a pulse line on the one hand with a number setting device (92) for the arbitrary specification of a trigger threshold for the actuation of the Control command generator (82) effective number of such differences between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and on the other hand via a counter (93) for these differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power with the positioning command transmitter (82) and with a position indicator (94) connected to the feedback of the operating status of the control command transmitter (62) is. 93. Device according to one of claims 79 to 91 with detector device to determine the heating operation during commissioning of the device or for cooling operation as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or each time the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator after termination of the same as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) occurring consumer power, characterized in that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one via a pulse line to the multiplier (50) connected storage device (85) for storing the determined values of the Consumer power and one each via a pulse line with this and with the deviation comparison device (95) connected to the detector device (29) for Determination of the difference in the respective determined value of the consumer power of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), which via an impulse line with a tendency comparison device (91) for determination the tendency to change the differences between each determined Value of the consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) is, in turn, each with a pulse line on the one hand with a Payment default facility (92) for the arbitrary specification of a trigger threshold for the actuation of the Control command generator (62) effective number of such differences between each one determined value of the consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and on the other hand via a counter (93) for these differences between each a determined value of the consumer power and the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) with the control command transmitter (62) and with a position indicator (94) for Feedback of the operating status of the control command generator (62) is connected. 94. Apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that the Heat or cold generator (2) can be continuously supplied with operating energy and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one during the operating period of the heat resp. The refrigeration generator (2) constantly emits a modulated control command Control command transmitter (62), by means of which the device (9 or 8 or 7) to influence the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) the setting commands as modulation differences in terms of amount during the operating period continuously available operating command can be supplied, with each determination a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power over the upper limit of their of the specified setpoint range, the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator (2) can be reduced depending on this deviation and when determined a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power below the lower limit the supply of operating energy to the heat or Cold generator (2) can be increased as a function of this deviation. 95. Apparatus according to claim 94, characterized. that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint value-increasing device (43) with a via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device (29) for determining the in the course of commissioning of the device for heating or cooling operation as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling after heating as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer line and one or one each connected to this via an impulse line adjustable ratio output device (46a, 46b) as a setpoint value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned target value generating device (46a or 46b) of the target value selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power on both in heating mode and in cooling mode Fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) or this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrarily selectable value, this being arbitrarily selectable Value corresponding to a smaller fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one lying in the range between about one tenth and one half Fraction of the larger nominal value of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, can be selected. 96. Apparatus according to claim 94 or 95, characterized in that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device (29) for determining the in the course of commissioning the device (1) for heating or for cooling operation at full load as maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) to the Point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and / or during heating operation after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating in each case at full load as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time to after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power for the first time a decrease in the same occurs, occurring consumer power and a or one adjustable ratio device connected to it via an impulse line (46a or 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power, furthermore an over a pulse line with the multiplier (50) or with one in turn connected to the power comparison device (63) via an impulse line Amount comparison device connected to the instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) (89) to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer power by determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and one via an impulse line time span measuring device (96) connected to the detector device (29) for Determination of the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via a pulse line (57) and with a switch-on and a switch-off device (97 and 98), which in turn each connected to the magnitude comparison device (89) via pulse lines are, at least the switch-off device (98) preferably also with the detector device (29) is connected via an impulse line, and / or each via an impulse line either with the amount comparison device (89) or with the multiplier device (50) and on the other hand with a device (99) for outputting time spans corresponding Dividing device (67) connected to pulses for determining the time gradient the reduction in consumer power after the end of the period with practical constant value of the same, each via a pulse line with a gradient specification and comparing means (100) with a time of the end of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or Switch-off device (97, 98), preferably with at least the switch-off device (98) a time span measuring device (96) for determining the length of the time span is connected to a practically constant value of the consumer power, wherein the or each of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) via an impulse line on the one hand to the detector device (29) and on the other hand with the time span measuring device (96) directly or over their time span presetting and comparison device (57) or with the dividing device (67) directly or via their gradient specification and comparison device (100) and in each case with the adjusting device (62) is or are connected. 97. Device according to one of claims 94 to 96, characterized in that se. that the or each of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) each have a level indicator connected to this or each via a pulse line (101) is connected upstream or downstream, by means of which as a reference value for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case an arbitrarily selected value of the consumer power can be specified. 98. Apparatus according to claim 97, characterized in that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of their setpoint range connected detector device (29) for determining the in the course of commissioning the device (1) for heating or for cooling operation at full load as maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) to the Time at which after a Period of time with practically constant The value of this consumer power, a decrease occurs for the first time, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of the heating operation when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating up each at full load as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of this Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and one or one connected to it via an impulse line adjustable ratio-giving device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) as a target value formation device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generating device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) of the Setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generators (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic Adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change of a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint range of the Fluctuation range of the consumer power both in heating mode and in Cooling operation a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrarily selectable value or one via a pulse line with the multiplier (50) or with one on the one hand via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) connected instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) connected amount comparison device (89) to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer power by determining the difference between last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power plus one A time span measuring device connected to the detector device (29) via a pulse line (96) to determine the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via a pulse line (57) and a switch-on and / or switch-off device (97, 98) and / or one in each case via an impulse line on the one hand either with the magnitude comparison device (89) or with the multiplying device (50) and on the other hand with a device (99) dividing device connected for the delivery of pulses corresponding to periods of time (67) to determine the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power after the end of the period of practically constant value of the same, each Via an impulse line with a gradient specification and comparison device (100) and one from the time of the end of the period with practically constant Switch-on and / or switch-off device dependent on the value of the consumer power (102 or 97, 98), preferably with at least the switch-off device (98) one Time span measuring device (96) for determining the length of the time span with practical constant value of the consumer power, and in all cases a or one over each one impulse line with the or one of their turn over one impulse line each with the or one of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) connected level indicator device (s) (101) connected Device (103) for the automatic adjustment of the assigned level indicator device (101) in the sense of a determined value of the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) and / or the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power and / or the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power End of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent increase or decrease in the reference value for the upper and / or the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power (Business consumer power) serving the respective fraction of the maximum possible Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power). 99. Apparatus according to claim 97 or 98, characterized in that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) each one via an impulse device (104) with the or each of the level indicator device (s) (101) connected feedback device (105) for the feedback of the as a reference value for the upper and / or the lower limit the fluctuation range of the consumer power serving the value of the same, each via j an impulse line either with the or one of the facility (s) (45) for automatic actuation of the resp. one of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) or via an impulse line on the one hand to one of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) and on the other hand with the or one of the respectively assigned Setpoint generator (s) (41 or 42) is connected. 100. Device according to one of claims 94 to 99, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) either via a pulse line amount comparison device (89) connected to the multiplier device (50) to determine the difference between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value the consumer power or one via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) connected instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) for storage the differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power has, wherein the amount comparison device (89) or the instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) each via an impulse line with a tendency comparison device (91) to determine the tendency to change the differences between each last and the penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power, which in turn each via an impulse line on the one hand with a number specification device (92) for the arbitrary specification of a trigger threshold for the actuation of the command transmitter (62) effective number of such differences between the last and the penultimate Instantaneous value of the consumer power and on the other hand via a counter (93) for these differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power with the control command transmitter (62) and with a position indicator (94) for Feedback of the operating status of the control command generator (62) is connected. 101. Apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that as Via the control line (18 or 17) with the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) connected device for influencing the in the heating or Coolant flow (14) fed in heating or cooling power a multi-way mixing device (8 or 7), for example a respective heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the Heat or cold generator (2) on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow (14) and on the other hand one coming from the heating or cooling medium return (16) Mixing line (79) for the three-way mixer (8) or the heat transfer medium connecting a heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the heating or Coolant return (16) each with the heating or coolant flow (14) and the heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the heating or Coolant return (16) with one to the heat transfer medium inlet (77) of the heat or cold generator (2) connected return line (79) connecting Four-way mixer (7) is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one continuously present during the operating time of the device (1) modulated control command emitting control command transmitter (62), by means of which the drive (10) the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) the setting commands as absolute values Modulation differences of a during the operating time of the device (1> continuously pending operating command can be supplied, in each case when a deviation is determined the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper or below the lower limit of the specified setpoint range of their fluctuation range - in addition to the supply of heat - or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or coolant flow (14) by changing the ratio of the heat or cold generator (2) in the heating or coolant flow (14) fed in mass flow to the total mass flow and / or the position of the organ of the multi-way mixing device which determines this ratio (8 or 7) can be changed, and one via a pulse line on the one hand with a time programming device (52) for initiating continuous or acquisition of simultaneous measured values of Flow and return temperature as well as with the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and on the other hand with the multiplier (50) for extraction that takes place continuously or at predetermined time intervals deviation comparison device connected to instantaneous values of the consumer power (64), which in turn via impulse lines with a device (45) for automatic adjustment of one or both setpoint generator (s) (41 or 42) or with one device (45) assigned to each setpoint generator (41 or 42) for automatic adjustment of the same is connected. 102. Apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that as Via the control line (18 or 17) with the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) connected device for influencing the flow in the heating or cooling medium (14) fed in heating or cooling power a multi-way mixing device (8 resp. 7), for example, the respective heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) on the one hand with the heating or coolant flow (14) and on the other hand an admixing line coming from the heating or coolant return (16) (79) for the heat transfer medium connecting three-way mixer (8) or a heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the heating or Coolant return (16) each with the heating or coolant supply (14) and the heat transfer medium outlet (76) of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the heating or Coolant return (16) with one to the heat transfer medium inlet (77) of the heat or cold generator (2) connected return line (79) connecting Four-way mixer (7) is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one continuously present during the operating time of the device (1) modulated actuating command emitting actuator (62), by means of which the drive (10) the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) the setting commands as absolute values Modulation differences one during the life of the device (1) constantly pending operating command can be supplied, whereby the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium in the heating or cooling medium flow (14) each time a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power is determined the upper limit of the specified target value band of its range of fluctuation by reducing the setpoint in heating mode and increasing the setpoint in cooling mode The flow temperature of the heat transfer medium can be reduced and each time it is determined a deviation in the fluctuation of the consumer power during a predetermined Duration below the lower limit of the specified target value range of its fluctuation range by increasing the setpoint in heating mode and decreasing the setpoint in cooling mode The flow temperature of the heat transfer medium can be increased. 103. Device according to claim 101 or 102, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a setpoint selection device (43) one via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range Detector device (29) associated with its fluctuation range for determining the during the commissioning of the device (1) for heating or for cooling each with the heating or coolant supply (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or during the course the cooling operation with cooling after heating in the heating or. Coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) full total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow (8 or 7) as the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the time to after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and one or each adjustable adjustable via an impulse line Ratio input device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the Consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the assigned setpoint generation device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) the setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the associated Setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for the automatic adjustment of the same or the same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper limit of the setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power on both at Heating mode as well as cooling mode a fraction of this maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) or this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrarily selectable value, this being arbitrarily selectable Value corresponding to a smaller fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (Start-up consumer power) or the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power), preferably according to one in the range between about one tenth and one half lying fraction of the larger setpoint of the fluctuation range of the consumer power corresponding value of the same, can be selected. 104. Device according to one of claims 101 to 103, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a setpoint selection device (43) one via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation thereof Fluctuation (s) in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower Limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range associated detector device (29) to determine the heating operation during commissioning of the device (1) or for cooling operation with the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heating or cold generator (2) feeding the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling after heating in the heating or. Coolant supply (14) from Heat or cold generator (2) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) as the maximum consumer power (Start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which after a period of time with practical constant value of the consumer power for the first time a decrease of the same occurs, occurring consumer power and one or one each via an impulse line with this adjustable ratio giving device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) as a setpoint generating device for the upper or lower limit the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power, further one via an impulse line with the multiplier (50) or with a in turn connected to the power comparison device (63) via an impulse line Amount comparison device connected to the instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) (89) to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant Value of consumer power by determining the difference between each last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and one via an impulse line time span measuring device (96) connected to the detector device (29) for Determination of the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via a pulse line (57) and with a switch-on and a switch-off device (97 and 98), which in turn are connected to the magnitude comparison device (89) via an impulse line, at least the switch-off device (98) preferably also with the detector device (29) is connected via an impulse line, and / or each via an impulse line either with the amount comparison device (89) or with the multiplier device (50) and on the other hand with a device (99) for outputting time spans corresponding Dividing device (67) connected to pulses for determining the time gradient the reduction in consumer power after the end of the period with practical constant value of the same, each via a pulse line with a gradient specification and comparing means (100) with a time of the end of the period with a practically constant value of the consumer power dependent switch-on and / or Switch-off device (102), preferably with at least the switch-off device (98) a time span measuring device (96) for determining the length of the time span is connected to a practically constant value of the consumer power, wherein the or each of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) via an impulse line on the one hand to the detector device (29) and on the other hand with the Time span measuring device (96) directly or via their time span specification and comparison device (58) or with the Dividing device (67) directly or via its gradient specification and comparison device (100) and in any case with the control command transmitter (62) is connected or are. 105. Device according to one of claims 101 to 104, characterized in that that the or each of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) each have a level indicator connected to this or each via a pulse line (101) is connected upstream or downstream, by means of which as a reference value for the larger and for the smaller setpoint the fluctuation range of the consumer power in each case an arbitrarily selected value of the consumer power can be specified. 106. Apparatus according to claim 105, characterized in that the Control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with a via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) for determination the fluctuation (s) of the consumer power and / or via an impulse line the fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation of this fluctuation (s) the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range Detector device (29) associated with its fluctuation range for determining the during the commissioning of the device (1) for heating or for cooling in each case with the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the determining the ratio of the mass flow rate fed in to the total mass flow rate Organ of the multi-way manure device (8 or 7) as the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) at the point in time after a period of time with a practically constant value of this consumer power, a reduction for the first time the same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during cooling operation when cooling down after heating in each case in the heating or cooling medium flow (14) from the heating or cold generator (2) feeding the full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium Position of the determining the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow Organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 resp. 7) as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, this Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and one or one connected to it via an impulse line adjustable ratio output device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) as a setpoint generation device for the upper resp. the lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power as well as one or one each via impulse lines on the one hand with the associated Setpoint generation device (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) of the setpoint selection device (43) and on the other hand with the assigned setpoint generator (41 or 42) or the setpoint generator (41, 42) connected device (45) for automatic adjustment of the same or same in the sense of an initial setting or a change in a set value of the assigned upper Limit of the setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power on both a fraction of the maximum possible in both heating and cooling mode Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or this maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) and the assigned lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power to an arbitrarily selectable value or one via a pulse line with the multiplier (50) or with one in turn via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) connected instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) connected amount comparison device (89) to determine the beginning and the end of a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power by determining the difference between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power plus a time span measuring device connected to the detector device (29) via an impulse line (96) to determine the length of the time span with a practically constant value of the consumer power with a time span specification and comparison device connected to it via a pulse line (57) and a switch-on and a switch-off device (97 or 98) and / or one in each case via an impulse line on the one hand either with the magnitude comparison device (89) or with the multiplying device (50) and on the other hand with a device (99) dividing device connected to the delivery of pulses corresponding to periods of time (67) to determine the time gradient of the reduction in consumer power after the end of the period of practically constant value of the same, each Via an Imrjlsleitung with a gradient specification and comparison device (100) and one at the time of the end of the period with practically constant Switch-on and / or switch-off device dependent on the value of the consumer power (102), preferably with at least the switch-off device (98) of a time span measuring device (96) to determine the length of the period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power, is connected, and in all cases one or each via a respective impulse line with the or one of the in turn via one impulse line with the or one level indicator device (s) connected to the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) (101) connected device (103) for the automatic adjustment of the associated Level indicator device (101) in the sense of a value determined by the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and / or the maximum Consumer power (start-up consumer power) and / or the length of the time period with a practically constant value of the consumer power and / or the time gradient the Reduction in consumer performance after this has ended Period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power-dependent increase or reduction of the as a reference value for the upper and / or lower limit of the Setpoint band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power (operational consumer power) serving respective fraction of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) or maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power). 107. Apparatus according to claim 105 or 106, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) each via a pulse generator (104) with the or each of the level indicator device (s) (101) connected feedback device (105) for the feedback of the as a reference value for the upper and / or the lower limit of the setpoint band of the value serving the fluctuation range of the consumer power the same, each via a pulse line either with the or one of the device (s) (45) for automatic actuation of the or one of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) or via one impulse line each with the or one of the setpoint generating device (s) (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) and on the other hand with the or one of the respectively assigned setpoint generators (41 resp. 42) is connected. 108. Device according to one of claims 101 to 107, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) either via a pulse line amount comparison device (89) connected to the multiplier device (50) to determine the difference between the last and the last but one instantaneous value the consumer power or one via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) connected instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) for storage the differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power having, where the amount comparison device (89) or the Instantaneous value deviation storage device (90) in each case via an impulse line with a tendency comparison device (91) for determining the tendency of the change the differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power is connected, which in turn each have a pulse line on the one hand with a Number specification device (92) for the arbitrary specification of a trigger threshold for the actuation of the actuating command generator (62) effective number of such differences between the last and penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power and on the other hand via a counter (93) for these differences between the last and the penultimate instantaneous value of the consumer power with the actuating command generator (62) and with a position indicator (94) for reporting back the operating status of the command transmitter (62) is connected. 109. Device according to one of claims 79 to 108, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a memory device (24) in which at least two, preferably more, preferred pairings of upper and lower limits the target value band the fluctuation range of the consumer power, such as for comfort; Normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode saved and a switching device connected to it via at least one pulse line (25) to eliminate the effect of one and activate the effect of another this has preferred pairings, each via a pulse line with at least one of the existing setpoint generation facilities (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) for the upper resp. lower limit of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power or with the or at least one of the possibly existing program storage device (s) (47a, 47b or 47a or 47b) for influencing the setpoint range of the fluctuation range the consumer power or with at least one adjustment device that may be present (48a or 48b) for this or with at least one setpoint generator (41 or 42) is connected. 110. Apparatus according to claim 109, characterized in that in the storage device (24) the preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power with in the direction increasing values of the consumer power, preferably proportionally larger Difference and / or ratio of the respective upper and lower limits of the fluctuation range the consumer power are stored. 111. Device according to claim 109 or 110, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) via a pulse line with the Fluctuation comparison device (27) for determining the deviation in the consumer power Timing device connected below the lower limit of the setpoint band of its fluctuation range (58), by means of which the time duration for the by the fluctuation comparison device (27) to be carried out monitoring of the deviation of the consumer power below the the lower limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range can be specified. 112. Apparatus according to claim 111, characterized. that the Timing device (58) of the regulating device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a time span program memory (53), in which for preferred pairings of upper and lower limits of the target value band the fluctuation range of consumer power, such as for comfort, Normal, economy, night reduction or frost protection mode, different values the length of the period of time for monitoring the deviation in consumer power stored below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range are, whereby the stored period of time for the monitoring of normal operation is longer than that of the monitoring in comfort mode and the stored duration of the monitoring for night reduction or Economy operation longer than that of monitoring in normal operation and in comfort mode and the saved duration of monitoring in frost protection mode longer than that of the monitoring in night reduction or economy mode and in normal mode and is selected in comfort mode. 113. Device according to one of claims 109 to 112 with discontinuous heat or cold generator that can be supplied with operating energy, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) one via a pulse line with the Control command generator (62) connected timing device (58) with adjustable time span program memory (53) for the duration of the interruption, e.g. for frost protection mode the supply of operating energy to the heat or Has cold generator (2), by means of which the control command generator (62) in the sense of maintaining a ratio of the duration of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) for the duration of the exposure of the same in the area between about 1 in 5 to 1 in 20 can be actuated, preferably with the timing device (58) via an impulse line with a position indicator (105) for feedback the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) and / or the the suspension of the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) corresponding Operating state of the control command generator (62) is connected. 114. Device according to one of claims 109 to 112 with continuously heat or cold generator that can be supplied with operating energy, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) is connected to the Stellbefehigeber (62) connected power limiting device (106) with adjustable Power program memory (107) for what is required, for example, in frost protection mode The amount of operating energy to be supplied to the heat or cold generator (2), by means of which the control command generator (62) in the sense of maintaining an im Range between about 0.2 to 0.05 times the commissioning consumer power or the start-up consumer power or the operational consumer power or the Reference value for the permissible fluctuation range of this consumer power A fraction of the same can be actuated, preferably the power limiting device (106) for an impulse line with a position indicator (105) for feedback the operating state of the control command generator (62) is connected. 115. Device according to one of claims 109 to 112 with multi-path -Mixing device, for example in the form of a three- or four-way mixer, thereby marked. that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) via a pulse line mass flow limiting device (108) connected to the actuating command transmitter (62) with adjustable mass flow programmer (109) for the frost protection mode, for example desired in the heating or coolant flow (14) to be fed mass flow of the heat transfer medium, by means of which the control command generator (62) in the sense of maintaining one for maintaining one in the range between about 0.2 to 0.05 times the start-up consumer power or the start-up consumer power or the operational consumer power or the reference value for the permissible fluctuation range this consumer power lying a fraction of the same sufficient ratio of the mass flow fed in from the heat or cold generator (2) to the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium can be actuated, preferably the mass flow limiting device (108) via an impulse line with a position indicator (105) for feedback the operating state of the control command generator (62) is connected. 116. Device according to one of claims 79 to 115, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a setpoint selection device (43) one or one each either on the one hand, preferably in each case via a measured value line (80 or 81 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference between measured values at the same time two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and, on the other hand, preferably via one Measurement line (15) with the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line to the multiplier (50) for continuous or Determination of instantaneous values of the Detector device connected to consumer power to determine the in the course the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for cooling operation Full load or with the heating or Full coolant supply (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow (8 or 7) as the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up cooling down or, in the course of cooling operation, when cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Consumer power and a measured value storage device (121) for the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) as well as one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and, on the other hand, via a respective measured value line (80 or 81 or 82) with the Measuring devices (70 or 71 resp. 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or above an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference at the same time Measured values of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and preferably in each case Via a measured value line (15) to the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the multiplier (50) or comparison device (117) connected to the detector device (29) to determine deviations from the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) of the maximum possible consumer power (commissioning consumer power) and ratio forming means connected thereto by an impulse line (28), which each have a pulse line with at least one of the target value formation devices (46a, 46b or 46a or 46b) for the upper or lower limit of the setpoint range the fluctuation range of the consumer power or with or at least one the program storage device (s) (47a, 47b or 47a or 47b) for influencing of the setpoint range of the fluctuation range of the consumer power or at least with an adjusting device (48a or 48b) for this or with at least one setpoint generator (41 or 42) connected and by means of which the relevant setpoint generating device (4pa, 46b or 46a or 46b) or program storage device (47a, 47b or 47a or 47b) or adjusting device (48a or 48b) or the relevant Setpoint generator (41 or 42) in the sense of changing the specified setpoint band the fluctuation range of consumer power depending on the ratio of maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) to maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) is adjustable. 117. Device according to one of claims 79 to 116, characterized in that that at least one signaling device (59) for outputting an optical and / or acoustic signal perceptible information is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with either one or one each on the one hand, preferably via a measured value line (80 or 81 or 82) the measuring devices (70 or 71 resp. 72) for the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line to the device (74) for determining the difference simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and on the other hand preferably via a measured value line (15) to the measuring device (5) for the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the multiplier (50) for determination taking place continuously or at predetermined time intervals of instantaneous values of the consumer power connected power detector device (113) to determine the heating operation during the commissioning of the device (1) or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow (14) from heat resp. Chiller (2) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) as the maximum possible Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) at the time at which for the first time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer line a reduction in the same occurs, occurring consumer power and / or that in the course of heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during the course of cooling operation when cooling down after heating up at full load or when heating or coolant supply (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be fed position of the ratio of the fed Mass flow to total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 resp. 7) as maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same occurring consumer power and a measured value storage device (121) for the maximum possible consumer power (Commissioning consumer power) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via a measurement line (80 or 81 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device (74) for Determination of the difference between simultaneous measured values of these two temperatures of the heat transfer medium and in each case preferably via a measured value line (15) with the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the multiplier device (50) or with the power detector device (113) connected comparison device (117) for determining deviations of the maximum consumer power (start-up consumer power) from the maximum possible Consumer power (commissioning consumer power) with a limit detector device (e.g. 30), which each have a pulse line with the signaling device (s) (59) is connected and by means of which these to make perceptible a one dem Exceeding and falling below a predetermined value corresponding to such a deviation Irregularity can be activated or are. lot8. Device according to one of Claims 79 or 117, characterized. that at least one signaling device (60) for emitting an optical and / or acoustic signal perceptible information is provided and that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with one or preferably one each via a measured value line (15) with the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow connected mass flow detector device (111) for determining the in the course the commissioning of the device (1) for heating operation or for Kiitiibetrieb Volldst or with the Heizuiigs or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) Her full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the organ that determines the total mass flow the multi-way mixing device (8 or 7) as the maximum possible total mass flow (Commissioning total mass flow) at the point in time at which after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power, a reduction for the first time the same occurs, the total mass flow occurring and / or in the course of the Heating mode when heating up after cooling down or in the course of cooling mode when cooling down after heating up at full load or with the heating or coolant flow (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) full total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow (8 or 7) as maximum total mass flow (start-up total mass flow) at the point in time at which for the first time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power a reduction in the same occurs, the total mass flow occurring and a measured value storage device (119) for the maximum possible total mass flow (total commissioning mass flow) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via a Measured value line (15) with the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow or connected to the mass flow detector device (117) via an impulse line Mass flow comparison device (115) for determining deviations from the maximum Total mass flow (starting total mass flow) from the maximum possible total mass flow (Total commissioning mass flow) with a limit detector device (e.g. 30) which each have a pulse line with the signaling device (s) (60) is connected and by means of which these to make perceptible a one dem Exceeding or falling below a predetermined value corresponding to such a deviation Irregularity can be activated or are. 119. Device according to one of claims 79 to 118, characterized. that at least one signaling device (59 or 60) to deliver a visually and / or acoustically perceptible information is provided and that the Control device (20 resp. 20a, 20b) a setpoint selection device (43) with one or one each preferably via a measured value line (80 or 81 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) for the flow and the return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the difference between simultaneous measured values from Flow and return temperature connected temperature difference detector device (112) to determine the heating operation during the commissioning of the device (1) or for cooling operation at full load or with the heating or coolant flow (14) full total mass flow of the heat transfer medium from the heat or cold generator (2) to be fed position of the ratio of the mass flow fed in to the total mass flow determining organ of the multi-way mixing device (8 resp. 7) as the minimum possible difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium (commissioning temperature difference) at the time after a period of time with a practically constant value of the consumer power the first time there is a reduction in the same, the difference between the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or during the heating operation when heating up after cooling down or during cooling operation when cooling down after heating up at full load or when heating or Full coolant supply (14) from the heat or cold generator (2) Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium feeding position of the ratio of the fed-in mass flow to the organ of the multi-way mixing device that determines the total mass flow (8 or 7) as the minimum difference between flow and return temperature (start-up temperature difference) at the point in time at which, after a period of time with a practically constant value, the Consumer performance for the first time a reduction of the same occurs, occurring Difference between the flow and return temperatures of the heat transfer medium and a measured value storage device (120) for the minimum possible difference of flow and return temperature (Commissioning temperature difference) and one on the one hand via an impulse line with this and on the other hand via a measurement line (80 or 81 or 82) with the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72) for the flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium or via an impulse line with the device (74) for Determination of the difference between simultaneous measured values for flow and return temperatures or via an impulse line to the temperature difference detector device (112) connected comparison device (116) for determining deviations from the minimum Difference between the flow and return temperatures (start-up temperature difference) from the minimum possible difference between flow and return temperature (commissioning temperature difference) with a limit detector device (z. B. 30), each via a pulse line is connected to the reporting device (s) (59 or 60) and by means of which these to make perceptible a one the above or below a predetermined Value of such a deviation corresponding irregularity can be activated respectively. are. 120. Device according to one of claims 79 to 93 or 109 to 119 with heat or cold generator that can be supplied discontinuously with operating energy, characterized in that at least one reporting device (59 or 60) for delivery a visually and / or acoustically perceptible information is provided, which over an impulse line to a triggering device (40), which in turn via an impulse line with the performance comparison device (63) of the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) to determine the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper one and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or is connected to a measured value storage device (128), which via an impulse line with this performance comparison device (63) and / or with one over each one Measured value line to the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5) for the flow - and the return temperature and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or to a via a pulse line to the multiplier (50) Determination of instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device (51) to carry out a plurality of simultaneous measurements, each of lead and return temperature and total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or one Multiple determinations of instantaneous values of consumer power and / or one Multiple determinations of the difference between the last determined instantaneous value the consumer power and the previous value of the same and / or for recording and / or to retrieve one or more values of the determined difference between these Instantaneous values of the consumer power or with one in each case via impulse lines to the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5) for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line to the multiplier (50) for determining instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device (52) for receiving and / or outputting a determined Instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of from the multiplier (50) delivered instantaneous values of the consumer power during a given Period of time is connected, and connected by this in the absence of a deviation the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range within a specified period of time to make this irregularity perceptible can be activated. 121. Device according to one of claims 79 to 89 or 94 to 100 or 109 to 119 with heat or energy that can be continuously supplied with operating energy. Cold generator, characterized in that at least one signaling device (59 or 60) for delivery one that is visually and / or acoustically perceptible Information is provided which is sent via an impulse line to a triggering device (40), which in turn are connected to the power comparator via an impulse line (63) of the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) for determining the deviation of the fluctuation the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their fluctuation range and / or with a measured value storage device (128) which via an impulse line with this power comparison device (63) and / or with one measuring line each (80 resp. 81 or 82 or 15) to the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5) for the flow and return temperatures and for the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or to one via an impulse line with the multiplier (50) for determining instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device (51) for performing a plurality of simultaneous Measurements of flow and return temperature and total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of determinations of instantaneous values of the Consumer power and / or a plurality of determinations of the difference, respectively the last determined instantaneous value of the consumer power and the previous one Value of the same and / or for recording and / or for calling up one or more values the determined difference between these instantaneous values of the consumer power or with one each via pulse lines to the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 respectively. 5) for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line to the multiplier (50) time control device connected to determine instantaneous values of the consumer power (52) for receiving and / or delivering a determined instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of instantaneous values supplied by the multiplication device (50) the consumer power is connected during a predetermined period of time, as well as furthermore with one via an impulse line with one in turn via an impulse line on the one hand with the performance comparison device (63) and on the other hand with the control command generator (62) connected, preferably adjustable, time program storage device (110) for specifying a predetermined number of time periods of predetermined length during those after the respective increase in the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) by a consumer power increased by a predetermined value to maintain a value sufficient measure the deviation of the fluctuation of the consumer power over the the upper limit of the target value range can be determined beyond its range of fluctuation, connected, and connected by this in the absence of a variation in the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range In addition, the control command generator (62) in the sense of increasing the supply of operating energy to the heat or cold generator (2) by one for maintaining a by a predetermined one Value increased consumer power sufficient level can be actuated and further There is no deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint band of their fluctuation range within a further predetermined range Period of time, preferably in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation of the Consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range within a further specified period of time despite a further increase the supply of operating energy for heating or Cold generator (2) by one for maintaining one by another predetermined value again increased consumer power by a sufficient level corresponding repeated actuation of the control command generator (62) the signaling device (s) (59 or 60) can be activated to make this irregularity perceptible or are. 122. Device according to one of claims 79 to 89 or 101 to 119 with multi-way mixing device, for example in the form of a three- or four-way mixer, characterized in that at least one reporting device (59 or 60) for delivery one optically and / or acoustically perceptible information provided is, which via an impulse line to a triggering device (40), which in turn via an impulse line to the power comparison device (63) of the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) to determine the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and / or with a measured value storage device (128), which via an impulse line with this performance comparison device (63) and / or with one over each one Measurement line (80 resp. 81 or 82 or 15) to the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5) for the flow and return temperatures and for the Total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or to an over vine impulse line with the multiplier (50) for determining instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device (51) for performing a plurality of simultaneous Measurements of flow and return temperature and total mass flow of the Heat transfer medium and / or a plurality of determinations of instantaneous values of the Consumer power and / or a multitude of determinations of the difference in each case the last determined instantaneous value of the consumer power and the previous one Value of the same and / or for recording and / or for calling up one or more values the determined difference between these instantaneous values of the consumer power or with one each via impulse lines to the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5) for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line to the multiplier (50) time control device connected to determine instantaneous values of the consumer power (52) for receiving and / or delivering a determined instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of instantaneous values supplied by the multiplication device (50) the consumer power is connected during a predetermined period of time, as well as furthermore with one via an impulse line with one in turn via an impulse line on the one hand with the performance comparison device (63) and on the other hand with the control command generator (62) connected, preferably adjustable, time program storage device (110) for specifying a predetermined number of time periods of predetermined length during those after the respective increase in the ratio of the heat or cold generator (2) into the heating or Coolant flow (14) fed mass flow to the total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintenance a consumer power increased by a predetermined value is sufficient the deviation of the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the Setpoint band is also determinable in its range of fluctuation, connected, connected and from this in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power the control command generator beyond the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range (62) in the sense of an increase in the ratio of the heat or Cold generator (2) in the heating or cooling medium flow (14) fed-in mass flow to total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by a for maintaining a by a predetermined Value received consumer power sufficient level can be actuated and further There is no deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper limit of the target value band of their tolerance range within a further predetermined Period of time, preferably in the absence of a deviation in the fluctuation of the Consumer power above the upper limit of the setpoint range of its fluctuation range within a further specified period of time despite a further increase the ratio of the heat or cold generator (2) in the heating or coolant flow (14) the fed-in mass flow to the total mass flow or the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium by one for maintaining one by another predetermined Value again increased consumer power sufficient level through appropriate repeated actuation of the control command generator (62) the Reporting device (s) (59 or 60) can be activated to make this irregularity perceptible or are. 123. Device according to one of claims 79 to 122, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) preferably has one in each case Measurement line (80 or 81 or 82 or 15) with the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5) for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or with a pulse line with the multiplier (50) time control device connected to determine instantaneous values of consumer power (51) to carry out a plurality of simultaneous measurements, each of lead and return temperature and total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or one Multiple determinations of instantaneous values of consumer power and / or one Multiple determinations of the difference between the last determined instantaneous value the consumer power and the previous value of the same and / or for recording and / or to retrieve one or more values of the determined difference between these Instantaneous values of the consumer power or one in each case via impulse lines the measuring devices (70 or 71 or 72 or 5 for the flow and return temperatures and for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium and / or via an impulse line with the multiplier (50) for determining instantaneous values of the consumer power connected time control device (52) for receiving and / or outputting a determined Instantaneous value of the consumer power or a plurality of from the multiplier (50) delivered instantaneous values of the consumer power during a given Time span, a deviation comparison device (27) for determining the size and / or direction of any deviation in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the specified target value range the fluctuation range of the consumer power, a counter (54) for the occurred during this predetermined period of time Deviations the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower Limit of the specified target value band of their fluctuation range, a program storage device (123) for a given number admissible during this given period of time of deviations in the fluctuations in consumer power that occur during operation above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range and a detector device (124) for determining a possible deviation of the by the counting device (54) determined number during this predetermined period of time any deviations that have occurred in the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range from the one specified for the program storage device (123) Period of time permissible number of deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range as well as one via an impulse line with at least one of the setpoint generators (41 resp. 42) connected device (44) for automatically changing the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of this by the detector device (124) determined deviation of the number of deviations of the fluctuation that have occurred the consumer power above the upper and / or below the lower limit of the setpoint range their range of fluctuation from the permissible number of the same. 124. Device according to one of claims 79 to 123, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) has a counting device (55) for determining the number of changes that occur in operation during a given period of time in the form of recordings and / or terminations or reductions and / or increases the supply of heating or cooling power to the heating or coolant supply (14) existing heat transfer medium or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium with counter (56) for these changes, program storage means (123) for a predetermined one during this predetermined one Time span permissible number of such changes and a detector device (124) to determine any deviation from the counter (56) of the counter (55) determined number of such occurrences during this predetermined period of time Changes from the predetermined for by the program storage device (123) this predetermined period of time permissible number of such changes as well as one over a pulse line with at least one of the setpoint generators (41 or 42) or the setpoint generators (41, 42) connected device (44) for automatically changing the target value band or at least one of its limits as a function of this by the detector device (124) determined deviation of the number of changes that have occurred from the permissible Number of the same. 125. Apparatus according to claim 123 or 124, characterized by one by means (44) for automatically changing the setpoint band the fluctuation range of the consumer power when determining one versus one specified number of deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value band of their fluctuation range or one compared to a predetermined number of changes in the form of recordings and / or termination or reductions and / or increases in the supply of heat or cooling capacity to the heat transfer medium located in the heating or coolant flow (14) or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium are greater Number of such deviations in the difference between the flow and return temperatures of the Heat transfer medium or such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in Meaning of an increase in the difference between the two limits of this target value band and when determining a number of such deviations compared to a predetermined number the fluctuation the consumer power over the upper and / or below the lower limit of the target value range of their fluctuation range or one compared to a given number of such changes of these Heat or cooling power supply or a given number of such Changes in the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium are less Number of such deviations in the fluctuation in consumer power over the upper one and / or below the lower limit of the target value range of their fluctuation range or such changes in this heat or cooling power supply or such changes the setpoint of the flow temperature of the heat transfer medium in the sense of a reduction the difference between the two limits of this setpoint band adjustable setpoint generator (41 or 42). 126. Device according to one of claims 79 to 125, characterized in that that the control device (20 or 20a, 20b) for the start of cooling and / or for the beginning of a warming to the minimum possible difference between upper and lower limit of the target value band of the fluctuation range of the consumer power has set setpoint generators (41, 42) and a timing device (58), by means of which, in heating mode, cooling is accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or heating is delayed by a predetermined period of time or in cooling mode a heating accelerated by a predetermined period of time and / or a cooling can be initiated delayed by a predetermined period of time. 127. Device according to one of claims 79 to 126, characterized. by means of a, preferably via a measured value line (e.g. 15) with the measuring device (5) for the total mass flow of the heat transfer medium connected device (68) for optical and / or acoustic display continuously or measured values of the total mass flow obtained at predetermined time intervals and / or one via an impulse line with the device (74) for determining the Difference between measured values at the same time of flow and return temperature the heat transfer medium connected device (69) for optical and / or acoustic Display of the value of the difference obtained continuously or at predetermined time intervals of flow and return temperature of the heat transfer medium and / or one via a Impulse line with the multiplier (50) for determining instantaneous values the consumer power connected device (125) for optical and / or acoustic Display of measured values obtained continuously or at predetermined time intervals the heating or cooling power fed into the heating or coolant supply line (14) corresponding results of the multiplier (50). 128. Device according to one of claims 79 to 127, characterized in that that the control device (20) is divided into two function groups (20a or 20b), one of which is the facilities for those functions includes, which usually not or only rarely during the heating or cooling period changed and preferably in the vicinity of the heat or cold generator (2) and / or a possible three- or four-way mixer (8 or 7) is arranged, while the other is the facilities for user-adjustable functions includes and is arranged as a space switching station in convenient proximity of the user.