DE3201008A1 - NOZZLE WITH DOUBLE FUNCTION FOR NOTOEL / FOG SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is an improvement on the subject matter according to the patent application P 30 15 650.4 and relates in particular to an emergency oil / mist system in a main lubrication system for a bearing or gear arrangement of a gas turbine and in particular an emergency lubrication supply system for the formation of a pressurized one standing lubricant spray generating extremely small droplets with uniform oil distribution on the bearing over a limited time after failure of the main lubrication supply system.

In the case of gas turbines, such as those used in high-speed aircraft are, the rotating shafts are stored in bearings for the purpose of revolving with respect to the outer parts of the turbine, and thus must the Bearings are continuously supplied to pin flow of lubricant. Generally the main lubrication supply system has a large reservoir for the lubricant and a pump arrangement is provided for the. Distribution of the lubricant through pipes through to the various bearing and gear arrangements. the the latter are usually within closed sumps in such a way that the oil is collected at the bottom of each sump and then fed to the main reservoir by cleaning devices and then the lubricant is again in a continuous cycle back to the bearings or gear assemblies pumped. It is obviously of great importance that the movable bearings or gear assemblies are continuously lubricated to prevent premature failure by seizing the relatively moving parts. The different components of the main lubrication supply system are generally located outside of the turbine casing due to their size, where the same ai: damage is easily accessible, e.g. in the case of a Gas turbine of a military aircraft, where the exposed components of the main lubrication supply system by enemy Are vulnerable to fire. In the event of a tear or puncture Oil lines or components in the main lubrication supply Obviously, the oil pressure and oil flow are increasing the individual bearings or gear assemblies quickly interrupted

becomes, and the continued operation of the gas turbine becomes fast lead to seizure of the bearing and / or gear assemblies, whereby the turbine says.

To ensure that the gas turbine and the aircraft work safely a limited amount of time after a component has been torn or punctured in the main lubrication supply system So far, an emergency oil reservoir has been proposed, the lubricant to a lubricated part for a limited period of time after failure of the main lubrication delivery system. That Providing an emergency oil reservoir is critically important especially with military aircraft operating in combat conditions work, and <? s has generally been suggested that a plurality of emergency oil storage tanks strategically divided into the entire gas turbine adjacent to the bearings and gear assemblies is provided. In general, every emergency oil storage container starting from the main CL supply system and can either an oil supply acting through the action of gravity or a Compressed air arrangement for supplying a flow of oil to the bearings, the supply of oil from each IJot reservoir is generally interrupted by a series of shut-off valves during normal operation. In the event of a loss of oil pressure or the oil supply is manual or automatic actuation the shut-off valves are required to supply the emergency oil. The disadvantage of such an emergency delivery system is that the closing of the emergency oil reservoir during a normal Turbine operation leads to oil stagnation, which gradually leads to a Heat degradation of the oil caused, and only by the action of gravity working feed systems of most conventional ones Emergency oil supply systems may not be able to be used for training lead a sufficient current for a sufficient lubrication of the contacting surfaces of the lubricated parts, conditionally nor the supply of a cooling air flow to the lubricated parts.

It has also become known, an Itot lubricant delivery system to provide having an oil reservoir practically adjacent to the lubricated part, with lines extending from the Emergency reservoir extending from having an outlet adjacent to the bearing to be lubricated. It is continuously compressed air passed through the outlet of the emergency storage container for the purpose of forming a suction in the same for the purpose of drawing out the lubricant. through the line both during normal operation and during emergency operation when the main oil source is out of order is. In this emergency lubrication supply system, the lubricant in the emergency reservoir is thus continuously during a normal operation of the aircraft turbine emptied.

An object on which the invention is based is thus to create a novel and improved emergency feed system, by being pressurized for a limited period of time after the failure of the main lubricant supply system Spray jet of lubricant mist is supplied to the bearing in the form of small droplets with uniform oil distribution on the bearing to prevent seizure of the relatively moving parts, thereby preventing catastrophic failure of the turbine.

Another object of the invention is to to create an emergency oil supply system, in which the oil from a Emergency oil reservoir sucked in and sprayed under high pressure so as to form extremely small oil droplets that are uniformly distributed over the bearing, thereby extending the period of time becomes within which the emergency oil system is functional.

Another object of the invention is to To provide a dual purpose nozzle in an emergency oil delivery system that will become full after a main lube delivery system failure remains functional when an atomized spray jet is applied, a uniform flow of lubricant is established during normal working conditions, as is the nozzle acts suction by pulling the fluid out of the Emergency supply reservoir.

3201G08

According to an emergency oil / mist system in the main lubrication system ßiner aircraft turbine created that has an auxiliary reservoir which is in working connection in the lines, which is between the main source of the pressurized lubricant and the nozzle extend for the purpose of applying oil to a Bearing or gear arrangement. The nozzle is able to direct an oil streak onto the bearing when the main lubrication system is fully functional or a mist of lubricant consisting of the lubricant sucked in from the emergency reservoir and To apply high pressure air when the main supply system fails Has. A piston valve serving for control connects and connects the emergency reservoir with an outlet to the outside air furthermore a source of compressed air with the air intake nozzle. In case of failure of the main lubrication system, the control valve is operated in such a way that pressurized air is supplied to the nozzle, which draws off oil by air suction, which remains in the Tlotvorratsbshälters. The valve also connects the emergency reservoir with the outlet to the outside air, which enables effective control of the oil quantity results, which is sucked from the emergency reservoir. Because of this arrangement, the emergency oil / mist lubrication system leads to a ultrasound impingement of the oil droplets after leaving the nozzle, creating extremely small droplets with a uniform 81 distribution be formed on the bearing or gear assembly. The control valve can be actuated by means of a pressure compensation piston valve or solenoid valves caused by low or excessive oil pressure in the main supply system Temperatures of the bearing or the gear assembly are triggered. The nozzle is thus provided so that the same to normal flow of lubricant, has a suction effect and an atomizing effect.

Sin embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is described in more detail below. Show it:

1 shows a schematic view of the emergency oil / mist lubrication system according to the invention, when the main lubrication system is fully functional is.

Pig. 2 a schematic representation of the control valve according to the invention, when the main lubrication system is fully functional, as in Figure 1;

3 shows a schematic representation of the emergency oil according to the invention / Mist lubrication system when the main supply system is out of order and the emergency lubrication supply system is fully functional;

4 shows a schematic representation of the control system according to the invention during the period when the emergency lubrication supply system is operational, as shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation in section of the invention Jet.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there is that of the present invention The lubrication delivery system is represented by the reference numeral 10 and operates to supply lubricant to a bearing 12 which supports the rotating shaft 14 of, for example, a gas turbine of an airplane. The bearing 12 can be enclosed in a space, not shown, which has an oil drainage line for the Has circulating the lubricant that the bearing 12 and then the main reservoir, not shown, of the lubricant delivery system 10 is fed. Even if the lubrication supply system according to the invention is explained with reference to a turbine bearing, it goes without saying that the subject matter of the invention has general application can be found on any engine part that requires lubrication.

The lubrication delivery system 10 includes a primary source of pressurized fluid such as a main supply reservoir , not shown, and a suitable pump arrangement, not shown, shown in Figure 1 as "oil flow" to conduit 20, which extends to an air intake nozzle 22. The latter is located adjacent to the bearing 12 and forms an oil flow 26 leading to the layer 22. The air intake nozzle 22 is generally tubular in construction and has two elongated channels 28, 30 which extend to an enlarged outlet 32. Line 20 is connected to channel 28 and, during normal operation of lube delivery system 10, pressurized oil is fed through line 20, through channel 28 of nozzle 22, and onto bearing 12.

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The emergency oil / mist lubrication system according to the invention is present as a part of the lubrication supply system 10 and has an emergency oil / reservoir 40 which is arranged in series in the line 20. During normal operation AEE-.s system 10 is run through the line 20 and pressurized lubricant out and also by the Notöl / reservoir 40 and then to the channel 28 of the air suction nozzle 22 and then as stream 26 is sprayed onto the bearing 12th The lubricant present in the emergency oil / storage container is thus constantly replenished and emptied, whereby a standstill of the lubricant in the storage container 40 due to the heat developed in the turbine is excluded. Preferably, the reservoir 40 is disposed adjacent the bearing 12 and is sized to hold an approximately 100 cm slope of oil, whereby the reservoir 40 is sufficiently small to be easily disposed within the turbine housing. The emergency oil / mist lubrication system according to the invention also has an emergency control valve arrangement 50, see FIGS. 1 and 2, which can be a piston valve. The piston valve 50 can be a pressure-equalizing piston valve and has an outer cylindrical housing 52 in which the piston 54 is slidably movable. One end 56 of the cylindrical housing 52 has an opening 58 which communicates via line 21 with the source of the pressurized oil of the main supply reservoir. The opening 58 leads into the inner chamber of the cylinder and rests against the left end 60 of the piston 54. The opposite end of the piston 54 has an extension 62 with a single through opening 64. The cylindrical part 52 of the piston valve has two channels 70 and 72 as well as an opening 53 which connects the channel 70 with the chamber at the right end of the piston 54.

During normal operation of the lubrication system 10, the flow of oil is pushing starting from the main source towards the end 60 of the piston in such a way that the piston is in the position shown in FIG Is located, as well as the piston extension 62 effectively the channels 70 and 72 locks. At this point, the force applied to the end of the piston 54 is the pressurized oil greater than the force on the right end of the piston 54 through

3201003

the opening 53 acted upon by compressed air. The upper "" end 70A of the channel 70 is connected to a source of compressed air via the supply line 84 and the lower end 703 of the channel 70 is connected to the elongated channel 30 in the air suction nozzle 22 via a line 86. The upper part 72A of the channel 72 is connected to the outside air via a line 80 and the lower part 72B is connected to the emergency oil reservoir 40 ^{via a · = 1 line 82.}

As. above, during normal operation of the Main lubrication supply system 10, the extension 62 of the piston 54 is arranged in the position shown in Figure 2, so that the channels 70 and 72 are blocked, whereby it is prevented that the emergency oil reservoir via the lines 80 and 82 with the Outside air is in communication, and it is further prevented that the compressed air from the line 84 to the air intake nozzle 22 is carried out will.

In an emergency such as puncturing or tearing the main oil reservoir or the pump arrangement for pressurizing the lubricant, the pressure and the lubricant flow in the Line 22 fall off quickly. There is a possibility of tearing or puncturing any part of the main oil supply system a particular concern with military aircraft in service, where oil supply fr-ile, which are generally outside df = s engine housing are arranged to be vulnerable to enemy fire. Ohm = ·· The shaft 14 rotating at high speed is used for lubrication seize quickly or damage the bearing 12, possibly resulting in catastrophic engine failure. The emergency oil / mist supply system according to the invention is provided for an ultrasonic spray jet over a limited period of time to supply a high-pressure lubricant to the bearing 12, as well as generating high pressure air, the limited amount of time is formed during failure of the lubricant spray.

3201003

During a feces, the flow of lubricant increases to the port 58 of the valve 50 quickly, whereby the pressure compensation piston 54 can be moved to the left, namely in the one shown in d ^ r Figure 4 Lag * = ·, due to the opening 53 taking place Pressure flow. Optionally, the actuation of the piston valve 50 can be done by a solenoid, which is caused by the rapid pressure drop in the main oil supply is controlled or there can be a temperature sensor may be provided adjacent to the bearing 12, and a Deliver the trigger signal to a valve operated by a solenoid for the purpose of transferring the piston 54 to that shown in FIG Location. At such a point in time, see Figures 3 and 4 the emergency oil / mist lubrication system is functional, and channels 70 and 72 are opened with opening 64 aligned with channel 70. At this point in time, the emergency oil storage container 40 is at a standstill the outside air via conduits 82 and 80 which extend through duct 72. Furthermore, there is a flow of compressed air through line 84, through channel 70 to opening 53 and also to line 86 which leads to channel 30 in the air intake nozzle 22 extends. The pressure air flow passing through the channel 33 extends into the enlarged outlet 32, whereby in the nozzle 22 a partial vacuum for sucking in lubricant from the emergency oil reservoir 40 through the line 20 and the channel 28 is formed. The fact that there was an emergency oil reservoir 40 ro it the outside air is in communication, ensures that the withdrawal of the emergency oil from the reservoir 40 with a controlled Speed takes place, so as to the emergency lubrication of the bearing 12 to be extended over a sufficient period of time so that the pilot of the aircraft is able to carry out necessary emergency maneuvers to execute. The mixture of compressed air and oil sucked in from the reservoir 40 leads to a fine mist of small oil droplets 90, see FIG. 3, which are fed to the store 12. The emergency lubrication mist 90 continues to flow and hits the bearing surfaces 12 in contact with one another with a low measured speed until the storage container 40 is emptied. In the case of an emergency oil reservoir 40 with a capacity from about 100 cm of oil it is estimated that the emergency oil mist system will be able to work for about an hour or a half. Within this period of time, the will be under high pressure

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standing fog 90 applied to the bearing 12 and leads to a Adequate lubrication for the bearing to work. 12. Continue the compressed air acts to the effect that the cooling of the bearing is supported.

The atomizer nozzle

An important part of the system according to the invention is the atomizing nozzle 22. This nozzle 22 serves a dual purpose. Under normal working conditions it must have a uniform oil flow supply and have the function of a jet mixer by drawing oil through the line 20 under emergency conditions the main oil supply 10.

In order to maximize the application of the emergency oil supply, it was found that it is necessary to apply the oil to the bearing 12 in the form of a mist to apply. Generate conventional shear atomizer nozzles a mist that has very different droplet sizes. This results in the possibility of drops falling out, thereby hindering a thorough application of the lubricant will.

It has been found that by introducing a high velocity air stream a low pressure area is created in an expansion chamber surrounding the inlet of the airflow. It was then the. Nozzle 22 is constructed which has an air passage 30 and a lubricant passage 28 that connects to the open ended expansion chamber 32 related. The channel 30 has a length 30L and a diameter 30D. The expansion chamber is 32 v / ^ a length 32L and a diameter 32D. By changing the relative size of channel 30 and chamber 32, it was found that a suitable jet mixing effect can be produced if the channel 30 is provided so that one entering the chamber 32 High speed airflow is generated. This air flow creates an area 100 of low pressure, creating the lubricant is drawn through the line 20 to the channel 28. The larger channel 32 is chosen so that the formation of an area 100 low Pressure is made possible with the simultaneous possibility of expansion of the air flow into a turbulent flow.

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Since the outlet 101 of the channel 28 is in the low pressure area, the lubricant is drawn into the expansion chamber 32. As soon as the lubricant enters the turbulent air stream, it is atomized into a fine mist. By setting the length and diameter of the channel 30 and the chamber 32 can optimize the efficiency of the jet mixer and the atomizer be designed. Below are various examples of the relative size of these parameters and of the area-100 resulting vacuum:

3OD 3OL 32D 32L vacuum

jet No. 1 0.104 1.225 0.285 0.390 0 jet No. 2 0.104 1,300 0.250 0.290 0.3 jet No. 3 0.104 1.375 0.22 © 0.275 5 jet No. 4th 0.104 1.375 0.235 0.245 8th jet No. 5 0.104 1,450 0.187 0.400 25th

The above experimental results are obtained by placing a vacuum gauge in area 100 and measuring the pressure in the Nozzle with the specified sizes is detected. Obviously, nozzle number 5 provides an example of a preferred configuration represent.

In this way, a dual purpose nozzle 22 with extremely simple structure. When there is no high pressure air in line 86, the lubricant flows in the form of a stream of liquid, that can be aimed at the camps.

An improved emergency oil mist lubrication system is thus created, which is designed as an integral part of the main lubrication system of a gas turbine and serves as a generator for a Lubricant mist to serve in the event of failure of the main lubrication system. The emergency oil mist lubrication system according to the invention A gas turbine can be used for bearings or gear assemblies, and the auxiliary or emergency reservoir has a sufficient one Capacity to maintain the bearing assembly for approximately 30 minutes after a main lubrication system failure To convey lubrication. The system according to the invention leads to an ultrasonic impact of the oil as soon as it hits the air intake nozzle 22 leaving extremely small droplets with uniform

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Licher distribution of the lubricant can be generated over the bearing. Furthermore, the flow of compressed air to the bearings acts to cool the bearing in emergency conditions. The emergency oil mist supply system can be operated by a pressure equalization piston valve or a suitable solenoid valve, which is operated by a low Oil pressure in the main supply system is triggered, or it For example, a solenoid valve may be used which, by appropriate sensing means, can be used to detect excessively high storage temperatures is triggered.

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Claims (1)

i ^::: ■ -: '' I /-.Γι: ^::: \ = 32010G8. PATENT ^ATTORNEY: """^'Γ-' - *"_{"D 1O} oo BERLIN 33 01.02.1982. MANFRED MIEHE falkenried 4 Telephone: (030) 8311950 Chemist Telegrams: INDUSPROP BERLIN Telex: 0185 443 US / 16/2462 AVCO CORPORATION 1275 King Street, Greenwich, Conn. 06830 United States Nozzle with double function for emergency oil / mist system Patent claim Dual-purpose nozzle for use in a lubrication system to create a flow of lubricant under normal conditions and an atomized mist under emergency conditions, geke η η ζ eich ■ η * ■■ 1 (liuroh dii * fol «fHnd«; n Features: a nozzle housing: (22), the fine inner channel with an inlet and having an outlet, the channel having an air supply channel (30) and an expansion chamber (32), the air supply channel (30) extends from the channel inlet to the expansion chamber (32) and the Kxpaiiülonnfcaitiiner (32) direct in connection with the channel a to IaB glfiil, the channel and the? Chamber (32) are provided so that a Area of low pressure in the chamber (32) adjacent to the junction of these components and a turbulent area in the remaining part of the chamber (32) is generated when air is introduced into the air duct (30) under a predetermined pressure which Housing (22) further includes a lubricant supply channel (28) extending from the channel inlet and with the expansion chamber (32) in the area of low pressure extends with suction of lubricant into the turbulent area of the chamber (32), where it is atomized and forced out of the channel outlet as a mist when lubricant enters the lubricant supply channel (28) is supplied. _ O -