DE3107723A1 - Plant for obtaining solar energy by means of concave mirrors - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to obtain mechanical energy from sunlight, the latter is directed coaxially from plane mirrors mounted on universal joints and set up in "NORTH" to concave mirrors set up in "SOUTH" by means of the sensors of said concave mirrors, so that it enters in a concentrated fashion the heating chambers of hot-air engines whose "displacers" are possibly moved pneumatically. For the purpose of more exact "saving" of the plane mirrors with respect to the zenith angle of the sun, an "optical bearing apparatus" composed of two mutually connected biaxial plane mirror supports is arranged such that the sensor pairs of one always have the same distance from one another as the small guiding mirrors of the other. The biaxial movements of the "optical bearing apparatus" are driven via worm gears and passed on via bevel gear pairs to the similar motion devices of the plane mirror carrier, the worms of which are connected to one another by mechanical shafts. A plurality (e.g., three each) of "concave mirror focal cones" can be directed onto one heating chamber each of a hot-air engine, and four hot-air engines each can be connected to form a four-cylinder engine which via a torque converter drives a water pump which supplies a high-level container for electric turbines, as well as an air pump for operating the displacer of the hot-air engines. <IMAGE>

Description

Additional registration to P 30 18 177.2 from May 12th, 1980 by Dr.ing.Hero Land-

mann 6400 Fulda Bichhornstrasse 22: "System for the production of solar energy by means of a concave mirror" in the attached Fig. shown; The main idea of this main application was that the "rRurmconcept" (see "End of the Oil Age" by WMLarsen in Heyne Verlag 1979, p.220) posed an extraordinary risk to the plant due to the concentration on one point: the tower by arranging a large number to eliminate smaller units.

However, this resulted in a small, unprofitable one for energy converters Size (lo HP) that had to be replaced by a larger hot air motor, one 30 HP motor whose efficiency was measured and confirmed at 35%; this required but also three times the amount of light, and from this arose the figure, the one arrangement of three pairs of mirrors next to each other in north-south direction.

Your plane mirrors are controlled in such a way that they always get the light from the trough from their common installation line perpendicular to the opposite concave mirrors (31) The two outer concave mirrors are against their installation line (West-East) twisted so that their focal cones all three meet at one point (30) to the.

the hot air motor is set up, in its opening (85) in Fig.

the entire amount of light shines in 3o, ooo times the concentration.

The middle pair of mirrors initially takes over the readjustment after the solar migration and the three plane mirrors (32) are connected by levers to the guide rail (38) via levers (66) W. Goldmann Verlag 1976-on page 226 the floor area of the entire system is given as 1.3 square kilometers to the tower (@ .226) 30% energy lost. Furthermore, the heating surface of the boiler is 260 m high in the wind, which cools the large area. By the time it arrives at the helium turbine, another 2o% was lost. The efficiency of this turbine is 36 %, i.e. roughly the same as the type of motor proposed here. On the other hand, with the system presented here, the inclined position of the two outer concave mirrors (90) results in only 0.82% loss, while the energy is completely radiated into the motor Fig all Pages protected, as explained later. The "tower concept" is over su bewZltign, which requires the highest precision of the mirror steering. A computer must also determine the steering data separately for each mirror.

Both of these should fully occupy entire bottleneck industries in the case of large-scale systems. The construction just described could cope with medium-sized businesses.On the other hand, it also requires very good steering and is therefore shown in Fig a separate "light direction finding system" is shown, which, despite its simplicity, gives exact values.1) The principle is roughly comparable to the feedback used in "automatic controls" are coupled that they always have to perform the same movements.

One carrier (above) with the axes (46 + 44) carries the sensors (34-37), the other carrier (below) with the axes (66 + 64) carries the plane mirror (32), which, however, has four mirror pieces The sensors now control (as in the main application) via switching valve (40) the power piston (38) - (or 41 to 39) and accordingly rotate the two carrier devices around their axes (66 + 64) below and as a result of the The axes (46 + 44) above are also coupled. This ensures that the sensors (above) are always guided precisely on the light-shadow boundary of the light band reflected by the plane mirror carrier, so that they respond (possibly as photo cells) to the slightest deviations The sunlight is then sent from the plane mirrors exactly in the north-south direction, i.e. from the center of the planar mirror to the center of the concave mirror, so that the entire captured light energy is exactly in the opening (85) of the hot air motor ( Fig.

whose boiler room is well insulated.

Of course, the "light direction finding system" only serves to steer and does not take part in the energy collection. However, it also requires a special design of the steering means for transferring the movements, since the power piston is no longer in the carrier as in Fig. 5 and 6 of the main application can be installed. Rather, especially when tilting around the horizontal axis, the force must be supplied from the outside through the hollow main vertical axis, as shown in Fig. The use of worm gears to introduce the force into the carrier is more advantageous, however, as shown on the right. Their worms can be connected to one another with the interposition of cross-leaf spring clutches for temperature equalization, or they can also be connected by synchronous motors using Siemens S-System.Di is the simplest and safest method of connecting the sensor carriers with the mirror carriers in the "light direction finding system".

In Fig. the worm gear (45) takes over the rotation around the vertical axis and the worm gear (48) rotates the spin spindle (44), on which the nut (78) is moved over the path (77), which now tilts over the Linkage (72 + 73) causes. The transmission of movement by connecting the screws with one another is the same as with the "light bearing system" just discussed. For the time being, a further development of the pneumatic control of the displacer (2) in Fig.l of the main application is here based on Fig. because a simplification of costs is extremely decisive for the system. The "regenerator system according to Philipsn (82-84)" is also shown here. Important in Fig is also the design of the heating room (88) with the ceramic lining (8c) of the housing (87). What is new is the supply of the compressed air or the compressed gas by an external compressor (129) in Fig. Via the feed line (50), the pressure regulation of which influences the engine speed. This replaces the previous supply by the piston (2q in Fig. 1 of the Hauntanmeldunz. The metering of the press gas is carried out by a with the piston (9) in Fig.

connected pipe whose slots (89-94) the gas soon from above and soon insert it from below into the control cylinder (6) during the reversal of the piston travel, so that the control piston (5) moves the displacer (2) via the rod (4) as it does at Philips happens through the diamond gear, roughly comparable to a jackhammer.

During the actual piston stroke, the slots are all closed so that Control piston 5 and displacer (2) stand still, and only again in the reverse positions of the piston (9).

In the in Fig.

the position shown, the piston has just lifted the displacer upwards and the openings (89-94) are now closed by the tube when the piston (9) is moving upwards, so that the cooled propellant gas can pull the piston upwards until it is in the highest position of the Piston (9) a new change takes place In Fig.

it should be noted that the control cylinder (6) due to its extension downwards and the bolt (60) is connected to the housing base (81), so Feststand.der The space under the piston (9) is connected to the buffer space (28) - the ingenious one Seal: "Rolling coupling from Philips" is not shown here, as the control cylinder (6) possible leakage of the rod (4) through the cylinder Ueckel of (6) in his Compressed gas would be collected, from where it would be fed back to the compressor, the one small high pressure compressor is added, which it again the working gas in the room (7), thereby causing a constant pressure to be maintained.

The pneumatic control makes the lower part of the figure with the Crank drive superfluous, so hot air pump like main registration. So it could work as a "heat pump", with normal fuel, since its electrical power Operation is completely pointless. The pneumatic control ksnn also for speed regulation get extended.

the real sense of the in Fig. The crank drive shown is to combine four single-cylinder engines into a four-stroke engine, as shown in Fig. The main shaft (97) drives a vario gear (160), which is regulated by comparing the pressure generated by the pump coupled to it with the pressure of the high tank, in order to compensate for the engine torque, which fluctuates with the action of the sun Regulation maintains the delivery pressure to the tank.

Fig. now shows a complete system with 24 pairs of mirrors, in the middle of which is the "bearing system", which controls the whole thing according to the respective position of the sun.

The sensors (34-37) installed in the carrier (146) override the switching valve (140) the hydraulic motor (138), which is connected to the main worm gear (451) and the bevel gear (150) the mirror carrier (166) of the "light bearing system" drives, which in turn moves the sensor carrier (146) through the coupling (452-453), as previously explained.

The main worm gear (451) also turns all worm gears (450) of the 24 plane mirror carriers (320) are moved, ensuring the exact alignment of the Plan mirror is guaranteed by the "Peilanlage".

The now through the light heating from the concave mirrors (310-311-312) driven hot air motors (300) now move in turn via their main shaft (97) the vario gearbox (160), to which also the gas compressor (129) and the large water pump (114) is connected, which has a high storage tank for even delivery to the turbine fills up, which bridges the hours of light failure.

The following 9ig. give in tabular form the meaning of all the numbers used in the drawings, which then also explain other interesting elements.

In order to show in Fig. Not to be confused, the second regulation of the tilting movement has been omitted, which in principle agrees with the one shown.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (1)

P a t e n t - A n s p r ü c h e /.) Plant for the production of solar energy by means of a concave mirror, addition to P 30 18 177.2 of 12.o5.80, characterized in that two or more pairs of concave mirror (31) and plane mirror (32) side by side are arranged in such a way that they do not interfere with each other when taking up the light, whereby but the concave mirrors in relation to their common south-north orientation the east-west elevation level is rotated in such a way that its cones are all in one Point coincide, (30), in which the energy converter is. (= Claim 6) 2, Claim 7, according to claim 6-characterized in that with three pairs of mirrors only the middle one Couple takes over the steering of the plane mirror, their adjustment devices all like that are interlinked so that everyone is forced to perform the same movements are. 3, claim 8, according to claim 6 + 7, characterized in that dsß for the Steering or control of the entire system according to the apparent migration of the sunlight a separate "light direction finding system" is used, which consists of two plane mirror carriers coupled to one another of the type shown in Pig. 5 + 6 (the main application), which is caused by the coupling are forced to always have to make the same movements, with one Carries the sensors (34-37) and the other carries the plane mirror (32) through four mirror pieces can be replaced, whereby it is achieved that the sensors (possibly photocellan) always exactly on the light-shadow border of the light band reflected by the plane mirror and therefore to the smallest deviations of the apparent Address deviations in brightness caused by the movement of the sun and thus Always align the pran mirrors so that the light they reflect is always accurate is broadcast in north-south direction and thus parallel to the common axis the two mirrors (31) and (32) is running. 4 claim 9, according to A.6-8, characterized in that the execution the tilting movement of the plane mirror around its horizontal axis is not carried out by one in the Mirror support built-in power piston takes place, but that the adjustment energy of outside through the hollow central axis, that is, is introduced vertically from below. 5 claim lo, according to A.9, characterized in that the adjustment the plane mirror but also the carrier of the light direction finding system by worm gear takes place, whereby e.g. the augers of the DF system are directly connected to each other e.g. by a shaft connection are coupled, so that they are thus forced to keep the movements always the same and in to carry out the same direction. P a t e n t - A n 8 p r u c h e I claim 11, according to A.1 and 3 of the main application, characterized in that instead of being inside the engine by the piston (29) ig.l generated pneumatic force an external compressor is arranged is whose energy introduced through connector (50) from one below the piston (9) in Fig.lo attached tube through its slots (89-94) in the control cylinder (6) alternately from above and below at the reversal points of the piston movement is introduced so that the control piston (5) moves the displacer (4) up and down as it corresponds to the effect of the diamond gear according to Philips, but with the tube closes the slots during the piston stroke so that the piston (5) and displacer (2) Stand still during the piston stroke so that the piston does its work unhindered can perform. Claim 12, according to A.1 or 6, characterized in that four single-cylinder engines are combined in a manner known per se to form the four-stroke engine, the main shaft of which (97) drives a torque converter that compares the pressure of those connected to it Main pump (114) -in Fig.12-is regulated by means of the pressure of the high storage tank so that thereby the fluctuations in engine power caused by different sunlight be compensated to bring about a constant pump pressure. 8 claim 13, according to A.l-A.l2, characterized in that from the above Details of a complete system is set up in which the "light direction finding system" Hydraulic motors (i38) are controlled via switching valves (140) 1 whose shafts drive the worms of the main worm gear (451), their output axes on the one hand drive the whole plane mirror support worm gear (450) through which the plane mirrors (320) are readjusted and on the other hand via the bevel gears (150) move the worm gear (45²-453) through which the two carriers (166) and (146) the light direction finding system can be readjusted so that. the whole complex is controlled by the "light direction finding system", while that of the concave mirrors (310-311-312) heated motors (3oo) via vario gear (160) the compressor (129) and the main feed pump (114), which the latter (via the high storage) compared to the light failure hours the electricity supplier: Turbine + dynamo equalize. 9. claim 14) according to all of the preceding, characterized # that all novelties presented here also independently and in other places in applied in any other way, are protected.