DE3105595A1 - "FIRE-RESISTANT OR FIRE-RESISTANT COMPOSITE COMPONENT WITH A MOLDING PART OF ANY, FIRE-RESISTANT OR FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIAL AND AN INSULATION LAYER WITH HIGHER THERMAL INSULATION OR A COMPENSATION BALANCE" - Google Patents

Description

DIDIER-WEHKE AG 6200 Wiesbaden

Refractory or fire-resistant composite component with a molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant Material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer

The invention relates to a refractory or fire-resistant one Composite component with a molded part made of any fire-resistant or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer as well as a method for producing such Composite components.

Composite components are already known which, in addition to a molded part made of any fire-resistant material, also have an insulating layer exhibit. The reason for this is that refractory moldings with good mechanical properties in general have a high thermal conductivity, so that in certain applications where greater heat losses should be avoided, it is advantageous to have an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation on such a molded part to be provided.

The object of the present invention is to provide improved refractories or fire-resistant composite components of the type described above, in which the insulating layer mainly consists of a ceramic fiber material and still very strong

connected to the molded part made of any type of refractory material and at the same time has the property of good wear resistance and relatively high strength.

The "composite component" according to the invention serves to solve this problem. as it is described in more detail in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Preferred embodiments are described in more detail in claims 2 to.

The invention further relates to a method for producing such composite components according to the invention, these methods are described in more detail in claims 11 to 16.

The ceramic fibers or mineral fibers used to produce the composite components according to the invention can be all conventional fibers of this type, e.g. B. rock wool or fibers based on aluminum silicate with particularly high Al ₂ O, contents in the range of 4-5 to 95 wt .-%. Mixtures of different ceramic fibers can of course also be used.

The clay used to produce the composite components according to the invention can be a customary clay or a special one Binding clay, advantageously bentonite, be. That tone is usually used in an amount of 2 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fibers.

Furthermore, in the production of the invention Composite structures up to 10 parts by weight of other 'refractory additives can be used, examples of which are porcelain flour, chamotte or hollow spherical corundum. · __

Lie in the production of the composite components according to the invention, if used, other, very finely divided ingredients such as finely divided Al ₀ O-, and / or finely divided SiO and / or aluminum hydroxide and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided Chromium oxide is a known ingredient in the refractory field. The expression "finely divided" used here in connection with the aforementioned constituents is to be understood as meaning that these constituents are present in finely ground or in the colloidal state. In particular when using such materials in the colloidal state as colloidal SiC ^ or colloidal aluminum oxide, it is possible to use only small amounts of binder, namely close to the lower limit of 1 part by weight of such a binder.

The phosphate binder used in the production of the composite components according to the invention is a customary phosphate binder; the amounts given in parts by weight relate to ^ ^2Q 5 ^{in the} respective binder.

Examples of such phosphate binders are sodium polyphosphate with a degree of polymerization of η * 4 and preferably with a degree of polymerization of 6 to 10. Another phosphate binder is monoaluminum phosphate, which has both in solid, ground form as well as an aqueous solution with 50 wt .-% MAP is a commercial product.

Furthermore, in the production of the invention Composite components still conventional plasticizers can be used, such are, for example, surface-active Compounds or especially methyl cellulose.

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Furthermore, "in the production of the invention Composite components or organic binders are used, Examples are molasses, sulphite waste liquor and, in particular, methyl cellulose.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention Composite components are the ceramic Pasern used as opened fibers. For this are commercially available fibers in their delivery condition into a turbo mixer (make Drais-Turbulent-Schnellmischer) given, in which the fibers usually supplied as fiber bundles are converted into disrupted fibers will. Such a turbo mixer consists of a mixing unit with rapidly rotating cutter heads, whereby Any agglomerates present in commercially available fibers, some of which are in a highly compressed form, are broken down without the fibers being crushed or comminuted to an inadmissible degree.

The production of the composite components according to the invention can be done by two different procedures.

In the first method, a mixture of 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ^ O ^ and / or very finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides is first used in step a) and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as Pp ^ S ', optionally with an additive of plasticizer made with 2 to 100 parts by weight in a mixer. A conventional Drais mixer or Eirich mixer can be used as the mixer.

This finished mixture is then in step "b) on a Side of the molded part made of any refractory material pressed on, but here a compression around a volume factor of at least 3 and advantageously from 5 t> is 8 is required.

This pressing can take place, for example, in the case of a molded block, so that the first step in step a) The mixture produced is entered and then the molded part made of any refractory material is placed and then a compression is carried out. The reverse process is also possible; H. in a Form, a molded part made of any refractory material can first be inserted and onto this molded part from this Refractory material a mixture, as it was prepared in step a), abandoned and then pressing under the specified compression can be carried out.

It is particularly easy to produce an insulating layer on the outside of an ear. This is already being done finished, tubular molded part made of any refractory material in a shape with a larger diameter than the Outside diameter of the Eohres made of refractory material and inserted into the space between the Eohres refractory material and the core produced in stage a) Mixture filled and either pulped or pressed in.

In an alternative embodiment, after the preparation of the mixture, a fiber grain b ^), l> 2) or b,) or a mixture thereof, which will be described below, is briefly mixed into the mixture and then this mass is applied to at least one side of a molded part made of any , refractory or fire-resistant material pressed with compression. In the case of using one of the previously described

Mixing without the addition of a fiber grain, the compaction must take place "when pressing on by a volume factor of at least 3, this compression factor is advantageously between 5 and 8. The maximum compression factor, the one with usual pressing is on the order of about 12 to 14. Palis of the mixture is still one of the If the previously mentioned fiber grains are added, such a high compression is not possible, the volume factor of compression should, however, be around 1.5 in each pail. An advantageous range of volume factors when using a fiber grit (s) containing mixture is between 2.5 and 4. The reason for this lower compaction factor is because of this to see that the pas grits are no longer so strong can be pressed together, this applies in particular to the fiber grains b ^) and b,) already compacted during their production.

The weight ratios of the mixture, without the water content, to fiber grain (s) are advantageously 20:80 to 80:20. By adding a fiber grain, more mixing water is of course required, so that the total added amount of water must be increased. However, this can easily be determined in each case by simple preliminary tests will.

In an alternative embodiment of this method becomes one of the following grain sizes b ^ |) or bo)> optionally with the addition of further binding agent, in particular of inorganic binder and particularly preferably one of the aforementioned phosphate binders with a suitable amount of water, this being provided by the dissolving water even when using dissolved binders can be set, the amount of water usually 2 to 30 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of the grain size. The amount of water depends on the grain size used, in particular this applies to Use of the fiber grain b.), Both in the dried as well as in the tempered or fired state. The determination of each However, the required amount of water is easily possible. Instead of one of the pas grits b ^) or bp) or a mixture A fiber grain b ,, and / or bo) can also be made up of this

with a third fiber grain to be described below b,) are used, for their production only organic

Binder was used.

The advantage of using such a fiber grain b ^) in a composite component according to the invention is that this fiber grain b 1) is still at least partially in the form of fibers in the composite component after its production. Since this fiber grain only contains organic binder, which burns out when the composite component is used, i.e. after the first heating to higher temperatures, individual grains of this fiber grain b ^) remain in the composite component as discrete areas and the fibers that are inside this fiber grain either even Experience little or no binding from inorganic binders that may have penetrated, consequently maintain a certain elasticity due to ceramic fibers that are not firmly bonded to one another, so that the layer containing such a fiber grain b ^) is particularly suitable as an expansion compensation layer, because it has relatively good elastic properties. This also applies to a certain extent when using fiber grain b _o ), in which only small amounts of phosphate binder penetrate into the fiber grain due to the special production of fiber grain b ₂ ), so that even after a temperature treatment of a composite component made with such fiber grain bp) According to the invention, the interior of the fiber grain remains elastic, so that overall the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer retains very good elastic properties.

In the other method according to the invention, an arbitrary refractory material is first used for the molded part suitable, d. H. Complementary insulating layer molded part from one of the aforementioned mixtures by pressing or Tamping is produced again with compaction by the specified volume factor. This molding is then dried and /

or tempered and / or fired and can then be glued or glued to the molded part made of any refractory material be cemented. The usual refractory cement or a concentrated solution can be used for gluing or cementing a phosphate binder can be used.

In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which an insulating layer molded part is glued to or onto the molded part made of any refractory material is cemented, is advantageously in stage c) only one drying of this insulating layer molding carried out, because this insulating layer molding is still in such a case has a certain elasticity or deformability, so that a better adaptation to the molded part made of any refractory material is given.

The statements made above with regard to the advantages the use of a mixture containing fiber grains in the production of the insulating layer are also in this Case given, d. H. through the use of fiber grains and in particular the fiber grains b ~) and b ^) is achieved, that the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer is particularly contains elastic and stress-absorbing properties.

As stated earlier, the reason for this is likely that the ceramic fibers in the individual particles of the fiber grain, no compaction is used in their production was or during their production a larger volume proportion of organic binders and a smaller proportion of Phosphate binders were used, their elastic properties in the individual grains of the insulating layer, if this is subjected to temperature, so that here elastic or stress-compensating individual areas or Single grains are present.

In the production of the fiber grains b ^), b ₂ ) and ΐθ, as in the production of the mixture, it is advantageous to use pulped fibers, as described above.

The rest used in the manufacture of these fiber grains Starting materials correspond to the starting materials, as they have already been mentioned above.

The fiber grains b ^), b ₂ ) and b,) are in the German

Patent applications P, P .. ■ or P

the applicant, which were deposited on the same day, described in more detail.

Their production is explained below:

Fiber grain b ^,)

The production of these fiber grains takes place in such a way that

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AlpO, and / or finest divided SiOp and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, if appropriate up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 5 parts by weight of phosphate binders, if necessary with the addition of plasticizer, with about 2 to 100 parts by weight of water in a mixer thoroughly get mixed up,

b) the mixture obtained in step a) is compressed by a volume factor of at least 3, and

c) the product obtained in step b) is dried and / or ^{heat-treated at temperatures of 250 to 600 °} C. and / or fired at higher temperatures and then comminuted to the desired grain size.

The composition given here corresponds to the composition as previously with reference to those in the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer Mixture has been described. During the production of the fiber grain the compression in stage b) is preferably carried out by a volume factor of 5 to 8. The one in the Step a) the amount of water added depends on the compression device in which the compression is carried out by one Volume factor of at least 3 is performed. When using a briquetting device or a turntable press an amount of water of 2 to 25 parts by weight is generally sufficient, while when using an extruder as Compaction device up to 100% by weight of water added must be, as this requires a more plastic mass.

Fiber grain bo)

The production of this fiber grain l> 2) takes place in such a way that:

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers are mixed with 10 to 4-0 parts by weight of water in a mixer,

b) to the mixture obtained in step a) 5 to 20 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O, and / or finely divided SiOp and / or aluminum hydroxide and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, as well as 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid, organic binder are added and mixed in,

c) on the mixture obtained in step b) 0.5 to 4 parts by weight an organic binder, calculated as a solid, in solution, and 1 to 8 parts by weight of one Phosphate binder calculated as Pp ^ S 'abandoned and get mixed in, and

d) the mixture obtained in step c) is dried and granulated.

Fiber grain b,)

.si-

This fiber grain b,) is produced in such a way that:

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AlpO, and / or finest divided S1O2 and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, if appropriate up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 10 parts by weight of organic binder, calculated in solid form, with about 5 "to 100 parts by weight of water be thoroughly mixed in a mixer, and

b) the mixture obtained in step a) compressed by a volume factor of at least 3, dried and then crushed to the desired grain size.

As with the production of the fiber grain b ^,) is the In this case, the amount of water to be added depends on the compression device in which the compression is carried out in the The mixture obtained in step a) is carried out using conventional compacting equipment such as briquetting presses and rotary table presses 5 to 25 parts by weight of water are required while in the case of compression in an extruder, up to 100 parts by weight of water to produce a more plastic starting material can be added in stage a).

For details of the production of the fiber grains b ^), \> 2 ^ or b ^), reference is made to the above-mentioned German patent applications of the applicant. The production of these fiber grains is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.

Manufacture of grain grains b ^)

In these examples two different varieties of ceramic fibers used, viz

A) ceramic fibers of the AlpO ^ -SiOo system with 4-7 % ^ p ⁰ and 53% SiO ~, the operating temperature of which is 1260 C, and

, Let B) ceramic parsers are of the system Al-O ^ -SiOp with 95% AIoO, and 5% S1O2 which have higher operating temperatures up to in excess of 15OO ⁰ C.

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In the following examples, the data relate to parts by weight, unless stated otherwise.

example 1

There were 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fibers A), 10 parts by weight Binding clay with a ΑΙοΟ, content of 35 wt .-% and 1.5 Parts by weight of dry methyl cellulose in powder form are added to an Eirich mixer and mixed for 10 minutes mixed. Then 10 parts by weight of 50% by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution were added and 2 parts by weight of water sprayed onto the mass in the mixer while continuing to mix and for mixed for another 30 minutes.

The product taken out of the mixer was at a

Compression pressure of 30 N / mm in a plate press to form a plate-shaped one Product with a thickness of 30 mm pressed, a compression of a factor of 5> 5 was obtained.

The plate-shaped product obtained was then ^{dried in an oven at 110 °} C. for 24 hours and then fired at different temperatures for 24 hours in each case and then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3 mm.

The grit had the following properties:

Table I.

Firing temperature ( ⁰ C) 800 1350 1510

Grain density R (g / cm ^) 1.34-1.52 1.77

specific gravity S (g / cm ^) 2.60 2.70 2.75

Pore volume, Pg, (YoI.-Ji) 4-7.7 4-3.7 35.6

Chemical analysis (%) Al ₂ O ₃ 4Λ, 7

SiO ₂ 50.7 P ₂ O ₅ 2.95

• κ - *

Example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, but using a turbo-mixer which disintegrated the fibers.

The pressure in stage b) was 10 or 15 H / mnT ", the Compaction was a factor of 4 or

If a fire was made at 1350 ^° C. for 24 hours and comminution, a grain with the following properties was obtained

Table II Pressing pressure (N / mm ² ) 10 15th R (g / cm ³ ) 0.7 1.02 spec. Weight (g / cnr) 2.7 2.7 Pg (vol .-%) 74 63

Example 3

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the proportion of monoaluminum phosphate solution was increased to 15 parts by weight and the proportion of water to 5 parts by weight with a mixing time shortened to 20 minutes. After a fire at 1350 ^° C. for 24 hours and comminution to the desired grain size, this had the following properties:

Table III

R (g / cm ³ ) 1.29

S (g / cm ³ ) 2.69

Pg (vol%) 53.8

Example 4

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that 8 parts by weight of firebrick flour were added in stage a) became. Furthermore, only 8.3 parts by weight of 50% strength by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution but 4 parts by weight Water added in the mixing stage.

The pressure in compression stage b) was 30 N / nm, this resulted in a compression by a volume factor of 5.2.

The plate-shaped product obtained was ^{dried at 180 °} C. and samples were fired at the different temperatures given in Table IV below. The dried or fired product was then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3 mm.

The granules obtained had the following properties:

Tabel IV 80 800 , 26 1 200 1 300 1 500 1 , 30 1 , 60 1 , 31 1 , 34 1 , 48 / cm ³ ) 1 , 60 2 , 5 2 , 65 2 , 68 2 , 72 2 , 0 51 50 , 5 50 , 0 45 , 6 50

Treatment temp. ( ⁰ C)
Grain density, R. (g / cm)
spec. Weight, (g / cm)
Pg, (vol. -50

Example 5

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that instead of the binding clay, 10 parts by weight were finely divided colloidal aluminum hydroxide was used. These Aluminum hydroxide was in the form of a highly viscous batch. It 8 parts by weight of 50% strength by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution and 3 parts by weight of water were added in the mixing stage.

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The compression in the pressing stage was carried out with one pressing pressure of 30 H / nm, this gave a volume factor of 5.4 in this compression stage.

The further treatment took place as in Example 1, but the drying ^{temperature was 120 °} C. and samples of the plate-shaped material were fired at the different firing temperatures given in Table V below. The material was then granulated as in Example 1.

The grain size had the following properties:

Table V 800 , 32 1200 , 38 13OO , 39 1500 120 1 , 72 1 , 77 1 , 79 1.44 ?) 1.34 2 , 5 2 , 2 2 ,1 2.83 2.72 51 50 50 49.1 50.7

Treatment temp. ( ⁰ C)
Grain volume, R,
spec. Weight, (g / cm *)
Pg, (vol .- *)

Example 6

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that instead of the 50 wt .-% monoaluminum phosphate solution 4.5 parts by weight of solid sodium polyphosphate in the mixing stage were added. The amount of water used was 9 parts by weight.

ο When compacting with a pressure of 30 N / nm, a

Compression achieved by a volume factor of 5.3.

The further processing was carried out as above, wherein the drying was carried out at 120 ⁰ C. The following table shows the properties of the fiber grains obtained from the dried product and the products fired at different firing temperatures in accordance with the procedure of Example 1.

Tabel YI , 19th 1200 , 32 1300 , 38 1500 , 41 120 , 61 1 , 65 1 , 69 1 , 73 1.22 800 , 4 2 ,1 2 , 6 2 , 4 2.60 1 50 48 48 53.1 2 54

Treatment temp. ( ⁰ C)
Grain density, B, (g / ciir) 1.22
spec. Weight,
Pg, (vol .-%)

Example 7

In this example, densification was carried out by extrusion.

First, 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers B) were mixed with 1.5 parts by weight of dry methyl cellulose in an Eirich mixer for 10 to 20 minutes. Then 10 parts by weight of the binding clay used in Example 1 and 2 parts by weight of finely divided chromium oxide with a maximum particle size of 63 μm were briefly mixed into the running mixer. -% solution of monoaluminum phosphate and 80 parts by weight of water and mixed thoroughly. The extrusion was carried out in a conventional extrusion device, the nozzle having a cross section of 250 × 190 mm. The volume factor achieved during the compression was 3.9 · The light emerging from the nozzle material has been cut to appropriate chunk lengths, these were initially for 24 hours at 110 ⁰ C and dried to

different firing temperatures given in Table VII each burned for 24 hours. Then these were treated Sample lumps comminuted to a fiber grain with a maximum grain size of 6 mm.

The properties obtained on this JP fiber grit were as follows:

Tabel VII 900 , 87 1100 , 92 1 300 1500 , 27 Treatment temp. ( ⁰ C) 110 0 , 61 0 , 63 1 , 00 1 , 73 Grain density, H, (g / cm ³ ) 0.90 2 , 6 2 , 0 2 , 65 2 , 5 spec. Weight, (g / cm *) 2.60 66 65 62 , 2 53 Pg, (vol .- *) 65.4

Example 8

First, 100 parts by weight of fibers were mixed with 1.5 parts by weight of dry methyl cellulose for 20 minutes in a turbo mixer digested, then 10 parts by weight of colloidal SXO2 were added in solid form, with the fibers mixed. Then 8 parts by weight of solid, powdery monoaluminum phosphate and 8 parts by weight of water were added, and mixed for another 12 minutes.

The obtained krümeiförmige mixture was compacted in a briquetting with a volume factor of 4.9, followed by 24 hours at 120 ⁰ C was dried, a further sample was heat treated for 24 hours at 400 ⁰ C without drying, and a further sample was also without prior Drying at 1000 ^° C. for 24 hours.

The obtained, treated samples were to a maximum Grain size of 4 mm crushed, the following properties were measured on the fiber grain obtained:

- 25th - VIII - ■ »· ::. * '-: "":: Tabel 120 * * K «* 1.15 400 1000 2.58 1.10 1.13 33 Λ 2.57 2.65 57.2 57.3

Treatment temp. ( ⁰ C) Grain density, R , (g / cm spec. Weight, (g / cnr) Pg, (vol .-%)

Manufacture of fiber grain

The ceramic fibers A and B mentioned above for fiber _{grain b 1} ) were also used in this production.

Examples 9 to; Π

The following approaches referring to data were used

on parts by weight:

Ex. 9 1.0 11

Fibers A 100 100 100 H ₂ O
Bentonite 30th
10 15th 40
15th Al ₂ O ₃ 5 5 - TiO ₂ - 2 1 Methyl cellulose solid 4th - 3.5 Solid sulphite liquor - 5 - SuIf itablauge. Solution,
10% by weight - 2 - Methyl cellulose solution,
5% by weight. 0.5 - 3 Mono aluminum DhosOhat solid 4th 8th

Solid sodium polyphosphate

2.5

First, the ceramic fibers were placed in an Eirich mixer and the specified amounts of water were sprayed on and mixed for 10 minutes. The bentonite, the Al ₂ O or TiO ₂ , and the solid methyl cellulose or the solid sulphite waste liquor were then added to this mixture and mixed in for a further 8 minutes. The specified solutions of sulphite waste liquor were then placed in the mixer

or methyl cellulose, to which the finely divided, solid Phosphate binders had been added, sprayed on and mixed for another 10 minutes.

The resulting crumbly mixture was taken out of the wiper.

The crumbly mixture of Examples 9 to 11 was ^{dried for 6 hours at 120 °} C. and then comminuted in a roll crusher to a maximum grain size of A mm.

The properties determined on the products were as follows:

Volume weight, g / cm? 0.22 0.14-0, AO

Examples 12 to H.

The procedure of Examples 9 to 11 was repeated, Here, however, disrupted, ceramic fibers B were used. The fibers were opened up in a turbo mixer (make Drais), for this purpose the fibers were equipped with cutter heads, high-speed Mixer treated for 5 minutes. These digested fibers B were then transferred to an Eirich mixer, in which the other constituents were added in accordance with the batches of Examples 9 to 1.1.

The products of Examples 12 to 14 also became a fiber grain produced.

The properties determined on the products were like follows:

Ex. Jj> __ 13 H

Volume weight, (g / cm ^) '0.25 0.17 0.45

Manufacture of F & serkornung b,)

Just like in the production of the FäBerkb'rnÜhg b.j) would Here ceramic fibers A or B with the compositions specified above are used »

Examples 15 to 19 used: 16 17th 1Ö ig The following approaches were made i! 5 WIM » μ «. 50 E.g. 100 100 100 100 '50 ceramic Paserii A - .. 6th _- 4th —_ ceramic fibers B 15th 4th 4th WIM Binding clay (with 35 % Al ₂ O,) at the 6th 2 4th Chromium oxide, <63yum - - 6th colloid. SiO ₂ - - - 4th 1 colloid. Al ₂ O ₅ 6th 7th 2 -. - Methyl cellulose, solid - - - «Μ MM —— Sulphite waste liquor, solid 2 Ί0 15th 12th 25th Fireclay flour 25th water

The ceramic fibers were mixed in an Eirich mixer Binding clay or the other ingredients mixed for 5 minutes j then the organic binder or binder mixture was used abandoned and finally added the water. Mixing was carried out for a total of 20 minutes.

This mixture would be used in a briquetting arich exercise (make KHD) compressed by the specified volume factors, then

Dried for 12 hours at 120 ^° C. and finally comminuted to a maximum grain size of about 6 mm. The following properties were determined on the fiber grains obtained:

Ex. 15 16 17 18 19

Volume weight, E, (g / cm ^) 1.25 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.23 Densification factor 5.4- 7.2 6.8 6.0 6.5 pore volume, Pg,

(% By volume) 49.5 69.7 68.0 53.8 62.6

Examples 20 to U

The approaches of Examples 15 to 19 were repeated, wherein here, however, disrupted fibers were used. The fibers were broken down in a turbo mixer (Make Drais) for 5 minutes. The remaining additives were then added and mixed in for 2 minutes.

The compression took place in a hydraulic press to form stones of 250 χ 125 × 30 mm, these were ^{dried for 12 hours at 120 °} C. and then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 6 mm. The following properties were determined on the fiber grains obtained;

Ex. 20 21 22 23 24

E (g / cm ^) 1.10 0.95 1.01 1.04 1.09

Compaction factor 6.0 7.9 7.2 6.9 7.3

Pg (vol%) 56.0 73.5 71.7 59.9 66.6

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Example 25

The batch from Example 20 was used with the exception that 80 parts by weight of water were mixed in. The densification was carried out in an extruder, in which case the cross-section of the nozzle 25Q χ was 190 mm. "The emerging from the extrusion press Rohbatzen were cut to suitable lengths and 24 hours at 120 ⁰ C dried. Subsequently, the obtained dried chunk to a maximum The following properties were determined on the fiber grain obtained:

H (g / cm ³ ) ¹ 0 , 95 Compression factor 3 , 2 Pg (vol .-%) 62 , 7

The following is the production of Composite components explained in more detail using examples.

Example 26

A paste was made using the following Components manufactured:

Parts by weight

ceramic fibers A 100

Binding clay with 35% Al ₂ O ₅ 10

Fireclay flour, <63yum 10

Mono aluminum phosphate, solid 6

The aforementioned ingredients were placed in a compulsory mixer (cycle type), mixed with one another for 2 minutes, then 25 parts by weight of water were added and mixed for a further 15 minutes.

A fired one was placed in a flask made of sheet metal, which was open at the top Alumina tube arranged vertically so that between the outside of this tube and the inside of the sheet metal box a gap remained. The previously produced fiber mass was poured into this space and crushed with a jackhammer. The upper edge of the pipe was then wiped off flush.

The composite component obtained in this way was ^{dried at 120 °} C. for 24 hours and then fired ^{at 1350 °} C. for 5 hours.

During the firing process, the fiber mass, i.e. the insulating layer, shrank onto the pipe and resulted in a solid, non-detachable unit with the inner barrel made of refractory material.

Such a composite component can be used as an insulated gas line, specifically in the case of gases which are to be carried at high temperatures of, for example, 1100 to 1150 ^° C. and / or a high gas velocity. Under such conditions, an insulating material would not be able to be used without an inner tube made of refractory material, in this case a silicon carbide tube.

Example 27

A pulp was made using the following ingredients:

Parts by weight

ceramic fibers B 100

Clay (approx. 40% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ ) 4

A1 ₂ O »less than 0.064 mm 6

Mono aluminum phosphate, solid 6

The ceramic fibers B were previously disrupted in a turbo mixer for 4 minutes. The further processing of the Mass was carried out as in Example 26.

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A tube made of silicon carbide with a diameter of 25 cm was used as the inner tube. Following the pulping of the obtained green compact at 300 ⁰ C for 24 hours was dried. Then it was heated ^{to 1000 °} C. by means of an electrical heating element built into the inner tube. There have been many temperature cycles, ie, the composite component was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and then re-heated to 1000 ^0C. The composite component had excellent durability and the tightly fitting insulating layer showed no cracks or peeling. This means that the fiber mass forming the insulating layer is elastic enough, despite high strength, to absorb different thermal expansions of silicon carbide from the inner tube on the one hand and the fiber mass forming the insulating layer on the other hand.

Examples 28 to 33

The batch used in Example 26 was prepared, and 100 parts by weight of this batch were those in the following Table IX listed fiber grains in the specified Quantities and additional amounts of water were added and mixed in for 2 minutes in the mixer. However, in example 29, 31, 33 in contrast to the approach in Example 26, 7.5 parts by weight of monoaluminum phosphate used. Using these materials, it was possible to produce composite components in accordance with the procedure of Example 26 can be produced with excellent properties.

Tabel IX 31 32 33 E.g. 28 29 30th b ₂ ) V b ₃ ) Fiber grain, type V V 12th 18th 19th Fiber grain v. E.g. 1 '"" 5 11 300 20th 400 Quantity (parts by weight) 50 200 40 Example 34

The batch used in Example 27 was made up in a platen press with compaction by a volume factor of 5 »2 to plates with a thickness

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of 3 mm pressed. The plates were ^{dried at 120 °} C. for 5 hours. Pieces with stone dimensions (405 × 135 mm) were cut out of these plates and cemented onto one side of fireclay bricks with a fire-proof putty. The. The composite components obtained in this way had an expansion compensation layer.

Examples 35 to 40

The amounts given in Table X below were used (in parts by weight) of fiber grain / s of the specified types, which had been prepared in the examples also given in Table X, fed into a ßirich mixer, to 100 parts by weight of the fiber grain / or. of the mixture of fiber grains were each 5 parts by weight of a 50 wt .-% Added monoaluminium phosphate solution and 10 parts by weight of water, mixing was then continued for an additional 3 minutes. The masses obtained were also around an inner tube made of refractory Material pulped, with composite components with excellent Properties were obtained.

Type Ij ₁ ) Tabel 36 X 38 39 40 E.g. E.g. 35 - 37 25th 25th Fiber grain, Type b ₂ ) 100 50 6th 7th V. E.g. 4th 100 3 50 25th Fiber grain, Type b ₃ ) - 12th 50 13th 14th V. E.g. - 12th 25th 50 Fiber grain, - - 17th 18th V.

When building up the mixtures of fiber grains, a grain structure with 3 mm maximum grain and a proportion below 1 mm of about 30% by weight is complied with.

Claims (16)

DIDIEK-WEEKE AG
6200 Wiesbaden Claims Fireproof or fire-resistant composite component with a Molded part made of any fire-resistant or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer, characterized in that the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer is firmly connected to the molded part and is made of: a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely disintegrated Al ₀ O ^ and / or finely disintegrated _SiO? and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as PpOc ₅ and optionally one Addition of plasticizer, or b) optionally with the further addition of a binder made of one of the following fiber grains or one Mixture of such fiber grains b.) a first fiber grain produced by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AloO ^ and / or finely divided SiOp and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, if necessary up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as ^^^, optionally with an additive • ·· «h mm ·· • »* mm ύ in *« of plasticizer with 2 to 100 parts by weight of water, compressing this mixture obtained by a volume factor of at least 3? Drying and / or heat treatment at 250 ^° C. to 600 ^° C. and / or firing at higher temperatures of the product obtained and subsequent comminution thereof down to the desired grain size, bp) a second fiber grain produced by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers with 10 to 4-0 parts by weight of water, adding and mixing in 5 "to 20 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AloO, and / or finely divided SiOp and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide and 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid, organic binder, adding and mixing in 0.5 to A wt . -Parts of organic binder in solution and 1 to 8 parts by weight of a phosphate binder, calculated as 1 * 2 ^ 5 '^ ^roc , of the product obtained and crushing to the desired grain size, or a mixture of one of the fiber grains b ^) and / or bp) with a third fiber grit b) is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers having 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely disintegrated Al ₀ O-, and / or finely disintegrated siop and / or Aluminum hydroxides and / or fine t divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 10 parts by weight of organic binder, calculated in solid form, and 5 to 100 parts by weight V / ater, compressing the mixture obtained by a volume factor of at least 3, drying the product and comminuting to the desired grain size, or ■ "3 c) from a mixture of a) and one or more of the fiber grains b.), ¹ Q ^) ^and b,). 2. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that that it contains bentonite as a clay component in the insulating layer. 3. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that that it contains porcelain powder, chamotte or hollow spherical corundum as a further refractory additive in the insulating layer. 4 ·. Composite component according to Claim 1, characterized in that that the insulating layer is sodium polyphosphate as a phosphate binder contains. 5. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that that the insulating layer is monoaluminum phosphate as a phosphate binder contains. 6. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that that it contains methyl cellulose as a plasticizer or organic binder in the insulating layer. 7. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that it is molasses or sulphite waste liquor as the organic binder contains. 8. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used as ceramic fibers contains digested ceramic fibers. 9 composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a tubular body with an outer insulating layer. 10. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that cavities in the insulating layer In particular, there are lines or cavities to accommodate lines or reinforcements. 11. A method for producing a composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AlpO, and / or finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as i ^ O, -, optionally with the addition of plasticizer, with 2 to 25 parts by weight of water in one Mixers are thoroughly mixed, b) the mixture obtained in step a) on at least one side of a standard part made of any refractory or fire-resistant material is pressed on with compression by a volume factor of at least 3, and c is in level) obtained green compact b of the composite component is dried and / or annealed at temperatures of 250 to 600 ⁰ C and / or baked at temperatures from 600 to 1600 ⁰ C). 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that in step a) after preparation of the mixture, a fiber grain with the compositions specified in claim 1 b ^), b ₂ ) or b,) or a mixture thereof is briefly mixed in, in which case the compression in stage b) takes place by a volume factor of at least 1.5. 13. A method for producing a composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that a fiber grain with the composition specified in claim 1 b ^) or b ~) or a mixture thereof or a mixture of the fiber grain b,) mentioned in claim 1 with a fiber grain b ,,) or b ~) or a mixture thereof with water, optionally with further addition of phosphate binder or organic binder, with water to form a compressible mass that this mass is pressed onto at least one side of a molded part made of any fire-resistant or fire-resistant material is and annealed, the green compact of the composite component is dried and / or at temperatures of 250 to 600 ⁰ C and / or baked at temperatures of 600-1600 ⁰ C. 14. Method for producing a composite component according to Claim 1, characterized in that a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight Clay and / or finest divided AIpO, and / or finest divided S1O2 and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binders, optionally with the addition of plasticizer, with 2 to 25 parts by weight of water in one Mixer are thoroughly mixed, optionally also a fiber grain of the type specified in claim 1 Composition b ^), bp) or b,) or a mixture this is briefly mixed in, b) the mixture obtained in step a) to form a molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant material Material complementary insulating layer or expansion compensation layer molded part under compression by a volume factor of at least 3 "when used the mixture without fiber grain (s) or from at least 1.5 "when using a mixture containing a fiber grain or fiber grains will, c) in the level) of the insulated gate gudgeon or expansion compensation layer forming member obtained b dried and / or tempered at temperatures of 250 to 600 ⁰ C and / or is baked at temperatures of 600-1600 ⁰ C, and d) the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer molded part obtained in step c) with the molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant material is connected by gluing or cementing. 15 · A method for producing a composite component according to claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the as ceramic fibers in the production of the mixture o, which uses fibers digested in the fiber grain will. 16. A method for producing a composite component according to one of claims 12, 14 or 15 _5, characterized in that up to 400 parts by weight of one of the fiber grains b ^), b ₂ ) or b,) to 100 parts by weight of the mixture or a mixture thereof can be added.