DE29919074U1 - Limestone - Google Patents

Description

Utility model application

East Frisian Building Materials GmbH & Co. KC, Dornumer Str. 92-94,26607 Aurich

Sand-lime brick

The invention relates to a sand-lime brick.

It is known that sand-lime brick is an excellent building element for constructing a building's masonry. It is inexpensive, can be used over a relatively large area and can be bonded with a thin-bed mortar with a joint thickness of 1 to 3 mm, for example, so that the masonry created in this way has insulating properties that also meet the most modern requirements for energy saving.

The sand-lime brick can be used architecturally, for example, for a rear wall, which is then faced with a brickwork in a double-shell construction, or the outside of the sand-lime brick wall could be plastered, possibly using additional insulating materials. Of course, any other facade cladding could also be considered.

This means that sand-lime brick masonry is used in particular for interior walls or the inside of building walls and is therefore suitable and used for the formation of more internal structures.

However, every building usually has a fireplace, and every fireplace requires a device to remove the combustion gases produced, whereby in the domestic context we speak of chimneys in this context. However, the requirements and technical conditions for chimneys are as varied as the types of fireplaces, for example in the form of thermal baths, ovens, condensing boilers or the like. The main distinguishing criteria are the type of fuel and the resulting exhaust gas composition, the location of the installation and the type of fireplace, which in particular determines the exhaust gas temperature. The chimney systems used today are mainly multi-layer chimneys with or without rear ventilation, air-exhaust gas chimneys and double-layer chimneys.

What all chimneys have in common is that they are encased in a solid shell, known as a chimney casing or chimney cheek. In the past, this shell was often made of bricks, but today, in single-family and multi-family house construction, so-called prefabricated chimneys in the form of casing stones are available in various systems. These casing stones are usually made as prefabricated parts from concrete, often from aerated concrete, i.e. cast. They statically support the chimney and are equipped with an internal channel that allows the installation of various exhaust gas routing systems. It is usual to have a separate version of the casing stone for each diameter of the inner pipe that carries the actual exhaust gas, and for each system, e.g. a multi-layer chimney or an air-exhaust gas system.

Casting such different forms of casing stones with concrete is relatively inexpensive and easy. Nevertheless, such a chimney casing made of concrete is a kind of foreign body in modern house construction, which

It must be manufactured and delivered in a way that is tailored to the intended furnace in terms of the required shape and, due to its specific weight alone, is relatively heavy and difficult to handle. Such a concrete chimney casing does not have sufficient insulating properties for the area of a furnace and its exhaust gases, so that the required thermal insulation must be achieved mainly using specific insulating materials. Changes to the concrete piece on site can also only be made with great effort because the concrete material is not well suited to subsequent processing.

The invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating a sand-lime brick which is suitable for the construction of a chimney, in particular of a residential or commercial building, in order to close this gap remaining for the internal structural design of a casing for the sand-lime brick, since, as described at the beginning, the sand-lime brick is actually particularly suitable for this internal structure.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the sand-lime brick is designed as a casing brick for the construction of a chimney in that the sand-lime brick material is formed into a rectangular frame made of upstanding, integrally connected walls which form a hollow cuboid which encloses a section of an inner channel for the chimney.

The sand-lime brick according to the invention is, like its concrete counterpart, on the one hand designed as a prefabricated part, but on the other hand can be handled and laid in the manner of a conventional sand-lime brick in a manner familiar to the bricklayer. In particular, the use of thin-bed mortar as with sand-lime brick walls is possible, and the insulating properties of the sand-lime brick material are also of particular advantage for this new application of the sand-lime brick.

In particular, the sand-lime brick can be made relatively lightweight, so that no additional lifting machines or lifting gear are required, which may not otherwise be used on a construction site for laying large-format sand-lime bricks.

Preferably, a sand-lime brick material is used for the sand-lime brick according to the invention which belongs to a bulk density class of about 1.2-1.8.

In addition, a weight-reducing perforation can be provided, in particular a perforation formed from vertical holes, so that the sand-lime brick becomes even lighter in weight and is therefore even easier to handle.

Ventilation ducts for rear ventilation can also be easily integrated into the sand-lime brick according to the invention, with the ventilation ducts also preferably being designed as vertical holes. This means that existing vertical holes in particular can partly serve to reduce weight, but can also partly be designed as rear ventilation ducts for rear ventilation or can also be subsequently set up for this purpose. For this purpose, the sand-lime brick can have or receive outlet openings on its outside that form an air-conducting connection to ventilation ducts or corresponding vertical holes.

The sand-lime brick according to the invention can also be shaped in a simple manner, as is usual for sand-lime bricks, that is, it can be pressed with all its shaping elements.

In the sand-lime brick according to the invention, a through-opening can also be introduced or formed in its wall, which can be used as an opening for a cleaning door, a smoke pipe opening or as another inspection opening.

A particular advantage is that a casing brick according to the invention can also be provided with a through hole as required on the building site at a later date by simply cutting a corresponding hole into the casing bricks on the building site, for example with an angle grinder. On the other hand, however, with the sand-lime brick according to the invention it is also possible to provide special casing bricks that are already formed and have the corresponding wall opening.

In particular, a larger wall opening can be specified by, as preferably provided according to the invention, the through-opening being designed as a partial opening open to an edge of the wall, which is capable of forming a complete opening in the chimney section created from it in a complementary manner with a partial opening of another sand-lime brick. The total opening formed by the two partial openings is formed automatically when the corresponding casing bricks are built up and can be specified with such a precise fit that a door or the like can be easily inserted.

A further development of the invention provides that the sand-lime brick is provided with form-locking elements on bearing surfaces, in particular on the edges of the walls of a casing brick, at least in sections, and preferably with tongue and groove elements. This makes it easier to set the bricks in a precise fit, whereby such form-locking elements on bearing surfaces of sand-lime bricks are new overall, so that independent protection is also claimed for this.

Especially when using sand-lime brick material, such form-locking elements can be provided for the precise setting of the bricks, because sand-lime brick can be manufactured with very small dimensional tolerances. For the same reason, it is also possible to glue sand-lime bricks with thin-bed mortar, because

Due to the precise fit of the sand-lime bricks, even a thick joint to compensate for dimensional differences is not required.

As already mentioned, the alignment of the casing bricks in horizontal and vertical directions is achieved almost automatically and in a much shorter time by the form-locking elements when gluing, so that the entire chimney can be erected in a much shorter time than before.

Ultimately, different variants of form-locking elements can be used.

A component system for constructing a chimney, comprising at least one sand-lime brick, which is designed as a casing brick according to the invention and for which independent protection is also claimed, is characterized in that the sand-lime brick designed as a casing brick is designed as a standard-size casing brick that is independent of the exhaust gas design of the chimney.

Unlike the prior art, a special form of casing stone is not provided for each type of furnace and each type of chimney, but the construction of a chimney is particularly simplified according to the invention by using a standard-sized casing stone. The standardized design of the chimney system, for example in relation to the furnace, can be achieved independently of the casing stone through the internal design of the chimney system, for example by using an inner pipe or several inner pipes to form a single-flue or multi-flue chimney, which are standardized to match the furnace used and are also commercially available in this form.

The corresponding inner pipes can be supported at a distance from the casing brick by a spacer. Depending on the type of chimney, which is determined by the interior design of the chimney, different distances to the casing bricks may have to be bridged, but this only means that the spacers have to be designed in a standardized manner and kept in a range, but the casing brick itself can be provided inexpensively and easily in a standardized shape and size. It would also be conceivable to provide variable spacers, which for example have support elements that can be changed in length. The space between the inner pipe and the casing brick resulting from the distance can advantageously be filled with thermal insulation and used accordingly.

Embodiments from which further inventive features emerge are shown in the drawing. They show:

Fig. 1 shows a casing stone according to the invention in perspective view,

Fig. 2 a to e various possible variations of form-locking elements on a casing stone according to Fig. 1,

Fig.3 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a casing stone with vertical holes,

Fig. 4 a plan view of a second embodiment of a casing stone
with high holes,

Fig. 5 a section of a chimney shell in partially sectioned perspective view,

Fig. 6 is a section through the casing section according to Fig. 5 along the section line designated VI-VI in Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 a section of a chimney casing made of casing bricks according to the invention
with a wall opening,

Fig. 8 and 9 show in perspective views two casing stones according to the invention for forming a wall opening according to Fig. 7,

Fig. 10a to d different variations of spacers or
Spacers in plan view,

Fig. 11a to d the spacers according to Fig. 10a to d each in a side view
and

Fig. 12 the perspective view of a section of a chimney casing
with an overall view of the system elements used.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a casing brick made of sand-lime brick according to the invention. This casing brick consists of sand-lime brick material which is formed into a rectangular frame made of upstanding, integrally connected walls 1 which form a hollow cuboid which encloses or frames a section of an inner channel 2 for a chimney. Form-locking elements 4 can be seen on the edges 3 of the walls 1.

Fig. 2, with its sub-figures a to e, shows sections through a wall 1 of a casing stone according to the invention, which show various possible variations of form-locking elements 4 on the edges 3. These are largely tongue-and-groove connecting elements.

Fig. 3 and 4 show two embodiments of casing stones according to the invention, each of which has vertical holes 5 or 6 or 7. The vertical holes 5 to 7 shown ultimately only differ in their diameter. These vertical holes 5 to 7 can serve, on the one hand, to reduce the weight of the casing stone,

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without affecting its strength or statics, but they can also serve at least partially as ventilation channels for rear ventilation. As Fig. 3 and 4 clearly show, vertical holes 5 of the same type or vertical holes 6,7 of different types can be provided in a casing stone.

In this case, the holes 5 according to the embodiment in Fig. 3 could be used either to reduce weight or, in individual cases, as rear ventilation channels, while in the embodiment according to Fig. 4, the larger vertical holes 6 primarily serve for rear ventilation, while the smaller vertical holes 7 primarily serve to reduce weight.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a section of a chimney casing made up of casing bricks according to the invention. The sectional view shows vertical holes 5 in the casing bricks, which can be used to reduce the weight of the casing bricks, but can also be used as rear ventilation channels by providing an air-conducting connection to the outside of the casing bricks with the aid of laterally provided through-openings 8.

The resulting air duct formation for such rear ventilation is shown in the sectional view of Fig. 6.

Fig. 7 again shows a perspective view of a section of a chimney casing made of bricks.

Two of the casing stones shown have partial through-openings 9 in each of their walls 1, which are open to the respective edge 3 of the respective casing stones, wherein the two partial openings 9 complement each other to form an overall through-opening.

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The two casing stones for forming such a through opening with partial openings 9 are shown again in perspective in Figs. 8 and 9.

Fig. 10 and 11 show in their sub-figures a to d each different possible variations of spacers, namely in Fig. 10 in the respective top view and in Fig. 11 in a side view.

Each of these spacers, which serves to space and support an inner pipe in a chimney casing relative to the walls 1 of the casing bricks, essentially comprises a ring element 10 and support arms or support elements 11. Depending on the design of these support elements 11, a slightly different type of support takes place on the casing bricks.

The ring elements 10 are to be opened and closed like a clamp in order to enclose or insert the respective inner pipe.

Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of a section of a chimney system according to the invention with various system elements. The outer casing is formed by the casing bricks according to the invention, and spacers 10 with their spacer elements 11 can be seen inside, the spacer elements 11 of which protrude into the area of the casing bricks.

On an edge 3 of a casing stone it is indicated that the edge surface or bearing surface of such a casing stone can, for example, have a receptacle 12 for the positive engagement of a spacer element 11; moreover, the edges 3 of the casing stones in turn have positive locking elements 4 which serve for the positive connection and precise positioning of the casing stones when they are placed on top of one another.

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Between the casing stones and the ring elements 10, which are intended to accommodate and support an inner pipe (not shown in detail), a thermal insulation 13 made of a suitable dam material is provided and shown.

Claims (15)

1. Lime sand brick, characterized in that it is designed as a casing brick for the construction of a chimney, in that the lime sand brick material is shaped into a rectangular frame of upstanding, integrally connected walls ( 1 ) which form a hollow cuboid which comprises a section of at least one inner channel ( 2 ) for the chimney. 2. Sand-lime brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the sand-lime brick material belongs to a density class of about 1.2-1.8. 3. Lime sand brick according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a weight-reducing perforation. 4. Lime sand brick according to claim 3, characterized in that the perforation is formed from vertical holes ( 5-7 ). 5. Sand-lime brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has ventilation channels for rear ventilation. 6. Sand-lime brick according to claim 5, characterized in that the ventilation channels are designed as vertical holes ( 5-7 ). 7. Lime sand brick according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it has openings ( 8 ) on its outside which form an air-conducting connection to ventilation ducts. 8. Lime sand brick according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the walls ( 1 ) is perforated with a through opening ( 9 ). 9. Lime sand brick according to claim 8, characterized in that the through opening ( 9 ) is designed as a partial opening open to an edge ( 3 ) of the wall ( 1 ), which is capable and intended to form a complete opening in the chimney section made therefrom in a complementary manner with a partial opening of another lime sand brick. 10. Lime sand brick, preferably according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that bearing surfaces or the edges of the walls are provided, at least in sections, with form-locking elements ( 4 ). 11. Sand-lime brick according to claim 10, characterized in that the form-locking elements are designed as tongue and groove elements. 12. Component system for constructing a chimney, comprising at least one sand-lime brick according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sand-lime brick designed as a casing brick is designed as a standard-size casing brick that is independent of the exhaust gas design of the chimney. 13. Building element system according to claim 12, characterized in that an inner pipe which can be introduced into the inner channel ( 2 ) of the casing stone or stones is provided for forming a draft of the chimney. 14. Building element system according to claim 13, characterized by a spacer ( 10 , 11 ) for the distanced support or for spacing the inner tube from the walls ( 1 ) of the casing stone. 15. Set of components according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by insulating material ( 13 ) for forming a thermal insulation between the inner pipe and the walls ( 1 ) of the casing stone.