DE29914387U1 - Device for bundling field lines of a primary magnetic field to form a secondary magnetic field of increased field line density with spiral-shaped field lines - Google Patents

Description

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Description

1. State of the art

The invention relates to a device for bundling field lines of a primary magnetic field running in a non-ferromagnetic material or in a vacuum to form a secondary magnetic field of increased field line density with spiral-shaped field lines, the compression of which within the device and in the axial extension of which at one or both ends is almost completely maintained in an environment of non-ferromagnetic material or vacuum over a length of at least a quarter of the length of the device, characterized in that it consists of a spiral of wire-shaped ferromagnetic material accommodated within the primary magnetic field and open at one or both ends with non-touching spiral turns.

The lines of magnetic fields have the fundamental property of immediately repelling each other when they exit a magnetic pole and of seeking their way to the opposite pole on paths that are continually moving further apart from each other.

In non-ferromagnetic (diamagnetic, paramagnetic) materials, the resulting scattering of the magnetic field lines is almost undisturbed. The loss of field line density associated with the scattering is expressed in physics in numbers by the 1:r law. It states, for example, that the density value "x" measured at a distance of 1 mm from the output of a magnetic field drops to the value x:4 if this distance is doubled, to x:25 if this distance is increased fivefold, and to x:2500 if this distance is increased fifty times. This can result, for example, in a permanent magnet used for therapeutic purposes that is intended to reach an organ 50 mm deep inside the body with a field strength of 1 mT, having to have a field strength of 1x50x50=2500 mT or 2.5 T on the surface of the skin. This situation is only marginally improved by using ferromagnetic guide plates on the back and flanks of the permanent magnet to short-circuit the field lines and project them more in the desired main direction.

There are therefore two difficulties in using magnetic fields with increased field density: firstly, the enormous loss of concentration due to the strong scattering of field lines, and secondly, the very wide scattering of field lines in space, which can reach unwanted places and cause damage.

In electrical engineering, it is possible to use ferromagnetic materials (mainly iron), in which magnetic field lines concentrate to a large extent, to hold these field lines together in a condensed form and also to redirect them. Redirection always works best when a ferromagnetic material shortens the path of many field lines between the two magnetic poles.

However, this field line compression only works within ferromagnetic materials. As soon as the field lines pass from such a material to a non-ferromagnetic material, they repel each other and scatter their paths as far apart as when they exit a magnetic pole.

According to the current state of the art, any treatment of a non-ferromagnetic material in a homogeneous magnetic field of increased field density is only possible if the material to be treated is placed in the hollow core of an electromagnet, i.e. in the interior of a coil through which current flows. In the middle of such a coil, halfway along the coil length, the artificially generated magnetic field consists of almost homogeneously distributed field lines running parallel to one another.

Many possible applications for magnetic fields of increased field density are known from special fields of biology, medicine and chemistry, such as the killing of bacteria, viruses and microparasites, the repolarization of the docking surfaces of antibodies of the immune system to antigens or the chemical activation of the oxygen contained in liquids.
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Such effects occur at a field line density that corresponds to 8 to 10 times the density of the Earth's magnetic field.

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However, in order to kill certain parasites in a patient's intestines with a magnetic field that is 60 times denser than the Earth's magnetic field, the current state of the art requires either placing the patient's entire body inside a very large electric coil or treating the intestinal area locally with an extremely strong electric or permanent magnet.

Neither is sensible. When the whole body is placed in the coil, very sensitive parts of the body such as the spine and nerve cords are exposed to the concentrated magnetic field and can be seriously damaged.

For the intended local treatment of the patient's intestinal region, extremely strong magnets must be used due to the magnetic field scattering and the distance between the abdominal wall and ^the patient's intestine. If in this example the strength of the earth's magnetic field is assumed to be 40 μΔ and the compression required to kill the parasites is assumed to be a factor of 60, then 2400 μΔ or 2.4 mT are required in the patient's intestine. If the distance from the abdominal wall to the intestine is 100 mm, the treatment magnet on the abdominal wall must produce a power of at least 3 to 4 Tesla. This value exceeds the actual requirement of 2.4 mT by more than a thousand times and is easily sufficient to cause permanent damage to the parts of the skin tissue close to the surface of the permanent magnet. Further damage must be expected in the tissue located at the side, which, due to the width dispersion of the magnetic field, unintentionally enters a field area that has a density 1000 times higher than the Earth's magnetic field.

The current state of the art is therefore the situation that many theoretically known application possibilities for magnetic fields of increased field density in biology, medicine, chemistry and research cannot be used because there is no way to produce such fields with homogeneous field density outside of ferromagnetic materials and to project them outside of the devices producing them sufficiently far and scatter-free into an object or material to be treated without losing any significant homogeneity.

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2. On the task

The object of the present invention is to provide a device by means of which a magnetic field of increased field density is created, the field lines of which scatter only insignificantly outside ferromagnetic materials over a sufficiently large spatial extent and the increased field density of which is therefore available over a sufficiently large spatial extent for applications in chemistry, medicine, physics and biology, which were not possible according to the prior art due to the strong field line scattering.

Possible areas of application for magnetic fields with increased, homogeneous field density include, for example, magnetic field treatments of certain brain areas of the human head, the sterilization of drinking water, the neutralization of aflatoxins in nuts or the suppression of alternating magnetic fields emitted from electrical devices by stronger direct fields.

Since magnetic fields with increased, homogeneous field density can only be produced according to the state of the art within ferromagnetic materials, where they cannot be used for most of the applications mentioned, or inside coreless electric coils, which does not allow their targeted use in the human body, the object of the present invention must be to prevent the large loss of density of known magnetic fields caused by field line scattering and to maintain a field line bundling or compression once achieved in free space - i.e. in non-ferromagnetic materials and in a vacuum within a spatial extent sufficiently large for the intended application.

The invention does not have to produce its own magnetic field for this purpose. Rather, it can use an existing primary magnetic field of low density, such as the earth's magnetic field, and condense its field lines into a secondary magnetic field of increased field line density.

For the practical application of the secondary magnetic field created thereby, it is important that the present invention provides this field in different sizes and in different compression levels.

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3. To solve the task

To achieve the object, the invention proposes a device for bundling field lines of a primary magnetic field running in a non-ferromagnetic material or in a vacuum to form a secondary magnetic field of increased field line density with spiral-shaped field lines, the compression of which within the device and in the axial extension of which at one or both ends is almost completely retained in an environment of non-ferromagnetic material or vacuum over a length of at least a quarter of the length of the device, characterized in that it consists of a spiral of wire-shaped ferromagnetic material accommodated within the primary magnetic field and open at one or both ends with non-touching spiral turns.

! Based on the well-known phenomenon that ferromagnetic materials can attract and redirect the field lines of magnetic fields, various forms of such materials have been systematically investigated with regard to this effect.

, It turned out that the field lines also follow spirally wound wire-like materials, such as iron wire, to a significant extent in almost any length.

It can be assumed that this phenomenon was not observed according to the current state of the art because there were no suitable measuring instruments available that could have accurately measured the magnetic field lines spiraling within an iron wire spiral and their density.

Amazingly, inside a spiral made of iron wire, which is placed in a primary magnetic field such as the earth's magnetic field, a much higher concentration of field lines is created than that which would result from the addition of the field lines present in the spiral cross-section without compression with the field lines added by the flow at the ends of the wire.

For testing, various spirals were made from different materials with different dimensions and shapes. They were

exposed to the earth's magnetic field in a room in which an average field strength of approximately 50 μΔT was determined.

Four of these spirals are described below.

Spiral 01

Wire shape: round

Wire material: iron

Wire diameter: 1.4 mm

Coil pitch: 7.5 mm

Spiral diameter: 45 mm

Spiral length: 500 mm

Achieved field line compression compared to the Earth's magnetic field: 8 to 10 times.

Spiral 02

Wire shape: rectangular

Wire material: spring steel

Wire cross section: 5x1 mm

Coil spacing: 12 mm
Spiral diameter: 130 mm

Spiral length: 650 mm

Achieved field line compression compared to the Earth's magnetic field: 20 to 22 times.

The unexpected concentration of field lines within the spirals appears to be caused by the fact that along the entire length of the spiral, each turn attracts the field lines from the outside and, due to the repulsion effect of like poles, the field lines already circulating in the direction of the wire are pushed towards the center of the spiral.

The field lines running inside the spirals are aligned spirally according to the wire windings. The distribution of the field line density inside the spirals shows only insignificant differences, so that a largely homogeneous field of spirally rotating field lines is created, the

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Winding diameters result from their respective positions within the spiral cross-section.

This spiral-shaped field line pattern within the spirals according to the invention appears to be responsible for another surprising effect: the pronounced stability of the compression zone at both ends of the spirals.

On spiral 01, the field line compression from the end of the spiral axially, based on the value at the end of the spiral, in both directions is: , - up to a distance of approx. 125 mm almost 100 %

- up to approx. 250 mm distance decreasing to approx. 80 %

- up to approx. 375 mm distance decreasing to approx. 50 %

- up to a distance of approx. 500 mm decreasing to 0 = earth's magnetic field density.

The diameters of the compaction zones change accordingly as follows:

- At the spiral ends: diameter 45 mm

- up to approx. 125 mm distance: diameter 45 mm

- up to approx. 250 mm distance: widening to approx. 50 mm - up to approx. 375 mm distance: widening to approx. 67 mm

- up to approx. 500 mm distance: widening to approx. 142 mm.

According to the available measurements, the spiral rotation of the field lines within the wire spirals appears to almost follow the lines of the wire material and, at the spiral ends, from about a quarter of the spiral length, continuously adapts to the horizontal field line course of the earth's magnetic field.

In order to achieve a further concentration or condensation of the earth's magnetic field lines, spirals arranged coaxially inside each other were produced. Two of these spirals had the following data:

Spiral 03
Wire shape: round
Wire material: structural steel

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Wire diameter: 6 mm

Outer spiral pitch: 40 mm

Inner spiral pitch: 24 mm

Spiral diameter outer spiral: 285 mm

Spiral diameter inner spiral: 150 mm

Spiral length: 560 mm

Achieved field line compression compared to the Earth's magnetic field: 40 to 42 times.

The field line compression occurs on the inner spiral cross-section of approx.

^176.7cm2 .

Spiral 04

Wire shape: round

Wire material: iron

Wire diameter: 1.4 mm

Outer spiral pitch: 8.0 mm

Inner spiral pitch: 5.3 mm

Spiral diameter outer spiral: 70 mm

Spiral diameter inner spiral: 28 mm

Achieved field line compression compared to the Earth's magnetic field: 60 to 63 times.

The field line compression occurs on the inner spiral cross-section of approx.

^6.15cm2 .

On spiral 03, the field line compression from the end of the spiral axially, in both directions, based on the value at the end of the spiral: - up to approx. 280 mm almost 100 %

- up to approx. 560 mm decreasing to approx. 80 %

- up to approx. 840 mm decreasing to approx. 50 %

- down to approx. 1120 mm, descending to 0 = Earth's magnetic field density.

From the comparison of spirals 02 and 03, which are comparable in terms of their inner spiral cross-section and length, it is clear that the coaxial arrangement of several spirals inside each other not only significantly strengthens the field line bundling, but also significantly increases the stability of the spirally rotating and condensed magnetic field with respect to its projection in the axial direction.

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The data for spiral 04 clearly show that it is possible to concentrate the compression zone on a small diameter using coaxial spirals with a smaller inner diameter. With such a spiral, magnetic field treatments can be carried out on narrowly defined brain regions deep inside the patient's head without having to accept a magnetic overload of peripheral parts of the head.

If such a magnetic field treatment is to be carried out at a point 60 mm from the scalp in the head of a patient with 60 times the earth's magnetic field density, then this is possible with a coaxial spiral according to the invention of the spiral type 04, without having to apply a magnetic field strength of more than 60 times the earth's magnetic field density, i.e. approximately 60x40=2400 μΔT, to any point on the head. In contrast, one would have to use a permanent magnet or electromagnet of at least 2 to 3 T, which is technically impossible and because of the excessive width dispersion.

The tests also showed that a round cross-sectional shape of the ferromagnetic, wire-like spiral material is the most cost-effective variant with good values for field line bundling. Rectangular cross-sectional shapes, such as the 5x1 mm spring steel used for spiral 02, improve the results slightly. The best results are achieved when a rectangular cross-sectional shape is used in such a way that its wider surface is parallel to the outer surface and the inner surface of the spiral. Similar results are achieved by placing two or more wires with round cross-sections close together in each turn.

The tests also showed that there is a certain optimal ratio between the wire diameter and the winding distance. This optimum is close to a ratio of 1 to 6.67, for example for a round wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm with a winding distance of 13.0 to 13.5 mm. This optimum changes depending on the cross-sectional shape

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of the wire-like material. It also changes when the spirals are arranged coaxially.

The bundling performance of a single spiral decreases if the winding distance is significantly below or above the optimum. It is reduced to almost zero if the windings touch each other.

Furthermore, the tests showed that there is a certain optimal ratio between the wire diameter and the spiral diameter. This optimum is close to a ratio of 1 to 50, for example for a round wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm with a spiral diameter of 100 mm, or for a round steel with a diameter of 20 mm with a spiral diameter of 2000 mm. This optimum also changes depending on the cross-sectional shape of the wire-like material and only applies to a limited extent to spirals arranged coaxially inside one another.

In the case of coaxially arranged spirals, the diameter of the wire-like material in the inner spirals must be kept larger in relation to the spiral diameter in order to achieve optimal bundling or compression values.

For experimental purposes, triple coaxial spirals with values of up to 78 times the Earth's magnetic field density and an eight-fold coaxial spiral with a value of 115 times the Earth's magnetic field density were produced.

Another experiment showed that the secondary magnetic field condensed by a spiral can be further strengthened in its core zone by inserting a solid rod made of ferromagnetic material into the spiral, which ends in length with the spiral(s) or is moved as required. For example, a triple coaxial spiral without a solid rod in its core achieved a value of 78 times the density of the earth's magnetic field, and with such a solid rod a value of 88 times the density, based on the axial extension of the rod diameter beyond the length of the spiral.

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One way of concentrating the field lines bundled within a spiral according to the invention on a spatially even more limited cross-section was found in the experiments by forming the ferromagnetic, wire-like material into a snail-shell-shaped, conically tapering spiral. For this purpose, a conical spiral with an initial diameter of approx. 130 mm, which continuously reduced to zero, was formed from an iron wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm. The distance between the turns was approx. 25 mm.

This conical spiral was placed on the end of spiral 02, which had a compression value of 20 to 22 times the value of the earth's magnetic field. By placing the conical spiral on spiral 02, a compression value of 50 to 52 times the earth's magnetic field strength was obtained at the closed end of the conical spiral, which ended as a stretched wire, based on the axial extension of the wire diameter of 2.0 mm, i.e. based on a field of only 2.0 mm diameter.

Tests with multi-turn spirals, whose winding distance (or pitch) automatically increases due to the multiple turns, did not show any improvement in the bundling or compaction results.

A slight increase in the compaction results was achieved by unequal winding spacing, specifically by keeping the wire windings closer together at the ends of the spiral and pulling them further apart towards the center of the spiral.

The compression effect could be increased significantly by attaching antenna-like pieces of wire made of ferromagnetic material, placed on the wire forming the winding and pointing radially outwards from the spiral. It has proven advantageous to distribute these "antennas" evenly over the circumference of the spirals and to spread out or at least bend their tips. The tips can of course also be made in any other known way.

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These "antennas" can have the same or different lengths. The highest field line compression values were achieved with "antennas" that extended towards the center of the spiral (half the length of the spiral).

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Drawings and legends
The figures mean:

Figure 1 shows a spiral (1) according to the invention with the spiral length (SL); the compressed secondary magnetic field (2) which winds and compresses in a spiral shape in the spiral direction, divided into the lengths (L) equal to the spiral length (SL), (0.75L) corresponding to three quarters of (L), (0.5L) corresponding to half of (L) and (0.25L) corresponding to a quarter of (L), as well as the primary magnetic field (3), which can be, for example, the earth's magnetic field.

Figure 2 shows a spiral (4) according to the invention with explanations for the essential dimensions of spiral length (SL), spiral diameter (D), wire diameter (d) and winding spacing (WA).

Figure 3 shows a spiral (1) according to the invention with the spiral length (SL) and the equally long section of the compressed secondary magnetic field (L), the partial lengths of the secondary magnetic field (0.25L) for 1 quarter, (0.5L) for half and (0.75L) for three quarters of the total length (L); the compression zone (V) of the secondary magnetic field with its diameters (dO) at the spiral end, (dl) at the length (0.25L), (d2) at the length (0.5L) (d3) at the length (0.75L) and (d4) at the length (L) of the secondary magnetic field; finally the position of the measuring points for measuring the magnetic field compression related to the value of the primary magnetic field (PO) ₃ (Pl),P2),(P3)and(P4).

Figure 4 shows the exemplary combination of two coaxially arranged spirals according to the invention of different spiral diameters, consisting of an outer spiral (5) and an inner spiral (6).

Figure 5 shows the exemplary arrangement of two axially superimposed combinations of axially nested

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outer spirals (5) and inner spirals (6) according to the invention, as well as a support plate located therebetween for receiving test specimens (7).

Figure 6 shows the exemplary combination of coaxially arranged outer spiral (5), inner spiral (6) and inserted core rod made of solid ferromagnetic material (8).

Figure! shows the variant according to the invention of the ferromagnetic, wire-like material formed into a conical spiral (9) with an axially straight spiral end (10).

Figure 8 shows an exemplary combination consisting of a conical spiral (9) according to the invention, axially placed on a spiral (11), which concentrates the secondary magnetic field condensed in the spiral (11) towards the spiral end of the conical spiral (10) largely on the wire diameter (d) of the conical spiral (9).

Figure 9 shows an exemplary arrangement of two spirals according to the invention

(12) and (13) with the resulting, adjacent, condensed secondary magnetic fields (14) as an example of how these condensed magnetic fields can be formed outside the spirals.

Figure 10 shows a spiral (15) according to the invention formed from two adjacent, touching wires made of ferromagnetic material with the respective wire diameter (d).

Figure 11 shows a spiral (16) according to the invention with antenna-like

Wire pieces made of ferromagnetic material (17) with straight tips (18), spread tips (19) and bent tips (20). 30

Claims (15)

1. Device for bundling field lines of a primary magnetic field running in a non-ferromagnetic material or in a vacuum to form a secondary magnetic field of increased field line density with spiral-shaped field lines, the compression of which is almost completely maintained within the device and in the axial extension of which at one or both ends in an environment of non-ferromagnetic material or vacuum over a length of at least a quarter of the length of the device, characterized in that it consists of a spiral of wire-shaped ferromagnetic material accommodated within the primary magnetic field and open at one or both ends with non-touching spiral turns. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral is cylindrically shaped. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral is conically shaped. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral has a cylindrical part and a conical part or two conical parts. 5. Device according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the conical part or the conical parts of the spiral narrow or widen towards the end of the spiral. 6. Device according to claims 1 and 3 to 5, characterized in that the conical spiral or the conical spiral part ends at the narrowing end with the axially stretched wire-like material. 7. Device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ratio between the cross-sectional area of the wire-shaped material and the winding spacing is at least 1:0.25 and preferably between 1:2 and 1:10. 8. Device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pitch between the turns is smaller at the spiral ends and becomes larger towards the spiral center. 9. Device according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cross section of the ferromagnetic wire-shaped material can be round, rectangular or otherwise shaped. 10. Device according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that several spirals of different spiral diameters are arranged coaxially one inside the other. 11. Device according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that several spirals of different spiral diameters are arranged axially with offset axes one inside the other. 12. Device according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a rod made of ferromagnetic material is introduced into the interior of the spiral axially parallel or coaxially in such a way that it does not touch the spiral windings. 13. Device according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that antenna-shaped, radially projecting wire pieces are applied to the wire-shaped material forming the spiral turns on the outside of the spiral. 14. Device according to claims 1 and 13, characterized in that the length of the antenna-shaped, radially projecting wire pieces increases from the spiral ends towards the spiral center 15. Device according to claims 1, 12 and 13, characterized in that the free ends of the antenna-shaped, radially projecting wire pieces are cut straight or spread out or angled in any desired shape.