DE2852173C1 - Propellants for non-brass ammunition for practice and process for its preparation - Google Patents

Description

The invention is concerned with a propellant body of the Preamble of claim 1 specified type.

Shellless ammunition is available in numerous for light-weight guns Embodiments known. Under light guns are Handgun and / or machine guns up to a caliber of about 35 mm, in particular infantry weapons. The caseless Ammunition is intended for the sharp shot. For example in GB-PS 14 50 391 this is a separate from the projectile executed propellant body described that a pot-shaped Propellant compact has on the bottom of the pot cavity side the ignition charge is arranged and the one as abutment for the priming charge further anvil-like propellant Preßling covers, wherein the two compacts preferably by Gluing are connected together. It may optionally one or more cheering charges between the two Preßlingen be provided. This propellant body is as cylindrical shaped body with the same trained front and Rear end face designed so that the outside of the ignition rear end is indistinguishable from the other end. Around by incorrect insertion of this propellant body in the Cartridge chamber of the weapon conditional to preclude malfunction, is further provided according to GB-PS 14 50 391, the propellant body in the area of its two ends, each with a primer and to provide it with respect to its central cross-sectional plane Symmetric perform so that the propellant body not more oriented to be inserted into the cartridge chamber of the weapon got to. As a disadvantage, however, z. B. be accepted that because of the two non - simultaneous ignitions of the Pressure increase may be uneven, which is undesirable inside ballistic is.  

For conventional ammunition provided with a cartridge case Exercise ammunition is known for maneuvering and training purposes. The Maneuver ammunition has a projectile replica of z. B. plastic on, which bursts at the shot in the area of its front end, so that the propellant gases flow out of the gun barrel, without that splinters occur in front of the mouth. With this bullet-free Maneuver ammunition is the full weapon function even with automatic Weapons, if necessary with an attachment, reachable.

The training ammunition has one against the sharp shot shortened maximum shooting distance, which when using a Light bullet usually about one-tenth of the maximum shooting range the sharp ammunition amounts. At short distances will be there achieved the same precision as the sharp shot, d. H. you receives the same hit picture but with a different hit point location. The range at least approximately the same precision is called Practice area used. The lightweight project exists in particular made of plastic and can be inserted into a metal sleeve or be made in one piece with a plastic sleeve from which it separates during shooting at the mouth of the case. For this exercise ammo is it weapon side necessary, with a designed lock with use reduced weight, since the recoil pulse too low is to achieve the normal shutter full weapon function. The weapon is therefore in accordance with their ammunition to change internal ballistic behavior.

It is also known a training ammunition, instead of a lightweight projectile a short course projectile is used, the a still releasable in the arm barrel through central axial Recess and one opposite the bullet of the sharp ammunition increased air resistance, resulting in a corresponding reduction the maximum shooting distance result. In general this is about one third of that of the sharp shot. Since the mass of the short-course projectile is larger than that of the lightweight projectile is, the exercise area is correspondingly larger.

The invention is based on the object, a caseless To create ammunition for practice and in particular their propellant body in such a way that its implementation and above all, its ignition are as favorable as possible, but at the same time its handling and reliability at least maintained, but preferably still increased shall be.

Starting from a propellant body in the preamble of Claim 1 specified type, this object is achieved according to the invention by an embodiment according to the characterizing part of claim 1 solved. The inventive axial projection at the front end the propellant body advantageously allows itself then an oriented insertion of the propellant body into the cartridge chamber of the weapon or in its magazine, when the ignition-side end of the propellant body from the outside is not recognizable. But even if this on the finished blowing agent body should be recognizable, allows the front projection of the propellant body a particularly fast, simple and yet unambiguous recognition of the front Treibmittelkörperendes and thus with respect to the Zündauslösung correct fast insertion of the propellant body into the weapon even under very difficult conditions. For this purpose z. B. at Ammunition for infantry weapons an axial minimum height of Projection of about 1.5 to 2 mm completely. The maximum cross section of the projection is preferably the same or slightly smaller as that of the bullet of the associated sharp caseless ones Ammunition. This makes it possible in an advantageous manner, the Propellant body with only a single on its rear side Provide end-of-kind ignition system and yet one to achieve safe function. Apart from a simplification The production will also improve the implementation of the propellant body in particular achieved by the fact that for each ignition system required, the ignition itself deteriorating residue incinerable anvil for the initial charge only once is required. Also a lateral arrangement of the ignition system in the propellant body is possible.

The axial projection can for example by means of a  Blowing agent pressed cylindrical shaped body formed which instead of the bullet of the sharp ammunition in the Be used blowing agent body, in particular glued and slightly protrudes beyond the front end. The molded body is composed and / or has such a form that he is deconstructed sufficiently quickly during the shot, and is implemented, so that no unburned particles of the molding from the Weapon barrel emerge forward. The same is true for the case of Maneuver ammunition required Vorrohrsicherheit course also for the actual propellant body, with the decomposition charge and the initial set to vote so that even without bullet template a full implementation in the weapon is achieved from this so no unburned particles at the muzzle escape. An acceleration of the implementation can z. B. by means a faster, sharper ignition, a stronger one Zerlegungsladung or a lighter at the shot or in smaller particles disintegrating blowing agent body can be achieved. With regard to the required rapid implementation is the Protrusion forming molding preferably as a relatively thin-walled Hood, cap, cup od. Like. Formed, the or with arranged its open end within the propellant body and glued to it.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is according to claim 2 instead, a one-piece design of projection and Propellant body provided by the latter with a corresponding Forming provided on its front face is. The shape is preferred in its front area again with respect to the other areas of the propellant body executed reduced wall thickness, so that one bonnet, cap-like od. Like. Approach receives, the shot can be dismantled into rapidly converting particles. This is in Connection with a corresponding shaping method for the propellant body a particularly simple and reliable Production possible.

Depending on the circumstances of each weapon and the inside ballistic Behavior of the propellant body can be difficult  prepare, in the absence of bullet template, the full automatic To achieve weapon function. Even in such cases without weapon accessory the full weapon function too reach, according to claim 3, the projection by means of a special ammunition component is formed, which is faster reacted as the propellant of the propellant body. The Ammunition component can z. B. from a propellant higher Burning rate than that of the propellant body, z. B. from very porous nitrocellulose powder. The faster Implementation is achieved here by the larger burnup surface. However, preference is given instead to the faster implementation by Use of substances with higher reaction speed in particular igniters. The ammunition component has therefore preferably the same or a similar composition as the decomposition charge, which will be explained in more detail below. This fast burning extra ammunition component has prefers a more or less cylindrical shape but can also have a different shape in which they on the one hand firmly with the blowing agent body is connected and on the other hand, the required Projection at the front end of the propellant body forms. You can z. B. by pressing, extruding od. Like. Prepared become. Their density and firmness are set that they handle when handling, transport and especially during Feeding into the weapon occurring mechanical stresses Perfectly withstand, at the shot but sufficiently fast in Particles of the desired size can be dismantled, so that their fast implementation still guaranteed within the weapon barrel is. To a quick ignition of the ammunition component too errreichen, is preferably a direct transmission of the ignition pulse provided by the decomposition charge on the ammunition component. If the decomposition charge also as condensed Shaped body is formed to od between them a continuous axial transmission channel, space od. Like. In the propellant body provided by its free cross section the ignition flame emanating from the decomposition charge passes through it spread forward and directly on the ammunition component can act. In the case of a loose disassembly charge is their direct contact with the ammunition component advantageous.  

According to another proposal specified in claim 4 of the Invention is the projection by means of a light projectile trained exercise bullet realized with his front end slightly protrudes from the propellant body. Made of a lightweight material with easier malleability as the bullet of sharp caseless ammunition, in particular Made of plastic, manufactured practice bullet has in comparison to the above projectile excess. This will be at the passage the training projectile through the barrel an increased resistance to crushing achieved, the internal ballistics in an advantageous manner so influenced that, in contrast to the known Light bullets made of plastic in case ammunition no Special closure with reduced mass to reach the full Weapon function is required. The inventive, in the Previous plastic bullets unknown oversize - related on the normal caliber measure of the bullet of the associated sharp ammunition - is in the individual case according to the respective Define deformability of the training projectile. It's like this To choose larger, the easier the training projectile is deformable. The deformability may be in the material of the training projectile and / or its shape, for example, special deformation grooves, be justified. The oversize according to the invention becomes particular applied at plastic training floors, but can also be similar easily deformable practice bullets made of other materials, For example, very soft metal alloys, are applied. By increasing the push-through resistance is at this Training ammunition also the implementation of the propellant body additionally improved. The head shape of these practice bullets lies in the normal caliber range, so that despite the caliber excess in his more or less cylindrical part the impeccable Feeding this bullet into the transition from the chamber to the gun barrel is possible. This is more advantageous Way with this practice floor at least almost the same Interior ballistics as in the correspondingly sharp caseless Ammunition available, so that for the practice shooting changes on the weapon are no longer necessary.

If longer exercise distances are required or permitted,  can also be trained as a training ammunition a trained according to claim 5 caseless ammunition are used, wherein the propellant body z. B. with a known short-track projectile or a so-called stump projectile with vertical front end face is provided, in which the unused flowing off propellant gas, their mass and / or their air resistance so matched are that the maximum allowable shooting distance at this Exercise ammunition is not exceeded. Also here is no special lock for the weapon during practice shooting required.

From GB-PS 14 50 391 is still a propellant body for sharp caseless ammunition known as cup-shaped propellant Preßling is formed, in the front open axial cylindrical recess a primer, a hard-pressed Kindling charge and a projectile with his tail used are. The forward on the bullet rear supporting Anfeuerungsladung fills the majority of the recess of the propellant body and expediently consists of a Powder type with different burning properties than the blowing agent body, to meet the internal ballistic requirements of each To adapt to individual cases. The cheek charge causes the Shot in the sense of a dismantling charge the fragmentation of the Propellant body and the ignition of the particles thus obtained the propellant. For this decomposition effect must be the Anfeuerungsladung have a comparatively large mass.

The shock-sensitive primer, compared to the Anfeuerungsladung a relatively small size, is due to their rear end face directly on and relies on this in front. The Anfeuerungsladung serves so here as well Abutment for the primer and is accordingly hard pressed. This strong for the anvil function required Compression is unsatisfactory with respect to the decomposition effect, as a result, the lighting of the relatively large Anfeuerungsladung and their implementation and effectiveness are delayed, which in turn the overall implementation of the propellant body is slowed down.  

To the implementation of the propellant body for practice ammunition in addition to improve, in particular, its ignition too promote, while at the same time its handling and At least maintain functional reliability, but preferably To increase, according to the invention is an education accordingly Claim 6 is provided. The separate invention Anvil body is highly compressed, so that he is a sufficiently rigid Abutment for the primer forms. He is especially through Made pressing, but can z. B. also by pouring in highly compressed form. The anvil body is in in any case condensed with such a high force and thereby made with such a surface hardness that taking into account the influence of the ignition charge, the firing pin shape, Firing pin power, etc. for each Weapon required Zündempfindlichkeit is achieved. In the In practice, this usually means that the powdery, fibrous, fine-grained od. Like. Fabric or a corresponding mixture the anvil body must be compressed as high as the due to the relatively small dimensions of the anvil body accordingly small cross-sections of the pressing tool or a other shaping device and their consequent strength allow at all. The compaction or pressing force of Anvil body corresponds as preferred with the respective Forming device exercisable maximum shaping force.

Unlike the anvil body, the disassembly charge is allfalla compacted with a very small force to z. Legs accommodate larger amount in a space of predetermined size can. Accordingly low is then the surface hardness the Zerlegungsladung compared to the anvil body, so that They their desired decomposition and implementation at the shot one advantageous low resistance opposes. The eventual However, compression of the decomposition charge is still the case strong, that the resulting molded body for further processing is perfectly manageable. In this case, the decomposition charge, um their ignition and disassembly, in a special way be shaped so that they have a larger Anzündoberfläche and / or having defined breaking zones. For example, she can  for this purpose on their one or on both faces with a central axial blind-hole-like, preferably conical, Recess and / or on its lateral surface with evenly over the circumference distributed axial channels, grooves od. Like. Provided his.

The separate anvil body according to the invention, in particular a has much greater surface hardness than the decomposition charge, but usually also a higher compressive strength than has these is preferably as small as possible. His minimal Size is determined by its manufacturing, laboratory, function etc. In general, its volume is smaller than half Volume of the decomposition charge. In particular, its volume is between about 0.1 to 0.3 times the volume of the decomposition charge. In general, the mass of the anvil body is also smaller than that of the decomposition charge. Preferably it is between about 20 and 50% of the mass of the decomposition charge.

The preferably executed as a compact anvil body is appropriate from its two opposite faces compacted simultaneously or successively, so that he practically the same surface hardness on both faces having. It is therefore irrelevant which of its two faces turned to the primer, so that even when not oriented insertion into the propellant body no increased Scattering in terms of ignitability sensitivity occur. The homogeneous combustible anvil body is due to its in the Compared to the decomposition charge very high surface hardness advantageous abutment for the primer, wherein the Influence of itself by the strong compression of the anvil body conditional delayed implementation of the same by its small Volume can be kept so low that it by a corresponding more favorable implementation of the decomposition charge easily is overcompensated, so overall the desired improved Ignition and implementation of the propellant body is achieved. The more favorable implementation of the decomposition charge is thereby possible that she no longer has an anvil function and she accordingly  is optimally executable in terms of their decomposition function.

The material composition of the anvil body depends on the respective internal ballistic requirements. So he can z. B. as the propellant body of a propellant charge powder getting produced. In an expedient embodiment of the invention However, instead, it is provided according to claim 7 and thus perform as an additional booster. Through a such anbobo boosters will provide additional funding Ignition and implementation achieved. The anvil booster is preferable exactly the same composition as the decomposition charge, but may also be composed differently provided so that the ignition in its effect on the Dismantling charge is amplified.

After another specified in claim 8 proposal of Invention is the anvil body downstream decomposition charge in the loose, d. H. poured state within the propellant body in front. This will cause a particularly quick ignition and implementation of the decomposition charge achieved, which at the same Effect on the propellant body a reduction in mass the disassembly charge allows.

The anvil body may abut directly on the disassembly charge and lean forward at this. In addition to or instead of this support the anvil body can also over his Jacket surface connected by gluing with the propellant body and thereby be fixed in this. Especially with a However, loose training charge proves the training Claim 9 as advantageous. The heel of the propellant body is preferred as an annular, at least approximately radial Shoulder trained. If the decomposition charge as a compact is present, it can then be arranged at a distance from the anvil body be, both with each other via an axial ignition channel connected by means of the paragraph in the propellant body is trained. This makes it possible to disassemble the charge independent of the anvil body so spatially in the propellant body to arrange that its optimal fragmentation and ignition is reached.  

The specified in claims 6 to 9 training of anvil body and disassembly charge becomes advantageous at a corresponding formed sleeveless the preceding claims Exercise ammunition applied, but is not in their application limited to this, but can also with caseless ammunition about exercise in other embodiments find application.

The pressed cylindrical, cuboid od. Like. Propellant body can z. B. split, d. H. composed of two parts and be connected by gluing, wherein the Connecting surface more or less transverse to the longitudinal axis of the Propellant body extends. According to another in claim 10 However, the proposed proposal of the invention is instead a Longitudinal division of the propellant body provided so that the sections are formed as shells. Preferably, the two have Shells of the same shape and dimensions, d. H. they are as Half shells formed, thereby producing the cuts and their assembly to the propellant body advantageous simplified. The connecting surface of the shells is preferably just, but z. B. also have a stepped shoulder, to a mutual stop fixation of the two shells in To obtain longitudinal direction. These cuts are according to the invention pressed in such a way that they are at least substantially be compressed perpendicular to its longitudinal extent. As found was, have the so-pressed bowls or half-shells a particularly uniform density. This makes it more advantageous Possible, with at least the same handling and functional safety to reduce their maximum compaction, whereby the desired fragmentation of the propellant body in Shot and the ignition of the propellant and thus turn the Implementation of the blowing agent body can be improved overall.

For a propellant body with more or less rectangular Cross-section can increase the uniformity of the compaction of the shells be further increased if the propellant body as in Claim 11 is divided, wherein the shells then at least approximately perpendicular to the narrow sides of the propellant body be compacted. The structure of the propellant body from shells, in particular identical half-shells, is  particularly advantageous in conjunction with the preceding claims, but can also be provided independently of these, if this proves to be appropriate in a particular case.

The propellant body or its parts are after the Pressing and removing from the mold in different Operations to complete caseless ammunition further processed. After demolding they stretch in the course of Time again slight. They are therefore usually and also because of the mechanical stresses during further processing more compacted than it is in itself would be required for the finished ammunition. But this will be the case Shot the fragmentation and ignitability of the blowing agent body adversely affected. The invention is therefore further provided, the blowing agent body or its parts after the Removal from the press tool and before the further treatment according to Claim 12 to undergo an additional shape stabilization. For this purpose, the propellant compacts are as immediately as possible after the demolding, for example by spraying with a very thin layer of a primer provided after drying their surface fiber, powdery, granular od. Like. Particles of the propellant at least selectively connects with each other in such a way that one hard at least net-like cladding that receives the pressed propellant firmly encloses and stabilizes it in its form. The Particles can z. B. be joined together by gluing. Preferably, however, a primer is used, the one Swelling or dissolving the superficial propellant particles causes, so that adjacent particles after the Drying crosslinked with each other, d. H. at least essentially are connected without additional intermediate layer. For example can for a propellant nitrocellulose for this purpose a strong acetone-containing primer can be used.

Such a shape stabilization are preferably also the axial projection of the blowing agent body forming separate moldings or ammunition components of the maneuver ammunition, To this after their removal from the mold as possible largely in shape and dimensions to stabilize.  

For sharp caseless ammunition is the reliable holder of the projectile in the propellant body for the handling and Functional safety of very great importance. The projectile attachment The lower the bullet with his Heck is embedded in the propellant body. But that will the fragmentation and ignition of the propellant body disadvantageous influenced, since the effect of the behind the bullet tail arranged disassembly charge on the front area of the Propellant body is the lower, the farther of this Hatchback is removed. Even with caseless maneuvers or Training ammunition can be the holder of the bullet instead the sharp caseless ammunition provided separate Components such. B. an ammunition component or a metallic Short course projectile difficulties, provided the Fire speed of each automatic weapon only is so high that the consequent increase in the acceleration forces the reduction by the smaller mass of the Balances or exceeds components. It is therefore also at caseless practice ammunition with a separate sticking Component, in particular a practice projectile, advantageous for improved implementation of the propellant body in at least same handling and functional safety according to claim 13 to provide a pretreatment of the propellant body. This will be the propellant body or its parts at least in the with the projectile to be bonded surface area with a thin layer of a primer, which deals with the propellant particles more intimately bonds than the actual glue for the component mounting. In particular, connecting intimately means that the primer is more soothing and thereby more cross-linking acts on the propellant particles than the Glue. It contains in contrast to Adhesive acting as a solvent component or a higher proportion of it than the glue. With a propellant on Nitrocellulose based z. As an alcohol-ether mixture as Solvent component can be used. The example by Apply to the inside of the propellant body or its portions applied and then dried Adhesive allows advantageously a  Connection between propellant body and metallic training projectile, separate ammunition component od. Like., With a lot higher strength than when using an adhesive alone, even if applied twice with intermediate drying becomes.

Another improvement of the attachment of a metallic Exercise projectile can by means of specified in claim 14 Be achieved method according to the practice floor immediately after his cleaning and degreasing at least in his with the propellant body to be bonded area with a coating is provided to the pasted metallic surface the in practice in the further processing not completely excluded to protect small impurities. For the Coating is preferably the same mixture as for the Adhesive taken, due to its solvent content has a lower viscosity than the adhesive. The practice floor is z. B. provided by dipping with this coating, the then preferably only in air, d. H. at ambient temperature is dried, so that one still a relatively elastic dried layer receives. As it turned out affect the greatest care during the Processing not always avoidable low pollution this coating the strength of the adhesive bond practically not.

The propellant body, after being mixed with the optionally instead of the bullet of the ammunition provided, the central projection at the front end of the propellant body forming separate component has been provided in further Procedural steps with the ignition system and the decomposition charge provided that the latter is not already in the Propellant body has been arranged. The from blowing agent body and optionally separate component and decomposition charge educated elementary is before its completion for the finished practice cartridge preferably still a mechanical Reworking z. B. subjected by milling to them with a defined recess for the ignition system and defined to provide outer contact surfaces. To the stresses at  can withstand these steps, the propellant body be pressed harder. This will - as already mentioned - again the feasibility of the propellant body impaired. Therefore, according to the invention instead provided according to claim 15, the basic cartridge of a special To undergo surface hardening and hardening by Propellant body with one of its surface particles treated hardener is treated. The treatment For example, by dipping the propellant body in take a corresponding bath. Preference is given to Hardener used, which dissolves the surface particles or swells and networks with each other. In particular, used is the same mixture as for the adhesion preceding Pretreatment of the propellant body or its parts. With receives this additional surface hardening and solidification even with internally less compressed propellant bodies Basic cartridges, on the one hand perfect reprocessable are, on the other hand, at the shot but also impeccable implement.

For the proper implementation of the propellant body is furthermore a possible defined ignition of importance, which in turn depends on the uniformity of the compression of the Primary charge is dependent, directly in a as ignition acting recess of the propellant body is pressed. To the compressibility of the initial charge and thus the defined Implementation of the propellant body to improve, is according to claim 16 provided during the mechanical reworking of the cylindrical Wall of the ignition bell between the individual Surface particles remaining extremely small spaces, or the like by means of the removed material of the To fill up the blowing agent body, that is to lubricate it so to speak. This gives a completely smooth wall of the Ignition bell, which an extremely uniform compression of Ignition rate in the ignition allows. For further improvement the ignition, d. H. to reduce scatter the ignition sensitivity is provided according to claim 17, the in the propellant body used separate anvil body over its cylindrical surface fixed to the propellant body  connect to. The connection is again preferred here by means of a crosslinking flowable, spreadable od. Like. Substance, in particular with that for the pretreatment of the propellant body or its parts used primer.

Improve the above surface treatments all the implementation of the propellant body of the caseless Ammunition for practice purposes with at least constant handling and functional safety and are with particular advantage in addition to the previous embodiments according to the invention provided according to claims 1 to 11. But you can also be carried out independently, provided that in the Individual case should prove advantageous.

In the case of bonding the blowing agent body, the separate Ammunition component, practice bullet, etc. used glue it is preferably a mixture based on Butanol, toluene, butyl acetate and collodion wool. For propellant bodies nitrocellulose has become an adhesive of the especially proven in the following composition:

butanol 25 to 50 parts by weight toluene 25 to 50 parts by weight butyl 20 to 40 parts by weight Collodion wool (CP II) 5 to 20 parts by weight

That for the pretreatment of the propellant body, the separate Ammunition component, etc. and preferably for the Hardening the base cartridge and fixing the anvil body used in the propellant body mixture differs from the Adhesive essentially by a lower content Binders such as collodion wool and an addition of a solvent component such as Eg ether. It therefore has a lower one hand Viscosity than the glue on, so that it in lesser Thickness is applicable, and on the other hand acts on the surface particles crosslinking the blowing agent body. For propellant bodies on z. B. nitrocellulose contains this primer, hardener, etc. in contrast to the adhesive, preferably only 1 to 10 parts by weight  Collodion wool (CP II) and additionally 20 to 60 parts by weight of ether.

The for the first surface treatment - the form stabilization the propellant body or its parts, the separate Ammunition component, etc. after demolding - used Primer differs from the bonding agent by an even greater solvent content, so that they are still in Applicable less thick, especially also very good sprayable is, and even more cross-linking effect. For propellant bodies on z. B. nitrocellulose has an addition of up to proven about 500 parts by weight of acetone.

To protect against environmental influences such as moisture or dirt, but also to improve cook-off behavior Finally, the finished-labulated propellant bodies will still be in a known manner in a final coat with a coating z. B. thermoplastic materials, so that the blowing agent body all sides with a dense solid, residue-free implementing protective layer are provided. For example, can For this purpose, a paint based on methylene chloride, toluene, Butyl acrylate and methacrylate can be used. Has proven itself a composition

methylene chloride 60 to 100 parts by weight Tolul 20 to 40 parts by weight butyl acrylate 5 to 20 parts by weight methacrylate 5 to 30 parts by weight.

When produced from other propellants propellant bodies if appropriate, these mixtures are analogously both in their components as well as in the mixing ratio vote. They are sprayed in a known manner by spraying, Dipping, spreading od. Like. Applied and then dried. The application and drying may possibly be two or more times depending on the im Individual case required amount to be applied. The drying is preferably carried out first at ambient temperature and only finally at elevated temperature of about 30 to 70 ° C in  a corresponding drying device. Drying at elevated temperature quickly results in a relatively hard surface, causing the evaporation of any remaining volatile Components slows down.

The propellant body of the caseless ammunition for practice purposes is a compact propellant consisting of mono- or polybasic propellants, for example, nitrocellulose-based, or on the Basis of high temperature resistant propellants like octogen, Hexogen, Tacot or the like pressed. The cross section can be round, oval, square, rectangular od. Like. Be, with more or more corners can be less rounded. The propellants can a their digestibility and / or cohesion Have shape, the individual propellant so z. B. with outstanding edges or tips are formed, as in DE-PS 20 38 288 indicated. To influence the mechanical Strength, the burning behavior, etc., the blowing agent in known before pressing binders such as polyurethanes, Polystyrenes, silicone resins, methacrylates, polybutyrals or the like be added. The proportion of binder, which is also may be a mixture of different substances is usually less than 20% by weight.

The decomposition charge arranged in the propellant body is said to be this when shot fragment and the fragmented Treibmittelteilchen set fire. The decomposition charge contains igniter with a high reaction rate in relation to that as well contained powder and / or secondary explosive. The amount of Ignition substance is dependent on the required reaction rate in the implementation of the decomposition charge and the Treibmittelkörpers to the internal ballistic requirements of the to meet each individual case. As a rule, the igniter substance fraction the heavier the heavier the propellant for the reaction to bring is. As a high temperature resistant blowing agent body heavier than such on z. B. nitrocellulose is flammable, he requires under otherwise same conditions also a more powerful decomposition charge a larger amount of igniter. Preferably contains the Decomposition charge 10 to 60% by weight of igniter.  

Suitable igniters are z. B. Bleitrinitroresorcinat, Bleitrinitrophloroglucinat, Diazodinitrophenol, lead acid, lead or Copper picrate (metal salts of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol).

In addition to the igniter, the decomposition charge contains as essential Component still powder and / or secondary explosives. When Powders can be the known mono- or polybasic propellants be used. Preference is given in addition to this powder or instead of using secondary explosives. Especially are suitable for. Triaminoguanidine nitrate, hexanitrodiphenyl ether, Hexanitrodiphenylamine, hexanitrooxanilide, hexanitrostilbene, Tetrazole derivatives such as diaminoguanidiniumazotetrazole or Polynitro bodies such as Hexogen, Octogen, Tacot or TNT. Further Examples of Zerlegungsladungen are in DE-OS 25 43 971 specified.

The decomposition charge is preferably in the loose, d. H. powdered, fibrous, fine-grained od. Like. State used, but it can also be used as a compact with preferably cylindrical Form are used, wherein still - as stated above - special measures to increase their surface to be ignited or their disassembly. The Disassembly charge is easier in any case in particles dismantled as the anvil body. Here are also preferred here for adjusting the strength, the reaction sequence, etc. Binder - as in the propellant bodies - added. you In general, the proportion is less than 10% by weight. Provided between the decomposition charge and the anvil body an ignition channel is formed in the propellant body, can at loose Zerlegungsladung their main mass or in pressed decomposition charge the entire mass at such a distance from the anvil body and thus be arranged centrally in the propellant body, that this is optimally fragmented and lit. The decomposition charge can be on the practice floor, the separate ammunition component od. Like. bear or of these by a propellant web be separated. A pressed decomposition charge can also under Leave a cavity at a distance from this to be arranged. The mass of the decomposition charge is preferably between  about 2 and 10% of the mass of the propellant body.

The particular ammunition component according to the invention has a higher burning rate than the blowing agent body and has preferably a same or similar composition as the Disassembly charge, so u. a. a igniting substance. The Ammunition component is made of a powdery, fibrous, fine-grained od. Like. Substance or mixture preferably by pressing made and protrudes at the front end of the propellant body as axial projection slightly out of this. If one higher mechanical load capacity should be required, the Ammunition component, if necessary, stronger than the Discharge charge be compacted, since they are still at the Passage through the arms race, for their implementation So a longer time span is available than for the Implementation of the disassembly charge, which in terms of optimal Fragmentation and ignition of the propellant body as possible must be done briefly. The mass of the ammunition component lies preferably of the same order of magnitude as that of the decomposition charge.

The anvil body according to the invention is made of a powdered, fibrous, fine-grained od. Like. Substance that densifies so high is that they serve as an abutment to ignite the ignition charge is suitable, but then immediately after the ignition without residue. The ignition of the initial charge takes place generally by impact ignition, but it is also a firing or a combination of both possible. The anvil body becomes under mechanical impact and / or puncture and the pressure of the ignition charge decomposed and his particles ignited by the ignition flame, which in turn then again initiate the implementation of the decomposition charge and to some extent also a direct fragmentation and ignition of the Cause blowing agent body.

While the propellant body sought a gas-rich implementation is at the disassembly charge or the anvil body a quick implementation more important than a gas-rich one  sufficiently strong pressure surge for the fragmentation of the To obtain propellant body. The preferred as high density Preßkörper executed anvil body therefore preferably has a same or similar, a booster effect generating composition like the decomposition charge. If in individual cases required inside ballistics but also without this additional Booster effect can be achieved by means of the anvil body, the Anvil body z. B. also as well as the blowing agent body composed However, he also compared to the propellant body is highly compressed to those required for its function to get very high surface hardness. Independent of Composition of the anvil body is preferably its mass smaller than that of the decomposition charge, while its density and Surface hardness greater than that of the decomposition charge.

For the initial charge, the usual for conventional infantry ammunition used mixtures used. Preferably used become the well-known Sinoxid ignition charges, which essentially of leadrinitroresorcinate and minor additions of tetracene in addition to barium nitrate, sulfur antimony and. a. consist. The minimal or maximum amount to be used of the initial charge results according to the usual criteria. At infantry weapons For example, the amount of primer is preferably between about 15 and 40 mg.

The invention is in the drawing in embodiments and will be explained in more detail below with reference to these. It shows in different magnified representation

Fig. 1 is a ready-to-maneuver cartridge in longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 is a basic cartridge in longitudinal section;

Fig. 3a-d a variant of a blank cartridge,

Fig. 4-6b further variants of maneuver cartridges and

Fig. 7-11 different variants of training cartridges in longitudinal section.

The propellant body 1 shown in FIG. 1 is selected from optionally coated with a binder-free propellant, such. B. in T-shape according to DE-PS 20 38 288, produced by compaction. The blowing agent may be, for. Example, a nitrocellulose powder or a high temperature resistant propellant based on octogen. In order to obtain a propellant body 1 of homogeneous density, it is composed of two congruent sections 1 ', 1'' whose connecting surface 2 extends in the longitudinal direction of the propellant body 1 with a substantially rectangular cross-section and perpendicular to its broad sides 3 , as Figs. 3b and 3c show. The two sections 1 ', 1'' are formed as identical shell body, ie as half-shells, which are firmly bonded together in the connecting surface 2 . The sections 1 ', 1'' are provided at their front end 4 with the hood-shaped formation 5 , which together form the central axial projection 6 which is made in one piece with the blowing agent body 1 . The outer surface 7 of the projection 6 is designed as a conical surface, but could also od a spherical surface. Like. Be.

The interior 8 of the propellant body 1 is filled with the decomposition charge 9 , which is present here as a loose poured charge. The propellant body 1 is further provided with the emanating from its rear end face 10 central axial cylindrical recess 11 , the ignition bell, which is delimited forward by the annular shoulder 12 , which in turn limits the receiving space 8 of the decomposition charge 9 to the rear. The ignition bell 11 and the receiving space 8 are connected to each other via the continuous central axial ignition channel 13 . Inserted into the ignition bell 11 is the highly compressed anvil body 14 , which is supported on the shoulder 12 to the front and is fixedly connected via its lateral surface 15 with the wall 16 of the ignition bell 11 by means of an adhesive, not shown. The anvil body 14 is formed as a cylindrical shaped body very high surface hardness with slightly outwardly curved end faces. Preferably, the anvil body 14 is designed as an additional booster and has the same composition as the decomposition charge. 9 Pressed onto the anvil body 14 is the impact-sensitive and / or friction-sensitive ignition charge 17 , which is supported radially outward on the non-porous, smooth wall 16 of the ignition bell 11 . The ignition bell 11 is to the rear by means of the voltage applied to the primer 17 cover 18 , z. As a tin-plated lead foil completed. The propellant body 1 is finally including the cover 18 with the dash-dotted lines indicated outer coating 19 , in particular for protection against environmental influences provided.

The half-shells 1 ', 1'' are as far as possible surface-prepared as soon as possible after pressing in order to achieve the required shape and handling stability. For this they are after removal from the mold by dipping, spraying od. Like. Treated on all sides with the aforementioned primer. It is dried in air at ambient temperature, preferably in a time of 5 to 25 minutes. Then the adhesive is applied to the joining surface 2 of the two half-shells 1 ', 1'' , the two half-shells are joined together in a pressing device and dried, preferably between 30 and 70 ° C. for 40 to 80 minutes.

The base cartridge thus obtained is then subjected to surface hardening and solidification by providing it with another coating. For this purpose, the propellant body 1 of the basic cartridge z. B. dipped in a bath of a curing agent and then dried, preferably within 10 to 40 minutes in air at ambient temperature. Subsequently, the dipping process is repeated at least once again, in which case an initial drying in air, for. B. 10 to 20 min, and a final drying at elevated temperature, for. B. 40 to 80 min between 30 and 70 ° C has proven to be particularly advantageous for the desired surface hardening. The propellant body of the base cartridge then has such a strength that the further processing can be carried out.

Depending on the deformation behavior of the propellant, the internal stresses of the propellant body, etc., small changes in shape and dimensions of the propellant body of the base cartridge can not be completely ruled out despite the initial shape stabilization. If these should not be acceptable in a particular case, the propellant body of the surface-prepared base cartridge of a mechanical post-processing, for example by milling, subjected to obtain the required defined areas. These are preferably the broad sides 3 of the propellant body, its rear end face 10 , but also its end face at the front end 4 . In particular, the ignition bell 11 is reworked for receiving anvil body 14 and igniter 17 . This is not only calibrated, ie produced with accurate dimensions, but at the same time their wall 16 is compressed and smoothed by the existing between the individual particles of the blowing agent gaps of the smallest size with a portion of the abraded by the machining finishing material under pressure completely be filled. As a result, the arrangement and function of anvil body 14 and igniter 17 are advantageously improved in an advantageous manner. At the same time, the ignition channel 13 is preferably also refinished.

In a next step, the introduction of the decomposition charge 9 and the integration of the Anzündsystems with anvil body 14 and igniter 17 in the base cartridge. The Zerlegungsladung 9 is filled via the ignition 11 and the ignition channel 13 into the space 8 and optionally shaken. The loose disassembly charge fills the space 8 and the ignition channel 13 as completely as possible. Subsequently, the separate high-density anvil body 14 is then pressed into the recess 11 until it comes to rest on the shoulder 12 . In the production reasons, which can not be avoided very narrow annular gap between the lateral surface 15 and the wall 16 of the recess 11 then some adhesion promoter is entered and dried, preferably only briefly in air and finally 10 to 20 minutes between 30 and 70 ° C. Thus, in addition to the additional controllable surface preparation of the anvil body 14, a firm connection between this and the propellant body 1 . Optionally, it may also be provided to provide the anvil body 14 with a coating prior to insertion into the recess 11 and then to use it in the not yet dried state. On the anvil body is then - as known from the metallic ignition elements per se - the primer 17 is pressed and covered with the cover 18 .

Finally, the propellant body 1 is subjected to a final finish by dipping, spraying or the like. Optionally, the mechanically processed outer surfaces can be separately surface-treated with a lacquer beforehand in order to complete the preparation partially removed during the mechanical processing of the base cartridge. The final coating is preferably carried out several times, but at least twice, wherein it is also possible to use different paints in the individual coating operations. After each coating operation, a drying, preferably at ambient temperature is provided. The final drying is again at elevated temperature, preferably 40 to 80 minutes at 30 to 70 ° C. The surface coating 19 thus obtained also covers the cover 18 of the ignition charge 17 and protects the blowing agent body 1 and the ignition system against adverse environmental influences. In addition, this coating also causes a delay in the self-ignition (cook-off) of the caseless maneuver cartridge, which depends primarily on the deflagration temperature of the propellant of the propellant body, so that the caseless maneuver cartridge in the weapon in appropriate Feuermhythmus is usable without any objections.

In Fig. 2, a base cartridge is shown in longitudinal section, in which the provided at the front end 4 of the propellant body 1 central axial projection 6 is formed by means of the separate molded body 20 . The molded body 20 is pressed as a thin-walled cylindrical hood of propellant and connected to the propellant body 1 preferably by gluing over its cylindrical wall 21 . The molded body 20 rests with its rear end on the annular bead 22 of the propellant body 1 , which is used for the corresponding sharp caseless ammunition for the positive retention of a corresponding circumferential groove having projectile. Before bonding, the sections 1 ', 1'' are preferred at least in their coming to the molding 20 area, but preferably on its entire inner surface, including on the connecting surface 2 , with the bonding agent z. B. by coating, which is preferably dried in a drying oven between 30 and 70 ° C in 10 to 30 min. Preferably, the shaped body 20 is subjected at least in the region of its wall 21 of such a pretreatment. Subsequently, the sections 1 ', 1'' and the shaped body 20 are then glued together. The space 8 of the base cartridge still contains no decomposition charge and the ignition system is not yet arranged in the recess 11 . The surface preparation of the base cartridge with a corresponding hardener is indicated by the dashed line 23 . The z. B. applied by dipping hardener has also wetted the wall 16 of the recess 11 in its outer part.

In Fig. 3a, a further maneuver cartridge in a longitudinal section along the line III-III in Fig. 3c is shown, in which the projection 6 is formed by means of the separate cylindrical ammunition component 24 . The propellant body 1 with its two half-shells 1 ', 1'' and the ammunition component 24 are strength produced so that they meet the general requirements for handling, transport, Zuführsicherheit and so on. Propellant body 1 and ammunition component 24 are glued together, preferably both previously subjected to a pretreatment - as explained in Fig. 2 -, although due to the smaller mass of ammunition component 24 or the molding 20 whose attachment in the propellant body 1 is generally less critical than that of the bullet of the corresponding sharp caseless ammunition.

In the interior 8 , the annular shoulder 12 to the rear supporting, the Zerlegungsladung 9 is arranged, which is designed here as a slightly compacted cylindrical compact. The preferred non-pretreated disintegration charge 9 is glued in the position shown with the propellant body 1 . Between the decomposition charge 9 and the ammunition component 24 , the free transfer space 8 'is provided, through which the firing pulse of the decomposition charge 9 can propagate unhindered. The ignition system arranged in the ignition bell 11 is shown again as a detail Z in FIG. 3d on an enlarged scale. The highly compressed anvil body 14 is supported in the ignition bell 11 forward on the annular shoulder 12 and is connected via its lateral surface 15 by means of a Ringverklebung fixed to the wall 16 of the ignition 11 . The primer 17 is pressed in a conventional manner in the wet state intimately on the anvil body 14 , dried, painted on its outer surface 25 , dried again and then covered with the film 18 , which is finally covered by the final coat 19 . The anvil body 14 has about 0.2 times the size of the decomposition charge 9 .

Fig. 3b shows the same maneuver cartridge in the top view, in which the two as identical shell body, ie as half-shells formed sections 1 ', 1'' can be seen. The sections are glued together in the longitudinally extending planar connecting surface 2 . The opposing outer recesses 26 of the sections are provided for reasons of magazining the cartridge. In Fig. 3c, the rear view of the blank cartridge is finally still shown, according to which the connection surface 2 extending perpendicularly to the broad sides 3 of a substantially rectangular cross-section having propellant body 1. The maneuver cartridge is shown in FIGS . 3a to c in the scale 2: 1.

The ammunition component 24 , which is preferably ignitable, reacts more quickly during firing than the propellant body 1 and even under unfavorable circumstances within the weapon barrel, so that the pre-piping safety is ensured. By the implementation of the anvil body 14 and the decomposition charge 9 , a pressure surge is generated, which fragments the propellant body 1 and thus creates a sufficiently large for the rapid implementation of free surface. The energy of this maneuver cartridge is sufficient to get full weapon function with an automatic weapon, be it a gas pressure or a recoil loader.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show somewhat modified blank cartridge in longitudinal section, in which the propellant body 1 with the additional annular shoulder 27 and the intermediate wall 28 is formed with a continuous transmission channel 29, to set the cutting charge 9 by positive engagement in the propellant body 1 or a larger amount To accommodate propellants.

The maneuver cartridge is - as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 - preferably provided with a tail ignition, but can also be carried out with a side ignition. Fig. 6a shows a cartridge with side ignition in longitudinal section, in which the correspondingly highly compressed ammunition component 30 as an abutment for the shock-sensitive primer 31 with cover 32 from z. B. paper is used. The ammunition component 30 at the same time has the function of the decomposition charge, ie it causes the fragmentation of the propellant body 1 during the shot. The ammunition component projects with its front end out of the propellant body 1 and thus forms the central axial projection 6 . Fig. 6b shows the cartridge according to Fig. 6a in the top view.

FIGS. 7 to 11 show training cartridges in longitudinal section whose propellant body 1 is the same shape and dimensions of the corresponding sharp caseless ammunition. Equally equal is the position of the ignition, namely preferably at the rear of the propellant body 1 , but optionally also laterally according to FIG. 9. The cartridges of Figs. 7 to 9 have lightweight bullets. These may be made of plastic such as high or low pressure polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polyamide, polycarbonate, impact polystyrene, thermosets. Like. Be prepared, depending on the material by non-cutting shaping, z. B. by spraying, and / or by machining. The shape of the projectile and thus its flow resistance are determined according to the external ballistic requirements. In order to achieve the same internal ballistics as in the bullets of the sharp ammunition, the outer diameter of these practice bullets by about 1 to 5%, preferably 2 to 3%, greater than that of the bullet of the ammunition. Because of the low mass of these practice bullets, the required feed strength is also achievable in automatic weapons very high velocity fire in general by a pure positive connection between bullet and propellant body, for example by means of one or more projectile circumferential grooves and engaging in this corresponding Ringleisten the propellant body. Optionally, however, an additional bonding by means of a propellant-compatible adhesive can take place. If the practice floor has a smooth cylindrical outer surface, that is, no positive connection is provided, this is preferably held in addition to the frictional engagement by gluing in the propellant body. Preferably, a form-locking connection is provided, as this still an additional improvement of the inner ballistics is achieved.

The training cartridge shown in Fig. 7 has a lightweight projectile 33 with smooth cylindrical outer surface, via which it is connected to the propellant body 1 by gluing. The protruding from the propellant body 1 head of the lightweight projectile 33 forms the central axial projection 6 , which distinguishes the front end 4 of the propellant body 1 from the rear end. Behind the light projectile 33 and at a distance from this the disintegration charge 9 is positively held in the propellant body 1 , which is designed as a lightly compressed compact with the two opposite central conical recesses 34 , which promote their igniting and implementability.

According to Fig. 8, the light projectile 33 is provided with three circumferential grooves 35 , in which corresponding ring strips 36 of the propellant body 1 engage and thereby positively connected thereto. In Fig. 9, finally, a training cartridge with lateral percussion ignition is shown, in which the sufficient surface hardness having lightweight projectile 33 serves as an abutment for the ignition charge 31 with cover 32 . The ignition charge 31 covers the disassembling charge 9 arranged behind the projectile 33 on a part of its axial length and is supported thereon. Thus, the ignition of the decomposition charge 9 is ensured by the primer 31 .

Finally, training cartridges with short-track projectiles made of metal, in particular brass, are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.

Referring to FIG. 10, the Short Course projectile 37 to the continuous axial recess 38 and the tip is provided made of plastic 39, so that the external shape is equal to the sharp ammunition. On the held by a pin in the floor by friction tip can also be dispensed with, in which case the recess 38 is closed with another suitable cover. When shot is repelled by the propellant gases still in the gun barrel, the tip 39 and the cover destroyed, so that through the then free recess 39, a portion of the propellant gases can flow unused. The projectile 37 further has the outer constriction 40 , in which the propellant body 1 engages positively with the annular strip 41 .

Through this positive connection, the handling and transport safety of the cartridge is achieved. Despite the lower bullet mass compared to the sharp ammunition, the strength of this compound u. U. but not sufficient for the supply to the chamber of the weapon. This feed strength must be greater, the higher the firing speed of the weapon, as this also requires a correspondingly high feed rate of the ammunition. The required for modern weapons very high feed strength is achieved by the inventive method in that prior to bonding the projectile 37 in the blowing agent 1 on the one hand - as already stated - a pretreatment of the internal geometry of the blowing agent body 1 is performed and on the other hand after careful cleaning and Degreasing of the projectile 37 , for example in acetone, this at least in his pasted area with a surface-protecting coating lower viscosity than the adhesive, preferably the bonding agent, for. B. is provided by diving. The drying is then preferably only in air, ie at ambient temperature, the drying time, z. B. 10 to 20 minutes, is chosen so that the applied coating still has a certain elasticity when Geschoßeinkleben, so it is not fully cured. By this coating combination of propellant body and projectile in addition to bonding such a firm elastic connection between the two is achieved that the training cartridge according to the invention withstands the Zuführschock in weapons of very high cadence.

In the training cartridge according to FIG. 11, the training projectile is designed as a stump projectile 42 of increased air resistance and correspondingly reduced shooting range. Moreover, the structure of the surface treatments and the function at the shot here as well as in the above-mentioned embodiments, the general information in the description.

The case-free practice cartridge constructed and manufactured in this way which the optionally provided training projectile and the Propellant body with integrated ignition a physical Form a unit, is safe to handle, transport and infeed, Environmentally stable and meets the internal and external ballistic requirements also of weapons with very high fire speed.

Claims (17)

1. propellant body for caseless ammunition for practice purposes, with a primer and a decomposition charge, characterized in that the propellant body has at its front end a central projection. 2. propellant body according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection integral with the propellant body, preferably as a hood-like shape, is formed. 3. propellant body according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection as additional held in the propellant body, faster than the propellant body converting ammunition component is trained. 4. propellant body according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection as a light projectile held in the propellant body, in particular made of plastic, which is in its caliber by about 1 to 5%, preferably 2 to 3%, is greater than the caliber of the corresponding projectile sharp ammunition.   5. propellant body according to claim 1, characterized that the projection as one in the propellant body held, absprengbarer part of a training projectile with still to be released in the arms race and detachable tip is executed, which increased one Has air resistance. 6. propellant body according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the blowing agent body between priming charge and disassembling charge a separate one Anvil body with a volume smaller than that half volume of the burster charge is arranged, which serves as an abutment for the primer and as Compared to the bursting charge high-density combustible Shaped body of a powdered, fibrous, fine-grained od. Like. Substance or mixture of substances is trained.   7. propellant body according to claim 6, characterized that the anvil body at least approximately the same composition like the decomposition charge. 8. propellant body according to claim 6 or 7, characterized that the anvil body loose disassembly charge assigned. 9. propellant body according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized characterized in that the anvil body on a shoulder of the Propellant body adjacent abutting forward. 10. propellant body according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized characterized in that the propellant body of two sections is composed, their common connecting surface itself at least substantially in the longitudinal direction of the propellant body extends. 11. propellant body according to claim 10, with at least approximately rectangular cross-section, characterized in that the connection surface also at least substantially extends perpendicular to the broad sides of the propellant body. 12. A method of producing a propellant body according to a of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the blowing agent body or its sections after removal the pressing tool of an additional shape stabilization Apply and dry one located on the surface Subjected to particles interconnecting primer will or will be. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the training projectile, the Ammunition component od. Like. Pasted into the propellant body is, characterized in that before contact with the adhesive of the propellant body at least in his with the Training projectile, the ammunition component od. Like. To be bonded Area pretreated with a primer, which deals with the  Particles of the propellant body intimately connects than the glue. 14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the training projectile is glued into the propellant body, characterized that before contact with the adhesive at least the cleaned glued rear of the metallic training projectile with a coating that protects it from contamination is provided. 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized that the propellant body before the introduction of Priming charge, anvil body and optionally Zerlegungsladung and before its preferably provided mechanical Reworking of surface hardening and hardening by applying and drying one on the surface subjected particulate interconnecting hardener subjected becomes. 16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized that the voltage applied to the primer wall of the Propellant body before introducing and pressing the Initial charge by filling their pores, wells od. Like. is smoothed during mechanical reworking. 17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized that the separate anvil body in the area of his Cladding surface with the propellant body by gluing firmly is connected.