DE2732639A1 - DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING HEAT FROM A HEAT SOURCE TO CONSUMER CIRCUITS - Google Patents

Description

Widenstrasse 25, CH-6317 Oberwil, Switzerland

July 19, 1977 18 / Hä

Device for transferring heating energy from a heat source to consumer circuits

The invention relates to a device for transferring heating energy from a heat source to consumer circuits.

Devices of a similar type are, for example, the two-pipe system in conventional central heating systems, one of which is the working medium The heating boiler is connected to the radiators. Instead of a boiler serving as a heat source, however, a heat exchanger acted upon by a Pernheiznetz can also be provided, which is connected to the flow and return lines of the Pemheiznetzes is connected. The heat transfer takes place therefore with a large amount of water, which must be regulated and monitored at the heat exchanger accordingly with a great deal of effort,

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TELEPHONE (DSS) 93 9809

TELECOPER

apart from the fact that the ^w ärmezuführung also carried out by the district heating plant by means of a two-pipe system, and accordingly also has einen.hohen tube expense, this causes the corresponding large investment, operating and maintenance costs.

The object of the invention is therefore to be achieved, a device for transferring heating energy to consumer circuits to create that is simple in structure and requires only a small amount of water as a working medium in operation and can thus be regulated in an economical manner.

This object is achieved in that between a primary circuit having the heat source and each, the consumers, E.g. the heating element of a residential unit, a secondary circuit forming a consumer circuit a heat by means of steam-transmitting transfer circuit is provided, both on the primary circuit side and on the secondary circuit side connected to one heat exchanger each and with a constant one controlled by a heat meter and temperature controller Amount of liquid or transmission medium is partially filled and monitored by a safety valve.

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The constant amount of water or the transmission medium in the transfer circle is dimensioned in terms of volume so that it meets the Secondary circuit required maximum heat output from the heat exchanger of the primary circuit to the heat exchanger of the Secondary circuit can transmit, the transmission takes place in vapor form. This makes it possible to obtain the required To transfer heat without differential pressure with a small amount of water and a small water velocity. The heat meter, The temperature controller and the safety valve can be adjusted according to the pressure and pressure occurring in the transfer circuit Temperature conditions are selected, with their load is correspondingly minimal. In particular, the handover circle requires no additional energy and the susceptibility to failure is only low. Also there are none of drives and Valves caused noise, so that the transmission provided according to the invention is extremely economical is.

In detail, the execution is carried out so that the heat supply line of the district heating network is provided as the heat source through which the series-connected heat exchangers of the primary circuits are unregulated with high-voltage district heating be applied.

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The amount of heat fed one after the other to the heat exchangers in the primary circuits is not regulated and may fluctuate as required. The flow resistance is constant and is practically identical to the flow resistance in the heat supply line of the district heating network, which is returned to the district heating plant from the last heat exchanger in the primary circuit. The district heating network therefore forms a one-pipe system with which known to be considerable savings in pipe length and pipe insulation.

Here, the primary-side, from the district heating whole or partially flowed through heat exchangers designed to be switched off and bridged by a lockable bypass line. Everyone The primary circuit-side heat exchanger can therefore be used without interrupting the heat supply to the other primary circuit-side Heat exchangers can easily be replaced if necessary.

It is also provided that the heat exchanger on the secondary circuit side is provided in a direct consumer circuit of the transfer circuit is designed as a condenser, in the pipe string for the condensate drain in the direction of flow seen the heat meter, the safety valve and the temperature controller are installed.

The heat is therefore transferred from the primary circuit to the evaporator and as steam over the transfer circle to the war

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transferred to the exchanger of the secondary circuit. The evaporator of the heat exchanger on the primary circuit side removes the condensate as required or as a function of the temperature in the transfer circuit the heat from the heat supply line of the district heating network and thereby causes a drop in temperature.

Both in the primary circuit side and in the secondary circuit side Heat exchanger, a pipe coil is provided, both of which are arranged in series in the transfer circuit, with the coil in the heat exchanger on the primary circuit side is acted upon by the district heating.

Depending on the temperature drop in the condensate, the temperature controller allows in the transfer circuit as the last instrument seen in the direction of flow of the condensate, more or less condensate into the heat exchanger on the primary circuit side, where it evaporates and as steam into the coil of the condenser trained secondary circuit side heat exchanger arrives, whereupon the cycle begins again.

It is advantageously provided that the primary circuit side and the secondary circuit side heat exchangers are included the heat meter, safety valve and temperature controller of each transfer circuit are combined to form a unit

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are, in which the secondary circuit side heat exchanger or condenser is above the primary circuit side heat exchanger is arranged.

These measures can be used, for example, in a house or apartment unit to be supplied with district heating Place such a unit, which has only four connections and is appropriately dimensioned, to be set up. This is installed in the heat supply line for district heating with two connections provided for this purpose and by means of the other two connections to the actual consumer circuit, e.g. containing the radiators connected. Such units can, if necessary, be manufactured in series according to performance, so that an extraordinary economical device for transferring district heating to consumer groups is guaranteed.

In the following, the invention is intended to be based on schematic representations are explained in more detail. In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1 is an outline with several built in a district heating network and partially connected to consumer circuits Devices for transmitting district heating.

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Pig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a heat meter, Pig. 3 a longitudinal section through a safety valve,

Pig. 4- a longitudinal section through a temperature controller.

According to Pig. 1, for example, from a district heating plant 1 as a heat source, an insulated in the usual way and under the Pipe string 2 laid on the earth's surface for the transport of high-tension perennial heat, e.g. in the form of highly superheated water, preferably led through streets in which there are house or residential units to be supplied with perennial heat, whereby the relevant house or residential units are connected in series one behind the other to the pipe string 2. Of the the last supplied house or residential unit, the heat supply line 2 is returned to the district heating plant 1, so that the entire closed pipe string 2 forms a primary circuit at the same time. In settlements where practically everyone If the house or residential unit is to be supplied with personal heat, the heat supply line 2 is simpler and more advantageous Way, for example, laid directly through the cellars of the rows of houses, which significantly reduces investment costs can be.

Purely the use of high-tension heat in residential buildings pressure and temperature must be reduced considerably.

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According to the invention, a device is therefore created with which the district heating can be transferred to the consumer circuits in an economical manner with permissible pressure and permissible temperature. For this purpose, each house or residential unit is assigned a heat exchanger to which the district heating is applied, the high-pressure part of which is located in the primary circuit of the pipeline 2 supplying the district heating. The low-pressure part of the heat exchanger 3 is formed, for example, by a pipe coil, the ends of which are connected to the ends of a second pipe coil, which forms part of a further heat exchanger 4 designed as a condenser, which is provided at a predetermined distance above the heat exchanger 3 arranged in the primary circuit 2. The coiled tubes of the two heat exchangers 3 and 4 and the pipes connecting them form the transfer circuit 5 for the heat to the consumers, whereas the other part of the heat exchanger 4, which is designed as a condenser, contains the heating medium for the consumers in a consumer such as radiators, boilers and the like . The like. With the heat of the heating medium acting on the secondary circuit 6 is provided. In addition to the consumers 7, a circulating pump 8 and a regulator valve 9 are also arranged in the secondary circuit 6 in the usual manner.

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As can be seen from FIG. 1, there is a heat exchanger 3 with the accessories already explained for each house or residential unit provided, whereby, as already mentioned, the heat exchangers 3 of all the house or house to be supplied with heat. Residential units are connected in series in such a way that they are all subjected to high-voltage district heating in an unregulated manner will. To the supplied unregulated and high voltage district heating regulated to the required extent in each case to the consumer containing! To be able to transfer the secondary circuit is 5 and in each transfer circuit although in the pipe string 10, through which the condensate from the heat exchanger 4 designed as a condenser into the as Evaporator-acting coil of the heat exchanger 3 located in the primary circuit is returned, viewed in the direction of flow of the condensate, a heat meter 11 Safety valve 12 and a temperature controller 13 are arranged.

The transfer circuit 5 is operated with a constant amount of water, which is determined in such a way that the amount of water can transfer the maximum heat required in the secondary consumer circuit, for example at a flow temperature of 90 ^° C. and a return ^{temperature of 50 °} C. This amount of water is when the regulator valve 9 of the secondary

circle extending in the space reserved for the condensate perpendicular tubing 10 of the transfer circuit 5 between the outlet end of the pipe coil of the ^w ärmetauschers 4 and the

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Temperature regulator 13. Since when the regulator valve 9 the prescribed return temperature in the transfer circuit is not reached, the temperature controller 13 opens the the condensate line closing valve and lets so much condensate into the coil acting as an evaporator of the in the primary circuit heat exchanger 3 flow in until the condensate formed in the condenser or heat exchanger 4- in the temperature controller 13 has reached the prescribed temperature again. When this temperature is exceeded is the condensate returning to the heat exchanger 3 or evaporator pipe 10 by the temperature controller thermally influenced valve shut off again. The transfer of the necessary in a secondary circuit In the transfer circuit, heat is generated by steam, the pressure of which is dependent on the condensation temperature and is used for temperature control. The heat meter determines the number of passes of the constant each time a certain amount of heat transporting and releasing to the secondary circuit amount of water summed up and in the calories transferred are displayed on a display device.

Thus, if necessary, a heat exchanger 3 in the primary circuit 2 can be renewed or repaired, every heat exchanger through which the district heating flows can be switched off formed and bridged by a lockable bypass line 14.

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The device for transferring heat from the district heating network can be used in an economical and manageable manner on consumer groups in particular that the primary circuit side and the secondary circuit side heat exchanger 3 and 4 including the heat meter 11, safety valve 12 and temperature controller 13 are combined to form a unit that can be set up at any point, in which, for the reasons given, the secondary circuit side heat exchanger 4 or condenser with a predetermined Distance above the prxmarkreissextigen heat exchanger 3 is arranged.

In the heat meter provided in the transfer circuit 5 according to FIG. 2, the condensate volume flowing from the condenser 4 to the evaporator 3 is measured and compensated for with the condensation temperature. The heat meter 11 is formed by a container 15 and should, for example, have a measured variable of 2000 Kcal. Values between 50 ° C and 110 ° C are assumed as the condensation temperature, to which a pressure of 0.125 and 1.46 ata corresponds. Correspond to the condensation heat of 2,000 Kcal 3557 * ⁵ 47 cm of water at 50 ⁰ C. This volume corresponds to the contents of the container 15 · the difference in volume between 50 ⁰ C and 110 ° C is 392.55 cm. ⁵ For this volume difference, an additional space 16 extending upwards from the container 15 is provided, which absorbs the volume difference and

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is still enlarged by the size of a displacement piston 17, the piston rod 18 with its free end in one filled with expansion liquid and upright on the bottom of the container 15 cylinder guided is.

Furthermore, the top of the container 15 also has a measuring tube 20 which opens into the additional space 16 from above an inductive filler that interacts with an expansion element, at most at the level of the highest capacitor level 21 is arranged. A solenoid valve 22 in the pipeline 10 for the condensate is assigned to this filler sensor 21. The latter interacts with a second solenoid valve 23, which is located in the pipe string opening out above the container bottom is arranged for the condensate. As soon as the condensate level the inductive interacting with an expansion element Has reached the filler sensor 21, the solenoid valve 22 closes the pipe string opening into the container 15 at the top 10 from and the solenoid valve 23 in the bottom from the container 15 exiting pipe string 10 is opened, whereupon the container 15 with the additional space 16 is emptied until the The condensate level has reached the mouth of the pipe string 10 protruding into the container 15 at the bottom. The other Emptying is slowed down by an in the bottom of the container

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arranged and flush with the inside thereof, thin drainage pipe 24, which is inserted into the adjacent pipe string 10 opens and also has an inductive filler sensor 25 cooperating with an expansion element. As soon the last remaining condensate has expired, the solenoid valve is activated by a pulse emitted by the filler sensor 25 23 closed again and at the same time the process in the summer 26 was added to the previous empties and at the same time in a display device 27 the previously measured amount of heat is displayed in Kcal.

Since the system still has to be secured by an independent organ, this is done in the pipe string 10 for the condensate built-in safety valve specially designed. It is essentially closed on all sides Container 28 is formed, which has an intermediate floor 29, for example. On the housing cover 30 is an expansion fluid Filled bellows 31 or membrane arranged on the opposite closed side has a downwardly acting pin 32. Opposite this is in the intermediate floor 29 a downward opposite the action of a spring-opening valve 33 is provided, through which the container contents or the contents of the above this valve running pipe string 10 in the lower part of the container 34 · or in a special collecting container

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ter is emptied, which has an outlet 35 for the condensate.

For the design of the temperature controller 13, the fact is taken into account that during the transfer of heat by steam, the pressure in the transfer circuit 5 is dependent on the condensation temperature, which in the present case is used to regulate the temperature is used. Either a membrane or a bellows 36, which has a closed bottom and with it, is used for this purpose its open side is attached to the fixed boundary of the opening for the Kondeηsatzuauf. At the fixed Another limitation is one end of a helical spring guided centrally in the bellows 36 and on a valve stem 37 38, the other end of which rests on the bellows base 39, on which the free end of the valve stem 37 gets up. A helical spring which is somewhat stronger than the inner helical spring 38 acts on the outside of the bellows base 40 a, which is adjustable and, for example, with its other end on the screwable Bottom of a cup-shaped housing 41 rests. The housing 41 can also be arranged on a collar such that it can be screwed be, which is attached to the fixed boundary of the opening for the condensate inlet. The valve stem is wearing the end facing the pipe string 10 a valve disk 43,

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for example, an opening in an intermediate wall 44 between two closed and expanded ends of two pipe string parts 10 lying next to one another closes and thereby interrupts the condensate inlet to the evaporator of the heat exchanger 3 on the primary circuit side. Opposite the valve disk 41 is a stationary stop which limits the stroke of the valve by the maximum amount of water 45 attached.

Every change in pressure in the transfer circuit causes a change in length of the bellows 36. This change in length actuates the valve 37 »4 · 3» which is opened or closed and the opening leading to the evaporator of the primary-side heat exchanger 3 closes or opens. With the adjustment of the outer helical spring 40, the external pressure is increased or decreased. For example, the transfer circuit 5 has an internal pressure of 0.1 ata (45.4 ⁰ C). The effective area of the bellows is 1 cm. The inner helical spring 38 is dimensioned such that the valve 37 »43 connected to the bellows 36 closes when the counterforce of the helical spring 40 is 0.2 Kp. If the temperature is to be increased to 90 ^° C., the helical spring 40 is pretensioned to 0.9 Kp. This opens the valve 37 »4-3 and the condensate flows into the pipe coil or evaporator of the primary circuit as long as

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side heat exchanger until the internal pressure ^{rises according to the desired temperature from 90 0} C to 0.7 ata. When this pressure is reached, the valve 37,4-3 closes. The temperature regulator 43 is thus at the same time also a limiter of the maximum heat output of the device, depending on the respective height of the stop 45. This is necessary because the district heating plants stipulate a maximum permissible heat consumption value that no consumer may exceed. Such a limiter must detect the temperature difference between the flow and return as well as the amount of water in the device. By limiting the valve stroke by the stationary, optionally adjustable stop 45, it is prevented in a simple manner that the condensate flow rate to the evaporator of the heat exchanger 3 required for the maximum heat consumption value is exceeded. For example, if the maximum heat consumption value is 200,000 Kcal / h, this value corresponds approximately to the heat of evaporation of 377 l / h of water. This flow rate is then set at the stationary stop 45 of the temperature regulator 43.

The temperature controller is not just for heating and hot water control in district heating but also suitable for solar collectors.

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Claims (13)

PATENT ADVOCATES A. GRÜNECKER OH." H. KINKELDEY OR-MQ W. STOCKMAIR K. SCHUMANN . ORFERWT OW-PHYS P. H. JAKOB OPL-HS G. BEZOLD OR BERN «- 8 MUNICH 22 MAXIMILIANSTRASSE 43 Claims ./Device for transferring heating energy from a heat source on consumer circuits, characterized in that between one having the heat source (1,2) Primary circuit and each consumer (7), e.g. the radiator of a residential unit, a secondary circuit (β) forming consumer circuit a transfer circuit (5) which transfers the heat by means of steam is provided, which is both on the primary side and on the secondary side each connected to a heat exchanger (3 and 4) and with a constant, from one Heat meter (11) and a temperature controller (13) controlled amount of liquid or transmission medium partially filled and is monitored by a safety valve (12). 809885/0217 TKLBPON tO **) 9998Sa TELEX OB-MSSO TELEaRAMME MONAPAT TELEKOPIERtR INSPECTED 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat supply line is used as the heat source (2) of the district heating network is provided through which the series-connected heat exchanger (3) of the primary circuit are subject to unregulated high-voltage district heating. 3 · Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each primary circuit side, The heat exchanger (3) through which the district heating flows completely or partially can be switched off and can be shut off by a Bypass line (14-) is bridged. 4. Device according to claims 1 to 3> characterized in that the secondary circuit side, Heat exchanger (4-) of the transfer circuit (5) provided in a consumer circuit is designed as a condenser, in its pipe string (10) for the condensate drain, seen in the direction of flow, the heat meter (11), the safety valve (12) and the temperature controller (13) is installed. 809885/0287 5. Device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that both in the primary circuit side as well as in the secondary circuit side heat exchanger (3 and 4) in each case a pipe coil is provided, which are arranged in series in the transfer circle (5), the pipe coil in the primary circuit side heat exchanger (3) is acted upon from the outside by the district heating. 6. Device according to claims 1 to 5 »characterized in that the primary circuit side and the secondary circuit side heat exchanger (3 and 4) including the heat meter (11), safety valve (12) and temperature controller (13) of each transfer circuit (5) to one Aggregate are connected, in which the secondary circuit side heat exchanger (4) or condenser with a predetermined Distance above the primary circuit side heat exchanger (3) is arranged. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat meter from a container (15) for one of the measurands of the heat meter at a lower temperature and pressure limit in the transfer circuit (5) corresponding amount of liquid is formed that the container (15) an upwardly extending additional space (16) 809885/0287 for a displacement piston (17) and for the volume difference of the upper temperature and pressure limit in the transfer circuit (5) has underlying condensate that the container (15) opens with a into the additional space (16) from above Measuring tube (20) is provided on the zuai setting the condensate temperature a cooperating with an expansion element inductive filler (21) is arranged, which in the Pipeline (10) for the condensate is assigned a solenoid valve (22), which is connected to a below the container (15) in the pipe string (10) provided second solenoid valve (23) cooperates that continues to be in the container bottom with its Inside flush, thin drainage tube (24) opening into the pipe string (10) with an expansion element and an inductive filling transmitter (25) is arranged, which is connected to a totalizer connected to a display device (27) (26) is connected. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the pipe string (10) for the off the heat meter (11) draining condensate in the container (15) ends above the container bottom. 9. Device according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that g e that the free end of the piston 809885/0287 rod (18) of the displacement piston (17) in a filled with expansion liquid and perpendicular to the container bottom extending cylinder (19) is slidably guided. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the pipe string (10) for the condensate built-in safety valve (12) is formed by a housing (28) which is closed on all sides and which is attached to the inside of the Housing cover (30) has a bellows (31) filled with expansion fluid with one on the opposite side arranged pin (32) and in the housing bottom (29) under the action of the pin (32) against the action of a spring has outwardly opening valve (33). 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that a collecting container (3 ² I-) with an outlet (35) is connected to the housing (28) below the valve (33). 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature regulator (13) regulating from the condensate return in the evaporator of the primary-circuit-side heat exchanger (3) valve (37 »4-3) is det gebil, the one on the floor (39) a bellows (36) 809885 / 028T has upright, at the other end with a valve plate (4-3) provided shaft (37) on which one with a The end of the coil spring (38) resting on the inside of the bellows base (39) is guided, the other end of which is attached to the one on the pipe string (10) for the condensate fixed limitation of the opening for the condensate inlet in the also at this limitation attached bellows (36) is supported, and that on the outside of the bellows bottom (39) one end of an in Coil spring adjustable with respect to its effective length (40), the other end of which is at the bottom of a pot-shaped, housing arranged on the stationary boundary (41) is supported. 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that opposite the valve plate (43) of the temperature controller (13) a fixed, the stroke of the valve (37 »43) and thus the maximum heat output of the Device limiting stop (45) is arranged. 809885/0287