DE2724711A1 - Ski with better balance between running and climbing characteristics - has fine transverse serrations on running surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The polyethylene running surface of a ski (4) has a number of fine transverse serrations which achieves a better balance between running and climbing characteristics of the ski. The region (5) to which the ski boot is attached has relatively coarse serrations. The regions (6) on either side of this central region have finer serrations. The serrations are formed by means of an abrasive belt with a coarseness standard of 30 as specified by DIN 69100 with a belt speed of 5 metres per second transversely to the ski axis. A finishing operation is carried out with a finer abrasive belt which moves parallel to the ski axis and removes any burrs and sharp edges.

Description

The invention relates to a ski with a good glide

Properties exhibiting plastic sole, which is made of a corresponding polyethylene conventionally used for ski soles and in the middle The longitudinal area of the ski has a transverse profile as a climbing aid. With "transverse profiling" is an uneven training referred to here, in which projections or depressions not exclusively. run in the longitudinal direction of the ski, but transversely, i.e. obliquely or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski. The surface of the barrel soles of such skis is usually outside of the cross-profiled area durci Sanding in the longitudinal direction of the ski smoothed with a sufficiently fine sanding material, so that the sliding resistance on these smoothed parts is as low as possible.

So far, there has been an optimal compromise between sliding properties and climbing ability can only be achieved by waxing the surface accordingly. This is however, it is relatively expensive. Mar. therefore uses it as a cross-country ski - at least then when it is not about racing - increasingly skis with climbing aids in the form of transverse profiles. Here are primarily positively protruding Dandruff, scales or strips of fur negatively cut out of the plastic sole used. Such skis are e.g. from German patents 273 954 and 1 059 327 or the German Offenlegungsschriften 1 678 251 and 1 954 075. These known climbing aids improve the climbing properties of an unwaxed one Skis with a synthetic sole are essential in most cases. But is the slope very icy, the improvement in the climbing properties is slight. Right then however, it usually depends on good climbing properties.

Furthermore, the positive scales, for example, create unpleasant ones when driving down Sounds. After all, these are known transverse profiles for skis for downhill skiing not suitable.

The invention creates a ski of the type outlined above, which has very good sliding properties, but because of its good grip and thus Impetus for the ski hiker when climbing not only in dry or damp snow, but also in icy and hard snow, as it is with the well-known mechanical climbing aids cannot be reached. Ski training according to the invention is primarily beneficial for cross-country skiing. But it is also for downhill skiing is advantageous.

The training according to the invention is for alpine skis, that is to say for skis for cen downhill skiing, always an advantage when the skier doesn't want to go big Speed is what counts, but not too steep inclines if necessary to be able to overcome with little effort, as is the case, for example, when skiing in the Mountains, especially high mountains, is the case. Beginners, for example, also have to climb the practice hill keep going up. After all, it is multiple for fans and older skiers pleasant when the ski doesn't go too fast on the descent.

Accordingly, the ski of the invention is in training as an alpine ski, preferably a short ski, or a shorter normal ski.

The ski according to the invention is characterized in that the transverse profiling formed at least in part by fine grooves running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski which are produced by machining.

These grooves provide an excellent grip when climbing, as it was previously only achievable with optimally waxed skis. The sliding properties are as good or better than those of the previously known skis with climbing aid Cross-profiling of the outsole or rock strips.

The cross grooves can extend over only part of the width of the ski or, as is preferred, extend over the entire width of the ski. Has the ski has a guide groove, so this is usually not cross-grooved.

The same applies to steel edges, if any. the The plastic sole of the ski is advantageously kept relatively thick so that it can be worn out the cross-grooves, e.g. by re-grinding, back to the old quality state can be brought.

The transverse grooves are preferably those as made by grinding with A sharp-grained abrasive material such as Xorund can be achieved. Such a thing material gives the sanded plastic surface a Partly frayed or finely scaled character, which gives this surface a very high friction coefficient of repose compared to snow, this prevents a Sliding back when the ski is loaded in the manner that occurs when climbing. Skis with smooth or also those with profiled in the middle area as a climbing aid Outsole can easily be formed according to the invention by being appropriately rough Sandpaper is guided across the ski with the help of a sanding block. Of the Skiers can therefore also run down skis according to the invention even with little Bring effort back to the desired climbing ability. Is particularly cheap the result when an abrasive material with elongated from the surface of the Abrasive material in the same direction at an acute angle of e.g.

60 ° protruding abrasive grains are guided over the outsole of the ski in this way is that the grains of the ski tip are inclined, so the grain tip each of the The ski tip is closer than the base of the abrasive grain that is attached to the abrasive.

The transverse grooves according to the invention do not necessarily have to be through a Grinding process are introduced.

You can, for example, also very fine with the help of the appropriate toothed tools, such as one sufficiently fine rasp-like tool. However, grinding is preferred, as this leads to a highly qualified climbing aid.

Another way to create the cross-grooves is to cut into them the same with a knife whose wedge angle is large, e.g. 150. The knife is pressed into the plastic like the edge of a chisel, so that this is displaced and crater rim-like at the edges of the incised grooves Bulges arise. The knife is used to improve the sliding properties of the ski not vertically, but pressed into the outsole in such a way that the bisectors ae of the wedge angle of the knife with that between the incision and the rear The part of the ski lying at the end of the ski has an acute angle of e.g. 150 to 300, preferably 200 includes.

If a rasp is used, its teeth should not be beneficial be symmetrical, but rather on its flank facing the tip of the ski when in use be steeper than on its flank facing the rear end of the ski.

The grooves can also be sawed in with sufficiently fine saws, again being the angle between the saw blade and the ski part between the interface and the rear The end of the ski should be very pointed. He can e.g. 150 to 450. The saw blade advantageously has cutting edges that are approximately run perpendicular to the plane of the saw blade.

The grooves can also be milled with a sufficiently fine milling cutter will. Its teeth then expediently have a sawtooth profile that is steeper on one side, with the flanks of the cutter teeth facing the ski tip being the steeper ones during milling should be.

Even if the cross-grooves run closer together can, this distance should preferably be as small as possible. Best to lie the cross-grooves next to one another without a gap in the way that this happens when grinding, for example with a rotating grinding belt or a rotating grinding wheel will.

The depth of the transverse grooves is also important in the invention, so the distance between the remaining ridges and the bottom of the grooves. This is advantageously between 0.02 and 0.4 mm, better between 0.05 and 0.2 mm. Cross grooves with a depth of 0.08 to 0.13 mm, the by means of a running sanding belt with an abrasive material grain size of 40 up to 24 (DIN 69100) with moderate pressure in one for Ski soles common polyethylene were produced. Too great a groove depth, for example of more than 0.5 now, is also disadvantageous in that it not only increases sliding resistance increased to an undesirable level in the middle ski area, but beyond that The plastic sole of the ski also weakens undesirably and wears out too quickly.

The depth of the groove is advantageous. under the binding area about 0.08 to 0.13 mm, while they are in the areas in front of and / or behind the transverse profile is finer, for example 0.04 to 0.08 mm.

This graduation of the groove depth or fineness has the advantage that the sliding ability in the essentials when sliding forward, between the possible smooth front and rear parts and the area under the binding Outsole area good despite the increased grip due to the transverse grooves Have sliding properties in motion.

A construction is preferred in which the grooves are deep front end of the cross-grooved middle area starting with zero increases steadily up to the area under the binding, where it increases approximately over the length the bond remains constant, then steadily back down to zero End of this area gbr gain weight. The cross-grooved one The range is advantageously about half to three fifths of the ski length.

The protection against sliding back is strongest when the transverse grooves run perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski.

The width of the transverse grooves can be, for example, 0.5 to 3 times the depth of the groove be. A particularly favorable combination of low sliding resistance with high Adhesion when standing is achieved when the cross-grooved area of the outsole is light in the longitudinal direction of the ski from the tip of the ski backwards with a very fine abrasive material and low pressure is painted over, for example with aPJn from the S {innesota Mining and Manufacturing Company and named "Scotch Brite" Abrasive material. This causes the ridges formed between the grooves to open their flank pointing towards the tip of the ski is flattened by the machining process Micro fringes and scales on the ridge of the back become towards the end of the ski folded over, which improves the gliding ability of the ski.

A cross-section area treated in this way not only has the advantage of that the run-in section until the ski has its optimal sliding properties is only about five to ten kilometers. He is also afterwards - especially on a trail from compacted cold crystalline Snow - in terms of that Improved sliding properties.

It goes without saying that the longitudinal cut superimposed on the transverse grooves the transverse grooves should only slightly overlap, so that the longitudinal grinding grooves in this area is barely visible and in principle only the upper edges of the Between the transverse grooves, fine transverse ribs lie backwards and flatten. Instead of the longitudinal grinding from front to back, machining can also be carried out with a polishing tool such as a steel brush or a hard felt disc done from front to back. This also makes it easier to slide forward, and makes sliding back difficult.

If the transverse grooves are arranged in a herringbone shape, then has this has the advantage that the longitudinal guide effect of the guide groove in the outsole of the ski is reinforced. The herringbone pattern is preferably one in which the grooves point towards the tip of the ski like an arrowhead.

The transverse grinding grooves can also be created by two intersecting, be formed diagonally running grinding scoring systems, preferably both extend at the same angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski, which may be approximately 450, for example can. With such an arrangement, care must of course be taken that one system does not outweigh the other.

To eliminate this difficulty of even application, the two systems with cylindrical grinding wheels can also be applied Rotate in planes running in the longitudinal direction of the grinding grooves and in this direction be guided away with their peripheral surfaces over the outsole of the ski. One holds here the grinding wheels are slightly inclined so that their front end of the ski facing end face is tilted slightly towards the outsole to be ground while the opposite grinding wheel face facing the rear end of the ski If something is turned away from the ski sole, a field of contiguous Generate rhombs, each of which points with a diagonal in the longitudinal direction of the ski and has a herringbone-like grinding groove arrangement. This arrangement stands out because of the unevenness caused by the slight inclination of the grinding wheel due to the particularly high reverse sliding resistance, since here the effect of the previously known Macro-scale is combined with that of the micro-grooves according to the invention.

The grinding grooves can also run in the shape of a circular arc.

This can be done, for example, by grinding with a slightly inclined Reach cup wheel.

The transverse groove arrangement according to the invention can also be other per se overlay known arrangements of macro-scales. For example, a pre-embossed positive scale arrangement, i.e. an arrangement in which the scales run roughly like roof tiles, be revised accordingly. Another possibility consists in the case of a negative scale arrangement in which the inherently smooth one Scalike depressions are provided for the ski outsole, the smooth ski surface to be provided with cross-grooves.

The invention is shown below in the form of various preferred exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows the view from the outsole side of a device according to the invention formed skis with transverse grinding grooves running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski.

Fig. 2 shows a ski similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which In the middle area under the ski binding, the grinding grooves are coarser.

FIG. 3 shows, in the same representation as FIG. 2, a third arrangement of grinding grooves running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski.

Fig. 4 shows the course of the grinding groove depth in the ski according to Fig. 3 over the ski length.

Fig. 5 shows in the same representation as in FIGS. 1 to 3, a further one Grinding groove arrangement.

Fig. 6 shows in a view from below in relation to FIGS. 1 to 5 essentially enlarged scale, a cross-country ski underside with negative scale profiling and inventive grinding groove arrangement.

Fig. 7 shows a part of a ski according to the approximately natural size Invention, the outsole of which has two intersecting grinding scoring systems.

Finally, FIG. 8 also shows a roughly natural size Part of a ski according to the invention, which has circular arc-shaped grinding grooves.

FIG. 9 shows section IX-IX from FIG. 3 on a scale of 100: 1.

It should be noted in advance that the drawings are only schematic representations that do not claim to be true to nature or to scale.

The one in flight. 1 shown cross-country ski 1 has a for Ski usual polyethylene outsole 2, which in the front and rear area in usual Way is smoothed by fine longitudinal sanding. About the middle area the this outsole is a field 3 running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski, relative Coarse grinding grooves ground in, the average depth of which is about 0.1 mm.

With a ski length of 2 m, the field extends from the center of gravity of the ski forwards and backwards by 400 m each, so the field covers less than half the length of the ski.

Such an embodiment is the simplest embodiment of the Invention. The cross section can, for example, by means of a in the ski industry For the longitudinal sanding, however, a coarse abrasive with one grain is common of e.g. 30 to DIN 69 100 carrying abrasive belt 50 are ground in, the at a speed of e.g. 5 m per second in the direction of arrow 51 the running sole 2 guided and with a pressure of 10 to 30 g per square centimeter is pressed. Because the tape is usually narrower than the length of area 3, for example, 15 cm wide band 50 in the direction of arrow 52 with at a speed of e.g. 10 to 15 cm per second.

the ski in the opposite direction. One advance in the opposite Direction is less beneficial.

The sanding can also be done by hand with an appropriately coarse Sandpaper tipped with corundum or another equivalent abrasive be done with the help of a sanding block that produces an even pressure. Both hand sanding and machine sanding with the belt are done advantageously dry.

The ski 4 shown in FIG. 2 differs from the ski 1 essentially in that with him the cross-grinding grooves do not cover the whole of the cross-grooves having area in uniform thickness and arrangement extend.

Rather, the ski 4 is relatively deep directly under the bind Sanding marks 5 provided while in the area in front of the bond and in the area behind the binding less deep grinding grooves 6 are attached. Here, too, they run Grinding grooves perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski.

The deep grinding grooves 5 have an average depth of 0.1 mm. she extend from the center of gravity of a ski, for example, 50 cm long 21 cm at the front and 34 cm at the back. You are using an abrasive grit 24 (DIN 69 100) ground. The flat grinding grooves 6 each extend front and rear over a lengthwise area of 16 cm each. Their depth is in the Medium about 0.05 mm. They are equipped with a 40 grit abrasive according to DIIQ 69 100 ground.

Finally, the entire cross-sanded area is dotted with a dash-dotted line shown n Scotch-Brite "sanding belt 54 by machine very easily in the through the The direction shown by arrow 55 is ground from the tip of the ski to the rear end, to improve the sliding properties of this area. With this slight regrinding Only relatively little material such as protruding micro-fringes is allowed in the longitudinal direction of the ski and the sharp ridges of the cross-grooved zone are removed. It is enough if this Area is sanded over two to three times with wScotch-Brite ".

This light sanding or other reworking from the front backwards is essential. It also improves the sliding properties of others Explanations are essential, but are not separate for these for the sake of simplicity described. Instead of "Scotch-Britew", another abrasive material, such as fine sandpaper with a grain size of 2.B. 240 according to DIN 69 100 used will. However, an abrasive material of the "Scotch Brite" type is preferred. Similar effects can also be achieved by brushing with a fine steel wire brush or Polishing can be achieved with a felt pad from front to back.

The ski 7 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the ski 4 essentially in that the depth of the transverse grinding grooves is not changed in a step-like manner. At the Ski 7, the grinding grooves 8 run rather from the front beginning 9 of the same, where they begin with an infinitesimally small depth, with slowly increasing Sanding groove depth up to about the middle between the binding and the heel plate on the Ski to then again steadily down to about zero at the rear end 10 of the transverse Remove grinding groove arrangement.

The course of the depth of the transverse grinding grooves in the ski according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is shown again graphically in FIG. You can see the course here the grinding groove depth t over the length L of the ski.

To Fig. 2 and 3 it should be noted that in these the middle guide groove for the sake of simplicity is only indicated by a line.

The ski 12 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the ski 1 according to FIG. 1 essentially in that the grinding grooves 13 in herringbone-like with him or arrowhead-shaped symmetrical arrangement with respect to the guide groove 14 run. The latter can be omitted completely in this training if you change the angle between the longitudinal direction of the grinding grooves and the longitudinal direction of the ski is small enough power. It goes without saying that even with such a design, for example, gradations the grinding groove depth, such as with the ski 4 or the ski 7, can be provided.

The ski 15, which is shown in part from below in FIG. 6, has in its Outsole 16 square negative scales 17, which with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ski are placed diagonally. These negative scales are depressions on their the the end facing away from the ski tip indicated by the arrow 18 have a depth of zero, which increases steadily towards the front end 19. These depressions have one another a distance which is approximately equal to the width of the depressions. By the way, the also here from a suitable plastic - preferably polyethylene - formed Just the outsole. The flat parts of the outsole are in the same area on this ski as in the case of the skis according to FIGS. 1 to 3, ground transversely.

So here is the effect of negative profiling with that of the invention Combined grinding groove arrangement. Here, too, is a subsequent longitudinal cut with a: wScotch-Brite "band is recommended.

Fig. 7 shows the view of the longitudinal middle part of an outsole of a Ski 20, which in their flat parts - that is, on both sides of the guide groove 21 - has two intersecting grinding groove systems. These grinding scoring systems became ground in by means of two 1 cm wide cylindrical grinding wheels 22 and 23 each. Accordingly, the width is 24 or 25 each less than 450 to the longitudinal direction of the ski running sanding strips on the ski equal to 1 cm.

As can be seen from Fig. 7, the grinding grooves in this training Load-bearing surface in a variety of with a diagonal in the longitudinal direction of the ski trending Rbomben divided. Each diamond face has a herringbone-like shape Arrangement of grinding grooves, with the herringbone arrangement with the point facing through the arrow 28 indicated ski tip protrudes. This arrangement can be achieved by that when moving the grinding wheels rotating about their axes 29 and 30, respectively in the direction of arrows 31 and 32, the axes of rotation 29 and 30 of the cylindrical grinding wheels with their in Fig. 7 approximately pointing into the upper corners of the drawing sheet Ends slightly downwards, so: be inclined towards the ski sole while the other ends are slightly upwards.

Finally, FIG. 8 also shows a grinding groove arrangement on the ski 40 indicated in which the grinding grooves symmetrically with respect to the guide groove 41 run in the shape of an arc of a circle. Such a cut is relatively easy to use With the help of a cup wheel, the slightly inclined is.

In the embodiment shown, the outsole of the ski was used twice ground so that two different systems of grinding grooves 44 and 45 exist are. However, one can also get by with a system of grinding grooves if one the axis of the cup wheel when grinding along the central guide groove 41 of the Ski leads.

In this case, the center of curvature should be of each grinding score lie between the rear end of the ski and the grinding grooves, while the shown Exemplary embodiment of the center point of each sanding mark appropriately something outside of the ski and between the ski tip and the grinding grooves.

Fig. 9 shows the structure of the crochet grooves according to the invention better recognize. The arrow 60 there points in the direction of the ski tip. You can see that the The flanks 61 of the grooves 8 facing the tip of the ski run flatter than those towards the end of the ski facing flanks 62. The depth t of the grinding grooves is also entered here.

The ski according to the invention is used as a beginner's ski for alpine skiing used, the training of the outsole according to the invention can after reaching a sufficient level of training through appropriate longitudinal grinding the The outsole can be removed.

If the ski has steel edges, these advantageously have no transverse grooves on.

The polyethylene that is connected to the ski over the entire surface in the usual way Outsole designated 63 in FIG. 9 is advantageous especially for ski soles manufactured, largely pore-free material (3 to 5% pore content), as e.g. from the company Inter-tSontana Sport A. Müller & Co., Hergssazil, Switzerland, under called "P-Tex 1000" is supplied in the form of foils. Are also suitable PE coverings in which glide waxes are already incorporated during manufacture. These coverings are particularly water-repellent and resistant to oxidation. You will too supplied by the named company.

It should also be mentioned that the fine transverse grooves are not necessarily cutting, that is, by grinding, rasping, planing, cutting, milling and the like must, even if this machining of the plastic forming the outsole a particularly good combination of sliding properties and a push-off aid for climbing guaranteed. The fine transverse grooves can also be produced by non-cutting shaping such as injection molding (injection molding) or Embossing or pressing take place by z..B a sheet of suitable polyethylene forming the outsole in the appropriate Area with the help of a sheet metal with complementary grooves pressed or embossed with heating in the thermoplastic area, then again cooled and in the direction from the tip of the ski to the end of the ski, e.g. with "Scotch Brite "or a sharp wire brush. This procedure is manufacturing technology easier.

Should there be contradictions between the information about the grinding groove depth and the details about their production are available, the details about the production of the grooves.

It goes without saying that the invention does not apply to the exemplary embodiments shown is limited and that many modifications are possible within the scope of the claims.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (16)

Claims: 1. Ski with good sliding properties Plastic sole with a transverse profile as a climbing aid in the middle longitudinal area of the ski having, characterized in that the transverse profiling is at least partially of fine grooves running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski are formed by chip-relieving (cutting) machining generated or reworked by cutting. 2. Ski according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves are rough Sanding marks are. 3. Ski according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transverse grooves have a depth of 0.02 to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.2 mm. 4. Ski according to claim 3, characterized in that the groove depth r; n is 0.08 to 0.13 below the bond range, while it is in the preceding and / or grooved areas lying behind it is lower. 5. Ski according to claim 4, characterized in that the depth of the Cross-grooves at the front end of the grooved area begins with zero, steadily up to the area under the binding increases, to behind this steadily up again decrease to zero at the rear end of the cross-grooved area. 6. Ski according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the transverse grooves run perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ski. 7. Ski according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the transverse grooves run in a herringbone arrangement. 8. Ski according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the transverse grooves run in the shape of a circular arc. 9. Ski according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the transverse grinding grooves of two crossing, diagonally running Sanding mark systems are formed. 10. Ski according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the middle Neiguno of cer Skispite facing flanks of the grooves is flatter than the mean slope of the flanks facing the rear end of the ski. 11. Ski according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that that the transverse grooves are superimposed by very fine longitudinal grooves applied afterwards are. 12. A method for producing a ski according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the transverse grooves by means of a grinding wheel be ground in at least at the beginning of the grinding test with the grinding marks generating abrasive grains is connected. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the cross grinding with a grinding tool, the grains of which (according to the German standards committee published standard DIN 69 100) a grain with a number between 20 and 80, preferably between 24 and 40. 14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the shallower slope of the flanks of the grooves facing the ski tip is generated, by doing the cross-grooved part of the outsole with a fine abrasive is slightly ground from the tip of the ski to the end of the ski. 15. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the shallower slope of the flanks of the grooves facing the ski tip is generated, inden the cross-grooved part of the outsole from front to back with a polishing surface is painted over. 16. A method for producing a ski according to claim 11 and one of claims 1 and 3 to 10, characterized in that the outsole by spraying, Pressing or embossing is provided with the fine transverse grooves and that this is done afterwards be roughened by machining from the tip of the ski to the end of the ski.