DE2549644A1 - CONTROL CIRCUIT - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to control circuit devices and in particular on control circuit devices for controlling the State of a series or parallel connection of devices such as batteries or motor armatures.

In the field of electric propulsion, it is common practice to provide a number of batteries in which the condition the serial or parallel link is changed to control the speed. In some cases two Motor armatures are provided, which in turn are connected in series or in parallel, depending on the required speed are connected. So far, a switch to change the state of the connection from series to to achieve parallel and vice versa, DC circuit breakers are used. Two typical examples of well-known tax

DR. G. MANITZ · DIPL.-ING. M. FINSTERWALD DIP L.-IN G. W. GRAMKOW ZENTRALKASSE BAYER. FOLK BANKS

β MÖNCHEN 22. ROBERT-KOCH-STRASSE 1 7 STUTTGART 50 (BAD CANNSTATT) MÖNCHEN. ACCOUNT NUMBER R 72 70

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Circuits with DC power switches are shown schematically in Fig. ¹ and 2 shown in which

Figure 1 is a typical known circle for connecting two Batteries are shown in series or parallel connection while

Figure 2 is a typical known circuit for connecting two hoe anchors in series or in parallel.

In Fig. ¹ , the armature M of an electric motor to form an electric drive unit is connected so that it receives power γόη two batteries B1 and B2, in parallel or in series. The positive terminal Ti of the battery B1 is connected to the positive terminal T2 of the battery BP via a DC power switch S1, while the negative terminal T3 of the battery BI is connected to the negative terminal T4 of the battery BP via a light current power switch 82 connected is. In addition, the positive terminal T1 of the battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal T4 of the battery B2 via a DC power switch S ^. It can be seen that with switches S1 and S2 open (ie non-conductive) and with switch Sj closed (ie conductive) as shown, batteries 131 and B2 are connected in series, while with switch SJ open and switches Si and S2 closed, the batteries 131 and B2 are connected in series Batteries B1 and B2 are connected in parallel.

In the case of FIG. 2, two motor armatures Mi and M2 are one machine switched for electric drive so that they are supplied with power from a battery B, the speed control by series connection or parallel connection of the Anchor Mi and MP is reached. To achieve this is the Connection 11 of the armature Hl with the corresponding connection 12 of the armature M2 connected via a circuit breaker S1, while the other terminal T3 of the armature Mi via a circuit breaker S2 with the other terminal T4 of the motor winding M2 connected is. In addition, the connection TI is connected to the connection ΐ4 · via a circuit breaker S3. As can be seen

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did S ' ¹ and S? and closed switch Sj> the motor armatures M1 and M2 in series with the battery B, with closed switches S1 and S2 and open switch Bj> the motor armatures Mi and MP O are parallel to the battery B.

In the known devices according to the irt in FIGS. 1 and; not only brings the use of DC circuit breakers considerable maintenance work involved, especially the contacts when reliable working method is achieved but such facilities tend to be relatively large and heavy.

The present invention seeks improved control devices to create in which to change the series / parallel state DC circuit breaker required to connect the circuit is at least reduced.

In accordance with the present invention, a control circuit includes first and second pairs of terminations and means for interconnecting them two pairs of connections in series or in parallel, the latter two means being a combination of switchable devices that respond to a bias voltage

CIj

genes with variable conductivity contains /, "~ in soft one Changing the bias for at least one of the bias-responsive devices with variable conductivity in a path, the conductivity state of which is to be changed in order to establish the series / parallel connection between to change said pairs of connections is effected in that the state of at least one switchable device is changed, which is also arranged in a path, the conductivity state of which is to be changed to the series / Change the parallel state of the connection between the said pairs of connections.

Advantageously, in the present invention, any device that responds to a bias is provided with a changeable conductor

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capability and each switchable device by a triggerable, unilaterally conductive device such as a thyristor educated.

In one embodiment of the invention, there are two direct current power sources required, which are connected either in series or in parallel with respect to a load, and two parallel connection paths between connections of the sources mentioned, which are of the same polarity, each one unilaterally conductive Device includes a series path between a terminal of a source of one polarity and a terminal of the other Source of the other polarity, which contains a switchable device, through which if said switchable device is an open circuit, said two sources are connected in parallel via said unilaterally conductive devices are, and when said switchable device is conductive, the two sources are thereby connected in series, the The voltage of one source is applied to a unilaterally conductive device and biases it backwards and the voltage of the other Source rests on the other unilaterally conductive device and biases it backwards, thereby making the two unilaterally conductive Facilities are kept non-conductive.

Preferably, the two sources are batteries, which are connected in series or in parallel to anchor an electrical To supply the motor with energy for drive purposes.

A chain of more than two batteries can be provided, each with the next in the chain as described above connected is.

In another embodiment of the present invention two polarity-sensitive loads are arranged in such a way that that they are powered by a DC power source either in series or in parallel, with parallel paths between terminals of the named loads of the same polarity

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each parallel path containing a switchable device such that the line in that path is interrupted and a series path between a terminal of one load and the terminal of opposite polarity of the other Load is provided, the series path containing a unilaterally conductive device through which switchable when open Device the two loads are connected in series to the direct current source via the unilaterally conductive device, and With conductive switchable devices, the two loads are parallel to the direct current source and the switchable ones Devices connect said unilaterally conductive device via the DC voltage source, and they in Vorsoannen the blocking direction, whereby the series path is interrupted will.

Where the two direct current sources are arranged to be connected either in series or in parallel to a load as described above and a generator is provided to charge that direct voltage source, the generator is preferably connected at opposite ends of the series path and is a switchable device connected between one end of the series path and a Conn. "> of the generator, which latter schaltba ^ e is arranged means so that it does not conduct when the switchable means in the series circuit is conducting and vice versa, in order to avoid that said series path short-circuits the generator when the switchable device is closed in series in order to connect said direct current sources in series.

In another embodiment according to the invention, in two DC power sources are arranged to be connected to a load in series or in parallel, are between two parallel paths of the same polarity are provided at the terminals of these direct current sources, each of which parallel path contains a thyristor, and a series path

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is provided between one terminal of the one direct current source and a terminal of the other source of opposite polarity, the series circuit being one or a number of triggerable, unilaterally conductive devices, which triggered the current drawn by said load can interrupt.

In another embodiment of the invention in which two polarity sensitive loads are arranged so that them in series or in parallel with a DC voltage source can be connected, two parallel paths are provided between load terminals of the same polarity, each contain one or more triggerable unilaterally conductive devices that can interrupt the load current, and a series path extending between one terminal of one load and the terminal of opposite polarity of the another load, the series path including a triggerable unilaterally conductive device, whereby said Loads connected in series by triggering said device in the series path from the switched-off state can be, whereby the loads from parallel operation to series operation by triggering the device or the Devices in the parallel paths can be switched and thereby reducing the loads from parallel operation by switching off the device or devices in the parallel paths can be switched off by parallel operation.

Where the said polarity sensitive loads the anchors from are electric double-armature machines, which can be connected in series or in parallel to a direct current source, means are provided, preferably in order to avoid excessive motor currents, creating a resistance in series between said DC power source and said armatures are inserted during starting with the resistor removed becomes as the speed of the anchors increases.

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The latter means preferably contain a combination ordering from a series of unilateral triggerable conductive devices bridged resistances in series with a triggerable unilaterally conductive device lies between one connection of said direct current source and the armatures. Preferably a diode is between the connection of the last-mentioned device and the mentioned combination and the connection of the said direct current source of opposite polarity inserted.

In an embodiment according to the invention in which two polarity sensitive loads in the form of two anchors one provided with two armatures electrical machine is provided, which in series or in parallel with a direct current source can be connected, the said anchors are connected in series with a common point between the two anchors, which is connected to each pole of the DC voltage source via triggerable unilaterally conductive devices, and wherein the free connections of the two armatures with each pole of the DC voltage source via a triggerable unilaterally conductive Device connected sand, all of these devices being polarized in the same direction in the series paths, which are formed by pairs of devices on the direct current source and by for reversing the current in one Field winding provided means, which are assigned to an armature, with respect to the current in the other of the field winding assigned to both armatures.

In another embodiment of the invention in which two polarity sensitive loads in series or in parallel with are to be connected to a direct current source, two loops are connected to the direct current source, each of which three triggerable unilaterally conductive devices in series, with one connection of one load between the first and the second device is connected in a loop and the other terminal of the same load between the first and the

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the second device is connected in the other loop, one connection of the other load between the second and third device is connected in one loop and the other terminal of the other load between the second and third device in the other loop is connected and a connection of the first load via a series path including a triggerable unilaterally conductive device with the opposite one Terminal of the other load is connected and containing the other terminal of the first load via a series circuit a triggerable unilateral guiding device with the remaining terminal of the other load is connected.

In another embodiment according to the invention, in which two direct current sources in series or in parallel to one Load is a connection of one source to the opposite connection of the other source via a series path comprising a triggerable unilaterally conductive device connected, with two pairs of unilaterally conductive devices connected to each DC power source, with one terminal of the load both having a point between the two Devices of a pair connected to a source is connected as well as to a point between the two bodies of a pair connected to the other source, and the other terminal of the load both having a point between the two devices of the other having a source connected pair as well as with a point between the two bodies of the other connected to the other source Pair is connected.

In each of the embodiments described above, means for interrupting the current from the source or the Sources to the load or loads may be provided, whereby the main current to this load or these loads is controlled.

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In the latter case, the one described immediately above Exemplary embodiment of the invention is one inclusive the one "source with the opposite terminal of the other source connecting seriesofad omitted and each A pair of triggerable unilaterally conductive devices connected to a source are in series with a pair triggerable unilaterally conductive devices connected to the other source by a further pair unilaterally conducting device is connected, the common ^ point between the two devices of a further Pair with the common point between the two bodies of the other further pair is connected by the series combination of an inductance and a capacitance.

In a further embodiment, one of the further pairs of devices is bridged by a diode rectifier and one of the pairs of facilities associated with the sources, which is furthest from the corresponding further pair of devices is by a diode rectifier bridged, with all diode rectifiers opposite to the device or pair of devices with which it is connected.

In the embodiment of the invention described above with two loops connected to a direct current source is preferably a further unilaterally conductive device in, each loop is connected adjacent one terminal of the sources and the series combination of a capacitance and an inductance is with a point between an additional Facility and the next facility within the loop and a point between the other additional facility and connected to the next device in its loop, with means for simultaneously turning the additional Facilities are provided to take the mean of the

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the sources of the current supplied to the I / branches.

In a further embodiment, it is with the series combination . each additional: 1t ζ borrowed facility and the next facility in each loop and with. every other device in each loop a diode rectifier connected, from which each opposed to the bodies or to the Device is polarized, which it bridges.

In all cases the load is preferably the anchor one electric machine, each direct current source a battery and each triggerable unilaterally conductive device Thyristor.

The invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with FIGS. 3 to 27. FIG. Show it:

Figure ό a control device for connecting two batteries in series or in parallel with a motor winding,

FIG. 4 shows a control device for connecting two motor windings in series or in parallel with a battery,

Figure 5 shows a device for connecting more than two Batteries in series or in parallel with a motor winding,

FIG. 6 shows a device as in FIG. 3 with means for recharging of the two batteries,

FIG. 7 shows a further arrangement for connecting two batteries in series or in parallel with a motor winding,

Figure S is a fourth table for the operation of the arrangement according to Fig. 7)

FIG. 9 shows a device similar to that in FIG. 7, but with Means for reversing the polarity of the connections to the motor winding,

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FIG. 10 shows a further arrangement for connecting two motor windings in series or in parallel with a battery,

FIG. 11 is a table of values relating to the operation of the Arrangement according to Fig. 10 relates,

FIG. 12 shows a device similar to that of FIG. 10, but with means for switching on a resistor in the Current path to the two armature windings to limit the armature current during starting,

FIG. 13 shows a device for connecting two anchors in series or in parallel via a load with means for changing the direction of rotation of the armature,

Figure 14 - a table of values for the operation of the arrangement according to Fig. 13,

FIG. 15 shows another device for connecting two motor armatures in series or in parallel with a battery,

FIG. 16 is a table of values for FIG. 15,
Figure 1? a connection diagram for Fig. 15,

Figure 18 shows another device for connecting two batteries in series or in parallel with a motor armature,

FIG. 19 is a table of values for the mode of operation of the device according to FIG. 18,

FIG. 20 is a connection diagram for FIG. 18,

FIG. 21 is an explanatory illustration for the case of a variable Speed control,

FIG. 22 shows an arrangement for connecting two motor armatures in series or in parallel via a battery with a speed control, Polymarriage is the anchor regardless of the series or parallel connection,

FIG. 23 shows a device for connecting two batteries in series or in parallel with a motor armature and one speed control independent of the serial or parallel connection,

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FIG. 24 a modification of the arrangement according to FIG. 22,

FIG. 25 is a table of values for the operation of the arrangement according to Fig. 24-,

FIG. 26 shows a modification of the arrangement according to FIGS

FIG. 27 is a table of values for the operation of the arrangement according to Fig. 26.

In FIG. J, in which the same reference numerals as in the known arrangement according to FIG. 1 have been chosen for the same parts, the armature M of an electric motor is supplied with power by two batteries B1 and B2 in parallel or in series. The switch S3 has been retained between the connections T1 and T4-, the switches S1 and S2 after J ¹ Ig. However, Λ have been replaced by two simple diode rectifiers D1 and D2.

When switch S3 is closed, as shown, batteries B1 and B2 are in series, while the parallel paths are between the terminals T1 and T2 and between the terminals T3 and T4- is interrupted because the diodes D1 and D2 because of the Connection between terminals T1 and T4- via the closed Switch S3

are reverse biased because diode D1 is across battery B2 and diode D2 is across battery B1. If the switch S3 is opened, the diodes D1 and D2 conduct and connect the connections T1 and T2 and the connections Tp and T4- to one another and thus connect the batteries B1 and B2 in parallel.

In Fig. 4-, in the same parts as in the arrangement according to Fig.2 have the same reference numerals, two motor armatures M1 and M2 are like this arranged to receive power from a battery B and a speed control by connecting the armatures M1 and M2 is achieved either in series or in parallel. In this case, the switches S1 and S2 according to Fig. 2 are retained,

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while the switch S3 of FIG. 2 by a simple Diode rectifier D3 is replaced. With open switches S1 and S2 are, as shown, the anchors Mi and M2 in series via the diode D3. When switches S1 and S2 are connected together these connect the armatures M1 and M2 in parallel and at the same time provide a path for connecting the battery B through diode D3 so that it is reverse biased and a line via the serial path is prevented.

The arrangement according to FIG. 5 is essentially that in Pig.3 shown similarly except that additional batteries B3 and B4 are provided. Between the same terminals of the batteries B1 and B3, two more diodes D3 and D4- are provided while between the same connections of batteries B3 and B4 two further diodes D5 and D6 are provided. A serial path between the positive terminal of battery B3 and the negative connection of the battery B1 is provided via a switch S4, while a series path between the positive terminal of battery B4 and the negative terminal of the battery B3 is provided via a switch S5. As can be seen from the 3, all batteries B1 to B4 are connected in series when all switches S3 to S5 are closed, since the diodes D1 to D6 via the switches S3 to S5 made conductive Paths are biased in the reverse direction and therefore block.

In an analogous way, the device described in connection with Fig. 4- can be extended to more than two loads, which can be connected in series or in parallel.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 6 J., a generator G as a charging source for the batteries B1 and B2 with an arrangement connected, which is otherwise similar to the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 and the same reference numerals for the same

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Has parts. As can be seen, 'is a connection of the generator G connected directly to the terminal T4, while the other terminal of the generator G to the terminal T1 via a switch S4 is connected. The switch S4- is connected to the switch x S3 coupled so that when switch S3 is closed, the switch fabrics is and vice versa. The switch S4 is provided to prevent the switch S3 from short-circuiting the generator G, when switch S3 is closed to connect batteries B1 and B2 to armature M in series. How the 6, as far as the connection of the batteries B1 and B2 in series or in parallel with the armature M is concerned, corresponds otherwise that described in connection with FIG.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 7, which have the same reference numerals as the arrangement according to FIG. 3 for the same parts two batteries BI and B2 arranged, which are to be connected in series or in parallel with the armature M of an electric motor. The diodes D1 and D2 of the arrangement according to FIG. 3 are replaced by two thyristors S1 and S2, while the switch S3 by a set of thyristors S3 is replaced, which can interrupt the armature current. The use of a set of thyristors to interrupt a relatively high current is known per se.

Referring to Figure 8, there is a table of values for the operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 7. In this and the following table of values, a "1" means the conductive state, a "0" the non-conductive state, while a sloping bar in the upper right corner (as shown) of a section of the table of values indicates an initial process. From this it can be seen that to switch the "off" state to a parallel connection of batteries B1 and B2 triggered the thyristors S1 and S2 whereupon the thyristor S3 is reverse biased so that the same effect is obtained as if the switch S3 of FIG. 3 would be open.

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In order to switch from the parallel working method to the serial working method, the set of thyristors S3 is switched on (corresponds to the closed switch S3 in FIG. 3), which connects batteries B1 and B2 in series and biases thyristors S1 and S2 in reverse direction by batteries B1 and B2, respectively, so that the thyristors S1 and S2 are turned off.

To switch off from operating in series, the set of thyristors S3 is switched off, with thyristors S1 and S2 remain non-conductive. In order to switch off from the parallel mode of operation, the set of thyristors S3 »the one for parallel Mode of operation is non-conductive, switched on. This biases the thyristors S-I and S2 in the reverse direction and turns them off. Alternatively, the set of thyristors S3 can be switched on first to switch off from the parallel mode of operation, so that is switched to series work and the thyristors S1 and S2 are biased in the reverse direction and turn them off, and that subsequently the thyristor S3 is switched off, the thyristors S1 and S2 remaining non-conductive.

Although the table of values for S3 is shown as if there were a simple on / off switch, it does occur in practice when using a set of thyristors, there is often a transient state in which the switch is on for a period which is determined by the commutation components, after which it switches off

In Fig. 9 an arrangement similar to that in Fig. 7 is shown, they however, additionally has a bridge circuit formed from thyristors S4, S5, S6 and S7 for supplying the motor armature M. If the thyristors S4 and S5 are switched on together, Current flows in one direction to the armature M, while when the thyristors S6 and S7 are switched on together, the current in flows through the anchor M in the other direction.

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In the arrangement according to FIG. 10, in which the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4 are used for the same parts, there are two motor armatures Requires M1 and M2 connected in series or in parallel with battery B. The switches S1 and S2 of Fig.4-are replaced by sets of thyristors S1 and S2, which can interrupt the armature current. The diode Dp of Fig. 4- is replaced through a thyristor S3. The way the circle works according to FIG. 3 is shown in the table of values according to FIG. To switch from the off state to series operation, the Thyristor S3 triggered, which puts the armature Mi and M2 in series switched and the sets of thyristors S1 and S2 are reverse biased. In order to move from series production to To switch in parallel work, the sets of thyristors S1 and S2 are turned on, causing the armatures M1 and M2 in parallel connected and the thyristor S3 connected to the battery B, so that this thyristor is polarized in the reverse direction. In order to switch off the parallel work, the sentences of Thyristors S1 and S2 switched off, the thyristor S3 remaining in the non-conductive state. To get away from the series production off, the sets of thyristors S1 and S2 are switched on first to switch from series operation to parallel operation pass and then the sets of thyristors S1 and S2 are turned off, as if the one from the parallel work would be turned off.

In many drive systems, means are provided for increasing the field of an electric motor to supply the motor current Zero and thus reduce the speed. It is noted that with an arrangement as shown in Figs such a process causes an automatic switch-off of the thyristors, regardless of whether they are for series operation or Are connected in parallel. In some cases, however, the delay is due to the switching off by strengthening the motor field is peculiar, not acceptable and therefore it is desirable to use circuits with "reinforced commutation", as will be described below.

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In order to avoid excessively high motor currents when starting, it is customary to insert some resistance in the armature circuit, which is switched off for full power as the speed increases. The arrangement shown in Fig. 12 is in essentially similar to that shown in Fig. 10, in which like reference numerals are used for like parts, it has however, it also has a selectable armature resistance. To do this, a diode D is connected in series with a thyristor S4 Battery B switched. Between the connection of the diode D and the thyristor S4 there are three resistors R1, R2 and R3 in Series connected, the series R1 to R3 being bridged by a thyristor S5. The resistor R2 is through a thyristor S6, the resistor R3 is bridged by a thyristor S7. The starting process of the arrangement shown in Fig. 12 runs as follows from:

The thyristors S3 and S4- are turned on, so that both Anchors are connected to battery B in series with resistors R1 to R3. The thyristors S7, S6 and S5 are in that order switched on when the motor accelerates. This allows the armatures to work in series at maximum power. The startup process for parallel work is the following:

The thyristors S1, S2 and S4- are switched on, whereby the Armature in parallel and these are connected to battery B in series with the parallel combination with resistors R1 to R3. Again, the thyristors S7, S6 and S5 are switched on in this order, at time intervals as the motor accelerates. To switch it off, the motor field is strengthened, whereby all thyristors switch off. The motor field can then be reversed Both armatures are connected in series with the resistors R1, R2 and R3 via D and the thyristor S3 in series the thyristor S3 is switched on to enable resistance braking. The diode D acts as a protective device and can be omitted in some cases. she

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however, should remain in the circuit when resistive braking is used.

13 is an arrangement in accordance with the present invention shown, through which two armatures can be connected in series or in parallel, allowing a choice between the switching states "Series forward", "Series backward", "parallel forward" and "parallel backward" are possible. The motor anchors are with Wed and M2, while the field winding for the armature M1 is denoted by F1 and the field winding for the armature M2 is denoted by F2. The connections of the anchor Mi and M2 are with each connection of the Battery B connected through a network of thyristors S-I to S6. Armatures M1 and M2 are connected in series with thyristors S3 and S4 being the common point between the two Connect armatures M1 and M2 to the opposite terminals of the battery. The current through the field winding F1 and F2 is indicated by the arrows IF-I and IF2. To achieve the In the "series forward" state, the thyristors S1 and S6 are switched on, whereby the thyristors S2 to S5 are biased in the reverse direction, while the directions of the field currents IF-I and IF2 are maintained in the same direction. The thyristors S2 and S 5 switched on, causing the thyristors Si, S3, S4 and S6 in the reverse direction be biased. The direction of the field currents IF1 and IF2 are again the same. For "parallel forward" operation the thyristors S2, S3 and S6 are switched on, whereby the thyristors S1, S4 and S5 are biased in the reverse direction. In in this case the direction of one of the field currents IF1 is reversed. For the operation "parallel backwards" the thyristors S1, S4 · and S5 switched on, whereby the thyristors S2, S3 and S6 are reverse biased while at the same time the field current IF-I is reversed with respect to the field current IF2.

A table of values for the above-described operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 14-. In many cases

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len in which two anchors are provided have this one common field arrangement and it is not possible to reverse one field current with respect to the other. The in connection device described with Fig. 15 overcomes this Difficulty as it does not depend on the reversal of a field current.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 15, two motor armatures are again designated by M1 and M2. The connections of the armature M1 is to the positive pole of battery B via thyristors S1 and

52 connected. The windings of the armature M1 are also with the opposite connections of the armature M2 via thyristors

53 and S4 and with the same connections of the armature M2 over Thyristors S5 and S6 connected. The connections of the armature M2 are also connected to the negative pole of the battery B. Thyristors S7 and S8 connected. The mode of operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 14 is illustrated with reference to the table of values in FIGS. 16 and of the connection diagrams in Fig. 17 are explained. For the "series forward" state, the thyristors S1, S4 and S8 are switched on (Diagram 1). For operation "series backwards" the thyristors S2, S3 and S7 are switched on (diagram 2). For the "parallel forward" operation, the thyristors S1, S5 »S6 and S8 are switched on (diagram 3). For the business The thyristors S2, S5, S6 and S7 are switched on "parallel backwards" (diagram 4 ·). The transition occurs at this circle from low to high speed (i.e. series to parallel) when thyristors S5 and S6 are turned on and each the thyristors S3 and S4, which were previously switched on, be biased in the blocking direction. A renewed increase in the field current leads to the "Off" state, as does the arrangement is.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 18, two batteries B1 and B2 are connected in parallel or in series with a motor armature in order to reduce ν Forward operation or reverse operation to be provided. The batteries

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B1 and B2 are connected in series when the positive terminal T1 of the battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal T2 of the battery B2 via a thyristor S9. With the battery B2 two pairs of thyristors S1 and S3 and S2 and S4- are connected. In a similar manner, two pairs of thyristors S5 and S7 and S6 and S8 are connected to the battery B1. One connection of the motor armature M is connected to points P1 and P2, which are between the thyristors S1 and S3 or between the thyristors S 5 and 37 lie. The other connection of the armature M is with Points P3 and P4 connected between the thyristors S2 and S4 or the thyristors S6 and S8.

The working of the circle for "parallel forward", 'parallel backwards "," series forwards "and" series backwards "is illustrated in the table of values in FIG. 20, while the various Connections are shown in the connection diagram of FIG are.

For "parallel forward" the thyristors are §1, S4, S5 and S8 switched on, which connect the two batteries in parallel in one sense to the motor M, while at the same time the other thyristors be pre-tensioned in the blocking direction (diagram 5)

For the operation "parallel backwards" the thyristors S2, S3, S6 and S7 are switched on, whereby the two batteries B1 and B2 are connected in parallel with the motor M in the other sense, while at the same time the other thyristors in the reverse direction preloaded (diagram 6).

The thyristors Si, S8 and S9 switched on, which connect the two batteries in series to the motor M in one sense, while the rest Thyristors are reverse biased (diagram 7)

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For the operation "series backwards" the thyristors S2, S7 and S9 are switched on, which the batteries in series with connect the motor M in the opposite sense, while at the same time the remaining thyristors are reverse biased (Diagram 8).

In the case of the arrangements made in connection with the iig. 15 and 18 is precaution for the reversal of the

to the

Connection with / motor armature made and the change of connection from series to parallel acts to control the speed at which the armature rotates. It is also possible, to build in a power control that allows for intermittent changes in speed. This can be done by interruption of the armature current can be achieved at a high frequency, as can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. Around to obtain this effect in a device described in connection with FIG. 15, where two anchors M1 and M2 in Connected in series or in parallel, in one sense or another with a battery, thyristors S9 and S10 can be used together with an inductance L and a capacitance C as shown in FIG. For the rest of FIG. 15 have the same Parts in Fig. 22 have the same reference numbers. As can be seen is the thyristor S9 connected in series with a thyristor S1 and a thyristor S1O in series with a thyristor S2. The inductance L and the capacitance 0 extend in series from a common point between the thyristors S1 and S9 and a common one Point between thyristors S2 and S10.

The operation of the circuit of FIG. 22 is essentially the same as that of FIG. 14 insofar as the selection of the states is concerned "Series forward", "Series backward", "parallel forward", "parallel backward" are concerned. In addition, the thyristors S9 and S10 are switched on and off together in the manner as shown in FIG and M2 flowing current be it to be controlled in series or in parallel and thus to provide a variable speed control.

709810/0266

In Fig. 23 an arrangement for connecting two batteries B1 and B2 in series or in parallel with a motor armature M is shown, which is similar to that shown in FIG. 18, but which additionally has means for controlling the mean armature current from batteries B1 and B2. The same reference numerals are used for the same parts as in FIG. How to As can be seen, the thyristor S9 of Fig. 18 is omitted and the pair of thyristors S1 and S3 are in series with the pair of thyristors S5 and S7 via another pair of thyristors S9 and S10 connected while the pair of thyristors S2 and S4- in series is connected to the pair of thyristors S6 and S8 through another pair of thyristors S11 and S12. The common point between the thyristors S9 and S10 is with the common point between the thyristors S11 and S12 through the series- circuit of an inductance L and capacitance 0 connected. So far it concerns the selection of the operation "parallel forwards", "parallel backwards", "series forwards" and "series backwards", the circle operates as already described in connection with FIG. In addition, however, the thyristors S9 to S12 are and turned off as shown in Fig. 21 to vary the average current supplied by batteries B1 and B2, whatever their state and purpose of connection with the armature M, and thus to vary the speed of rotation of the armature.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 24 is essentially that of FIG 22 and the same reference numerals are used for the same parts, but diodes D1 to D6 have been added. The diode D1 is connected to the thyristors S1O and S2, the diode D2 to the thyristor S6, the diode D3 to the Thyristor S8, the diode D4 · to the thyristors S9 and S1, the Diode D5 is connected to the thyristor S5 and the diode D6 connected to the thyristor S7 switched. The addition of diodes D1 to D6 enables the Bach connections to be changed "parallel forward" from "series" forward "and also after" parallel backward "from" series backward ". The table of values according to FIG.

709810/0266

wise of the circle. In this and the following ^w ertetabelle the presence of an inclined bar shows in the upper right corner of a section of the panel a transition state at the beginning, while a slant bar indicate to the top left corner of a portion of a Kommutationsübergang.

When the "series forwards" operating mode is switched on from "off", the thyristors S1, S3, S8 and S9 are switched on. To the Switching to the state "parallel forward" from "series forward", the thyristors S5 and S6 are switched on, whereby the thyristors "S1, S3 and S8 remain switched on, but the thyristor S9 is biased in the reverse direction. To from Switching off the "parallel forward" mode, the thyristor S2 is switched on, whereupon the thyristors S1, S5, S6 and S8 are biased in the reverse direction. To select the "Series backwards" operating mode based on the status "Off" the thyristors S1, S4, S7 and S10 are switched on. When changing from the operating mode "series backwards" to "parallel backwards", the thyristors S5 and S6 are switched on, the thyristors S2, S3 and S7 remain conductive, the thyristor S1O is however biased in the reverse direction. To switch off the "parallel backwards" mode of operation, the thyristor S1 is switched on, whereby the thyristors S2, S4, S5i S6 and S? be biased in the blocking direction.

The arrangement of FIG. 26 is essentially a modification of the arrangement shown in FIG To allow "series forwards" mode of operation from "parallel forwards" and "series backwards" from "parallel backwards". The same parts as in FIG. 23 are provided with the same reference numerals in FIG. As can be seen, the modification exists in the bridging of the thyristors S1, S2, S7 and S8 by diode rectifiers D-I or D2 or D3 or D4-. Additionally a diode D5 is provided to connect the series circuit of the

70981 0/0266

2649644

Bridge thyristors S9 and SiO. All diodes D1 to D5 are opposite to the thyristor or in the case of the diode D5 polarized to the thyristors to which they are connected.

Fig. 27 is a table of values for the operation of Fig. 26; from which it can be seen that when the "parallel forward" mode of operation is selected from the "off" state, the thyristors S1, S4, S5 and SO must be switched on. When the operating mode "parallel forward" changes to "series forward", the thyristors S9 and S11 turned on, what the thyristors S4 and S5 in Reverse biases, while the thyristors S1 and S8 remain in the conductive state. When switching off "series forward" the thyristor S12 is switched on, whereby the thyristors S1, S8, S9 and SH are biased in the reverse direction will. The thyristors S2, S3, S6 and S7 are switched on during the transition from the "off" state to "parallel backwards". When changing from the operating mode "parallel backwards" to "series backwards", the thyristors S10 and S12 are switched on, which biases the thyristors S3 and S6 in the reverse direction, the thyristors S2 and S7 remain conductive. When "series backwards" is switched off, the thyristor S11 is switched on, whereby the thyristors S2, S7, SiO and S12 in Blocking direction are biased.

The diodes D1 to D6 of the arrangement according to FIG. 24 and the diodes D1 to D5 of the arrangement according to Fig. 26 are protective devices, provide the AC voltage paths and allow the thyristors to which they are connected to turn off quickly without there is a risk of destructive overvoltages due to the inductive currents flowing in L and 0. The diodes allow the inductive energy to go to the battery or batteries traced back.

- claims

709810/0266

Claims (20)

Claims Control device having a first and second pair of terminals and means for connecting these pairs of terminals in series or parallel configuration, characterized in that these means comprise an _n and . Combination of preload responsive / switching with changeable conductivity ble facilities (D1, D2, S3) / have in which a Change of the bias voltage for at least one of these devices (D1, D2) in a path, its conductivity state should be changed to reflect the series / parallel state of the connection between these pairs of connections (T1, ü? 3 and T2, T4 ·) to change is effected by a change the state of at least one switchable device (S3) which is also located in a path, its conductivity state should be changed to the series / parallel state of the connection between said pairs of connectors to change. 2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that each responsive to bias Device with changeable conductivity and each switchable device a triggerable unilaterally conductive device like a thyristor is. 3 · Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for two either in series or direct current energy sources (B1, B2) to be switched in parallel with respect to a load (M) two parallel connection paths between connections (Ti, T2 and T3 »T4-) of these sources, which are of the same polarity, it is provided that each path has a unilaterally conductive "device (D1, D2) and a series path extending between a terminal (T1) of the one source (B1) of one polarity and 709810/0266 a terminal (T4 ·) of the other source (B2) of the other polarity and which has a switchable device (S3) that when the switchable device (S3) is open, the two sources (B1, B2) are connected in parallel via the unilaterally conductive devices (D1, D2), and that when conductive is switchable Device (S3) both sources (B1, B2) are connected in series and that voltage from a source (Bi) to a unilaterally conductive one Means (D2) for generating a reverse voltage is applied and that the voltage of the other source (B2) to the another unilaterally conductive device (D1) for generating a reverse voltage is applied, whereby both unilaterally conductive Devices (D1, D2) are kept non-conductive (Fig. 3) · 4-. Control device according to claim 3 »characterized in that a chain of direct current energy sources is provided (Fig. 4 ·). 5 «Control device according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the sources (B1, B2) are batteries which be connected in series or in parallel to the armature (M) of an electric motorssfor driving purposes with electric To supply energy. 6. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two polarity-sensitive loads (M1, M2) are provided, which are supplied by a direct current source (B) either in series or in parallel, that parallel paths between the connections (T1, T2 and T3, T4 ·) of the loads (Ml, M2) in one Plurality are provided that each parallel path contains a switchable device (S1, S2) in the form of means through the line can be interrupted in a path that a series path is provided between a terminal (Ti) of the one Load (M-I) and the connection (T4-) of opposite polarity the other load (M2) that this serial path is a unilateral 709810/0266 2649644 contains conductive device (Dp), whereby when the switchable devices (S1, S2) are open, the two loads (M1, M2) connected in series to the direct current source (B) via the unilaterally conductive device (D3) ^ that with conductive switchable devices (S1, S2) the two loads (Mi, M2) parallel to the direct current source (B), and that the switchable devices (S1, S2) are unilaterally conductive Connect the device to the direct current source (B) in order to bias it in the reverse direction and thus interrupt the series path (Fig. 5) 7 «Control device according to claim 3> characterized in that a generator (G) for charging the Direct current sources (B1, B2) are provided that the generator (G) with opposite ends of the series path (T1 to T4) that a switchable device (S4) between one end (Ti) of the serial path (T1 to T4) and one terminal of the generator (G) is inserted, that this switchable device (S4) is switched so that it is open when the switchable device (S3) in the series path (T1 to T4) is conductive and vice versa in order to avoid the series path (T1 to T4) the generator (G) short-circuits when the switchable device (S3) in the series path (T1 to T4 ·) is closed to the direct current sources (B1, B2) to be connected in series (Fig. 6). 8. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that two direct current sources (B1, B2) so are connected that they are connected to a load (M) in series or in parallel, that two parallel paths between the connections (ΊΜ, T2 and T3, T4) of the direct current sources (B1, B2) of the same polarity, that each parallel path has a thyristor (S1, S2), and that a series path between one connection (Ti) of the one direct current source (Bi) and a connection (T4) of the other source (B2) from opposite 709810/0266 25A9644 set conductivity is provided that the series path one or a set of triggerable unilaterally conductive devices (S3) which, when triggered, the by the load (M) can interrupt the current drawn (Fig. 7) 9- control device according to claim 1, characterized in that two polarity-sensitive loads (M1, M2) are connected so that they are in series or parallel to a DC voltage source (B) that two parallel Paths between the load terminals (T1, T2 and T3, T4-) of the same polarity are provided that the parallel paths each have one or a set of triggerable unilateral containing conductive devices (S1, S2), which can interrupt the load current, that a series path between a Connection (Ti) of a load (Ml) and the connection (T4) of opposite polarity of the other load (M2) is provided that the series path is a triggerable unilaterally conductive Device (S) contains, whereby the loads (Mi, M2) from the "Off" state by triggering the device (S3) in the series path can be connected in series so that the loads (M1, M2) by triggering the device or devices (S1, S2) can be switched from parallel work to series work in the parallel paths, and that the loads (M1, M2) switched off by switching off the device or devices (S1, S2) in the parallel paths from the parallel work can be (Fig. 10). 10. Control device according to claim 9 »thereby g e k e η η ζ ei c h η e t that the polarity-sensitive loads (M1, M2) of the armature of one provided with a twin armature winding are electrical machines that are connected in series or in parallel to a direct current source (B) to avoid that excessive motor currents means (R1 to R3, S 5 to S7) are provided are, whereby resistance in series between the equal 709810/0266 power source (B) and the armature (Mi, M2) during takeoff can be switched on, and that the resistance can be removed as the speed of the armature increases (Fig. 12). 11. Control device according to claim 10, characterized in that the means consists of a combination from a series of resistors (R1 to R3), which are triggered by unilaterally conductive devices (35 to S7) are bridged, and that this combination in series with a triggerable unilateral Häfenden device (S4) between one connection of the direct current source (B) and the armatures (W, M2). 12. Control device according to claim 11, characterized in that a diode (D) between the connection the latter device (S4 ·) and the combination (R1 to R3, S5 to S7) and the connection of the direct current source (B) is from the opposite pole. 13 · Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that two polarity-sensitive loads (M1, M2) provided in the form of two armatures of an electrical machine provided with a twin armature winding are connected in series or in parallel to a direct current source (B) that the armature (Mi, M2) in series are connected that a common point between the two armatures (M1, M2) with each pole of the direct current source (B) via triggerable unilateral guiding devices (S3 »S4 ·) is connected that the free connections of the two armatures (M1, M2) with each pole of the direct current source via a triggerable unilaterally conductive device (S1, S2 and S5, S6) are connected that all these devices in are polarized in the same direction in the series paths that are passed by pairs of devices (S1, S2 and S3, S4 and S5, S6), 70981 0/0266 25436AA which are connected to the direct current source (B), and that means for reversing the current in an armature (Ml) assigned field winding (F1) with respect to the current in the field winding assigned to the other armature (M2) of the two anchors
winding (F2) / are provided (Fig. 13). 14. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that two polarity-sensitive loads (M1, M2) are connected in series or in parallel with a DC voltage source (B) that two loops with the DC source (B) are connected, so that each loop has three triggerable unilaterally conductive devices (S2, S6, S8 and S1, S5> S7) in. Series contains that a connection of a load (Ml) between the first (S2) and the second Device (S6) is connected in a loop that the other terminal of the same load (Ml) between the first (Si) and second device (S5) in. The other loop is connected that a connection of the other load (M2) between the second (S6) and third device (S8) in the other loop is connected that the other terminal of this other load (M2) between the second (S5) and third device (S7) in. The other loop is connected that a connection of the first load (Ml) via a series path with a triggerable unilaterally conductive device (S3) with the opposite terminal of the other load (M2) is connected and that the other connection of the first load (Ml) via a series path with a triggerable unilaterally conductive device (S4) is connected to the remaining terminal of the other load (M2) (Fig. 15). 15 · Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that two direct current sources (B1, B2) are provided, which are connected in series or in parallel with a load (M) that a connection (T1) of a source (Bi) 709810/0266 to the opposite terminal (T2) of the other source (B2) is connected via a series path containing a triggerable unilaterally conductive device (S9) that two Pairs of unilaterally conductive devices (S1, S3 and S2, S4-; S5, S7 and S6, S8) with each DC voltage source (B2, B1) are connected that a connection of the load (M) both with a point between the two devices (S5, S7) a pair connected to a source (Bi) and one with a point between the two devices (S1, S3) Pair connected to the other source (B2) that the other terminal of the load (M) both with a point between the two devices (S6., S8) of the other connected to a source (Bi) as well as to one Point between the two devices (S2, S4) of the other pair connected to the other source (B2) (Fig. 18). 16. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means for interruption the supply of electricity from the source or sources to the load or loads are provided, thereby the mean value the current flowing to the load or loads can be changed. 17 · Control device according to claim 15 »characterized in that the one. Connection of one source (Bi) serial path (S9) connecting to the opposite terminal of the other source (B2) is omitted, and that each pair (S1, S3 and S2, S4) of the triggerable, unilateral conductive devices, which is connected to a source (B1), in series with a pair (S5 »S7 and S6, S8) triggerable unilaterally conductive facilities are connected, which is connected to the other source (B2) by a further pair (S9 »31O and S11, S12). Of unilateral leading institutions 709810/0266 connected is' that the common point between the two Devices (S9, S10) of another pair with the common point between the two devices (S11, S12) the further pair is connected by the series combination of an inductance (L) and a capacitance (C) (Fig. 23). 18. Control device according to claim 17 »characterized in that one of the further pairs of devices (S9) S1O) is bridged by a diode rectifier (D5), and that each of the mentioned pairs of devices (S1, S2, S7jS8), which are connected to the sources that are furthest from the corresponding further pair (S9 » S10 and S11, S12) are removed from devices, are connected, bridged by a diode rectifier (D1, D2, D3, D4) are that all diode rectifiers (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) opposite to the device (S1, S2, S7, S8) or the pair (S9 »810) of devices are polarized with to which they are connected (Fig. 26). 19 «Control device according to claim 14, characterized in that a further unilaterally conductive Device (S9, S1O) in each loop adjacent to one Connection of the sources is connected and that the series combination of a capacitance (0) and an inductance (L) with a point between an additional device (S9) and the next device (S1) within the loop and a point between the other additional device (S1O) and the next device (S2) in its loop is connected that means are provided for the simultaneous switching on and off of these additional devices, to control the mean value of the current delivered from source (B) to loads (M1, M2) (Fig. 709810/0266 20. Control device according to claim 19> characterized in that on the series combination each additional Device (S9 or S10) and the next device (S 1 or S2) in each loop and on, each other Device (S6, S8 and S5, S7) a diode rectifier (D1, D2, D ?, D4, D5, D6) is located in each loop, and that every diode rectifier is opposed to the device or devices it bridges, is polarized. 7 0 9 8 10/0266 Blank page