DE2547708A1 - ARM CAGE - Google Patents

Description

LM 3386

Robert i ¹ . Heinz, Gladwin / USA

Reinforcement cage

The invention relates to a tubular, lattice-shaped wire reinforcement cage for concrete pipes and the like Constructions.

While the possible applications are generally in reinforced concrete structures, the present invention relates primarily to the construction of reinforcement cages for concrete pipes. Such a tube can usually have any diameter between about 0.3 and 4.9 m or more _; and it is usually made in portions of axial lengths normally between about 1.2 and 4.9 m. The most suitable pipe designs are provided at one end with a bell-shaped mouth which is dimensioned so that it can receive the inside of the end of a neighboring pipe section, so that sealed connections between adjacent pipe sections can be achieved.

Since concrete can only withstand a relatively low stress load, it is common practice to use a such a pipe with a lattice-shaped wire armoring cage to reinforce or reinforce the during the shaping or during the formation of the pipe in the concrete is embedded. The cage is generally made of a grid-shaped wire mesh or the like, the

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is shaped into the overall shape approximately that of the pipe section and is dimensioned so that the cage in the finished pipe is completely embedded in the concrete is * Such cages are known in various designs.

Since a composite reinforcement cage is cumbersome to transport in a large number, are such cages are usually manufactured in the pipe manufacturing factory and cannot be changed. Almost all of these cages are through constructed one of two methods. The most commonly used process is a wire mesh product, that is bought in rolls or flat mats, rolled or shaped into the desired tube shape and then welded together along an axially extending seam line to form the desired tubular shape. This method has certain problems in the cage sections with a bell-shaped opening or a kind of sleeve must be formed, as the bell-shaped opening or the sleeve part of the cage has a different one Must get diameter as the main part.

Another method sometimes used is to place axially extending wire rods on a mold and a wire extending in the circumferential direction becomes helical around the axial wires wound around, whereupon the individual points of intersection between the axial and helical wires be welded together.

Whereas a reinforcement cage of cylindrical shape is normally used for pipes with a relatively small diameter is used, the stresses and economics in connection with pipes with larger diameters, especially with relatively thick-walled types, such as

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that the cages have a more refined and complex construction require. When a pipe of circular cross-section is put in place on its one side then the loads applied to the pipe are such that there is a tendency to flatten it into a flatter shape

to press elliptical cross-section. The existing stresses are particularly large at the top and bottom sections of the pipe during the stresses in the opposing Seiton sections, i.e. in the Cross-section of the tube seen and compared to a clock face - in the three o'clock and nine o'clock sections are considerably smaller, the concrete on the outside of the pipe in the twelve o'clock and Six o'clock sections on print and on the insides these two sections are under tension while it is in the three o'clock and nine o'clock sections behaves in exactly the opposite way. The cross-sectional shape is used to compensate for this last-mentioned effect of the cage sometimes made elliptical, this

elliptical IOrm within the pipe is oriented in such a way that that the cage is closer to those surfaces of the pipe where the stresses occur. The change in the magnitude of the stresses between the top and side sections of the pipe will sometimes occur counteracted by the fact that additional reinforcements are provided on the cage in the section areas where the greater stresses occur.

Where thick-walled tubes are used, two or more concentric cages can be used, whereby the inner and outer cages are connected to one another in places by radially extending bracing rods will.

From the foregoing it should be evident that a construction of cages of the somewhat more complicated Type of edits, techniques and execution skills

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may require that not without v / pus in a Plant or factory whose main function is the manufacture of concrete products can be easily reached. The manufacture of cages in specialized factories where the production capacity is based on specialized processing and could be based on simplified execution, the transport costs of the finished cages were gone not yet feasible. Usual or known cages of the same size cannot be nested for transport are set or compressed, and thus they have a disproportionately high volume-to-weight ratio for transport or shipping purposes, with the fact that the cages during transport and handling can be deformed.

The invention is therefore particularly directed to a cage making technique directed through the production of complex cage shapes or cages with bell-shaped Muzzle or socket parts is simplified and thereby a more effective use of cage material is possible by having different dimensions (thicknesses) or patterns of wires in different areas within the Cage are used in accordance with those to be captured local stress requirements, and also a transport or shipping prefabricated Cage parts in compact, self-stiffening, nested Bundling or stacking should be possible.

The invention is characterized in that the tubular cage consists of a first and a second pair of preformed, previously assembled parts from wire elements extending in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction is assembled, wherein the first pair of lattice parts has the same structure and the crown or Form sole quadrants of a tubular cage, the second pair of grid parts also being the same Structure and the opposing connections

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Forming quadrants of the tubular cage, the first pair of grid parts have substantially greater stress amplification properties in the circumferential direction as the second pair of lattice parts.

According to the invention, wire mesh reinforcement cages are used for concrete pipes or similar structures produced by the fact that they are in the pipe manufacturing factory from a Number of prefabricated cage parts are finally assembled, each of which is a peripheral segment of the Finished, annular cage forms when you look at it in its axial seal. For the most Concrete pipes with a standard circular cross-section, an annular cage is preferably made of four prefabricated Assembled parts with approximately the same sheet dimensions (as will be explained in more detail below). However, it can be used for very small cages, especially large cages (approx. 3 m and more in diameter), for cages without bell-shaped mouths or for constructions with other than circular cross-sections a smaller one or a larger number of prefabricated, segment-like parts are preferred.

The prefabrication of individual cage parts, the peripheral segments of a finished, ring-shaped cage for forming circular or substantially circular concrete pipes offer several significant advantages.

As has already been explained above, sie change the stress values of a concrete pipe circular cross-section in the circumferential direction of the pipe. When the stresses are analyzed, the pipe usually - seen in cross section - divided into quadrants, commonly referred to as the "crown" (a quadrant that

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compared to the face of a watch centered at the 12 o'clock position), as "sole" (a quadrant ^ the is centered in the six o'clock position) and referred to as connecting or "jumping" quadrants, which are centered at the three o'clock and nine o'clock positions.

Although the term "quadrant" is used, the angle over which a single "quadrant" extends can mean in practice a little less or a little more than 90 ο.

If the pipe is laid in such a way that its axis extends in the horizontal direction, then occur - as already stated above - the maximum stresses in the crown and bottom sections of the pipe; if the reinforcement cage consists of four prefabricated cage parts is composed, (one part for the crown, one part for the sole and two parts for the connections) then the crown and sole parts can easily be made with a heavier and more extensive armored construction than it is used in comparison to the associated resilient (connecting parts). Since continue the stresses change, from a maximum tension on the inside in the twelve o'clock and six o'clock positions to a maximum compressive stress on the inside of the three o'clock and nine o'clock positions, the minimum tension force is about halfway between these four points, and thus the connection between the quadrant parts in the assembled cage can be in the areas of the least Stress lie.

The construction with prefabricated arched parts can still be easily adapted to designs of

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Cages can be adapted with Jeüntischem ijuschnitt, in which the crown and sole parts with a first degree of curvature and the jumping parts with another K ^ ürmunfscirad are shaped.

The construction of cages with enlarged diameters, Bell-shaped mouths or with in diameter reduced, centering pin-like training is greatly simplified in the same V / eise, since these sections simply with arcuate wires of the desired arcuate shape in accordance with the present invention collapsed, while common one-piece, aerolite wire mesh cages SO require special techniques by a section ^ -it reduced or enlarged To form diameter.

Dip owns prefabricated ses-mont construction also an essential advantage for the purpose of d ^ r Laperung and the transport or the shipping, there equal parts in nested or nested State can be stacked, which means that they require a small amount of space.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it

1 shows a side view of a reinforcement cage according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a prefabricated part of a cage from FIG. 1; FIG.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a circular Tube, for the purpose of representing a cylindrical cage, which consists of four individual

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manufactured parts of the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is constructed;

Fig. 4- is an end view of a cage part according to FIG Figures 1 and 2;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view through a cylindrical Tube representing an elliptical cage made according to the invention is;

6 shows a cross-sectional view (according to a radial plane) of an individual part, for illustration of two cage parts in a stacked, assembled state;

Figure 7 is a detailed end view of the cage parts

according to FIG. 6, corresponding to line 7-7 in FIG. 6;

Figure 8 is a detailed cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 in Figure 6;

Figure 9 is an end view of a detail of a modification the invention;

Fig. 10 is an end view similar to Fig. 9 for illustration the composite relationship between two cage parts;

FIG. 11 shows a side view of the detail in FIG. 10.

The present invention is particularly well suited for the construction of tubular reinforcement cages from wire or Rod parts suitable, which are put together to form a lattice-like reinforcement structure. A predominant,

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However, the use of such cages is not the only means of reinforcing or reinforcing concrete pipes (e.g. B. Prestressed concrete pipes) with a large diameter, the reinforcement cages in some cases particularly sophisticated Require constructions and complex designs. The present invention is particularly concerned with a technique for constructing such cages that is easily adaptable to changes in cage design and which in many cases greatly simplifies the construction process and saves material. As the present invention Manufactures individual cage sections with such shapes that they are easily nested and for the The invention further enables the cage to be constructed with ease and in particular can be carried out for the purpose where specialized machining and mass production facilities, which go beyond the means of the conventional pipe manufacturing factory can be.

According to the invention, a complete tubular Reinforcement cage produced by first prefabricating a number of individual cage parts, of which each is adapted to form a peripheral segment of the complete cage. Such a single cage section or portion, generally designated IO, is illustrated in Figs. In the example of the Figures 1-4 have the particular cage illustrated a substantially cylindrical shape to be used with a round concrete pipe, the one at one end has a conventionally shaped bell-shaped mouth. The individual cage part 10 shown in FIGS. 2 and A. is constructed from a plurality of arcuately shaped wire or rod members 12 which are axially spaced and coaxial with each other are composed by a plurality of axially extending

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Wire or rod elements 14, which are welded to the wire elements 12 at each crossing point or to others Way are attached. At the end of the cage part 10 to be arranged in the bell mouth of the finished pipe is, the axially extending wire elements 14 are formed with a radially outwardly tapered portion 16, the main body of a wire element 14 in one piece with a parallel and radially offset end portion 18 connects. One or more arcuate wire elements 19 are welded to the offset end portions 18, these arcuate wires 19 have a larger radius of curvature than the arcuate ones Wires 12, but they have a common central axis with the wires 12.

In the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 4- is the complete cage composed of four individual cage parts, and the curvature of the arched wires 12 and 19 are such that they extend over an angle between 75 and 105 ° about the central axis of curvature dragging around.

1 shows an assembled cage in which four parts 10, 10a are welded together at their welds W. so that they form a composite, substantially cylindrical structure. the end Reasons yet to be explained are the stresses exerted on the pipe in its installed state not uniform around the pipe circumference, and therefore the composite cage shown in Fig. 1 is made of two identical and diametrically opposed parts 10 and two identical, diametrically opposed parts Parts 10 A produced; the parts 10A differ from the construction of the parts 10 in that

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every second wire or every second wire element 12 along of the main body of the part 10A is omitted.

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the assembled cage of Figure 1 embedded in a concrete pipe is.

In the view of Fig. 3 it can be assumed that the pipe is in its final installation position, in which it is buried in the ground, with an axis extending horizontally. When buried Pipe, the load applied to the pipe consists essentially of forces acting in the vertical direction, what is indicated by the directional arrows F and Fl. Those illustrated schematically by arrow F applied Forces are essentially made up of the weight of the pipe itself connected with that of the earth, which is going down presses on the top of the tube, while a counterforce acts in the upward direction at Fl. It seems obvious that the vertical crushing pressure, thus applied to the pipe would tend to make the pipe into an elliptical shape to flatten, in which the total vertical dimension of the tube according to the circular shape of FIG. 3 is reduced and the horizontal dimension would be increased. Since concrete is relatively stable against pressure loads and is relatively weak to stresses, are the areas where stresses are stressed exist, of major interest, from the point of view of reinforcement. By imagining that in Fig. 3 The illustrated circular tube contracts in the vertical direction into a horizontally elongated elliptical shape it can be seen that the tension forces on the inside of the pipe in the upper and in the lower

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direct section are present and that they are in the same way on the outside of the tube on the opposite Pages are present.

Thus, the required reinforcement effect is anchor-top and at the bottom of the tube larger than that needed along the opposite sides, and at Assembling the reinforcement cage from the quarter parts 10, the cage parts are oriented so that the cage parts 10 at the crown (upper) and the sole quadrants (floor quadrants) are arranged in terms of position, these Quadrants - seen in the pipe cross-section and compared to a clock face - in the twelve and six o'clock positions are centered, while the less strong reinforcement cage parts 10 A the connecting or? jumping " Form quadrants centered at the mash and nine o'clock positions. By omitting the second curved one Reinforcing wire element 12 from the quadrant part 10 A \ tfree a considerable material saving is achieved, while at the same time achieving adequate reinforcement of the jumping quadrants; the crown and sole parts, which are made from the quarter parts 10 can be reinforced. Optionally, different Wire dimensions for the crown and sole parts on the one hand and the jumping parts on the other.

It should be noted that with such statements it is necessary to mark the top of the pipe, which is quite common in practice, as in many cases Cages with an elliptical cross-sectional configuration are used, as is also shown in FIG. In Fig. 5 is the cage having an elliptical cross section made of two identical crown and sole parts 20 and two identical jumping parts 20A. The overall construction the cage parts 20 and 20 a is the construction

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tion of the cage parts 10 similar, being arcuate Elements 22 secured in a curved lattice arrangement by axially extending elements 24 are welded to the elements 22 at various crossing points. Where a cage with ellptic cross-section is used, are the axially extending reinforcement wires 24 of the crown and sole parts preferably to the arcuate elements welded on the outer or convex side, while the elements 24 A in the jumping parts 20 A on the Inside or concave side of the cage part are welded. With this arrangement, the axial wires in placed on the thicker side of the concrete shell.

In the cylindrical cage design of FIGS. 1 to 4, the circumferential dimension or extent of the individual Parts about 90 °; in the elliptical cross-section of the

5, the angular dimension of the crown and sole parts 20 is slightly less than 90 °, while the angled extension the jumping parts 20 A is enlarged accordingly.

The present invention is particularly well designed to provide cages of the construction shown in FIG to form by the arcuate wire elements or wires 22 and 22 A according to a shape arcuately shaped can be used to match the true e & iptic curve shape follow. In conventional practice, cages with an elliptical cross-section are often simply formed by that oil is made in a cylindrical cage and then flattened or flattened to approximate it deform elliptical shape.

The multiple or series prefabricated parts production is with a cage of the shape according to Fig.

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5 also advantageous in that it is a simple matter is to arrange the axial wires 24, 24 A on the convex or concave sides of the arcuate wires.

The individual cage parts can be in an assembled or nested state for the purpose of Shipment can be stacked, in a manner as shown in the cross-sectional view of the Pig. 6 illustrates is. Since the individual cage parts have a defined radial thickness, the parts will not fit exactly into one another. because the radius of the part on its convex side is larger than the radius on its concave side Side by an amount equal to the sum of the diameters of the arcuate and axial wires. In 4, the dimensions of the cage parts are shown somewhat exaggerated in order to illustrate this problem more clearly demonstrate.

In Fig. 6, a generally designated 30 cage part is stacked on a similar cage part 30 '. An arcuate member 32 of cage member 30 is illustrated having radially extending wire members 34 and 36 attached thereto. It should be noted that when parts 30 and 30 ¹ are in the mating engagement shown in FIG of the cage part 30 is at a distance above the cage part 30 'and is not in contact with it. Since it is desired to stack a relatively large number of cage parts in a single stack, it is desirable that the individual parts in stacks be adequately supported, otherwise the weight of the stack would tend to be in the area

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straighten parts located at the bottom of a stack or increase their radius of curvature.

To prevent such an occurrence, each cage part is provided with a number of staple wires 38, which have a diameter chosen so that the necessary support of a cage part on another in is given near the arc center portion of the cage. In Fig. 6 is a staple wire 38, which is in the vicinity the center of the arcuate wire 32 is located, welded to an axial wire 36 (as best seen in Fig. 8) to provide the necessary support to be provided for the middle area of the cage part. Staple wires 38 can be axially spaced from one another be provided, as it is according to the axial length and weight of the individual cage parts and the number of parts to be loaded on top of each other in a given stack is required.

The cage parts can also be provided with spacer elements in the form of essentially U-shaped ones Spacer wires 40 may be provided that are in place welded onto an axially extending wire element 34- are. As can best be seen from FIG. 6, the spacer wires 40 are essentially radial before, and they are locally arranged to be connected to an axial wire 34- 'of an underlying cage member come into engagement whereby the stacked parts are in the desired circumferentially aligned relationship are set to each other. The spacers also carry two arcuate wire elements 34- ' through to limit axial displacement of the stacked parts. When the cage parts become a complete The cage is assembled and inserted into a mold for forming a tube, then come the protruding ones Spacers 40 with the side of the mold wall

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in engagement or in contact, making the parts of the assembled The cage can be precisely located within the shape.

In the embodiments described so far, it has been assumed that the final assembly of the cage parts in the finished cage, the arcuate wires of adjacent parts are welded together. Since it is a main function of the arc-shaped wires to absorb the stresses in the finished pipe, assembly of cages can be facilitated by the fact that a hook-shaped part 56 (see Pig. 9) is formed on each end of an arc-shaped wire 52 of a cage part 50 will. The loop or curvature of the hook 56 is dimensioned to receive an axial wire 54- 'of an adjacent cage part. As best seen from FIGS. 10 and 11, the curvature extends the hook 56 of a first part 5O by an axial wire 54- 'of an adjacent cage member 5O ¹ around and takes on these, during the bending portion 56' of a cage part 5O ¹ receives an axial wire 54 of the cage part 50 in the same way. Since this coupling takes place only under tension, tension forces are the only forces that are required to maintain this coupling connection in order to produce the desired function. This connection is not flexible and keeps the cage parts in a rigid relationship to one another during handling. If desired, the hooks can be bent shut after assembly.

The embodiments described above all relate to so-called quadrant cage parts, in which four Parts are necessary to assemble a tubular cage. Due to the applied to the finished pipe

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The quadrant or four-part unit can generally be loaded with cylindrical or elliptical pipe cross-sections as well as for curved pipes. Except for a concrete pipe in certain special applications the tubular cage can also be produced on a larger or smaller number of individual cage parts. For practical reasons, fitting cage parts into one another for the purpose of stacking becomes a little more difficult when this Radian measure of the part reaches or exceeds about 120 °, while increasing the number of cage parts that used in each pipe unit, lead to an undesirable complication in the final assembly can, in which all parts are assembled to the finished cage. The cage parts explained so far are all geared towards individual cages; however, it should be evident that the construction works equally well for multilayer cages is of the type used in relatively thick pipe walls.

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Claims (4)

Claims .JTubular, lattice-shaped wire armouring cage for Concrete pipes and similar constructions, thereby characterized in that the tubular cage consists of a first and a second pair of preformed, previously assembled parts from wire elements extending in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction is composed, wherein the first pair of lattice parts has the same structure and the Kronenbzw. Form sole quadrants of a tubular cage, furthermore the second pair of lattice parts also Has the same structure and forms the opposing connecting quadrants of the tubular cage and wherein the first pair of lattice members have substantially greater circumferential stress amplification properties owns as the second pair of lattice parts. 2. Reinforcement cage according to claim 1, characterized in that axially extending stacking wires on each grid part are attached, which bear against the circumferential extending wires of the same lattice part and support this when the two parts are stacked in the nested condition. 3. Reinforcement cage according to the preceding claims, characterized in that each grid part has a main body section contains, by a number of axially spaced circumferential wires with the same Circumferential curvature is defined, and that at least two circumferential wires at one end of the part when coaxial Arrangement and larger radius of curvature are attached to radially offset sections of the axial wires, so that a bell-like open reinforcement part is defined at this end of a lattice part. 609818/0349 4. Reinforcement cage according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the in Circumferentially extending wires with bent back hook wedges on their opposite sides Ends for gripping an axially extending wire of an adjacent grid part are designed so that these grid parts are held in the assembled state. 609818/0349