DE2406504A1 - MOTOR VEHICLE FOR COLLECTING AND INCINERATING HOUSEHOLD OR INDUSTRIAL VEHICLES - Google Patents

Description

/ PATENT LAWYERS

DIPL.-ING. C. STOE j? EL i) IPL.-ING. W. GOLLWITZE * DIFL-ING. F. ZV. MINOR

674 LANDAU / PALATINATE AM

TSI ,. 0 83 41 / 3000,8085 · TBLBX 438888

Sociöte * Anonyme dite: LOCANER, Buthiers - 77 (France)

Motor vehicle for the collection and incineration of household or industrial waste

The invention relates mainly to a motor vehicle for the collection and simultaneous incineration of waste, for example of household or industrial waste.

Indeed, the disposal of household waste poses problems related to collection, disposal, processing and finally in connection with the materials arising from the processing.

When collecting the garbage, the usual garbage trucks must drive to a dump and then return to their collection points, which means a considerable expenditure of time. In certain cases, the unloading area can also be used as a processing plant in other cases a railway wagon or some other means of transport, or one under surveillance standing rubbish dump. The latter also forms under optimal conditions Problems from the collection points to the unloading

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

burst paths to be covered and finally the problem of procurement suitable rubbish dumping areas, taking into account the conditions of environmental protection.

Finally, as far as garbage processing is concerned, we can divide the types of processing for garbage into three main categories, namely:

The composting thing creating opportunities for drainage liquid components makes compacting and packaging necessary, with the resulting product being used to fill up terrain can be and finally the incineration of the garbage which on the one hand a nuisance, in particular pollution of the environment must be prevented and the resulting ash for construction work or can be used in agriculture.

With all of these types of processing, the problem is always the not inconsiderable distance between the collection area and the processing centers.

The invention aims to contribute to the problems of garbage removal and garbage processing in the form of a particularly effective one Kind of solution in terms of environmental friendliness and at the same time in terms of transport problems by creating a, the task the collection and at the same time also the incineration taking over motor vehicle. A vehicle designed according to the invention has a rotary double-wall furnace of a substantially shaped like a truncated cone contour, one end of which is the input opening and the other end of which forms the discharge opening for ashes and incineration residues, further means for charging of the furnace with waste and burners in the incinerator and finally means for exhausting smoke and combustion gases are, according to the invention a combustion unit in a substantially compact design is formed by the already called rotating furnace, an outer one, coaxial with the furnace and

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casing firmly connected to the oven on rotation, which on both of them Ends is closed and extends beyond the discharge opening of the furnace in such a way that a receiving the falling ash Container is formed, furthermore a substantially sealed device for the input of the waste at a loading opening provided on the furnace with a screw conveyor, which is arranged inside a feed pipe, which is designed essentially in the manner of a truncated cone and opens into the interior of the furnace. Finally, there is a smoke evacuation volute present which is tightly connected to one end of the furnace and leads to an afterburner and facilities for cleaning of the smoke that occurs as well as for cleaning the combustion process used gases.

The inventively designed as a self-propelled device has a rotary oven, in which the combustion process in one of the outside world closed chamber is carried out, without smoke or gas being able to escape into the atmosphere, wherein Cleaning agents for the smoke are used and strict control of the air inlets into the furnace of the special waste loading facilities and Storage and disposal facilities for the ashes are also provided, taking into account the requirements outlined.

In the present case, the loading device consists of a screw conveyor in the lower part of a receiving device into which the waste is entered during collection, the screw entering this waste into an input line in the shape of a truncated cone, which opens with its large base into the interior of the furnace. This arrangement eliminates the risk that bulky parts of the accumulated waste jam in the feed line. In addition, the waste pushed forward by the worm gear pushes those that are in the pipe further

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and drop them into the oven at the end. One on the line Any plug that forms and consists of waste always remains in the input line and on the screw. That’s the way it is interior of the facility sealed off from the atmosphere.

On the other hand, the aforesaid coaxial, off-the-bottom envelope allows the problem of ash ejection to solve by forming an ash container around the stove, into which the ashes can freely pass through the discharge opening of the stove occurs.

According to a further feature of the invention, a vane or screw thread is at least "on" in the inner surface of the envelope a part of 'whose length is provided between the former and the outer wall of the furnace, so that the ash and combustion residues of their discharge point into said container to the opposite end of said container under the action of the rotation of the Oven and the cladding.

To empty the ash container, it is sufficient to run the stove upside down, with the shovel or screw then the Ash leads to the discharge opening of the furnace, where it can be removed from the outside, for example by means of one in the said envelope provided door.

This arrangement allows very easy control of the combustion air supply.

According to a further proposal of the present invention The rotary furnace is made of thin sheet metal and its inner wall has perforations or blow openings for pulsating air. Latter are arranged in such a way that a blowing action is achieved in three directions. According to a further proposal of the invention, the

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air blown through the openings in the inner wall of the furnace an annular chamber with a rotatable hinge guided between two annular flanges firmly connected to the rotatable furnace and with an edge guide nozzle for blowing air connected is.

Further features of the present invention and details of the advantages achieved thereby will become apparent from the following Description of the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings of the device:

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall view of the collecting and

Incinerator for garbage according to the invention,

2 shows a longitudinal section through the rotatable according to the invention Incinerator,

3 shows a partial perspective view of the inner wall of this furnace,

Fig. 4, 5 and 6 with dash-dotted circles marked details in Fig. 2, which are designated with IV, V and VI,

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the on the end of the loader the oven arranged attachment,

Fig. 8 is a partial section through the ring envelope for the supply of pulsed air around the furnace, the

FIGS. 9 and 10 show front and side views of the sheet metal strip which forms the ring envelope and FIG

11 is a schematic view illustrating the operation of the machine according to the invention.

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The vehicle shown in the drawings for incinerating waste comprises a frustoconical furnace 1, the is attached to the frame of a motor vehicle, namely with a slightly inclined position relative to the horizontal, so that the lower involute of the truncated cone is essentially horizontal is located. On the wider end of the furnace there is one with a feed line and the other with a casing 4 connected for the smoke exhaust attachment 2. The charging line 3 opens at its rear part into a container 5, into which the garbage is dumped, and a worm screw 6 in the entrance of the frustoconical pipe 3 having. The screw 6 is driven by a hydraulic reduction device 7 driven by a motor.

The envelope 4 extends up to one of the cleaning of the smoke, designated with 8 device with a fan is equipped, the turbine 9 and drive group 10 mounted inside a chimney 11 to discharge the smoke into the atmosphere are. The chimney 11 is connected below a container with a constant level 12, namely in the interior of a volute 13 for the approach the smoke, the lower part of which extends into the water of the container 12. Said volute 13 is at its upper one Part connected to the end of the cladding surrounding the afterburner.

The frustoconical, double-walled furnace 1 is surrounded by a coaxial outer casing 15, also of truncated cone shape, which is closed at both ends and which extends further than the discharge opening 16 of the furnace, so that around the latter there is a storage space for ashes and Combustion residue is formed. It is convenient to have a shovel or helical wall

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on the inner wall of the envelope 15 at least over part of the length of said envelope between this and the outer wall of the furnace 1 to be provided. The envelope 15 also has doors 18 to remove the ashes after a certain operation.

The furnace 1 is also equipped with two burners 19 and 20, which are fed from containers 21. The burner 19 has a reducing flame and the burner 20 an oxidizing flame.

The driving force necessary for the operation of the device is supplied by a diesel engine 22 which is located above a water tank 23 is arranged and also serves to feed the device for cleaning the smoke generated.

The frustoconical furnace 1, which in Figures 2 to is shown somewhat more precisely, has a double wall and a metallic armature formed by support 25, which extends around the longitudinal axis of the furnace is arranged so that a truncated cone is formed. The said supports are through each other at the rear end of the furnace a circular U-iron connected by welding. At their opposite At the end they are welded to an annular circular plate 27. At two thirds of its length, starting from the loading opening of the furnace, the supports 25 are connected by a circular edge 28, which is also intended to be the outer wall of the furnace.

The inner wall 30 of the furnace is arranged in the interior of the armature formed by the carrier 25 and is alternately made up of profile plates 31 with an omega cross-section and profiled plates 32 essentially Flat design formed between the profile plates 31. In this way, the inner wall 30

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of the furnace have the shape of a truncated cone with the plates 32, the edges of which are slightly raised inwards, as shown in FIG. The plates 32 are freely displaceable in the grooves 33, which by the outer side edge of a profile plate 31 and by a stepped edge 34 are formed under this side edge. This arrangement allows the inner wall forming the free expansion Elements in the furnace that are tangential and longitudinally free with respect to the truncated cone formed by the supports 25 are movable.

The plates 31 and 32 are provided with openings 35 and 36, respectively, for radial injection of combustion air. The parallel sides of the profile plates 31 have openings 37 for the injection of air, the overall direction of which is 45 with respect to the wall of the aforementioned Profile plates is inclined, so that a tangential blowing and an axial blowing of the combustion air is achieved.

Said inner wall 30 of the furnace is simply placed on the structure formed by the supports 25 and the edge enclosure 26 and fixed in the longitudinal direction inside this structure by removable locking devices, which make it very easy and very quick to remove and re-attach it Allow plate inside the structure. According to one embodiment, the blocking devices consist of flat plates 38 which are each arranged tangentially on the truncated cone in the interior of the U's formed by the profile plates 31. The plates 38 cooperate with bolts 39 in a triangular shape, which are firmly connected to the aforementioned U-iron 26. The mentioned, very simply designed latches enable the inner wall of the furnace to be fixed against displacements in the direction of the discharge opening of the furnace and a radial displacement with respect to the fitting.

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A bolt of the same type is provided on the edge 28. It comprises two flat triangles 40 on said edge 28, which over flat plates or rods 41 are attached. The triangles 40 cooperate with plates 42 which are tangential to the truncated cone in the profile plates 31 are attached. The inner wall of the furnace is thus protected by the plates 42 and the triangles 40 against changes in position in the longitudinal direction and held against radial displacement.

On the other hand, a connector is detachable on the rim 26 by means of brackets or triangular supports 46 and bolt 47 attached. '

The outer envelope 15, which forms the outer wall of the ash container, is on the side lying on the discharge side of the furnace attached, namely by an annular flange 49 in fixed connection with the ring plate 27 (Fig. 6). At the opposite end (Fig. 4) is the Sheath 15 is welded to a ring profile 50 with a cross section in the form of an outwardly open U, which in turn is welded to carriers is firmly connected, which form the armature of the furnace by means of supports 51. The outer wall 29 of the furnace is also with one of its ends on supports 51 welded and at the opposite end on the outer diameter of a disk 52 in fixed connection with the aforementioned Edge 28 (Fig. 5).

Two ring flanges 53 and 54 are fastened on the one hand on the profile 26 at the end of the armature of the furnace and on the other hand on the profile 50 and the supports 51 such that an annular envelope is formed which encloses the loading side of the furnace. The ring-shaped Sheath is in communication with the space between the outer wall 29 and the inner wall 30 of the furnace and is used as a line to Use of pulsating air. This air coming from the envelope circulates between the inner and outer walls of the furnace

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and is blown through the openings 35, 36 and 37 of this inner wall. The periphery of this envelope is closed off by a cylindrical plate 56 in fixed connection with the chassis of the vehicle and in cooperation with the radially outer edges of the flanges 53 and 54 via a connecting device in rotatable manner Design formed by the rims 57 fixed on said cylindrical plate 56. "

In the figures 8 to 10 a modified embodiment is shown schematically. Here 39 'and 30' denote the outer and inner walls of the furnace, the reference numerals 53 and 54 * the two annular flanges at the end of this wall, the periphery of the annular casing 55 ^{1 being} closed by a sheet steel band 56 * with sliding bandages and guide Bandages 57 'are formed from material with a low coefficient of friction. Said bandages are on the radial edges of the flanges 53 ^; and 54 'formed. The belt 56 'is

one

is made of sheet steel and possesses / controllable clamping effect on the bandages 57 ^f with the help of a screw and spring device 58 according to FIG. The other end of the steel sheet has a claw through which the screwing device extends, a nut resting on this claw and enabling the band 56 to be more or less tightened around the bandages 57 '. In addition, the sheet metal strip 56 establishes a fixed connection with a line 60 for the combustion air. The line 60 leads to a fan 61 (FIG. 11), which supplies the annular envelope 55 with pulsating air.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the attachment 2 to be mounted on the loading opening of the furnace, i.e. on the connecting flange 45 at the end of the oven. The essay 2 has at its lower

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2A06504

Part of the frustoconical feed pipe 3 and at its upper one Part of a connecting flange 4 with afterburner covers 4. The attachment is also integrated with a viewing opening with a flap is provided, the opening of which can be regulated as a function of the smoke temperature and which allows cooling air to be supplied.

An overall illustration of the mode of operation of the combustion system according to the invention is given with reference to FIG. 11.

e The waste to be incinerated is placed in the container 5 on the

Back of the device entered and fall 'on and into the screw 6, which it pushes into the frustoconical feed line 3. The rubbish pushed forward by this snail in turn pushes them Components that are already in the line 3, so that a waste plug always remains inside the line. This mass forms so a tight lock prevents air from entering the furnace. At the At the end of the line 3, the waste falls into the furnace, on the inner wall of the same, and becomes the effect of the one generated in the burner 19 Exposed to flame. The rotation of the furnace is, for example, by a z. B. hydraulically operating drive source driven by an intermediate gear, which has a pinion which is connected to an endless chain which is arranged in the U-profile 50 on the furnace.

Under the influence of the rotation of the furnace, the waste shifts towards the opposite side of the furnace and becomes the Flame exposure of the burner 20 exposed. Ashes and incineration waste then fall into the ash container at the front end, where they are conveyed to the rear by means of the screw 17. The ash container is emptied by reversing the direction of rotation of the furnace. This has the effect that the waste and incineration

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residues are led to the front, namely to the doors 18. The The said doors are then opened and the ashes are passed through the any openings that are formed, they to the storage or ■ processing point Unload leading means of transport.

The air necessary for the combustion is introduced into the ring envelope 55 by the fan 61 and then flows between the inner and outer walls of the furnace, whereupon it is blown into the furnace interior through openings in the inner wall.

Combustion gases and smoke are opposed axially in the furnace introduced to the direction of movement of the waste and leave the furnace over its large base. From there they go through the Attachment 2 and then get into the afterburner envelopes 4, where they are exposed to the burner 62 in the entrance of these envelopes.

The commissioning of this burner can be made dependent on a certain gas and smoke temperature in the afterburner envelopes will. Inside the afterburner shells there is also a grid made of stainless steel wire, which has the purpose of to hold back the remains that could be taken away by gas suction, such as. B. pieces of paper, etc. These residues then burn quickly at this point. and the ash falls on the waste entering the furnace.

At the exit of the afterburner tubes 4, the amounts of smoke and the combustion gases pass through a cold water mist generated by an atomizer ramp 64 (FIG. 11). The atomizer system is fed from a tank 23 filled with cold pure water by means of a pump 65. The smoke flows into the volute 13 with the ramp 66, which allows water to flow onto the walls of the volute. The denser particles in the plumes of smoke, which are pressed against the outer wall of the volute 13 by centrifugal action, are absorbed under the influence of the flow action and get into the container 12, in which a cone

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constant level is maintained. You sit at the bottom of this container away. The amounts of smoke and combustion gases can or also be passed through the water stored in the container 12 not, depending on the height of an overflow 67. They then penetrate into the suction opening of the turbine 9 before they are cleaned at the exit of the chimney 11 can be blown into the atmosphere. The gases swirling in the chimney 11 acquire a helical shape which promotes their dispersion Movement that accelerates their cooling and thinning in the atmosphere. In addition, the turbine 9 or the drives Propeller, which puts the total amount of smoke to be cleaned under negative pressure, namely the encased afterburner the attachment 2 and the furnace 1, the amounts of smoke and the combustion gases from their formation in the furnace to their release into the atmosphere.

The water ramp 66 is stinked on the one hand by the pump 69 from an auxiliary tank 68 and on the other hand by circulating the in the container 12 contained water fed.

The energy required for the entire system is provided by an above the diesel engine 22 arranged in the water tank 23 which feeds the atomizer ramp 64. The aforementioned diesel engine 22 drives at a constant rate Speed on its output shaft to a hydraulic pump 70, which in turn drives the water pumps 65 and 69. The hydraulic Pump 70 with its complete system supplies the hydraulic motor 10 for driving the turbine 9, the hydraulic back gear 7 for the drive the screw 6, the hydraulic drive motor of the blower fan and the hydraulic drive and the back gear for driving the furnace.

To facilitate maintenance, the machine can be made in two easily separable parts, namely the chassis of the Motor vehicle that has the stove, the water tanks and the diesel engine, the The entirety of the hydraulic equipment, the blower fan, the control

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organs of the burner and the water pumps and on the other hand the rear part with the attachment, the feeding device with screw, the entirety of the flue gas cleaning and the afterburner pipes. This the rear part is connected to the chassis with the aid of a system of separable joints 71 and a locking device 72, which engages on a carrier 73 fixedly connected to the chassis. The front end of the afterburning tubes 4 is attached to the structures of the Chassis of the vehicle locked by means not shown. The rear part is separated by tilting it via the toothed racks 74 arranged under the rear part or after the various connecting hoses have been separated.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described and illustrated limited. In particular, it includes all means, which are technical equivalents of the means described here and their combinations when practiced according to the spirit of the invention and within the scope of the claims.

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Claims (14)

Claims 'aft vehicle for the collection and incineration of garbage, for example from the household or commercial sector, with a double-walled, essentially frustoconical rotary furnace, one end of which is designed as a charging opening for the waste and the other end as a discharge opening for ash and incineration residues and further charging devices for the Input of the waste into the furnace, burners in the furnace for incinerating the waste and discharge means for smoke and combustion gases are provided, characterized in that the motor vehicle is integrated with a combustion unit which is sealed off from the outside and consists of a circulating furnace of the type mentioned above an outer envelope coaxial with said furnace and fixedly connected to it in rotation, which outer envelope is closed at both ends and extends beyond the discharge opening of the furnace in such a way that an ash container is formed, with a sealed device Attention to the input of the waste into an input opening of the furnace with a worm wheel at the entrance of the feed pipe, which is essentially frustoconical and opens into the furnace and a vent line for the smoke that is tightly connected to one end of the furnace and also an afterburning and cleaning device for the smoke as well a cleaning device for the combustion gases are provided. 409834 / U819 2. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging device of the furnace is completed by an attachment is, into which on the one hand the feed line, as mentioned above, and on the other hand the blow-off opening for smoke quantities open. 3. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 2, characterized by one on the inner surface of the envelope at least on a part of the length of which is provided, between this and the outer wall of the at Furnace in such a way / ordered shovel or screw that ash and combustion residues from their outlet opening in the ash container to the opposite End of the ashtray under the rotating action of the stove and the casing. 4. Motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized by at least one arranged outside the ash container in said envelope Drain hole for ash and remains. 5. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotary furnace consists of thin sheet metal, the inner wall Has perforations or injection openings for pulsating air, which are arranged so that blowing is achieved in three directions. 6. Motor vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner wall of the furnace consists of essentially flat and profile plates with omega-shaped cross-section with turned outside of the oven There is concavity, said flat and profiled plates alternately fixed in an axial displacement movement in a tangential Direction are freely movable, so that said inner wall of the furnace is expandable. Λ09834 / 0819 7. Motor vehicle according to claim 5 to 6, characterized in that that the air blown through openings in the inner wall of the furnace through an annular casing in a fixed design with a swivel joint is performed, which is arranged between two ring flanges, which are firmly connected to the rotary furnace and which with an inlet nozzle the blown air are provided. 8. Motor vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that said ring casing consists of a band made of sheet steel, which is guided on and between the sliding bandages and guide bandages on the aforementioned flanges and is further characterized by a Clamping device with adjustable tensioning effect that clamps the said band onto the said bandages. 9. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the aforementioned afterburning devices for the flue gases with a burner arranged at the exit of its envelope is equipped, the flame of which has substantially the entire cross-section of said burner Coating coated. 10. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the smoke cleaning and gas cleaning devices are a fan include, the suction device is mounted in a drain chimney, the lower part in a water container with adjustable Water level opens, with an inlet volume for the smoke enclosing the chimney and in said container below or above the Water flows out so that the smoke either passes through the water or not, with an atomizer ramp for cold water at the entrance of said volute is arranged and a ramp allows the water to drain over the wall of said volute. 409834 / Ü819 11. Motor vehicle according to claim 2 to 10, characterized by a viewing opening closable by a flap in the attachment, which can be regulated depending on the smoke temperature. 12. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the furnace is equipped with two burners, one of which at least one is a function of the furnace temperature. 13. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 12, characterized by a rotating at constant speed, the hydraulic pump to supply the diesel engine that drives the hydraulic engines that control the entire combustion system. 14. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that the rear part with the charging device or the device for inputting the waste into the furnace, the afterburning devices as well as the cleaning devices for the smoke can be removed by means of separable joints and locking devices attached to the chassis of the motor vehicle and equipped with rack supports that can be used during dismantling. 409834 / Ub ¹ I 9