DE2240026A1 - Small load-bearing opt decorative building component - of cement composite material without steel reinforcement - Google Patents

Abstract

Precast concrete sills, stair treads, copings and the like contain gravel, chippings and/or crushed natural stone together with synthetic resin binder but are without steel rod reinforcement although still overload resistant and safe. They may be reinforced instead using fibrous material e.g. asbestos, mineral or glass fibres, roughened steel fibres or synthetic resin fibres. The bonding resin is esp. polyester or epoxy resin with hardeners and promoters as required or desired and is esp. premixed with stone flour/dust before adding the aggregate and fibre reinforcement. The concrete is esp. densified and virtually non-porous. Threaded metal inserts cast integral with the precast components are used for attachment of metal fixings e.g. bolts used in the assembly of stair cases etc. Where crushed natural stone is used as the aggregate it has a mean grain size of 15-120 esp. 30-80 mm. Relatively lightweight and cheap strong components free of rust staining.

Description

Structurally load-bearing and possibly smaller in terms of design Component The invention relates to a structurally supporting and possibly creative smaller component, such as stair step, dust plate, wall opening lintel or.

Like., from Bet n @der Bet @ nwerkstein with gravel, chippings, natural stone chunks or the like ..

Structurally load-bearing components made of concrete or the like.

have to comply with both the norns and the building regulations for reasons be provided with a reinforcement in the form of steel frames, aa more common Acetone and cast stone with cement binding do not absorb any noteworthy tensile forces can and therefore tend to tear and break through when overused. These Steel frameworks are in the form of rods, networks or baskets before being brought in of the concrete is placed in a form or formwork. This is especially true for design Components to ensure that the steel bars do not reach to the upper surfaces or protrude from these. For reasons of strength, too, it is exactly the right one Pay attention to the position of the steel reinforcements. Such components come in a variety of forms and often relatively small series or even as a single part with each other Create form. The reinforcement must be manufactured and installed accordingly. This is extremely complex and therefore makes the component more expensive. Also will the component is comparatively heavy, which means that transport and installation are expensive cause. Finally, the supporting structure must also take the weight of its own Take structural load-bearing components into account and design accordingly which either increases the construction costs or reduces the payload.

The invention is primarily intended to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages, however, the advantages of known components are retained and in particular those listed below Benefits can be achieved. The invention is based on the object of manufacturing to simplify the components mentioned at the outset and the components at same strength easier to mesh. According to the invention it is provided that the component made of a plastic-bonded frame-free frame that is sure to support even in the event of overload Bet @ n consists of extremely high strength. In itself it is increasing in the context of The use of plastics in all areas of construction is now also known instead of ement jls binding agent for concrete or cast stone plastics to use. But you don't have the new materials created in this way load-bearing components, such as cladding panels on walls, floor panels or support panels For stairs, pen benches or the like. Used where they do not have their own supporting function exercise. One assumes, according to the norm, that a component, if it is constructive should wear, a Stanlarmierung must have. It has now been recognized that one is on this standard reinforcement can be dispensed with if a plastic binding is used and at the same time creates an extremely high strength concrete. They are flexural strengths in the order of magnitude of 300 kg / cm2 and more. By giving up d; ts Stahlger @ ppe Can now produce individual shapes of components very easily will. There is no need to determine the dimensions, manufacture and incorporate the Reinforcement. Due to the lack of the very heavy steel and the otherwise higher steel The components are lighter and easier to handle. aside from that the overall load on the structure is reduced. You don't want the component each in an individual form, so you can now from blocks or cut out the individual shape of the component in accordance with thick plates. This is especially true for spiral staircases that are constantly changing to shape and dimensions are required, of aulderordent-1 great advantage. If you also coarse components, such as natural stone chunks in particular, in which cast stone has, so you get a particularly appealing picture by cutting, because the natural stone chunks or larger grain components not only cut into, but in places of theirs be cut through the largest dimensions and thus appear effectively. The components of the mix for the concrete depend on the particular application and put together the available basic components. For one The plastered wall opening lintel becomes gravel with a grain size of up to 15 or 30 mm use, while for stairs you use concrete blocks with broken @ and ground Use grit and natural stone quarry in larger grain sizes or whole Harmor chunks is inserted to suit the particular need. en adapt and if necessary to match the concrete stone slabs of the floor covering. 11iaci the used Aggregates then also depends on the choice of binder, being the exact one Values can be determined in simple experiments.

In order to achieve a good bond, one gets the fines first Mix with the plastic and then serve sludge with the coarse ingredients put together in the Porm. One becomes the place for intimate mixing and compression by shaking or turning and feeding the plastic if necessary hardening by heat. The choice of plastic is based on as much as possible gutc adhesion and bonding and achieving a high flexural strength as well as impact and possibly to see torsional strength.

The strength values can according to a further embodiment of the invention be improved by the plastic-bonded concrete fibrous components contains. Opposite the inserted steel reinforcement, each in individual The Beimengun. Very granular components have the advantage that they can only be found in the respective The amount determined by experiment needs to be added to the concrete, which in terms of processing technology brings significant advantages. Due to the interlocking and felting, tensile strength, Considerably increase flexural strength and impact strength as well as torsional strength. You can use asbestos fibers, which are not too expensive and fireproof as well as a good bond with the other components. Mineral fibers too come into consideration that are also not too significant in terms of costs9 are refractory and have properties related to the aggregates, so d through different properties of the constituents caused disadvantages to a large extent are avoided. Glass fibers, which are also inexpensive and also come into consideration are fireproof and form a good bond with the plastic.

Coarse steel fibers, which have a high strength, can also be used to have. Synthetic fibers are also considered, especially since they are the binding plastic have related properties and therefore improve the strength values.

Polyester resins in particular are used as plastics for the bond Consider 5 because they are inexpensive and have a good bond. The strong shrinkage can by appropriate 'composition of the mixture with a appropriate Share of fine parts (filler) and coarse parts to a tolerable level, which that corresponds approximately to the other additives. It can Unsaturated polyester resins are used to which hardeners and accelerators are added to adjust the reactivity according to the respective conditions.

One can also use epoxy resins, which have the advantage of being less Have shrinkage, but are much more expensive and therefore only for very high quality ones and / or components that are particularly thin or small come into consideration. These are also for the adjustment to the respective application cases and processing conditions corresponding additives for hardening and, if necessary, acceleration and increase to add the elasticity.

As additives for mixing with the plastic binder rock powder and fine grains come from broken and ground chippings or Consider gravel, which makes up less than 50% of the water level, while the resin content should be between 3 and 8%.

The rest are coarse parts. Come when using natural quarry Grain sizes between 15 and 120 mm, especially between 30 and 80 mm, if you want design components, such as stairs made of blocks or slabs, want to cut. Especially for such high quality and special strength requirements Underlying components are used, highly thinned, largely pore-free concrete.

Since the manufacturing problems especially with the individually to Structural stairs without risers are the components according to the invention For cantilevered stairs or stairs that can be secured against twisting on one side provided, with the latter having a connecting bolt between each two stages, for the corresponding threaded sleeves, preferably when producing the steps to be poured in. Such stairs have manufacturing and assembly technology special advantages, but require very high strength levels 9 die ger.lde not yet with the one provided according to the invention because of the advantages of experts related material can be produced inexpensively and quickly.

Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings explained.

1-5 show: FIG. 1 the schematic representation of the general application for the component; Fig. 2. The side view of three components in the form of steps and j 3 is a vertical section along the line 5-3 in FIG. 2 with the rear view the lower staircase steps.

Pig, 1 shows a component 10 in FIG. 1 as a general application In the form of a carrier mounted on two supports 11, for example a cover plate on a shaft or the like .. Such a component is without one other, in the event of an overload, load-bearing reinforcement or reinforcement is created. It is made of plastic-bonded Bet @ n, which coarse-grained components 12 and fine-grained components 15 and the binding mass 14 made of rock powder, fine grains and the plastic bond having. Since a material of extremely high strength is created in this way, the component can handle all loads that occur, including loads above the Standard values lie, withstand, and you can therefore do without @e reinforcement.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show stairs constructed from the same material 1 @, of which one end 16 is only slightly embedded in the staircase wall 17 and d @ rt is secured against rotation. At the other free end are each between two steps 15 bolts 18 were inserted, which loosen 19 of the steps from below a @ it are robbed. The necks 19 can also be used afterwards be. The bolts 18 are screwed into the sleeves 19 with a thread and on the respective Lower step fastened with nuts 20. This means that if there is little integration into the Wall 17 built a load-bearing @ ge @ re @@ c in a known manner. Your stages are, special subject to high loads, because r, it 'is the btst of the adjacent steps have to be transmitted and are loaded with torsion. Therefore are suitable for Such stairs components with high strength are particularly good, so that one is very thin Can create stages.

Claims (1)

Expectations 1. Structurally load-bearing and possibly smaller in terms of design Component such as stair step, platform plate, wall opening lintel or the like, made of Bet @ n or concrete stone with gravel, chippings, natural stone chunks or the like, d u r c h it is noted that it is made of a plastic-bound, even in the event of an overload with security load-bearing, steel frame-free concrete is extremely high strength. 2. Component 'according to claim 1, d a d -u r c h g e-K e e n n z c i c Not that the plastic-bonded concrete contains fibrous components. 3. Component according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g ek e n n z e i c h n e t that the fibrous constituents are asbestos fibers. 4. B component according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g ek e n n z e i c h n e t that the fibrous components are @ineral fibers. 5. Component according to claim 29 d t d as r c h g k e n n z z e i c h n e tt that the fibrous constituents are glass fibers. 6. Component according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e-K e n n z e i c @ n e t that the fibrous constituents are rough steel fibers. 7. Component according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g k e n n z e i c h n e , which are the fibrous constituents of plastic fibers. 8. Component according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, d u d u Note that the binding is made of polyester resin. 9. Component according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, d a d u Note that the bond is made of epoxy resin. 10. Component according to claim 8 or 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i C h n e t that there is one that influences the properties and is tailored to the synthetic resin Contains harder. 11. Component according to spoke 8 or 9, d a d u r c h e e K e n n z o l} '; n e t that there is an accelerator influencing the hardening of the plastic contains. 12. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, d u r c h e k e n n n e i c n e i c n n e t that it mixed with the plastic Rock flour and fine grains are extracted from crushed and crushed chippings or gravel. 15. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, d u r c h e k e nn n n e i c h e t that there are natural stone chunks in the grain size Contains 15 - 120 mm. 14. Component according to claim 139 d a d u r c h g ek e n n z e i c h n e t that it contains natural stone chunks in the grain size 30 - 80. 15. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, it is noted that the plastic bound concrete is highly compacted and is largely pore-free0 16. Component in the form of a step after a or more of the preceding claims, d ad u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t9 that there is at least one connecting bolt in the area of its one narrow side (18) is equipped, which to the next higher and next lower level or reach to the pedestal or floor. 17. Component according to claim 16, d u r c h ek e n n z e i c h n e t that its one end on a support device, preferably a stairwell wall (17), secured against twisting rist. 18. Component according to claim 16 or 17, d a d u r C h e e k e n n n z e i c h n e b that a cast-in known per se, preferably with an internal thread provided fastening sleeve (19) is provided for the connecting bolt (18). L e r s e i t e