DE2112926A1 - Prestressed component and method of making structures with its help - Google Patents

Description

2112926 Andrejewski & Honke patent attorneys

Physicist Dr. Wqlter Andrejewski

Legal file: 36 435 / Kle ϊίΓ ^ ϊίί

Essen, the I5. March I97I Kettwiger Strasse 36 (th)

Patent application
Oscar Sircovich
11 Lincoln Street,
Jerusalem, Israel

Prestressed component and method of manufacturing structures with its help.

The object of the invention is a prestressed component for erection of vaulted or arched structures and a method of production such buildings with the help of such components. The previously known prestressed components are quite generally of this type designed so that they can only absorb the load, but not have the ability to undergo changes in load or tension to be adapted in the building.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating such a prestressed component which has the ability to these changes in load and tension automatically

109841/1252

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse 36

adapt. With the help of such prestressed components the erection of buildings, cantilever ceilings, bridges, vaulted and arched structures as well as the manufacture of domed structures to be possible.

In particular, the invention provides for the use of prestressed components in the erection of such structures, directly When these components are inserted into the construction, a system of forces is introduced into the construction. The general The direction of these forces is upwards, i.e. in the opposite direction to the load that acts on the finished structure during operation. When the structure is loaded, slight Changes in its shape, which produce changes in the shape of the individual components. These shape changes cause changes in the prestressing forces of each individual component, so that the structure as a whole can withstand the load can customize. By suitable design of the individual components, the erected structure can be designed in such a way that its The shape of the polygon of forces acting on it is identical, so that it takes the form of a high or narrow arch, an asymmetrical arch or an interrupted arch structure can.

A prestressed component according to the invention for erecting vaulted or arched structures is characterized in that it has two has at one end articulated compression members and two tension members connected to these compression members in this way, that when one acts, the pressure members around their articulated connection twisting and thereby closed with their free ends

109841/1152

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honice, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse

force pressing each other, the pressure members are subjected to compression and the tension members to train, and that a the pressure members in this position holding member is provided, whereby the pressure members on pressure and the tension members on train are preload.

Such a prestressed component can have various shapes, some of which are shown in the following by way of example Description will be explained in detail. The aforementioned holding member, by means of which the individual component is pretensioned, is preferably used in the form of a tie rod, which with its two ends at the free ends of the two pressure members connected.

From a procedural point of view, provision is made for one to be set up Structure corresponding number of individual components in a form also corresponding to the structure to be erected by attacking components lying next to one another at the hinge points To connect tension links with one another, the resulting free ends of the tension link chains or groups just like the outermost components with the free end of their pressure member to a corresponding anchorage fasten, then to connect the abutting free ends of the pressure members of the individual components with one another and finally to remove the tension rods, so that each individual component through the joint connection established last is kept in a prestressed state with the other components.

109841/17 5 *?

2112928

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse

The compression members can be designed symmetrically or asymmetrically in each individual component and the various components can have different dimensions and be prestressed to different degrees, depending on the final shape of the building Building and depending on the force polygon, the effect of which on the building is to be expected. When the structure is loaded There are changes in the shape of the individual components, with some opening and others closing, causing the Prestressing forces in each individual component change and the structure as a whole reacts perfectly to the load.

A more detailed explanation of the invention emerges from the following description of some preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings; show it:

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a prestressed component according to the invention in a basic form;

Figure 2 is a diagram to explain the in this component occurring prestressing forces;

FIG. 3 shows one with the aid of several basic components according to FIG. 1 built arch construction;

FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional component for the construction of domes; »

FIGS. 5 and 6 show the use of several components according to FIG. for the dome construction; and

FIG. 7 shows a modification of the basic shape of the component according to the invention.

109841/1252

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse

The illustrated in Figure 1 in its basic form according to the invention Component has two pressure members or bars 2 and 4, which are hinged to one another at one of their ends at point B. while their other ends, points A and C, stand apart. On these first two pressure members 2 and 4 a third pressure member 6 is articulated at the hinge point B. Between the ends of the links 2 and 4 are two tension links 8 and 10 arranged, while at the free end of the pressure member 6 an element 12 is attached, which only as a fastening member for the tension members 8 and 10 are used, and the two attachment points on it can be regarded as a point D in practice.

By applying a force Q from the outside to the points A and B of the pressure members 2 and 4, these members are bent towards each other, so that they and the pressure member 6 are subjected to pressure and the members 8 and 10 to train. As a result, the points A, B, C and D move to the points A ¹ , B ', C' and D ¹ (Fig.2), whereby the distance (1) between the ends of the links 2 and 4 is the smaller distance (1 -Λ1) becomes. After the force Q has been applied to bend the ends, a tie rod 14 is briefly attached between the ends of the links 2 and 4 in order to hold them in the new position. The component is prestressed in this way, the links 2, 4 and 6 being prestressed in compression and the links 8 and 10 being prestressed in tension.

This prestressed component according to FIG. 1 can be used as a basic component Use for the erection of vault or arch structures, as shown in Figure 3. To the establishment of the structure are the articulated connections, i.e. points B

109841/125?

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse

several individual components (..., b, n, o, ...), through a group of tension members 16, for example rods or a cable, with one another connected, so that such a tension member is arranged between two adjacent points B in each case is. The tension members delimit an arch, the ends of which are attached to the ground or to a suitable anchorage. Then the pressure member 4 of one individual component is articulated to the pressure member 2 of the adjacent component and the end compression members of the end-to-end components are also attached to the anchorage. Then you can all tensioning rods 14 are removed from the individual components.

By removing these tension rods 14, the pre-tensioning force Q of each individual component acts on the adjoining components at an angle > X , which results in upward forces P which counteract the external load. The angle ai must always be smaller than 180 °.

The upward forces P are completely independent of the distance L between the anchors, but are related to the tension forces Q exerted by the components on each side and to the angles L of these forces. The force Fn of the component "n" depends on the clamping force Qm, Qn and Qo as well as the angles oc m, η and > jc η, ο. The resulting construction can therefore be compared to a suspended cable which is attached to an anchorage and on which point forces act upwards.

109841/1252

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. ΑΛ. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse

The individual components can, in particular, taking into account the clamping forces Q and the angle <x are designed in such a way that the shape of the arch construction is identical to the polygon of forces is what affects them. A load on the arch construction changes its shape and the shape of the individual components, some opening and some closing, so that a new system of tension arises, which is the new Counteracts stress.

FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional individual component 100, by means of which three-dimensional constructions such as domed structures are erected can be. In this component 100, two pressure members 102 and 104 are articulated with the third pressure member 106 connected (see. The members 2, 4 and 6 of Fig. 1), while a fourth pressure member 108 is articulated at the same pivot point B. The links 102, 104 and 108 consequently define a three-sided one Pyramid, at the top of which the link 106 is hinged. This component from Figure 4 has three tension members 110, 112 and 114 connected to the ends of each link 102, 104 and 108 and to the end of link 106. Additionally will the component is prestressed by three short-term use tension rods 116, 118 and 120, which are located between the ends of the links 102 and 104, 104 and 108 and 108 and 102 are arranged.

Such a three-dimensional component according to FIG. 4 is used to erect a dome structure 122 (FIG. 6) in the same way as explained above in relation to the arch construction according to FIG uses Tiit except that the articulation, i.e. the point B, of each individual component with the adjacent components through three tension members, namely the members IjK),

109iUl / i? B2

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse 36

and 134 is connected. The points B lying next to each other Groups of tension members I30 that connect individual components together form a first arch, the group of members a second arch and the link group 13> 4 a third arch. The end links are in the same way as the individual components located at the ends in the ground or on a λ suitable anchoring attached. Between the pressure links 102, 104 and I08 of adjacent components are then further articulated connections are made and the tie rods II6, 118 and 120 that have been used in the meantime are finally removed.

These above-described basic forms of the prestressed "according to the invention" Components can of course be modified in various ways. Such a modification example is in Figure 7 shown, with two compression members I50 and I52 in Point B are hinged together, while each pressure member has a fixed element 15 ^ respectively. I56 wears. Also is a Tension member I60 between point A of compression member I50 and the End of its fixed member 154 arranged and a second P tension member 162 between the point C of the pressure member 152 and his fixed link I56. Another tension member I70, which the May be in the form of a tension spring is then secured between the ends of the fixed members 154 and I56. This is how the Point B between the ends of links I50 and I52 and the ends of the respective fixed links 154 and I56. Between the points A and C then a preload force Q is applied through which these points are pressed towards one another, whereupon a tie rod I72 to be used in the meantime between these points is used to keep the limbs pressed together in their

109841/1252

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse

State. The prestressed component shown in FIG. 7 can be used in the same way as that Component according to Figure 1.

Expectations:

ORIGINAL INSPECTED 109841/1252

Claims (8)

Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse JO Expectations . \ jj Prestressed component for erecting vaulted structures, characterized in that it has two pressure members (2, 4) articulated to one another at one end (B) and two tension members (8, 10) connected to these pressure members in such a way that when one acts Twisting compression members about their articulated connection and thereby with their free ends (A, c) pressing force (Q) towards each other, the compression members are subject to compression and the tension members are subject to tension, and that a retaining member (14) is provided which holds the compression members in this position, whereby the compression members can be biased to compression and the tension members to tension. 2. Prestressed component according to claim 1, characterized in that the tension members (8, 10) via a third, in the hinge point (B) of the two pressure members (2, 4) engaging these pressure member (6) with the two pressure members (2, 4) connected in this way are that the one tension member (8) at the free ends (A, D) of a pressure member (2) and the third pressure member (6) and the other tension member (10) engages the free ends (C, D) of the other pressure member (4) and the third pressure member (6). 3. Prestressed component according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the two pressure members (150, 152) respectively a fixed member O154. 156) carries that the tension members (160, 162) each attack at the free end (A and C) of the associated pressure member and at the free end of the associated fixed member that a third tension member is arranged between the free ends of the two fixed members and that the hinge point (B) of the two pressure members lies between the free ends of the fixed members and the free ends of the pressure members. .10984171252 Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Honke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse 4. Prestressed component according to one of claims 1-3, characterized characterized in that the holding member is used as a tension rod (14) between the free ends (A, C) of the two pressure members (2, 4) is. 5. Prestressed component according to claim 2, characterized in that the three pressure members in the common hinge point (B) (102, 104, 106) a fourth pressure member (108) is articulated in such a way that it is together with the two first pressure members (102, 104) forms a three-sided pyramid, at the top of which the third pressure member (ΙΟβ) is hinged, and that the free end of the third pressure member is connected to the three corners (A, C, E) of this pyramid via tension members (110, 112, 114). 6. Prestressed component according to claim 5, characterized in that the corners (A, C, E) of the pyramid forming free Ends of the pressure members (102, 104, 108) are connected to one another by holding members (116, 118, 120). 7. A method for the production of arch structures with the help of prestressed components according to claim 4, characterized in that that a number of the prestressed components by tension members engaging at the hinge points (B) adjacent components (16) are connected to an arch, that the first and the last tension member as well as the first and the last Component of the arch to be attached to a floor anchor, that in each case the second pressure member (4) of a component is connected to the adjacent first pressure member (2) of the following component is, while the preload in the components by the 109841/175? Patent attorneys Dr. W. Andrejewski, Dr. M. Konke, 43 Essen, Kettwiger Strasse 36 Tension rods (14) is maintained, and that finally the tension rods are removed, whereby a preload for each Component can be achieved by the abutting components. 8. A method for the production of domed structures with the help of prestressed components according to claim 5 * characterized in, that a number of pretensioned components (100) attack by components lying next to one another at the hinge points (B) three groups of tension members (130, 132, 133) to one Dome (122) are interconnected, the end members of each tension member group and those located at the ends Components are attached to an anchorage, the corners (A, C, E) of adjacent pyramid-shaped components with each other are connected while the prestress is maintained in them by the tension rods (116, 118, 120), and that finally the tie rods are removed so that the preload can be achieved in each component through its corner connection with the adjoining components. Patent attorney. 103841/1252