DE2106912A1 - Process for vaporizing or atomizing a liquid - Google Patents

Description

vt on M _{31n 70} n, j-ebruar 1971

Grzy / Ha.

Cabot Corporation, 125 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Process for evaporating or atomizing a liquid

Devices for atomizing and / or vaporizing liquids on a large scale usually contain moving parts. For example, when you spray insecticidal liquids if you want, you do this by introducing the liquid into the compressor part of a jet engine. With other devices for atomization, the liquid is allowed to impinge on a rapidly rotating wheel or the like, the Liquid through a strong physical impact into fine Droplet is split. There are various devices for this process.

In the chemical industry, liquids are often converted into a vapor state. There are also various devices for this purpose in which the liquid is sprayed onto a heated surface in a closed space which is so hot that the liquid evaporates. Simple boiling is also widely used. All of these gowns are useful for certain uses. However, if you want to dispense liquids or mixtures of liquids in order to dispose of vi elco et , these methods often have disadvantages. Some liquids are azeotropic, and when they boil or evaporate quickly, they do not form a vapor of the same mixture as the liquid. Some other fluids, both

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For example, tars from the processing of petroleum consist of components of so different vapor pressures and boiling points and are so highly viscous that up to now they could not be vaporized or atomized. Such residual tars are formed during rapid evaporation only partially evaporated, and the higher-boiling components remain as tar or coke. The education such residues is of course very undesirable. The present invention overcomes many of these difficulties overcome.

Various methods of making furnace black are known. In this process, a liquid is sprayed out Hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g. a petroleum tar or a heavy oil, into a turbulent combustion gas, that was created by reacting a liquid fuel with an oxygen-containing gas such as air. The resulting mixture one then leads into a carbon-forming zone, where = * · ■■ "hydrocarbons serving as starting material are converted into soot will. The mixture flowing out of the soot-forming zone is then sealed off. Finally you separate the soot from the gases. Such methods are detailed in U.S. Patents No. 2,375,795, No. 2,590,660, No. 2,976,127, No. 3 oo9 784, No. 3 oo9 787, No. 3 o11 872, No. 3 1o3 148, No. 3 2o6 285, No. 3 244 484, No. 3 3o7 911, No. 3 41o 66o and No. 3 46o 911.

One of the difficulties with this method is the Introduction of the liquid hydrocarbons, which serve as waste matter, into the combustion gases. Experts showed that the Extraction of good furnace soot from oil depends on that the starting material quickly and in the form of uniform drip

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Chen is distributed in the combustion gas. Unfortunately, the physical and chemical properties of the hydrocarbons used as starting materials make it difficult to distribute them evenly and quickly in the combustion gas. For economic reasons, the remaining tars from the refining of petroleum are widely used as raw materials. These residual tars are usually very viscous and consist of mixtures of alkyl hydrocarbons and aryl hydrocarbons with a wide boiling range. Because of their viscosity, such tars are very difficult to atomize evenly. Also, because of the wide boiling range of the constituents, such tars cannot be easily evaporated. Some of the ingredients in these tars do not have fixed boiling points and will decompose rather than evaporate when the tars are heated above about 37o ° C. Evaporation methods for simpler liquid mixtures can therefore not be used with these tars, because certain components of them decompose before evaporation and lead to an undesirable coke formation in the device.

Attempts have also been made to achieve an improved atomization of the starting materials mentioned. The heavy remaining tars have often been preheated to temperatures at which strong degradation does not take place, in order to reduce their viscosity and to enable easier pumping and atomization. Various nozzles have also been used, which should have a particularly good shape for the respective process. With the help of these nozzles, a full or hollow spray cone can be achieved. Even so, when using these methods, clogging, coke build-up in the devices, and unevenness arise

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Introduction of the starting materials.

The invention makes it possible to overcome these difficulties Avoid the production of soot in whole or in part.

The aim of the invention is a new method for very fast Evaporation and / or atomization of liquids.

Another Siel of the invention is a device for implementation this process, which does not contain any moving parts.

Another object of the invention is to provide an efficient method of atomizing viscous liquids.

Another Siel of the invention is an effective method for Atomization and / or evaporation of mixtures of liquids, the components of which have very different boiling points.

Another essential aim of the invention is a new method for the production of carbon black. In this process, the starting material consisting of liquid hydrocarbons is used introduced into an environment in which soot is produced. The introduction of the starting materials is done in a more effective, simple and of a trouble-free type. In this process, residual tars in particular can be used as the starting material. In which Process according to the invention for the production of carbon black obtain exceptionally high yields of carbon black of the desired quality.

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The method according to the invention is characterized in that one is in the stream by burning a fuel with an oxygen-containing gas resulting gas mixture with a kinetic energy of at least about 0.2 kg / cm within a closed zone one or more contiguous streams of the liquid to be vaporized or atomized introduces from the outside and hereby the ratio of the flow velocities of the combustion gas and that to be evaporated or holds the liquid to be atomized between about 1: 5 and 1: 100.

The drawings illustrate, for example, some embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows, in longitudinal section, a device with the aid of which, according to the invention, a liquid is atomized or evaporated can be.

FIG. 2 shows, in longitudinal section, a device with the aid which the production of carbon black can be carried out by the process according to the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a section through on an enlarged scale the introduction device for the liquid starting material in a device according to FIG. 2.

In the device according to Figure 1, a liquid fuel and an oxidizing gas are introduced into the combustion zone 1, where the fuel is burned. Preferably, the fuel is distributed before it enters combustion zone 1,

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by. Passing through the distributor 3, then the Fuel through the perforated plate 5 into the combustion chamber 1. The oxidizing gas is mixed with the liquid fuel by placing it in the upper part of zone 1 through the opening 11. The plate 5 not only separates the zone 1 and the distributor 3, but also distributes the liquid fuel and serves as a flame holder for the combustion. The hot combustion gases flow out of zone 1. The flow rate of these combustion gases is increased to a kinetic energy of at least 0.2 kg / cm. The liquid starting material that is to be atomized and / or vaporized is passed through the inlets 7 into the combustion gases introduced. The liquid starting material can be fed to these inlets through the main line 9. The so in the combustion gas e liquid introduced is due to the heat and kinetic energy of the flowing combustion gases vaporized rmd / or atomized.

All starting materials that flow continuously under the influence of shear forces are referred to as liquid, do not adjust this flow immediately when the action of the shear forces ceases and a practically constant volume at have constant temperatures.

It is also important that the liquid starting materials to be vaporized and / or atomized during the process do not react harmful to the combustion gases. This essentially inert behavior of the liquid starting materials depends to a large extent on the respective composition, the temperature, the contact time and the amount of combustion gases. By observing the chemical and physical

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Relationships KWiSf-tien the Yertr-emAUigegaöen and the liquid Starting material, the embossing can be decided whether it is inert are ο

According to the invention, the following liquids can, for example, be atoxicized and / or evaporated: V / asaer, aqueous solutions of inorganic or organic compounds, organometallic compounds, metals and metal alloys, organic liquids and the like. *! are: silicon tetrachloride, titanium tetra chloride, oils containing hydrocarbons, tars, silicon oils, butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, decanol _? ßlyiserin, TrITmt-ylaluminium, sodium, lead, sulfur, sulfurylohloriä, mineral oils, resin oils, cottonseed oil, biootylphthalat, Diieoootylphthalat, alkylhalosilanes like Methyltrlohlorailan, ^ iathyldlohlorsilan, Methyldiolilorbroiasilan and the like. From special "interest ALND existing essentially to the K.ohienvvasserstoffen residue Steere, the components very different molecular weight and very veraohiedener boiling included and hydrocarbons from mixtures of alky! And aryl hydrocarbons exist" These tars can be known only very difficult to evaporate and / or atomize. As chemical intermediates they could only be used until now to be therefore, if they do not evaporate or needed to be atomized "

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.c -it ^ ho _t 35 kg / cc "'v5; ^K ii.ra an der Einiixhr ^^ i ^ vuL ·. ·" ** the opening ^ o .na 2c ,, through which I «r ^ s ai ^ ea K.oii.I ^ iiviwSai-retofi 'existing output 2- su dein ätrc-ii der "^ rarnungagaöe ± ~ λ which will, the imprint ^{? i} transverse direction' ⁵ bödautet, in a WiK-ksl between about 45 ¹ " and about

135 ° 2u of the langa nozzle of the 2one 2o is inserted. Introducing "Starting materials" at an angle between 45 and approximately 95 "au the longitudinal axis of 2ci) e 2c is preferred. Instead of the shown® ?! single opening Sc can also have several such Entrance o-'iaanges arranged around the zone & Ό aein, out which radially several contiguous streams of the liquid hydrocarbon from the circumference in the zone 2o in the 7erbrenntgaae can enter. If the diameter of the zone 2o is greater than about 13 mm, it is advisable to achieve a uniform Use several such openings to distribute and introduce the starting materials.

1 09836/1 ^ B

The temperature and the flow rate of the combustion gases must be controlled to suit the type and feed rate the liquid to be atomized and / or evaporated, and the dimensions of the device used correspond.

Since the liquid starting materials in the form of one or more coherent If jets are introduced into the stream of combustion gases from the circumference, there are various advantages. Because the jets are contiguous, no obstacles or baffles are required to prevent the starting materials from flowing in prevent into the combustion gas. This is particularly advantageous if the liquid to be processed is viscous or contains solids which could contaminate the conventional spray nozzles used up to now.

In order to quickly and efficiently split the coherent jet or jets of liquid feedstock introduced, it is important that the flow of combustion gases through zone 20 be at a high velocity. He has a kinetic energy of at least o, 2 kg / cm have to invention can atomlsieren \ effective. Preferably, the flow of combustion gases where the starting materials are introduced has a kinetic energy of more than about 0.35 kg / cm.

Regardless of the number of continuous rays of the starting material introduced, it is important that these rays penetrate into the flow of combustion gases in such a way that they break the walls prior to intimate mixing with the combustion gases do not touch the device or only touch it insignificantly. This condition is achieved by regulating the flow velocity.

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ability of the combustion gases where the starting materials are introduced, d'ircli the shape and dimensions of the device, by the shape and number of openings for the introduction of the liquid, by the amount of liquid introduced, by the pressure used for this purpose and the like. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these conditions can be changed by controlling one or more of the named variables. The introduction of coherent liquid jets of the starting material into the combustion gases is probably a direct function of the ratio of the flow velocities and the kinetic energies of the combustion gases and the liquid starting materials, among other things. As a rule, this ratio should be kept between about 1: 3 and about 1: 100 in order to achieve the desired effect. Various methods can be used to achieve this ratio. For example, one can use the combustion ^ t. in zone 1 according to FIG. 1 and in zones 1o according to FIGS. 2 and 3 by supplying the fuel or the oxidizing agent in order to achieve a kinetic energy of more than about 0.2 kg / cm au within a given device. The shape of the device is also of major importance for the flow rate of the combustion gases. When passing the combustion gases through. a narrowed line, for example through the zones 2o according to FIGS. 2 and 3, a considerable acceleration can be achieved. In this particular embodiment of the device, the contiguous jets of liquid are introduced into the zones 2o with a narrowed cross-section, where the flow velocity of the combustion gases from the zones 1o reaches its maximum value. Under these conditions, the liquid starting material is released within about 10 milliseconds after entering

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Uaoii d @ E soimellen atomisiersnier siiigefülirtti ^ Liquid jets, a further atomisation or evaporation of the liquid droplets takes place because of the heat of the combustion gases. These droplets are now surrounded by hot combustion gases, which at least partially reduce their size. Evaporation decreases at the high temperatures. To achieve this, the combustion gases should have a heat content of at least 1.1o ⁶ Joule / ^{pc / cm 5} (2o, 1o ⁶ BTU / ^{pc / ft 3} ), preferably more than about 50.1o Joule / pc / cm (1000 .I0 BTU / St / ft ⁵ ).

As an oxidizing agent in the incineration is preferred uses molecular oxygen. So you can use air or other gases with at least about 20 percent by volume molecular

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stoff τοίΎί-3 ::. d en * Γ · "η.- oils 7ο? ν ±: ΛΑ \ ιη% better from jurats en, ij.r: d um aas Teri ^ lrrea. t-esser adapt" , If one uses κ! .- βr liihsfig Orytetionsmittel srit sin & iS higher (Jahalt an mole fcilsrGiii 8a «si ^: 3toff _a The oxyäisrende C- ^ a contains ai * li * a ^ -yoi-siigs- ■ yvsise ^ SBigstsns etsa 5o Volu! KproES? .Ii; molecular-? N iauerstoffε _; -Sclcfef. Sanrrs'äcf fha] tigen Ga;? - 3c-ind ii eut now emerges obtainliuJj-5 αηΰ 62ΐ'όΛ3,2 / αβ2ΐ in exercises ' E ^ gsl 95 Volume percent rsoIäKlare

ila fH.issigi-n Ei'iimiatoff one can lei ^ lit brer / ihare Bäaipfs or ii'It'sr-ift ^ it ^ ii octer Qemi.'ioli ^ of this related eil »like ■ b" ispi3lg '!? © iC '3 Wasc-arstoff, Eolilsnmasxyd, Methan- Aost ^ leri, Ajkoiiole. · 3 © "isin und -lergleielien, I? I 3 · τΤ Hegel ain5 s ^ lelie Sfennsijoffc yc * s: iEi ©} ion _? the% is especially hydrocarbons have a iioiian content of oil . Methane-rich natural gas or modified or enriched exhaust gases are excellent fuels, as are other hydrocarbon-rich gases such as petroleum gases, liquids and by-products of refineries with hydrocarbons with two to about four or five carbon atoms in the molecule, hot oils and the like. The heavier and more viscous tars and residual oils should only be used as fuel when using pure oxygen or oxygen-rich gas mixtures as oxidants, and when these fuels are diluted or otherwise reduced in viscosity in order to achieve complete combustion within the combustion zone 1 to achieve.

The quantitative ratio of fuel and oxidizing agent, which in the combustion zone 1 according to FIG. 1 and in the combustion zone 1o after the Flg. 2 and 3 are introduced, ao

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be set so that the oxidizing agent contains between about 5o and about 5oo percent of the amount of oxygen that is required for complete combustion of the fuel. The oxidizing agent preferably contains between about 80 and about 350 > that amount of oxygen which is necessary for complete combustion of the fuel with the formation of carbon dioxide. The temperature of the combustion can also be regulated by adjusting the ratio of fuel to oxygen, by regulating the rate of introduction of the fuel, or by additionally introducing lesser amounts of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the like into the combustion zone.

When the oxidant contains more oxygen than complete Burning the fuel is required and if the liquid to be vaporized or atomized is combustible is, for example, a hydrocarbonaceous oil or a If tar is, this raw material reacts with the remaining free oxygen after it has been introduced into the combustion gases.

When an atomized and / or vaporized hydrocarbon is to be converted into soot, it must with a hot combustion gas and / or a gas stream containing oxygen be brought into contact. This mixture happens after the Pig. 2 and 3 within zone 2oo. If you use one oxygen-containing gas stream, it does not need to be preheated. As a rule, however, one uses a hot stream of Combustion gases. Zone 2oo therefore contains a burner. at During this combustion, a liquid fuel such as methane is passed through line 22o into distributor 23o. If the Fuel is a gas, it is preferably fed through the mouthpieces

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26o of the plate 25o led into the closed zone 2 ο, A Oxygen-containing gas stream, e.g., air, is introduced into zone 2oo through line 21o and inlet 24c. To stabilize the "combustion, the oxygen-containing Gas flow preferably introduced tangentially into zone 2oo, where it stabilizes the oil burning reaction by rotating,

After the introduction of a flow of the ucidic combustion product / or of the oxygen-containing gas into the zone 200, this flow is passed through the injection zone 35o. There the liquid starting material consisting essentially of hydrocarbons is introduced into the gas stream across the mouthpieces 150. This insertion is done in the transverse direction at an angle of about 45 ⁰ C in the direction of upstream up to about 135 ⁰ O in of downstream direction to the Lsngsachse of 35o zone. The starting material is atomized within the walls of the device. Although only one atomizer 1 can be used, at least two such devices are preferably arranged in such a way that they introduce the starting materials in the same plane into the compartment for the combustion gases and / or the oxygen-containing gases in zone 35o.

If a combustion is allowed to take place in zone 2oo, the proportions of fuel and oxygen containing gas, which are introduced into the zone 2oo, are regulated so that there between about 5o and about 5oo # for the complete combustion of the liquid fuel is required Oxygen are present. If the amount of oxygen is less than 100 # of the stoichiometrically required amount,

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ύ..ε , Β combustion gas contains little or no molecular oxygen. These hot verbal gases are used to convert nasty substances into silenced raw materials. Wssrn passing the Verbrsmimjg so, oxygen fl..aß amounts of iF.shr as 1co $ BtöoMoBtetriseh- the required amounts used ^ Si ⁵ OEE) _s ao Verbreiinmigsgiis containing free molecular oxygen, which express; siüam part of the at & missed starting material it reacts, 'YoTrr ^ siveiss I ¹ MIr rasm ⁵ He oxygen concentration between et s / o Bo and about 35 - "-? e that amount which sur complete Vs ^ remrang ies fltlsislgen fuel theo rstiisck G -rfGrdei'licii, Me iereoer &'^ iu the combustion can be controlled' who-oean. durcL B ^ gwlimg AEEA TsrliSltnisaes fuel sum oxygen duroli the Zuflihrungsgesohwindigkeit of BrQ2instoffes or d-uroh. susätsliches imports appropriate amounts of inert Saee., wis carbon dioxide , Nitrogen and the like.

For the production of soot, it is also necessary that the part serving as the starting material hydrocarbon in an environment with a temperature above about 13oo ° C, preferably is above about 165o C ^0, in the carbon black forming zone. The total heat generated by the burns in zones 1o and 2oo, if this zone 2oo is used as a combustion zone, should as a rule be sufficient to heat the reaction mixture above about 130 ° C. This is particularly important when the combustion gas does not contain any free molecular oxygen. If excess oxygen is used in the combustion zone, it is often sufficient for the combustion gas to have a temperature of less than 130 ° C. , with a temperature increase due to the conversion of part of the atomized gas

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Reached the starting material with the excess oxygen will.

The reaction mixture in zone 35o according to Figures 2 and is therefore in such a state that Soot can arise. For this it is only necessary that a sufficient residence time is provided in the soot-forming zone to create this. You can the reaction mixture from the lower end 41 o of the mixing zone 35o in a reaction zone 51 ο subtract. According to Fig. 2, the reaction chamber 45o is in open communication with the downstream located end of zone 35o. The reaction zone 51 ο should generally contain no obstacles and be larger in cross-section than the downstream one End 41 ο of the injection zone 35o. The upstream The end of the reaction zone 51 o should have a cross section that is several times, for example four times larger than the downstream end 41 ο of the injection zone 35o. The desired residence time for the formation of soot under the given working conditions can therefore be regulated by a suitable choice of the length and cross-section of the reaction zone 51o. The exact dwell time for each case naturally also depends on the particular reaction conditions and on the type of carbon black to be produced. In the inventive A dwell time of less than about 1 millisecond up to several seconds is usually sufficient for the process, preferably from 1 to 100 milliseconds, for most usual carbon black.

In order to stop the formation of soot, spray nozzles 61 ο are suitable Places of the deterrent zone 55o arranged. In Fig. 2, two such SprühdÜ3en 61 o are shown. The too

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spraying liquid, usually water, will-these Spray nozzles 61 o fed through lines 62 o. The education of soot is interrupted by the quenching, and the mixture exiting the quenching zone 55o consists of a hot aerosol of soot suspended in the combustion gas. After leaving Zone 55o, this will be Aerosol treated further by further cooling and separating the solid particles in the usual way.

The chamber 45o can be constructed from the usual refractory materials. It is preferable, however, that the entire device for the production of soot from a substance with a high thermal conductivity, e.g. from metal, and that cooling jacket 5o, 29o, 4oo, 5oo and 6oo are provided, through which a suitable coolant such as water during operation can be circulated, including the inlet openings and outlet openings 13o and 14b, 3oo and 31 ο, 36o and 37o, 46o and 47o, 56o and 57o serve.

example 1

In the method of this example, an apparatus according to Figures 2 and 3 used. The main dimensions were as follows:

Zone 2oo

Inner diameter of zone 2o 2o, 5 mm

Total length measured from the center

the plate 25o 12.2 cm

Length measured from the center of the inlet 24o 9.4 om

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Zone 35ο

Inner diameter of the zone 35o 2o, 5 mm

Total length from flange to splash 15.2 cm

Diameter of the mouthpiece 15o 6.5 mm Distance of the mouthpiece 15o from the downstream

lying end 41 ο 3.8 cm

Atomizer 1ooo

Inner diameter of zone 1o 9.5 mm

Diameter of zone 2o 6.5 mm total length from plate 6o to

Mouthpiece 15o 6.6 cm

Length of zone 2o 3.2 cm

Diameter of the mouthpiece 9o o, 65 mm

Distance of the mouthpiece 9o to the mouthpiece 15o 2.5 cm Distance from the center of the plate 6o

to the center of the inlet 16o 1.3 cm

Zone 45o see table I.

Zone 55o

Total length from splash to splash 15.2 cm

Distance of the quenching nozzles 61 ο from the
upstream splash 7.6 cm

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The following Table I contains the variables of the process for each run to produce carbon black as well as the yields the surfaces and properties of the carbon blacks obtained. Experiments 14 and 15 do not correspond to the present one Invention and are listed for comparison purposes only. In these experiments, the liquid starting material was means the usual atomization process introduced into the oxygen-containing gas stream in zone 35o. In experiments 14 and In 15, the atomizing devices were 1,000 completely removed and replaced by conventional atomizing nozzles. If you compare that The result of these tests, for example, with the results of tests 12 and 13, in which similar carbon blacks were produced, so you can see what improvements the invention brings with it.

In all experiments, oxygen was used as the oxidizing agent, methane as the fuel, and nitrogen as the inert diluent used.

As a liquid starting material, which is introduced through the mouthpieces 9o became a residual tar from the catalytic Used cracking from a petroleum refinery which had the following properties:

API gravity at 15.6 ⁰ C (ASTM D-287) -4.5 Specific Gravity at 15.6 ⁰ C (ASTM-D-287) 1, o92

Viscosity (SSU) at 54 ^° C. (ASTM-D-88) 516.2

Viscosity (SSU) at 99 ° C (ASTN-D-88) 61.4

Content of carbon, weight percent 9o, 87 content of hydrogen, weight percent 7.4o

Sulfur content, weight percent 1.98

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- 2ο -

In Table I, the carbon black yield is expressed as a percentage based on the amount of carbon introduced.

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Attempt; No. Zone 2oo Table I. ratio of Nitrogen as 1 supplied amount Oxygen to
Fuel (#) Diluents
VAT 2 fuel
m ⁵ / pc 15o 22.1 3 15.3 supplied amount 18o 22.4 4th 13.4 oxygen
nryst 213 22.6 5 9.3 45.8 3oo 22.6 6th 6.6 48.1 16o 22.6 7th 9.9 39.6 148 22.6 8th 13.4 39.6 148 22.6 9 13.4 31.7 148 22.6 ο 1o 13.4 39.6 216 22.6 CD 11 9.3 39.6 - 22.6 OO 12th 39.6 - 22.6 CvJ 13th _ 39.6 16o 22.6 cn H 12.4 42.4 213 22.6 _ ₄ 15th 9.3 42.4 16o 22.4 CJ 17.7 39.6 155 22.4 O) 18.2 39.6. O 57.5 56.6

Table I (1st continuation)

GO CO CO

Amounts supplied to each of the atomizers 1,000

Amount supplied Amount supplied Ratio of oxygen fuel oxygen to fuel

Attempt no. m ³ / pc 1 2.4 2 4.2 3 8.5 4th 4.2 5 4.2 6th 4.2 7th 4.2 8th 4.2 9 8.5 1o 1o, 6 11 12.5 12th 5.3 13th 8.5 14th * 15th *

9.3
8.5
17, o
6.8
13.6
17, o
17, o
17, o
17, o
17.0
19.8
17, o

19o

1oo

1oo

8o

16o

2oo

2oo

2oo

1oo

8o

8o

16o

1 oo *

Table I (2nd continuation)

CD CC OO CO CD

CO CO CD

Kinetic energy of the supplied amount of kinetic energy Combustion gases in the liquid starting ' of the starting material Zone 2o fabric in the mouthpiece 9ο Try IJr. kg / cm m ⁵ / pc kg / cm 1 1, o5 4, o5 8.75 2 1, o5 4, o5 8.75 3 2.45 4.81 9.8o 4th o, 98 3.79 7.4o 5 1.4o 3.51. 5.65 6th 2.3- · 4.42 7 ₉ 5o 7th 2.17 3.82 7.6o 8th 1.61 4.53 8.95 ^f 9 2, o3 4.7o 8.55 S 1o 2.24 3.9o 4.75 11 2.66 5.24 9.6o ' 12th 1.75 4.7o 8.75 13th 2.1o 4, 70 8.4o 14th * 4.13 8.55 15th * 3.62 8.1o

* not applicable as atomized under pressure

O CT) CO

Table I (3rd port setting)

Soot-forming Zone 45o 3o, 4 properties Dwell time End product
1 of - - Own 3o, 4 between the j yield Upper shaft Attempt no. Diameter - 3o, 4 • mouthpiece 15 ο ; on coal area (Scale) length
(cm) 3o, 4 ■ and the spray : material 2 / 3o, 4 nozzles 61 ο 6o, 8th ; Milliseconds 6o, 8th 2.6 8o 5.1 - 6o, 8th 2.6 3o, 5 121 8o 1 5.1 - 6o, 8th 2.7 28.9 124 8o 2 5.1 - 15.2 3.4 25.4 131 82 3 5.1 - 15.2 3.7 28.0 148 81.5 4th 5.1 - 3o, 4 5.5 28.5 156 76.5 VJI 5.1 - 6o, 8th 6, o 36.6 31o 73 6th 5.1 - 21.6 12.8 26.2 428 82 7th 7.6 - 6o, 8th 12.9 48.8 124 82 8th 7.6 - 2.2 46.2 129 83.5 9 5.1 - 1.8 36.1 ι 137 8o 1o 5.1 - 2.6 39.2 ' 126 81 11 5.1 - 6, o 51.2 ■ 178 8g * 5 12th 5.1 - 2.5 47.2 154 81 13th 2.5 -1 5.0 44, o 162 78.5 14th 5.1 - 39.5 161 VJI

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The examples show that the process according to the invention

different within a wide range of working conditions Carbon blacks, even those with very small particle sizes, can produce in unexpectedly high yields. This is it naturally only to give examples by which the scope of the invention is not to be limited.

Instead of the raw material used, other im essential liquids consisting of hydrocarbons used to make carbon black. You can also use other combinations of oxygen-containing gases and liquids Fuels used.

The carbon blacks produced according to the invention can be used for many purposes. This also includes the usual uses as reinforcing agents, fillers, pigments, stabilizers against short-wave radiation and the like in rubber, Plastics, paints, lacquers, printing inks and the like.

The carbon blacks produced according to the invention can also be aftertreated, to better adapt them to their intended use. They can be pelletized, for example, in the wet or dry state deform, partially oxidize them by treatment with ozone, air, oxidizing mineral acids and the like, by heating convert them into graphite, treat them with steam, grind them or process them in other known ways.

10983S / 133D

The method according to the invention can also be used there where you don't want to produce soot from hydrocarbons, but rather where you want to atomize and / or vaporize other liquids. For example, liquid insecticides can be used according to the invention atomize or evaporate and in the form of a cloud in leave out the atmosphere. For other uses it may be necessary that the stream of vaporized or atomized Starting materials is treated further. The above are just two special examples of possible uses.

A liquid can also be converted into an aerosol if the process according to the invention is carried out in such a way that the Liquid initially evaporated practically completely and then the gas stream obtained into a condensation or cooling zone introduces whose temperature is below the dew point of the evaporated liquid. This embodiment of the method is in Example 2 below.

Example 2

A device according to FIG. 1 was used for this purpose. The dimensions of this device were as follows: Zone 1 inner diameter 15.9 mm

Zone 2 inner diameter 15.9 mm

Length of zone 1 between plate 5

and the mouthpieces 7 17.8 cm

Length of zone 1 between the inlet for
the oxidizer and mouthpieces 7 15.2 cm in diameter of each inlet port 17
(7 inlet openings are provided, one in the
Middle and the other equally spaced
of 13 mm in circumference) 1.6 mm

Diameter of each of the mouthpieces 7 (4 mouthpieces, equally spaced 13 mm from the downstream end 12 at angles of

9o ° are arranged) o, 76 am

A natural gas, which essentially consisted of methane, was used as fuel in this experiment. This natural gas had a calorific value of about 50 joules / cm (1,000 BTU / ft). It was introduced in an amount of 28.3 m through the inlet 24 into the distribution chamber 3 and from there through the openings 17 of the plate 5 into the zone 1. A gas mixture with more than 99 % molecular oxygen was used as the oxidizing agent was introduced into zone 1 through the tangential inlet opening 11 in an amount of 56.6 m. The resulting gas mixture, which was ignited in zone 1, produced a combustion gas with a heat content of about 17.5.1o ⁶ Joule / St / cm ⁵ (35o.1o ⁶ BTU / St / ft ³ ). The flow of combustion gases was passed through zone 2 with a kinetic energy of about 1.2 kg / cm. A silica sol (Syton-P from Monsanto Corporation) containing about 70% by weight of water and about 30% by weight of colloidal silicon dioxide was introduced through the mouthpieces 7 in an amount of about 23o kg per hour. The mixture was passed from the outlet opening 21 through a line which was so long that the temperature of the gas mixture could drop below about 200.degree. Then the mixture was passed through a bag filter. The silicon dioxide of the starting material was obtained as a dry powder. The gases leaving the filter are clear and a cloud of water condenses from them on contact with the surrounding atmosphere.

109836/1360

Claims (25)

Patent claims: 1. Process for evaporating or atomizing a liquid, characterized in that one is in the stream by burning a fuel with an oxygen-containing one Gas resulting gas mixture with a kinetic energy of at least about 0.2 kg / cm within a closed Zone one or more contiguous streams of liquid to be vaporized or atomized outside introduces and here the ratio of the flow velocities of the combustion gas and that to be evaporated or holds the liquid to be atomized between about 1: 3 and 1: 100. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid fuel is used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an oxygen-containing gas is used, which is about 8o to about 35o% of the amount required for complete combustion of the Contains fuels required oxygen. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that an oxygen-containing gas is used, which contains at least about 90 percent by volume oxygen. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow of the combustion gases is given a kinetic energy of at least about o, 35 kg / cm. 109836/1360 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the desired flow rate of the combustion gas by passing it through achieved a narrowed part of the combustion zone. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a combustion gas with a heat content of at least about 1.1o Joule / St / cm (2o.1o BTU / St / ft ³ ) is used. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a combustion gas with a heat content of at least about 5o.1o ⁶ Joule / St / cm ⁵ (1ooo, 1o ⁶ BTU / St / ft ⁵ ) is used. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the mixture of the combustion gas and the vaporized liquid in a subsequent Zone cools below the dew point of the steam. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in, that one for the production of soot a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons is used as the liquid to be atomized. 11. Method according to claim 1o, characterized in that ouui »1 · Brtnnitoff methane is used. 12. The method according to claim 1o or 11, characterized in that Since one uses combustion gas, welohee at least not Contains 2o yolu percent free oxygen. 109836/1360 13. The method according to any one of claims 1o to 12, characterized characterized in that one is the liquid to be atomized a residue tar is used. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1o to 13, characterized in that the liquid to be atomized is introduced at an angle of 45 ° to 95 ° to the direction of flow of the combustion gas. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1o to 14, characterized in that that the mixture of the combustion gas and the liquid introduced is at least about 130.degree holds. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the mixture of the combustion gas and the introduced liquid holds at least about 165 ° G. 17. The method according to any one of claims 1o to 16, characterized in that the mixture of the combustion gas and the introduced and atomized liquid is quenched after formation of the soot particles. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the time between the introduction of the liquid and the quenching is kept between about 1 and about 100 milliseconds. 19. The method according to any one of claims 1o to 18, characterized in that the liquid to be atomized is in dnea Stroa introduces a wide combustion gas, which 109836/1360 is produced by burning a liquid fuel with an oxygen-containing gas. 20. The method according to claim 19 »characterized in that one used as fuel for the production of the second combustion gas methane. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 2o, characterized in, that the second combustion gas used is that obtained by burning the liquid fuel with a Containing at least 2ο percent by volume of molecular oxygen Gas is preserved. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the second combustion gas used is one which by burning the liquid fuel with more than 90 percent by volume molecular oxygen Gas is preserved. 23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that that one uses as the second combustion gas one obtained by burning the liquid fuel with between about 50 and about $ 500 of the liquid fuel required to completely burn the de3 Oxygen has been developed. 24. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that that one uses a second combustion gas with a kinetic energy of at least about 0.2 kg / cm. 109836/1360 2 * 1 - ~ t, "■ .'Λ Λ ο ί υ b -j ι / 25. Procedure according to. Claim. 24 «characterized in that one a second combustion gas with a kinetic energy of at least 0.35 is used. 109836/1360 Blank page