DE2029462B2 - LINEAR MACHINE WITH REPULSION EFFECT FOR SINGLE-PHASE AC - Google Patents

Description

Linear motors have become known that work with a traveling field generated by a three-phase current is formed in the first winding of the motor and in the short-circuited second winding, which is also can consist of a continuous flat rail made of iron or another metal, generates currents, which are used to generate forces and thus to move the stator and rotor of the motor against each other. This embodiment of the linear motor corresponds to; essentially a cut open and into the Level developed three-phase motor, the first winding is housed in slots and like this one must be fed via at least three supply lines. You can also turn on such an engine connect a single-phase network, but then you need as with a single-phase induction motor to Starting up a capacitor or a choke coil to create a phase-shifted field in one phase produce. This traction help can then be dispensed with during operation. But basically it works Motor with a traveling field, the speed of which corresponds to the frequency of the supplied current, and if the speed of the motor rotor deviates from this speed, the secondary winding occurs Slip power, which is uselessly converted into heat.

The present invention shows how to avoid these disadvantages. To this end, the known fact that in a

ίο in a single-phase alternating field, short-circuited winding currents are generated that cause the turn to be moved out of the area of this field. Is the turn z. B. rotatable, so it adjusts itself so that its winding axis is perpendicular to that of the alternating field. A well-known one An example of this effect is the repulsion motor, in which the rotor has a commutator and Brushes uniaxially short-circuited and the rotor winding axis through the brushes in a certain

* ° th, adjustable angle to the stator winding axis is held, which then occurs the desired torque generation. Who the difficult Current reversal, these machines could not be designed for greater power. Lately is the repulsive motor has been realized in such a way that that the rotor winding is continuously short-circuited in one phase and the stator winding axis is electronically short-circuited advances.

Can the above short-circuited turn, which can also be a flat metal plate, only move perpendicular to the axis of the alternating field, a force is exerted on them in this direction, which it tries to withdraw from the influence of the alternating field. This repulsion effect is also used in the linear motors known from German patent specification 973 306 and French patent specification 695 386 used for single-phase alternating current. In these, the second winding is a short-circuit coil, which is arranged on an anchor made of sheet iron. The resulting repulsion effect, that the short-circuit coil penetrated by a single-phase alternating field and thereby essentially is pushed out of it perpendicular to this field, but is through such a laminated core almost completely wiped out, because beyond the range of the short-circuited coils The flux emanating from the initial winding can very easily close with armature plates because this armature part has no counterflow and has a good magnetic conductivity. The first development therefore only needs to take a relatively small current in the known machines to the to generate full flux in the leakage path, outside the area of the short-circuit coil. Accordingly is also

the current in the short-circuit coil, which cancel the flooding of the primary winding in the overlap area should, very small, and therefore only very small thrust forces are achieved. Also enlarge the Anchor plates the mass of the second part, which causes large inertia forces when it moves.

Furthermore, in the case of FIGS. 2 to 7, the French patent 695 386 known linear motors, the short-circuited secondary winding always under the influence of two neighboring river poles. So if there is one pole the area covered by the short-circuit coil and therefore almost flux-free area under the influence of the If movement decreases, it increases at the same time

Dimensions at the neighboring pole, d. That is, the short-circuit coil works with a motor at one pole and at the other regenerative. The outward force is therefore very small, plus the reduction as a result bridging part of the air gap by the anchor iron. As a result, the exerted force is completely zero when the two coil sides of the short-circuit coil each under the Are in the center of the pole.

By contrast, the present invention is intended to be used in a linear machine with repulsion action for single-phase AC a much greater thrust can be achieved. The invention is based on a linear machine with repulsion effect, consisting of an essentially C-shaped laminated core, in which an alternating flux is generated by a primary winding fed with a current of constant frequency, which is movable relative to the laminated core in the air gap and short-circuited secondary winding, which partially covers the pole faces corresponding to the cross section of the laminated core. According to According to the invention, this linear machine is designed in such a way that that the air gap outside the counter-flow area of the second winding is free of iron and the Second winding metal plates (winding plates), which are spaced approximately the length of the pole face follow one another, and that furthermore the first winding only carries current as long as the pole face of the Winding plates is covered when moving past in such a way that the shielded surface when motorized Working decreases from an adjustable maximum value to zero, but when working as a generator increases from zero to an adjustable maximum value.

In the linear machine designed according to the invention thus contains the second part outside of the Area of the secondary winding no iron parts influencing the magnetic conductivity, so that accordingly The entire air gap width of the fixed part is available for the generation of forces. Man However, even for the small river that penetrates the secondary winding, it only receives the bad one magnetic conductance of air. This flux is very small because it only has small voltage drops must cover that the current causes in the secondary winding. Hence the one that is allotted to this river biloung Share in the first stream is very small. The remaining large share, however, corresponds to the second stream, which thus exerts the force corresponding to the large air gap and the square of the induction, which the secondary winding drives forward in the desired direction until, with decreasing driving force, the has released entire pole face, which corresponds to the so-called idle position. Since the Invention trained linear machine the short-circuit coil always only in the area of an alternating flux pole takes the pole face shielded by it from an adjustable one when working with a motor Maximum value down to zero when working in generator mode on the other hand from zero to an adjustable maximum value. The force becomes zero only at the end of the pole achieved.

The second winding passes through two idle positions, the first when its front side is the pole face reaches, and ci / .e second if its back is the pole face leaves. You only need to ensure that the primary winding is disconnected from the mains, when the two-winding reaches the first idle position, and is only switched on again when they leave the short-circuit position for a longer or shorter period Has. However, this does not cause any difficulties if the initial winding is switched on and off electronically

will. This has the advantage that the magnetic energy stored in the air gap is always is returned to the network and in the second winding no more besides the electricity Losses occur because there is no slip power. You can therefore at all speeds work with the same frequency and also with constant voltage, with the developed The thrust depends on the pole face coverage at which the primary winding is switched on and off.

You can of course always enable the electronic control with the same pole face coverage and work with voltage control, e.g. by means of a step transformer.

In the following the invention is based on the in the Fig. 1 to 6 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view and FIG. 2 in a side view perpendicular to the direction of movement, the laminated core 1 of a transformer with an air gap

a5 in the middle of the right thigh. On both sides of the air gap, the subdivided primary winding 2, 3 is arranged, which is connected to a single-phase network via the thyristors 4, S connected. The second winding is made rectangular by a number, in the example by three flat metal plates (winding plates) 6, 7, 8, e.g. B. made of iron or copper, the area of which is about corresponds to the pole face of the laminated core and which is a mutual fixed in the direction of movement Distance about the length of the pole face. Depending on the intended use, the Parts of the second winding 6, 7, 8 are arranged in a stationary manner, and the laminated core 1 with the first winding 2, 3 is moved yourself or vice versa.

The laminated core 1 with the first winding 2, 3 is fixed in the illustrated embodiment and the second winding 6, 7, 8 is movable and the winding plate 7 has a position relative to the pole face of the laminated core, as shown in FIG. 2 is shown, where _^2/3 of the laminated core pole face on the left side by the Wick-

treatment plate 7 shielded and only V ₃ in the right area are free. For the moment of flooding indicated by crosses and dots, the main flow can only close in the direction indicated by arrows over the right, unshielded pole face, while the winding plate 7 is only penetrated by a small flux, which causes the counterflow indicated by cross and dot. With the indicated direction of current and field, a force is exerted on the winding plate 7 which drives it to the left in the direction indicated by the arrow.

If the back of the winding plate 7 has reached the left side cer pole face (Fig. 3), so is the front the winding plate 8 on the right side

the pole surface of 1 arrived, and the two thyristors 4 and 5 are blocked until the Winding plate 8 has assumed the position of winding plate 7 in FIG. 2 or in front of or behind it depending on the desired driving force that can be achieved

want to. If the pole width is denoted by b in Fig. 2 and the rear side of the winding plate 7 is at a distance χ from the right-hand long side of the pole face, the first winding is over the path b - χ .

switched and switched off via path b + χ . The plates have reached about the angle 30 ° and at

Therefore χ is smaller, the longer the winding angle 180 ° is switched off.

on and the shorter it stays off. The pole You can also do the first windings, as in the example

width b corresponds to the revolving repulsion mo-

tor an angle of 180 °, and the maximum value of the S close, the operation of the machine remains

Torque occurs approximately at an angle of ISO "here, nevertheless, that of a single-phase repulsion

on. Accordingly, in the case of the linear repulsion motor, the three phases of the three-phase network would be linear motors

According to the present invention, the development are only loaded one-phase one after the other.

over about 83% of the pole pitch and over about steadily.

117% off. ¹⁰ The simple structure and the low cost

In order to prevent the loss of drive power during the electronics required, in particular, many Avoiding downtime of the development can be used for this type of machine. One can

a second laminated core is to be seen in which they can be used e.g. for vehicles, especially rail vehicles

Position of the winding plate running through it to use witness, because in contrast to known

a whole pole pitch or a multiple of it ¹ S linear motors only one overhead line is required,

is spatially offset. Thus, Fig. 3 shows a second one in this case the winding plates of the

Laminated core 9, which is fixed by three pole pitches «540 °, and the second part is arranged on the

is offset compared to the laminated core 1 and accommodate its vehicle. The simple arrangement of the

Pole surface completely removed by the winding plate 6 - developments can be implemented as high-chip ·

is shielded while being under the pole face of the * ° winding too. You can use the machine as normal

Laminated core 1 is no winding plate, so male repulsion motors with constant voltage

that the river can develop unhindered here. operate (at constant frequency), but it is also

During the time in which in the winding plate 6 of a change in voltage via a transformer

the winding of the laminated core 9 is possible approximately from the angle. You then get a smaller reactive power at

ISO "are generated on currents which ^{approach the winding 1} S. Switching over of winding parts is also possible

If you move the plate from right to left, the possible.

Winding plate 8 under the pole face of the laminated core- You can also push the machine for conveyor systems old 1, the winding of which is switched off, so use it, with the laminated cores stationary that this winding can be implemented a short time after it can be and the second part in the form of a flat winding plate 6 has come into the field-free zone. It is then only towards it can be switched on, for example at an angle of 180 °, ensure that the mechanical connections with the the pole pitch of the laminated core 1, so that now the winding plates do not form any short-circuit turns, from this and the winding plate 8 the drive because otherwise the alternating flux in every position of the Forces for the second part are supplied, short-circuited via a second part compared to the lost part short toe would be 30 ° = 180 ° - 150 ° with the pole pitch of 35 and the effect as a repulsion machine would not Laminated core 1 are the windings of both laminated cores. Generative work is also kete 1 and 9 switched off, so that during this time possible if one is the control for a certain no forces are exerted on the second part. Direction of movement, e.g. B. to the right, maintains that

You can avoid this if you let several, -load force but greater than the motor force,

sheet metal stacks that are spatially offset from one another so that the second part is pulled through to the left,

sees, as shown in Fig. 4 with three laminated cores 1, 9, for braking with the same direction of movement

10 is shown. Here are a double pole pairing, the control is on the opposite

division = 720 "three sheet metal stacks 1, 9, 10 with their direction.

Developments and a mutual distance from the control of the thyristors is appropriate

60 ° distributed, and in this way you achieve that 45 from the position of the winding plates to the sheet metal

at least one laminated core is always effective. The ket made dependent, e.g. by light barriers that

Laminated core 9 is only intended to indicate that the actual winding plate is interrupted by the passing

Lich existing laminated core 9 are flat in the same position, or by resonant circles, <"e of the

plates are detuned with respect to a winding plate of the second part. By shifting this

finds and the task of the unneeded sheet metal package 5 ° signal transmitter compared to the sheet metal package can be done by the pole

ketes 9 * takes over. be determined in which the thyrial

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, ignited and blocked "" des.

example moves the second from the right. Another possible application of the invention

to the left, if the development of the sheet metal forming concept exists in looms for the back

kete 1, 9, 10 in one pitch of the winding plates 55 and reciprocating movement of the shooter who moves the coil of the

be switched on, in which the hanging sides of the weft thread are carried, or at the stand of a grasp

Wkklungsplattenjeweibetwabe at an angle of 150 ° or fers, which the weft thread from an outside of the

Less of the associated pole pitch of the laminated cores removes the coil located on the track To protect and

are located. The windings are turned off, grippers at their most appropriate for the weaving operation

when the left sides have reached the angle 0 ° &> Let form zn, the acceleration and

or even before. Braking forces on them expediently with hooves of a

The course of the force over the Polwmkel with the special device that also transmits the Starting is indicated in Fig. 5, it corresponds roughly to the second part of the Lmear motor,

the course of the torque in the case of Repubionsöio- Fig. 6 shows schematically one such

gate above the ikeL You can trier the 65 Aew g for the back and forth movement of a

Reach multiples of face value. To reverse loom-shooters. The shooter 11 becomes vertical

In the direction of movement, the windings are moved back and forth towards the image plane. He will for that

«Switches when the right sides of the Wickhmgs accelerate or decelerate from a« device

12 added, which is suitably made of light metal and has flat wings 13,14 on both sides, which take on the task of the above winding plates. They protrude one each into the air gap Laminated core 15, 16 with associated first windings 17, 18 and 19, 20, the pole faces of which they are at the beginning cover about 83% of the acceleration with a pole pitch angle of about 150 °. When switching of the first windings (via thyristors), the device 12 with the contactor 11 is made, for example ejected from the plane of the image. By a second pair of winding plates at a distance of one PoI pitch against the direction of movement, the device can be switched on again by switching on the first windings accelerated again after a pause of about one pole division.

Instead, the device 12 can also be implemented with just a pair of winding plates and by a second, appropriately spaced pair of laminated cores, similar to the example according to FIG. 3 can be accelerated again. At the other end of the web, the archer is through the same device as 12 caught and braked in the laminated core, to then in the opposite Direction to be accelerated again. The device must be in the end position reached after completion of the acceleration process are held so that they can be used for the coming Braking process is ready. Here, too, the advantage is noticeable that in the second part only those for the Maintaining the current required losses and no slip power occur, as is the case with Wanto derfeldmotoren is the case when deviating from synchronism.

In a similar way, other work machines with straight movement, e.g. planing machines, can be driven,
Corresponding to the duty cycle of about 42% within a period of two pole divisions, the utilization of the machine goes back to about 65 % , ie it has to measure about 50% higher for the same performance as a machine for 100% duty cycle will. This disadvantage is largely offset by the simple structure, the economical production and the simple associated electronics.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Linear machine with repulsion action, consisting of a substantially C-shaped Laminated core in which an alternating flow is generated by a development fed with a current of constant frequency is generated, which is movable and short-circuited in the air gap relative to the laminated core Second winding penetrates which the pole faces corresponding to the cross section of the laminated core partially covered, characterized in that that the air gap is outside the counterflow area of the secondary winding is iron-free and the second winding has metal plates (6, 7, 8) (winding plates) that are spaced apart of about the length of the pole face, and that the first winding (2, 3) only carries current as long as the pole face of the winding plates (6, 7, 8) is moving past is covered in such a way that the shielded surface in motorized work vein an adjustable Maximum value decreases to zero, when working as a generator, on the other hand, from zero to one adjustable maximum value increases. 2. Linear machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a second laminated core (9) with first winding at a distance of one or one ung ·. even multiples of the length of a pole face acts on the same W'.cklungsplatten (6, 7, 8) of the second part. 3. Linear machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when using several Laminated cores these are arranged so that with staggered activation of the first windings an even force is exerted on the second windings. 4. Linear machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when switching the first windings via thyristors (4, S) this depending on the mutual, adjustable The position of the laminated core (1) and winding plates (6, 7, 8) can be controlled.