DE202021004172U1 - Multi-ply tissue paper product - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-ply tissue paper product comprising two or more plies, the average basis weight of the plies being less than 40 g/m ² , and the multi-ply tissue paper product having a GMT tensile strength of at least 100 N/m, at least one ply being a wood-free tissue ply, wherein the wood-free fabric layer
wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% of the dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer,
wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contain at least 15% hemicellulose, and
wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contain no more than 15% lignin.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a multi-ply tissue paper product comprising at least one wood-free tissue ply comprising wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.

BACKGROUND

Tissue paper is widely used in modern society. Toilet paper and paper towels such as towels or household towels (kitchen towels), face towels, handkerchiefs, serviettes and industrial towels are among the basic necessities of retail. These products are typically made from paper pulp containing wood fibers such as hardwood and softwood fibers.

In the following, the term "tissue paper product" refers to an absorbent paper product based on cellulose wadding, which is also referred to as tissue paper material or tissue paper base sheet in this field of technology.

Tissue paper material is defined as a soft, absorbent paper material with a low basis weight, eg 8 to 45 g/m ² , preferably 10 to 35 g/m ² per ply. The total basis weight of multi-ply tissue paper products can preferably be up to a maximum of 110 g/m ² , preferably up to a maximum of 80 g/m ² . The density is typically below 0.6 g/cm ³ , preferably below 0.30 g/cm ³ and more preferably in the range from 0.02 g/cm ³ to 0.20 g/cm ³ . The production of tissue paper differs from conventional paper production, eg printing paper production, due to its relatively low basis weight and relatively high energy absorption index (see ISO 12625-4). Conventional paper and tissue paper also generally differ with regard to the modulus of elasticity, which, as a material parameter, characterizes the stress/strain properties of these generally flat products.

The fibers contained in tissue paper are mainly cellulosic fibers such as chemical pulp fibers (e.g. Kraft or sulfite) or mechanical pulp (e.g. groundwood, thermomechanical pulp, chemomechanical pulp and/or chemo-thermo-mechanical pulp /CTMP). Both deciduous (hardwood) and coniferous (softwood) pulps can be used. The fibers can also come from wood-free plants, e.g. from grain, bamboo, jute or sisal. The fibres, or part of the fibres, may be recycled fibres, which may belong to any or all of the above categories. The fibers may be treated with additives such as fillers, plasticizers such as, but not limited to, quaternary ammonium compounds and binders, conventional dry strength agents, temporary wet strength agents, or wet strength agents to facilitate original papermaking or to adjust its properties.

Tissue paper products, especially for use as hygiene or wiping products, primarily include all types of tissue paper materials including dry creped tissue paper material, wet creped tissue paper material, NTT (flat), TAD (Through Air Drying) paper material, tissue paper material based on structured or textured technologies such as ATMOS, NTT (textured), UCTAD, eTAD, QRT, PrimeLineTEX etc. and cellulosic or cellulose wadding or combinations, laminates or mixtures thereof. Typical properties of these hygiene and wipes products include the ability to absorb tensile energy, drapability, good textile-like flexibility, properties often referred to as bulk softness, high surface softness, and high bulk at appreciable caliper. The highest possible liquid absorption capacity and, depending on the application, suitable wet and dry strength as well as an attractive appearance of the outer product surfaces are desirable. Due to these properties, among others, these hygiene and wiping cloths can be used, for example, as cleaning cloths such as window cleaning cloths, industrial towels, kitchen paper or the like, as hygiene products such as toilet paper, handkerchiefs, household towels, hand towels and the like; as facial tissues such as facial tissues and as napkins or diapers to name just a few of the products that can be used. In addition, the hygiene towels and wipes can be dry, moist, wet, printed or otherwise pretreated. In addition, the sanitary towels and wipes may be folded, nested or individually arranged, stacked or rolled, connected or unconnected in any suitable manner.

The products described above can be used for personal and domestic use as well as for commercial and industrial use. They are suitable for sucking up liquids, removing dust and other cleaning purposes.

When tissue paper material is to be made from chemical pulp, the process essentially comprises a forming step comprising a headbox and forming wire section and a drying section, for example comprising air drying or conventional drying on a Yankee cylinder. The manufacturing process may also include a tissue paper creping process and finally typically a control and winding section.

Tissue paper stock can be formed by laying the fibers in an oriented or disordered manner on or between two endless, continuously rotating wires or felts of a papermaking machine while simultaneously removing water.

The further dewatering and drying of the primary fiber web formed takes place in one or more steps by mechanical and thermal means until a final dry matter content of generally about 90 to 99% is reached.

In the manufacture of creped tissue paper, this stage is followed by the creping process, which affects the properties of the finished tissue paper product in conventional processes. In the conventional dry creping process, creping is carried out on a drying cylinder with a diameter of 3.0 to 6.5 m, the so-called Yankee cylinder, using a crepe doctor blade, with the raw tissue paper having the final dry matter content already mentioned. If the fabric quality requirements are lower, wet creping can also be used. The creped, dry raw tissue paper, the so-called base tissue, is then available for further processing into tissue paper products.

Instead of the conventional method described above for the production of tissue paper, it is possible to use a modified technique in which an improvement in bulk is achieved by a special type of drying, which leads to an improvement in e.g. thickness, bulk, softness, etc. of the tissue paper material . This technique, of which there are a variety of subtypes, is referred to generically herein as the textured tissue technique. Examples of textured fabric techniques are TAD, ATMOS®, NTT (textured), UCTAD, eTAD, QRT, PrimeLineTex, etc.

The processing step of the tissue paper material into the finished tissue paper product is carried out in converting machines (converting machines) which include operations such as unwinding the tissue paper material (base fabric), calendering the tissue, laminating, printing or embossing.

Several layers can be connected to one another by a combination process of a chemical nature (e.g. by gluing) or mechanical nature (e.g. by knurling or so-called edge embossing) or a combination of both. Examples of such process steps for joining layers are described in more detail below.

Further, processing into the finished tissue paper product may include, for example, longitudinal cutting, folding, cross-cutting, and so on. In addition, individual tissue paper products can be positioned and assembled into stacks, which can then be individually wrapped. Such processing steps can also include the application of substances such as fragrances, lotions, emollients or other chemical additives.

When a plurality of plies are bonded together by adhesion, an adhesive film is applied to part or all of the surface of at least one of the plies, and then the adhesive-treated surface is brought into contact with the surface of at least one other ply.

When multiple plies are bonded together by mechanical bonding, the plies may be bonded together by knurling, pressing, edge embossing, compound embossing, and/or ultrasonically.

Mechanical and adhesive bonding can also be combined to join multiple layers to a multi-layer product.

Embossing converts the shape of a sheet from a flat to a shaped shape such that there are areas that are raised and/or lowered from the rest of the surface. It is therefore a question of a deformation of the sheet, which was previously relatively flat, resulting in a layer with a particular relief. The thickness of the ply or multiple plies is in most cases increased after embossing compared to the initial thickness.

The embossing process is carried out between an embossing roll and an anvil roll. The embossing roller can have elevations or depressions on its peripheral surface, which lead to embossed elevations/depressions in the paper web. Anvil rollers can be softer than the corresponding embossing roller and can be made of rubber, e.g. natural rubber, or plastic, paper or steel. If the anvil roll is made of a softer material than rubber, the deformation of the softer roll may create a contact area/nip between the embossing roll (e.g. steel roll) and the anvil roll.

Embossing can impart a pattern to tissue paper that serves a decorative and/or functional purpose.

A functional purpose can be to improve the properties of the sanitary paper, i.e. embossing can improve product caliper, absorbency, bulk, softness, etc.

A functional purpose can also be to connect to another layer in a multi-layer product.

Tissue paper products exhibit a number of physical properties relevant to their use as, for example, toilet paper, towels, kitchen towels, facial tissue, handkerchiefs, napkins, wipes, or the like. Examples of such properties are their strength, softness and absorbency (especially for aqueous systems). These physical properties are typically tailored to general consumer demand for the intended use of the tissue paper product.

Thus, tissue paper products must retain their strength for at least some time of use, e.g., for mopping up liquids or moisture.

At the same time, there are requirements for tactile properties, such as softness, since tissue paper products are intended for close contact with the body and skin. Accordingly, it is desirable that tissue paper products have sufficient softness to ensure consumer comfort.

However, some of the desired physical properties of tissue paper products are typically conflicting properties. An example is the firmness and softness. As the strength of a tissue paper product increases, softness often decreases.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a tissue paper product that offers a good balance between the required properties. For example, it is desirable to provide a tissue paper product that has satisfactory absorbency, strength, and/or softness.

There is also a desire to reduce the consumption of wood fibers for the manufacture of tissue paper products. This desire is supported, for example, by the rising cost of wood fibre, concern for sustainable forest management and other ecological reasons such as the _carbon footprint.

To this end, attempts have been made to replace some or all of the wood fibers in tissue paper products, for example, with recycled fibers and/or wood-free fibers. However, since the fiber content in the pulp affects the above physical properties of the resulting tissue paper material, replacing virgin wood fibers with other fibers in the pulp is not easy.

Thus, there is a need for improvements and/or alternatives to tissue paper products in response to one or more of the above needs.

SUMMARY

An aim of the present invention is to fill this need for improvements and/or alternatives.

To this end, it is proposed herein to use wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products.

A multi-ply tissue paper product according to the invention is defined by claim 1. Subclaims relate to preferred embodiments. However, single ply tissue paper products can also be used.

The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be chemical pulp fibers.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be undried fibers. As used herein, "undried" means that the fibers have not been dried prior to use in the fabric manufacturing process. It is believed that the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers that have never been dried can contribute to the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers being suitable for use in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contain at least 15% hemicellulose. It is believed that such a hemicellulose content can make the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers suitable for use in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contain no more than 15% lignin. For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers must contain no more than 12% lignin. In another example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers must contain no more than 10% lignin. It is believed that such a lignin content can help make the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers suitable for use in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products.

For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers may contain at least 15% hemicellulose and at most 15% lignin, for example no more than 12% lignin or no more than 10% lignin.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are pretreated to obtain the required levels of lignin and/or hemicellulose.

Furthermore, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can have a relatively short average fiber length.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 1200 µm.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 1000 µm.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 900 µm.

Further, it is believed that the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers having a relatively high breaking length can contribute to making the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers suitable for use in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products. Break length is the initial break length of the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers as measured on the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers after the pulping process.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulose fibers have a breaking length of more than 3000 m.

For example, the wood-free cellulosic fibers may have a broken length of more than 3000 m and an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm, for example less than 1200 µm or less than 900 µm.

It is also believed that the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers having a relatively high broken length to average fiber length ratio can contribute to making the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers suitable for use in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 3.7.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 4.0.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 4.5.

For example, the wood-free cellulosic fibers may have a broken length to average fiber length ratio of greater than 5, e.g., greater than 5.5.

The wood-free cellulosic fibers may, for example, have a broken length to average fiber length ratio of more than 3.7, e.g. more than 4, and an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm, e.g. less than 1200 µm, less than 1000 µm or less than 900 µm .

For comparison, various types of conventional hardwood and softwood pulps have a lower broken length to average fiber length ratio than the values given above for wood-free cellulosic fibers. This also applies to undried hardwood and softwood pulps. The average ratios calculated for different types of hardwood and softwood pulps are given in the table below. type of pulp average ratio BEK 2.4 BHK 2.0 BSK 1.0 BSS 0.6 NBHK 2.3 NBSK 1.2 undried HW 0.9 undried SW 1.0 (BEK - Bleached Eucalyptus Pulp, BHK - Bleached Hardwood Kraft, BSK - Bleached Softwood Kraft, BSS - Bleached Softwood Sulphite, Northern Bleached Hardwood Kraft, Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft. The Undried Hardwood (HW) and Softwood ( SW) are sulfite.)

In addition, it has been found that various types of previously used wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have a lower broken length to average fiber length ratio than indicated in the table above. For example, dried bagasse dissolving pulp samples tested had an average ratio of 2.6, dried bamboo dissolving pulp had an average ratio of 1.2, and dried wheat dissolving pulp had an average ratio of 3.5.

The wood-free cellulosic fibers may be, for example, undried wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers and the wood-free cellulosic fibers may have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 3.7, for example greater than 4.0 or greater than 4.5.

The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers proposed herein can be used together with hardwood cellulosic fibers and/or softwood cellulosic fibers.

As mentioned above, some or all of the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers may be undried wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulose fibers are used in conjunction with softwood pulp fibers. In this case, some or all of the softwood cellulosic fibers may be undried softwood cellulosic pulp fibers.

For example, the softwood cellulosic pulp fibers may comprise undried hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers and/or dried softwood cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic fibers can be used with hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers. In this case, some or all of the hardwood cellulosic fibers may be undried hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers.

The hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers may comprise, for example, undried hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers and/or dried hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contemplated herein may be prepared by treatment in a pressureless process.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers proposed herein may be produced by a method using no sulfur.

For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be treated by treatment using methods similar to the methods described in EP 2 048281 A1 , EP 2 247781 B1 , US20130129573 A1 , EP 2 034 090 A1 , US20110281298 A1 and or US20130129573 A1 are described can be obtained.

Additionally or alternatively, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be treated by treatment using methods similar to the methods described in WO2020264311 A1 , WO2020264322 A1 , US20190091643 A1 , US2592983 are described can be obtained.

The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be made, for example, by Sustainable Fiber Technologies Inc.'s Phoenix Process™.

It will be appreciated that the features described above which contribute to making the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers suitable for use in tissue paper materials and tissue paper products can be used individually or in various combinations.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained from agricultural waste or by-products.

The wood-free cellulose pulp fibers can be obtained from a member of the Pocacea family. The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained, for example, from wheat straw, rice straw, barley straw, oat straw, rye grass, Bermuda grass, arundo donax, miscanthus, bamboo and/or sorghum. Another example of a member of the Pocacea family is sugar cane, from which wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained, such as sugar cane bagasse.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be derived from a member of the Cannabaceae family. For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be derived from hemp and/or hops.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained from agricultural waste or by-products. For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained from agricultural waste or by-products of members of the Pocacea and/or Cannabaceae family as described above, i.e. comprising agricultural waste or by-products of wheat straw, rice straw, barley straw, oat straw, rye grass, sugar cane bagasse, hemp or Hop. In another example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be derived from agricultural waste or by-products such as banana crop residues (from the Musaceae family), pineapple residues (from the Bromeliaceae family), nut shell trimmings, agave bagasse, hop residues and/or corn straw.

The wood-free cellulose pulp fibers can be obtained from kenaf (of the Malvaceae family), switchgrass, succulents, alfalfa (of the Fabaceae family), flax straw (of the Linaceae family), palm fruit (Elaeis or Arecaceae), and/or avocado (Lauraceae ) be won.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are prepared from one or more of wheat straw, rice straw, barley straw, oat straw, rye grass, Bermuda grass, Arundo donax, miscanthus, bamboo, sorghum, banana crop residue, pineapple residue, nut shell, trash, sugar cane bagasse, industrial hemp, and/or members of the Cannabaceae -Family, kenaf, switchgrass, succulents, alfalfa, corn stalks and flax stalks.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are obtained from wheat straw, oat straw, barley straw and/or rye grass. The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained, for example, from agricultural wastes or by-products of wheat straw, oat straw, barley straw and/or rye grass.

The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained, for example, from wheat straw, e.g., agricultural waste or by-products of wheat.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers are obtained from sugar production residues. The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained, for example, from beet residues.

Optionally, the wood-free pulp fibers will be obtained from sugar cane bagasse.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers are obtained from agave. For example, the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers can be obtained from residues of agave syrup production or from agave bagasse.

Although the present disclosure is primarily concerned with tissue paper made from wood-free fibers, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers described herein can also be used in other applications, e.g. in wound care, in absorbent articles, e.g. diapers, sanitary napkins and incontinence articles, in beauty care and/or in non woven materials and products.

It is proposed herein to use the above-described wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers to form a wood-free tissue sheet comprising wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% of the dry weight of the wood-free tissue sheet.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 15% by dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 20% by dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 30% by dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 40% by dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount from 20 to 50% of the dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount from 25 to 35% of the dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount less than 70% of the dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount less than 60% of the dry weight of the wood-free fabric layer.

Optionally, the wood-free tissue layer further comprises wood pulp fibers, such as hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers and/or softwood cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, the tissue paper ply further comprises wood pulp fibers in an amount such that the amount of wood pulp fibers plus the amount of wood free fibers is 100% dry weight of the tissue paper ply.

Optionally, the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the wood-free tissue layer is less than 95/5.

Optionally, the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the wood-free tissue layer is less than 90/10.

Optionally, the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the wood-free tissue layer is less than 80/20.

Optionally, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are present throughout the wood-free fabric layer. In other words, at least some wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers may be present in all parts of the ply, e.g., in all layers of the ply. The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers need not be uniformly distributed, but may result, for example, from a stratified distribution of the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers. For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be evenly distributed in the sheet. In another example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be heterogeneously distributed in the sheet.

When the woodfree fabric ply comprises two or more plies, at least one ply of the woodfree fabric ply may comprise woodfree fibers. For example, the at least one ply may be an outer ply of the woodfree fabric ply.

When the woodfree fabric layer has two or more plies, each of the two or more layers may have woodfree fibers.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is manufactured using conventional wet-pressing technology (CWP). By "is manufactured" it is meant that the tissue paper material was manufactured using conventional wet-press technology, i.e. the tissue paper material is a CWP tissue paper material. The tissue paper material may be, for example, a dry crepe tissue paper material.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is made by structured fabric technology. By "is manufactured" it is meant that the tissue paper material was manufactured using structured tissue technology, i.e. the tissue paper material is a structured tissue paper material.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is produced using TAD technology (Through Air Drying).
Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is manufactured using ATMOS technology. Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is manufactured using UCTAD technology. Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is manufactured using NTT technology (textured).
Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is manufactured using eTAD technology, such as Valmet's Advantage eTAD technology.
Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer is manufactured using QRT technology.

Optionally, the wood-free fabric layer can be manufactured using PrimeLine TEX technology.

According to the present invention, there are provided tissue paper materials and tissue paper products comprising the above-described wood-free tissue sheet having the above-described wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.

The multi-ply tissue paper product of the present invention may comprise a single-ply tissue paper material as described below.

This provides a single-ply tissue paper material having a basis weight of less than 40 g/m ² and a GMT tensile strength of at least 60 N/m, the tissue paper material comprising a wood-free tissue layer. The wood-free tissue layer comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers present in an amount of at least 10% by dry weight of the tissue paper material.

Optionally, the tissue paper material has a GMT tensile strength of at least 70 N/m.

Optionally, the tissue paper material has a GMT tensile strength of at least 80 N/m.

Optionally, the tissue paper material has a basis weight of less than 30 g/m ² .

Optionally, the tissue paper material has a basis weight of less than 25 ^gsm .

Optionally, the tissue paper material has a basis weight greater than 10 g/m ² .

Optionally, the tissue paper material has a basis weight in the range of 14 g/m ² to 25 g/m ² .

Also provided is a single ply tissue paper product comprising a single ply tissue paper material according to any of the embodiments described above. This means that the single-ply tissue paper product can be made of the single-ply tissue paper material.

The multi-ply tissue paper product has two or more plies, wherein an average basis weight of the plies is less than 40 g/m ² and the multi-ply tissue paper product has a GMT tensile strength of at least 100 N/m, wherein at least one ply is a wood-free tissue ply, wherein the wood-free tissue ply comprises wood-free cellulose pulp fibers, the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers being present in an amount of at least 10% by dry weight of the wood-free tissue ply.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product has a GMT tensile strength of at least 120 N/m, such as at least 150 N/m.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product has an absorbency of at least 8 g/g.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product has an absorbency of less than 20 g/g, such as less than 18 g/g.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product or the single-ply tissue paper product has an absorbency of 7 to 20 g/g.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product or the single-ply tissue paper product has an absorbency of 8 to 15 g/g.

Optionally, a majority of the plies of the multi-ply tissue paper material are woodfree tissue plies.

Optionally, all plies of the multi-ply tissue paper material are woodfree tissue plies.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 15% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 20% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 30% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 40% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount no greater than 70% of the dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount no greater than 60% of the dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount ranging from 15% to 50% of the dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount from 15% to 40% of the dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount ranging from 25% to 35% of the dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product has two to five plies.

Optionally, each of the plies of the multi-ply tissue paper product has an equal amount of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, at least two plies of the multi-ply tissue paper product have different amounts of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, when at least two plies of the multi-ply tissue paper product comprise different amounts of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers, the amounts differ by at least 5% dry weight.

Optionally, when at least two plies of the multi-ply tissue paper product comprise different amounts of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers, the amounts differ by at least 10% dry weight.

Optionally, when at least two plies of the multi-ply tissue paper product comprise different amounts of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers, the amounts differ by at least 20% dry weight.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product has one or more plies without wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.

Optionally, the at least one woodfree tissue ply is an outer ply of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, the multi-ply tissue paper product has at least two woodfree tissue plies, wherein the woodfree tissue plies form a first and a second outer ply of the multi-ply tissue paper product.

Optionally, for any of the alternatives relating to a multi-ply tissue paper product in the above embodiments, the woodfree ply may be as defined in any of the options above.

Optionally, the at least one woodfree tissue ply of the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises a single-ply tissue paper material according to any of the embodiments described above.

For example, the single-ply tissue paper product and the multi-ply tissue paper product disclosed herein may be a personal care tissue paper product.

Optionally, the single-ply tissue paper product and multi-ply tissue paper product disclosed herein can be, for example, toilet paper, hand towels, paper napkins, facial tissue, handkerchiefs, or a kitchen towel or an industrial wipe.

The single ply tissue paper product and the multi-ply tissue paper product may be embossed and/or calendered as is known in the art.

Optionally, the plies of the multi-ply product may be joined by ply bonding such as embossing or knurling. The multi-layer product can be connected by nesting, for example.

Optionally, the plies of the multi-ply product can be connected by Goffra Incolla technology.

Further advantages and advantageous features of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the dependent claims.

character list

Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below using examples with reference to the attached drawings.

• 1 ist ein Diagramm, das die Weichheit und GMT-Zugfestigkeit für eine Reihe von Basisblattproben umfassend verschiedene Mengen an holzfreien Fasern zeigt;
• 2 ist ein Diagramm, das die Weichheit gegenüber der GMT-Zugfestigkeit für die Basisblattproben in 1 mit 0 % holzfreie Fasern und 30 % holzfreie Fasern zeigt;
• 3 ist ein Diagramm, das die Weichheit und GMT-Zugfestigkeit für eine Reihe von mehrlagigen Gewebeproben umfassend verschiedene Mengen holzfreie Fasern zeigt;
• 4 ist ein Diagramm, das die Absorption für die Gewebeproben in 3 zeigt; und
• 5 ist ein Diagramm, das die Dicke für die Gewebeproben in 3 zeigt.

In the drawings:

• 1 Figure 12 is a graph showing softness and GMT tensile strength for a series of basesheet samples comprising varying amounts of woodfree fibers;
• 2 Figure 12 is a graph of softness versus GMT tensile strength for the basesheet samples in 1 with 0% wood-free fibers and 30% wood-free fibers;
• 3 Figure 12 is a graph showing softness and GMT tensile strength for a series of multi-ply fabric samples comprising varying amounts of woodfree fibers;
• 4 is a graph showing the absorbance for the tissue samples in 3 shows; and
• 5 is a graph showing the thickness for the tissue samples in 3 shows.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description relates to examples of tissue paper materials and tissue paper products made using the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers proposed herein.

Single Ply Tissue Paper Materials (Base Sheets)

Five different tissue paper materials were made. The five different tissue paper materials are base sheets and are suitable for making toilet paper.

The samples were made with CWP technology to provide a dry creped web.

• Sorte 1 (G1): weiches Toilettenpapier
• Sorte 2 (G2): Standard-Toilettenpapier

Two different types of fabric were aimed for:

• Type 1 (G1): soft toilet paper
• Grade 2 (G2): Standard toilet paper

The original fiber formulation for the two grades without any wood-free fiber content is: sample ref total equipment Grade G1 50% softwood (undried pulp) - 50% hardwood (eucalyptus - dried pulp) Grade G2 70% softwood (undried pulp) - 30% hardwood (undried pulp)

The aim of the trial was to introduce different percentages of wood-free dissolving pulp instead of standard wood pulp in order to evaluate the properties of the base paper and thus the quality of the end product.

The fabric machine is a crescent former with suction press roll configuration and a 2-layer headbox: 50% top layer, 50% bottom layer.

• G1:
  • Stoffauflauf: 2 Schichten
  • Klinge: 20° Keramik
  • Flächengewicht: 16,5 g/m²
  • Dicke (10L): 0,97 mm/10 Lagen
  • MD trockene Zugfestigkeit /Lage: 140 N/m
  • CD trockene Zugfestigkeit/Lage: 50 N/m
  • MD Dehnung: 18%
• G2:
  • Stoffauflauf: 1 Lage
  • Klinge: 10° Keramik
  • Flächengewicht: 16 g/m²
  • Dicke (10L): 1,15 mm/10 Lagen
  • MD trockene Zugfestigkeit /Lage: 150 N/m
  • CD trockene Zugfestigkeit /Lage: 60 N/m
  • MD Dehnung: 16%

Grade G1 was operated in a stratified mode (different formulations on the two layers of base paper), grade G2 was operated in a homogeneous mode (same formulation on both layers of base paper), with the target specifications listed below:

• G1:
  • Headbox: 2 layers
  • Blade: 20° ceramic
  • Basis weight: 16.5 g/ ^m2
  • Thickness (10L): 0.97mm/10Ply
  • MD dry tensile strength/ply: 140 N/m
  • CD dry tensile strength/ply: 50 N/m
  • MD elongation: 18%
• G2:
  • Headbox: 1 layer
  • Blade: 10° ceramic
  • Basis weight: 16 g/ ^m2
  • Thickness (10L): 1.15mm/10Ply
  • MD dry tensile strength/ply: 150 N/m
  • CD dry tensile strength/ply: 60 N/m
  • MD elongation: 16%

The proportion of wood-free fibers ranged from 0 and 50% of the total mixture. The compositions of the different base sheets are given in the table below: variety variety variety 1 variety 2 sample sample G 1A G1B G 2A G2B G2D G2E Overall equipment hardwood (dried pulp) 50% 50% softwood (undried pulp) 50% 30% 70% 50% 40% 30% hardwood (undried pulp) 30% 30% 30% 20% wood-free fiber (undried pulp) 0% 20% 0% 20% 30% 50%

The wood-free cellulosic pulp fiber was derived from wheat straw treated by Sustainable Fiber Solutions Inc.'s Phoenix™ process. The wood-free dissolving pulp was undried pulp. The wood-free dissolving pulp had a lignin content of 12.8% and a hemicellulose content of 18.0%.

The conventional short fiber portion consisted of dried hardwood pulp, which was dried eucalyptus pulp, and undried hardwood pulp, which was undried sulfite pulp.

The traditional long fiber portion was made from softwood. In this example, the softwood dissolving pulp was also undried sulfite pulp. The broken length, the average fiber length and the broken length/average fiber length ratio of the undried hardwood pulp, the undried softwood pulp and the dried hardwood pulp (eucalyptus) were as shown in the table below: wood free hardwood (dried) softwood (undried) hardwood (undried) Break length (m) 3775 1724 1755 882 Average fiber length (µm) 748 714 2165 929 Ratio broken length / fiber length (- /micro) 5.05 2.41 0.81 0.95

The wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers largely replaced conventional long fibers, both in terms of their intrinsic strength properties and the tensile strength developed after refining. Nevertheless, the additional strength generated in the long fiber grinding plant had to be reduced. variety variety variety 1 variety 2 sample sample G 1A G1B G 2A G2B G2D G2E long fiber line softwood (undried pulp) 100% 100% 100% 100% 80% 60% wood-free fiber 20% 40% Processing kwh/d 60 50 70 32 32 37 short fiber line hardwood (dried pulp) 100% 70% hardwood (undried pulp) 100% 60% 60% 40% wood-free fiber 30% 40% 40% 60% finishing no no 15 18 48 headbox configuration layered layered homogeneous homogeneous homogeneous homogeneous Yankee shift 100% SF 100% SF 30% SF + 70% LF 50% SF + 50% LF 50% SF + 50% LF 50% SF + 50% LF covering layer 100% LF 40% SF + 60% LF 30% SF + 70% LF 50% SF + 50% LF 50% SF + 50% LF 50% SF + 50% LF

The content of woodfree fiber, conventional long fiber and conventional short fiber in each of the tissue paper materials is shown in the table below: variety sample reference Wood-free fiber content long fiber content % long fiber content % Long fiber line processed kwh/d Short fiber line processed kwh/d Grade 1 (soft grade) G1-A 0% 50% 50% 60 0 G1-B 20% 30% 50% 50 0 Sort 2 (standard sort) G2-A 0% 70% 30% 70 0 G2-B 20% 50% 30% 32 15 G2-D 30% 40% 30% 32 18 G2-E 50% 30% 20% 37 48

The dry tensile strength in the CD and MD directions and the degree of softness were measured for the various samples, with the results given in the table below and in FIGS 1 and 2 are specified. area weight MD Dry Tensile Strength CD Dry Tensile Strength GMT dry tensile strength MD elongation softness gsm ² Nm - 1 layer Nm - 1 layer Nm - 1 layer % G1 - A 16.8 145 51 86 20.1 2.7 G1 - B 17.2 151 56 92 18.6 2.7 G2 - A 16.1 130 54 83 19.2 2.5 G2 - B 16.2 156 64 100 18.2 2.6 G2 - E 16.5 192 81 125 18.8 2.1

1 Figure 13 is a combined bar and line graph in which the bars represent softness values and the line represents GMT tensile strength of tissue paper materials G1-A, G1-B, G2-A, G2-B and G2-E from Table 1.

The samples of the different grades denoted by A are samples with no wood-free fiber content, while the samples of the different grades denoted by other letters have an increasing proportion of wood-free fiber content (in alphabetical order).

No general trend can be seen for the relationship between GMT strength and softness in terms of wood-free cellulose fiber content across all different grades. For grade G1, which is the softer grade, softness values are similar with and without woodfree fibers. In grade G2, the standard grade, softness values differ more, but GMT strength increases with increasing wood-free content.

Surprisingly, GMT strength increases with increasing woodfree fiber content in the two different grades. In 2 Figure 4 shows the softness and strength of the basesheet again, this time for 0% wood-free samples compared to 30% wood-free samples. The 30% wood free samples have favorable softness and GMT tensile strength.

Another surprising result is that all grades have GMT strength and softness that are within the limits suitable for tissue paper products.

Multi-layer products

Three different types of multi-ply products, MP1, MP2 and MP3, were made. For each type of multi-ply product, samples with different total wood-free fiber content were obtained content using basesheets of different grades and woodfree fiber content as described above.

The layers of the multi-layer products were joined using Goffra Incolla technology. All processing parameters were the same for the different wood-free contents of the respective products MP1, MP2 and MP3. MP1: 4-ply product Emboss upper layer base sheet upper layer Middle layer base sheet Base sheet middle layer 2 base sheet lower layer MP1 0% Feather Sort 1 A Variety 2 A Variety 2 A Sort 1 A (RT 20D) MP1 32% Spring (RT 20D) Sort 1 B Sort 2 E Sort 2 E Sort 1 B MP2: 4-ply product Emboss upper layer base sheet upper layer Middle layer base sheet Base sheet middle layer 2 base sheet lower layer MP2 0% Ornament (RT71 D) Sort 1 A Variety 2 A Variety 2 A Sort 1 A MP2 20% Ornament (RT71 D) Sort 1 B Sort 2 B Sort 2 B Sort 1 B MP2 30% Ornament (RT71 D) Sort 1 B Sort 2 E Sort 2 E Sort 1 B MP3: 3-ply product emboss upper base sheet upper base sheet medium base sheet medium base sheet lower Position Position Position location 2 Position MP3 0% Seven (RT30 5) Sort 1 A Variety 2 A - Sort 1 A MP3 20% Seven (RT30 5) Sort 1 B Sort 2 B - Sort 1 B MP3 30% Seven (RT30 5) Sort 1 B Sort 2 E - Sort 1 B

The resulting multi-ply fabrics were tested for various parameters and the results are shown in the table below.

The results are presented below with reference to the 3 until 5 explained in more detail.

3 Figure 12 is a combined bar and line graph in which the bars represent the softness values of the samples and the line represents the GMT tensile strength.

In 3 as well as in the following 4 and 5 the samples for each type of multi-ply tissue paper material MP1, MP2 and MP3 are presented from left to right, with the samples having a 0 percent wood-free content on the left and in ascending order of wood-free content on the right of the figures.

How out 3 shows, the softness values for each type of multi-ply tissue paper material MP1, MP2 and MP3 are relatively constant or decrease only insignificantly with increasing wood-free content. (A significant difference in softness values (degree of softness) would be about 0.2 points). Thus, the results show that the softness is not significantly affected in the samples with different amounts of wood-free compared to the samples without wood-free.

In addition, the GMT tensile strength for each of the MP1, MP2 and MP3 species increases with increasing proportion of wood-free content. The increase in GMT tensile strength is significant, which was surprising. Thus, the results indicate that the GMT tensile strength is significantly increased for the samples with different amounts of woodfree compared to the samples with no woodfree.

The results thus indicate that the balance between softness and GMT strength is better for the samples containing different amounts of wood-free than for the samples with no wood-free content, i.e. a higher GMT strength is achieved with about the same softness .

A satisfactory result for a tissue paper product that has woodfree content would be a balance about the same as a tissue paper product with no woodfree content. Therefore, based on the tests performed, it can be assumed that the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers used herein
as a replacement for wood fiber in a wide variety of multi-ply and single-ply tissue paper products while achieving at least satisfactory results in terms of softness and strength.

Turning to the absorption is 4 a bar graph showing the absorption in g/g of the different samples of the three types of tissue paper material MP1, MP2 and MP3. As can be seen from the results, for each of the varieties MP1, MP2 and MP3, the highest value of absorbance is obtained for the sample with no wood-free portion. However, no general trend can be seen regarding the effect of increasing wood-free amount on absorption values. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the measured absorbance values are mostly insignificant since a significant difference in absorbance is about 0.5 g/g.

Thus, the results indicate that the absorbance in the samples containing different amounts of woodfree content is not significantly affected, but the absorbance in the samples with different amounts of woodfree content is as good as in the sample containing no woodfree having.

Turning to the fat is 5 Fig. 12 is a bar graph showing the thickness (mm) of the different samples of the three types of tissue paper material MP1, MP2 and MP3. The results show that the thickness of the samples that have various amounts of woodfree is not significantly affected compared to the samples that have no woodfree.

In summary, the results show that the introduction of different amounts of wood-free cellulosic fibers into different tissue paper materials leads to acceptable or insignificant changes in the parameters relevant to the function of the tissue paper material, such as GMT strength, softness, absorbency and/or caliper, im comparison to the same tissue paper material with no wood-free fiber content.

It is believed that the beneficial results are due, at least in part, to the use of the woodfree fibers and in particular to the various features that can contribute to the beneficial properties of tissue paper materials and products comprising the woodfree fibers as described above.

For example, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than four. In addition, the wood-free pulp fibers can be undried. Furthermore, the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers can be obtained from agricultural wastes or by-products such as wheat straw, oat straw, barley straw and/or rye grass, e.g. As wheat, are obtained.

However, other combinations of features such as those described above for the wood-free cellulosic fibers can be made by one skilled in the art to provide the web materials and web products proposed herein.

Although the results relate to specific examples of tissue paper materials and tissue paper products, it is believed that the woodfree fibers can be used as such to achieve beneficial results for a broader range of tissue paper materials and tissue paper products.

DEFINITIONS

Tissue paper stock: As used herein, the term "tissue paper stock" refers to the single-ply base fabric as obtained from a weaving machine.

Layer: The tissue paper material may be mono- or multi-layered, i.e. it may be a mono-layer or multi-layer web. The term "layer" refers to a layer within the web that has a defined fiber composition. The one or more layer(s) is/are formed by feeding one or more streams of pulp to a screen having a pressurized single or multi-layer headbox.

Ply: the term "ply" as used herein refers to one or more plies of tissue paper material in the final tissue paper product obtained after processing, i.e. converting, one or more base tissue webs. Each individual ply consists of a tissue paper material having one or more layers, e.g., one, two, or three layers.

Hardwood: by hardwood we mean fibrous pulp obtained from the woody substance of deciduous trees (angiosperms). Examples of hardwoods include eucalyptus. Typically, hardwood fibers are relatively short fibers. For example, the hardwood fibers can have an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm. For example, the hardwood fibers may have a diameter of 15 to 40 µm and a wall thickness of 3 to 5 µm.

Softwood: By softwood we mean fibrous pulp obtained from the woody substance of conifers (gymnosperms). Typically, softwood fibers are relatively long fibers. For example, the softwood fibers may have an average fiber length in excess of 1700 µm, such as in excess of 1950 microns, for example the softwood fibers may have an average fiber length in the range 1700 to 2500 µm. For example, the softwood fibers can have a diameter of 30 to 80 µm and a wall thickness of 2 to 8 µm.

Conventional short fibers: by conventional short fibers we mean herein hardwood fibers as described above. In general, the conventional short fibers can have an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm.

Conventional long fibres: by conventional long fibres, we mean herein softwood fibres, as described above. In general, the conventional long fibers can have an average fiber length of more than 1700 µm.

CWP & Textured Fabric Technology:

As described above, tissue paper webs can be made in a variety of ways. Conventional papermaking machines have been used for this purpose for many years to produce such conventional webs at relatively low cost.

An example of a conventional process for producing tissue paper webs is the dry creping process, in which creping is carried out on a drying cylinder, the so-called Yankee cylinder, with the aid of a creping blade. That can also be the case if there are lower demands on the fabric quality Wet crepes are used. The creped, finally dry raw tissue paper, the so-called base tissue, is then available for further processing into a paper product for a tissue paper product.

More recently, more advanced methods have been developed, such as Through Air Drying (TAD), Advanced Tissue Molding System (ATMOS) and similar methods to produce structured webs of tissue. A common feature of these latter methods is that they result in a more structured web with a lower density than a web made on a conventional paper machine.

The term CWP technology (Conventional Wet Press Technology) as used herein refers to a conventional process for the production of paper webs, in which the web is formed on a forming fabric and dewatered by pressing with one or more press nips. The process may include delivering the sheet to a Yankee dryer and removing the sheet from the Yankee surface by a doctor blade in a creping process. The CWP technology used herein includes, for example, dry crepe technology, wet crepe technology and flat NTT (New Tissue Technology).

The term structured fabric technology refers to the newer technologies for producing a structured fabric sheet. These processes do not use the high pressure used to dewater the web in the CWP process. Therefore, structured fabric technology is sometimes referred to as non-compressive drainage technology. Textured tissue technology can be, for example, TAD (Thru-Air-Dried), UCTAD (Uncreped Through-Air-Dried) or ATMOS (Advanced-Tissue-Molding-System), textured NTT, QRT, PrimeLineTEX technology and eTAD technology .

The methods of structured fabric technology are known from the state of the art, eg TAD from US5853547 ; and ATMOS off US7744726 , US7550061 and US7527709 ; and UCTAD from EP 1 156925 and WO 02/40774 .

TAD technology has been developed since the 1960's and is well known to those skilled in the art. It generally involves the development of functional properties of the fabric by forming the batt of fibers on a structured fabric. This results in the batt of fibers forming a structured web which can have high bulk and absorbency as air passes through the web and the web dries while still on the structured web.

ATMOS technology is a production process developed by Voith, which is also well known to those skilled in the art.

Another example is the textured NTT (New Tissue Technology). The textured NTT was designed to overcome some of the limitations of ATMOS by pressing with even higher pressure before passing to the Yankee. In the first press section, a shoe press is used between the previous felt and a cellular belt to provide absorbent capacity and increase strength. Textured NTT technology can reduce the Yankee Hood's dry load compared to ATMOS.

Other examples are the Prime Line Tex technology provided by Andritz for the production of textured fabric and the eTAD technology provided by Valmet.

METHODS

Lignin content:

1. i) die gravimetrische Messung des Rückstands nach der Säurehydrolyse (AIL: Acid Insoluble Lignin oder Klason Lignin), die auch in der Methode Tappi T222 om-02 2 beschrieben wird; und
2. ii) die Messung des löslichen Lignins (ASL : Acid Soluble Lignin), die auch in der technischen Mitteilung Tappi UM2503 beschrieben ist.

The measurement of the residual lignin content in the pulp fibers was carried out according to the draft standard ISO/DIS 21436: Pulp determination of the lignin content - acid hydrolysis method 1), which includes:

1. i) the gravimetric measurement of the residue after acid hydrolysis (AIL: Acid Insoluble Lignin or Klason Lignin), also described in the Tappi T222 om-02 2 method; and
2. ii) the measurement of soluble lignin (ASL: Acid Soluble Lignin), which is also described in Technical Note Tappi UM2503.

3.1) Sample preparation: The samples were crushed with a crusher/mixer. The dry matter content was determined before analysis by drying an aliquot of 2-3 g in an oven at 105°C according to ISO 638 standard 4.

3.2) Measurement of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL or Klason lignin) after acid hydrolysis An aliquot of ~1 g was hydrolyzed with a sulfuric acid solution first at room temperature (2 h) and then under reflux for 4 h (method B of the future standard). After cooling, the suspension was filtered and washed and the solid residue was collected, dried and weighed. The content of acid-insoluble lignin in the sample was determined by forming the difference between the dry weight of the hydrolysis residue and the ash weight, based on the dry matter content of the original sample. Note 1: Limit of Detection (DL) ~0.1%; Limit of quantification (QL) -0.5%.

3.3) Measurement of acid-soluble lignin. The absorbance at 205 nm of the hydrolyzate (i.e. the filtrate collected when the suspension was filtered, cf 3.2) was measured. The acid-soluble lignin content (ASL) was determined using the predefined extinction coefficient of lignin (i.e. 110 L/g.cm). Note 2: Limit of Detection (DL) ~0.1%; Limit of Quantification (QL) -0.5% Note: This quantification method is sensitive to impurities present in the sample. Any compound other than hemicelluloses and cellulose and the acid-insoluble minerals can interfere with the measurement of hydrolysis residue and acid-soluble lignin.

hemicellulose

The content of the main polysaccharides in the pulp (arabinan, galactan, glucan, xylose and mannan) was determined using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with a pulsed amerometric detector, HPAE/PAD Dionex® analysis of the free monosaccharides (arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and mannose) after sulfuric acid hydrolysis of the sample pulp. The content of cellulose and hemicellulose in the pulp sample was determined according to the standard method ISO / DIS21437 - Pulp: Determination of the carbohydrate content (under publication) after calibration. The samples examined are chemical pulp that has not been previously extracted with acetone. In contrast, the samples were dried. Given the condition of the pulp (wet rag sheets), the samples were beaten prior to analysis. The dryness of the ground samples was measured according to NF EN ISO 638:2008.

The method basically consists in the quantification of the amounts of sugars (monosaccharides) after the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemi using the ISO / DIS 21437 - Pulp: Determination of carbohydrates. Then the calculation is performed backwards to estimate the content of hemicelluloses (knowing the proportion of sugars in hemi and cellulose)

basis weight

The basis weight is determined according to ISO 12625-6:2016.

The basis weight is determined in g/m ² .

Thickness per sheet:

The thickness is determined according to ISO 12625-3.

GMT Strength:

GMT (Geometric Mean Tensile Strength) refers to the square root of the product of the dry machine direction tensile strength and the dry cross direction tensile strength of a fabric sheet/product.

The GMT strength is determined according to ISO 12625-4.

A load cell of 100N was used.

Absorption:

Here, the absorption is the water holding capacity of the tissue paper. The water absorption capacity is the amount of water that the sample can absorb, given in g/g (i.e. g water / g material in the sample).

The absorbance was measured according to ISO12625-8:2011.

The water is deionized water, conductivity ≤ 0.25 mS/m at 25°C, according to ISO14487.

Degree of softness:

The level of softness is determined by evaluation by panelists. The testers rate the products according to their softness. The softness values are therefore comparative values, allowing comparison between the samples tested, rather than an absolute parameter.

The softer the product/fabric basesheet is rated, the higher the score.

The softness values of tissue paper products (finished goods) and tissue basesheets are not directly comparable as there are different scales/reference products.

Each sample consists of one product, i.e. a multi-ply tissue paper product.

The dimensions of the samples therefore correspond to the dimensions of the finished products.

The samples are placed in front of the examiners in MD.

The samples are conditioned for at least 2 hours in a controlled room at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

The various samples are comfort rated by ten panelists and an average comfort rating is determined for each product by the panels.

Therefore, the softness values are comparative values within a test and indicate the perceived softness of a product.

For the purposes of this application, the softness values reported in the same table are comparable and indicate the relative softness perceived of the products tested. The higher the value of the rating, the more pleasant the product is.

Average fiber length measurement:

The fiber length measurement was performed using the standard for fiber analyzers: ISO 16065-2:2014: Pulp - Determination of fiber length by automated optical analysis - Part 1: Method using unpolarized light.

The length-weighted mean length and the average of the length-weighted fiber length distribution were used.

Measurement of break length

Break length is the calculated upper limit of the length of a uniform strip of paper that would support its own weight if suspended at one end. Break length (m) = 102 x T/R, where T = Tensile Strength, N/m, and R = Basis Weight, g/m2.

Break length is a pulp characteristic determined by measurements of tensile strength and basis weight on laboratory handsheets made according to EN ISO 5269-2. (Tensile Strength: ISO 12625-4; Basis Weight: ISO 12625-6: 2016)

Ratio of break length measurement/average fiber length measurement

The broken length/average fiber length ratio herein is given by the fiber length measurement and broken length measurement values obtained according to the above methods, where the average fiber length measurement is reported in µm and the broken length is reported in m.

It should be noted that both break length and average fiber length are pulp properties. Accordingly, the measurements of these properties should be performed on the pulp as it comes out of the pulping process before it enters the papermaking process, e.g. before it enters the stock preparation section of a paper machine. Accordingly, the measurements are carried out before any mechanical and/or chemical and/or enzymatic treatment for strength adjustment, which can take place during the papermaking process.

1. 1. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial mit einem Flächengewicht von weniger als 40 g/m² und einer GMT-Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 60 N/m, aufweisend eine holzfreie Gewebelage, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % des Trockengewichts der holzfreien Gewebelage aufweist.
2. 2. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial nach Element 1, wobei das Gewebepapiermaterial eine GMT-Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 70 N/m aufweist.
3. 3. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial nach Element 1 oder 2, wobei das Gewebepapiermaterial eine GMT-Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 80 N/m aufweist.
4. 4. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, mit einem Flächengewicht von weniger als 30 g/m².
5. 5. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, mit einem Flächengewicht von weniger als 25 g/m².
6. 6. Einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt, bestehend aus einem einlagigen Gewebepapiermaterial nach einem der Elemente 1 bis 5.
7. 7. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt, aufweisend zwei oder mehr Lagen, wobei das durchschnittliche Flächengewicht der Lagen weniger als 40 g/m² beträgt, und das mehrlagige Gewebepapierprodukt eine GMT-Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 100 N/m aufweist, wobei mindestens eine Lage eine holzfreie Gewebelage ist, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % des Trockengewichts der holzfreien Gewebelage aufweist.
8. 8. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach Element 7, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapierprodukt eine GMT-Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 120 N/m aufweist.
9. 9. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach Element 7 oder 8, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapierprodukt eine GMT-Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 150 N/m aufweist.
10. 10. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 9, wobei mindestens 50 % der Lagen in den mehrlagigen Gewebepapierprodukten holzfreie Gewebelagen sind, wobei jede holzfreie Gewebelage holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % des Trockengewichts der holzfreien Gewebelage aufweist.
11. 11. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 10, wobei alle Lagen in den mehrlagigen Gewebepapierprodukten holzfreie Gewebelagen sind wobei jede holzfreie Gewebelage holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % des Trockengewichts der holzfreien Gewebelage aufweist.
12. 12. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 11, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapierprodukt holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % des Trockengewichts des mehrlagigen Gewebepapierprodukts aufweist.
13. 13. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 12, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapierprodukt holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 15 % des Trockengewichts des mehrlagigen Gewebepapierprodukts aufweist.
14. 14. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 13, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapierprodukt holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 20 % des Trockengewichts des mehrlagigen Gewebepapierprodukts aufweist.
15. 15. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 14, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapiermaterial oder -produkt zwei bis fünf Lagen aufweist.
16. 16. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 15, wobei jede Lage des mehrlagigen Produkts die gleiche Menge an holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern aufweist.
17. 17. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 15, wobei mindestens zwei Lagen unterschiedliche Mengen an holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern aufweist.
18. 18. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 17, wobei die mindestens eine holzfreie Gewebelage eine Außenlage des mehrlagigen Gewebepapiermaterials ist.
19. 19. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach Element 18, wobei das mehrlagige Gewebepapiermaterial mindestens zwei holzfreie Gewebelagen aufweist, wobei die holzfreien Gewebelagen eine erste und eine zweite Außenlage des mehrlagigen Gewebepapierprodukts bilden.
20. 20. Mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 7 bis 19, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage durch ein einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial gemäß einem der Elemente 1 bis 5 gebildet ist.
21. 21. Einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt, nach einem der Elemente 6 bis 20, wobei das Gewebepapierprodukt eine Absorptionsfähigkeit von mindestens 7 g/g aufweist.
22. 22. Einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt, nach einem der Elemente 6 bis 21, wobei das Gewebepapierprodukt eine Absorptionsfähigkeit von mindestens 8 g/g aufweist.
23. 23. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern mindestens 15 % Hemicellulose enthalten.
24. 24. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern nicht mehr als 15 % Lignin enthalten.
25. 25. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern eine durchschnittliche Faserlänge von weniger als 1700 µm aufweisen.
26. 26. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern eine durchschnittliche Faserlänge von weniger als 1200 µm aufweisen.
27. 27. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern eine durchschnittliche Faserlänge von weniger als 900 µm aufweisen.
28. 28. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulosefasern eine Bruchlänge von mehr als 3000 m aufweisen.
29. 29. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulosefasern ein Verhältnis von Bruchlänge zu durchschnittlicher Faserlänge von mehr als 3,7 aufweisen.
30. 30. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulosefasern ein Verhältnis von Bruchlänge zu durchschnittlicher Faserlänge von mehr als 4,0 aufweisen.
31. 31. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulosefasern ein Verhältnis von Bruchlänge zu durchschnittlicher Faserlänge von mehr als 4,5 aufweisen.
32. 32. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellstofffasern von einem Mitglied der Pocacea-Familie stammen, wie z.B. von Weizenstroh, Reisstroh, Gerstenstroh, Haferstroh, Roggengras, Bermudagras, Arundo donax, Miscanthus, Bambus, Zuckerrohrbagasse und/oder Sorghum.
33. 33. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern von einem Mitglied der Cannabaceae-Familie, wie z.B. von Hanf und/oder Hopfen, stammen.
34. 34. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern landwirtschaftliche Abfälle oder Nebenprodukte sind, wie diese von landwirtschaftlichen Abfällen oder Nebenprodukten der Pocacea-Familie und/oder der Cannabaceae-Familie stammen, wie im obigen dargestellt, umfassend landwirtschaftliche Abfälle oder Nebenprodukte aus Weizenstroh, Reisstroh, Gerstenstroh, Haferstroh, Roggengras, Zuckerrohrbagasse, Hanf oder Hopfen und/oder wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern aus landwirtschaftlichen Abfällen oder Nebenprodukten wie Bananenernterückständen (gehört zur Familie der Musaceae), Ananasrückständen (gehört zur Familie der Bromeliaceae), Nussschalenabfällen, Agavenbagasse, Hopfenrückständen und/oder Maisstroh gewonnen werden.
35. 35. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern von Kenaf (gehört zur Familie der Malvaceae), Switchgrass, Sukkulenten, Alfalfa (gehört zur Familie der Fabaceae.), Flachsstroh (gehört zur Familie der Linaceae), Palmfrüchten (Elaeis oder Arecaceae) und/oder Avocado (Lauraceae) stammen.
36. 36. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 15 % aufweist.
37. 37. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von mindestens 20 % des Trockengewichts aufweist.
38. 38. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von weniger als 70 % des Trockengewichts aufweist.
39. 39. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in einer Menge von weniger als 60 % des Trockengewichts aufweist.
40. 40. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage ferner Holzzellstofffasern, wie Hartholz-Zellulose-Zellstofffasern und/oder Weichholz-Zellulose-Zellstofffasern, aufweist.
41. 41. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach Element 40, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage Holzzellstofffasern in einer solchen Menge aufweist, dass die Holzzellstofffasermenge plus die holzfreie Fasermenge 100 % Trockengewicht der holzfreien Gewebelage bilden.
42. 42. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach Element 40 oder 41, wobei das Hartholz/Weichholz-Trockengewichtsverhältnis der Holzzellstofffasern in der holzfreien Gewebelage weniger als 95/5 beträgt.
43. 43. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 40 bis 42, wobei das Hartholz/Weichholz-Trockengewichtsverhältnis der Holzzellstofffasern in der holzfreien Gewebelage weniger als 90/10 beträgt.
44. 44. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 40 bis 43, wobei das Hartholz/Weichholz-Trockengewichtsverhältnis der Holzzellstofffasern in der holzfreien Gewebelage weniger als 80/20 beträgt.
45. 45. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern in der gesamten holzfreien Gewebelage oder - Lagen vorhanden sind.
46. 46. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen zwei oder mehr Schichten aufweist und mindestens eine Schicht holzfreie Fasern aufweist.
47. 47. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen durch herkömmliche Nasspress-Technologie (CWP) hergestellt ist.
48. 48. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei die holzfreie Gewebelage oder -Lagen durch Technologie für strukturiertes Gewebe hergestellt ist, beispielsweise TAD (Through Air Drying), ATMOS, NTT (texturiert), UCTAD, QRT, eTAD oder PrimeLineTEX.
49. 49. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, wobei ein Teil der oder alle holzfreien Zellulose-Zellstofffasern ungetrocknete holzfreie Zellulose-Zellstofffasern sind.
50. 50. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, aufweisend Weichholz-Zellulose-Zellstofffasern und wobei ein Teil der oder alle Weichholz-Zellulosefasern ungetrocknete Weichholz-Zellulose-Zellstofffasern sind.
51. 51. Einlagiges Gewebepapiermaterial, einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der vorstehenden Elemente, aufweisend Hartholz-Zellulose-Zellstofffasern und wobei ein Teil der oder alle Hartholz-Zellulosefasern ungetrocknete Hartholz-Zellulose-Zellstofffasern sind.
52. 52. Einlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt oder mehrlagiges Gewebepapierprodukt nach einem der Elemente 6 bis 51, wobei das Gewebepapierprodukt für die persönliche Hygiene bestimmt ist, wie Toilettenpapier, Handtücher, Papierservietten, Gesichtstücher, Taschentücher, oder das Gewebepapierprodukt ein Küchentuch oder industrielles Wischtuch ist.

The following combinations of features (hereinafter referred to as "elements") are also embodiments according to the invention:

1. 1. Single-ply tissue paper material having a basis weight of less than 40 g/m ² and a GMT tensile strength of at least 60 N/m, comprising a wood-free tissue layer, the wood-free tissue layer containing wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% by dry weight of the has wood-free fabric layer.
2. 2. The single ply tissue paper material of item 1, wherein the tissue paper material has a GMT tensile strength of at least 70 N/m.
3. 3. The single ply tissue paper material of item 1 or 2, wherein the tissue paper material has a GMT tensile strength of at least 80 N/m.
4. 4. A single ply tissue paper material according to any one of the preceding elements, having a basis weight of less than 30 g/m ² .
5. 5. A single ply tissue paper material according to any preceding element, having a basis weight of less than 25 g/m ² .
6. 6. A single ply tissue paper product comprised of a single ply tissue paper material according to any one of items 1 to 5.
7. 7. Multi-ply tissue paper product comprising two or more plies, wherein the average basis weight of the plies is less than 40 g/m ² , and the multi-ply tissue paper product has a GMT tensile strength of at least 100 N/m, wherein at least one ply is a wood-free tissue ply wherein the wood-free tissue ply comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% by dry weight of the wood-free tissue ply.
8. 8. The multi-ply tissue paper product according to item 7, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product has a GMT tensile strength of at least 120 N/m.
9. 9. The multi-ply tissue paper product of item 7 or 8, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product has a GMT tensile strength of at least 150 N/m.
10. 10. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of items 7 to 9, wherein at least 50% of the plies in the multi-ply tissue paper products are woodfree tissue plies, each woodfree tissue ply having woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% of the dry weight of the woodfree tissue ply.
11. 11. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 10, wherein all plies in the multi-ply tissue paper products are woodfree tissue plies, each woodfree tissue ply having woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% of the dry weight of the woodfree tissue ply.
12. 12. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 11, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.
13. 13. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 12, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 15% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.
14. 14. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 13, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 20% by dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product.
15. 15. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 14, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper material or product has from two to five plies.
16. 16. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 15, wherein each ply of the multi-ply product has an equal amount of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.
17. 17. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 to 15, wherein at least two plies have differing amounts of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.
18. 18. The multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 7 through 17, wherein the at least one woodfree tissue ply is an outer ply of the multi-ply tissue paper material.
19. 19. The multi-ply tissue paper product of item 18, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper material comprises at least two woodfree tissue plies, the woodfree tissue plies forming first and second outer plies of the multi-ply tissue paper product.
20. 20. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of items 7-19, wherein the woodfree tissue ply is formed by a single-ply tissue paper material according to any one of items 1-5.
21. 21. The single ply tissue paper product or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 6 to 20, wherein the tissue paper product has an absorbency of at least 7 g/g.
22. 22. The single ply tissue paper product or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 6 to 21, wherein the tissue paper product has an absorbency of at least 8 g/g.
23. 23. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contain at least 15% hemicellulose.
24. 24. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers contain no more than 15% lignin.
25. 25. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm.
26. 26. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 1200 µm.
27. 27. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 900 µm.
28. 28. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free cellulosic fibers have a breaking length greater than 3000 m.
29. 29. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the woodfree cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 3.7.
30. 30. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the woodfree cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 4.0.
31. 31. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the woodfree cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio greater than 4.5.
32. 32. A single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any preceding element, wherein the wood-free pulp fibers are derived from a member of the Pocacea family, such as wheat straw, rice straw, barley straw, oat straw, rye grass, Bermuda grass, Arundo donax, miscanthus, bamboo , sugar cane bagasse and/or sorghum.
33. 33. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are derived from a member of the Cannabaceae family, such as hemp and/or hops.
34. 34. Single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are agricultural waste or by-products, such as those derived from agricultural waste or by-products of the Pocacea family and/or the Cannabaceae family, as in as set forth above comprising agricultural waste or by-products of wheat straw, rice straw, barley straw, oat straw, rye grass, sugar cane bagasse, hemp or hops and/or wherein the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers are derived from agricultural waste or by-products such as banana crop residues (belonging to the Musaceae family), pineapple residues ( belongs to the Bromeliaceae family), nut shell waste, agave bagasse, hop residue and/or maize straw.
35. 35. A single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are derived from kenaf (belonging to the family of Malvaceae), switchgrass, succulent, alfalfa (belonging to the family of Fabaceae.), flax straw (belonging to Linaceae family), palm fruits (Elaeis or Arecaceae) and/or avocado (Lauraceae).
36. 36. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free tissue sheet or sheets comprises the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 15%.
37. 37. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of the preceding elements, wherein the woodfree tissue sheet or sheets comprises the woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 20% by dry weight.
38. 38. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of the preceding elements, wherein the woodfree tissue sheet or sheets comprises the woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount less than 70% by dry weight.
39. 39. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the woodfree tissue sheet or sheets comprises the woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount less than 60% by dry weight.
40. 40. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the woodfree tissue layer further comprises wood pulp fibers, such as hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers and/or softwood cellulosic pulp fibers.
41. 41. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of item 40, wherein the woodfree tissue ply comprises woodpulp fibers in an amount such that the woodpulp fiber amount plus the woodfree fiber amount constitutes 100% dry weight of the woodfree tissue ply.
42. 42. The single-ply tissue paper stock, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of item 40 or 41, wherein the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the wood-free tissue ply is less than 95/5.
43. 43. The single ply tissue paper stock, single ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 40 to 42 wherein the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the woodfree tissue ply is less than 90/10.
44. 44. The single-ply tissue paper stock, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of items 40 to 43, wherein the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the woodfree tissue ply is less than 80/20.
45. 45. The single-ply tissue paper stock, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any preceding element, wherein the woodfree cellulose pulp fibers are present throughout the woodfree tissue ply or plies.
46. 46. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of the preceding elements, wherein the woodfree tissue sheet or sheets comprises two or more layers and at least one layer comprises woodfree fibers.
47. 47. The single-ply tissue paper stock, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the woodfree tissue ply or plies is made by conventional wet-pressed (CWP) technology.
48. 48. Single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, wherein the wood-free tissue sheet or sheets is made by structured tissue technology, for example TAD (Through Air Drying), ATMOS, NTT (textured), UCTAD, QRT, eTAD or PrimeLineTEX.
49. 49. The single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product of any one of the preceding elements, wherein some or all of the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are undried wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers.
50. 50. A single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements comprising softwood cellulosic pulp fibers and wherein a portion or all of the softwood cellulosic fibers are undried softwood cellulosic pulp fibers.
51. 51. A single-ply tissue paper material, single-ply tissue paper product, or multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding elements, comprising hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers and wherein a portion or all of the hardwood cellulosic fibers are undried hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers.
52. 52. A single-ply tissue paper product or a multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of items 6 to 51, wherein the tissue paper product is for personal care such as toilet paper, hand towels, paper napkins, facial tissue, handkerchiefs, or the tissue paper product is a kitchen towel or industrial wipe.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

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Claims (19)

A multi-ply tissue paper product comprising two or more plies, the average basis weight of the plies being less than 40 g/m ² , and the multi-ply tissue paper product having a GMT tensile strength of at least 100 N/m, at least one ply being a wood-free tissue ply, wherein the wood-free ply comprises wood-free cellulose pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% of the dry weight of the wood-free ply, the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers containing at least 15% hemicellulose, and the wood-free cellulose pulp fibers containing no more than 15% lignin. Multi-ply tissue paper product after claim 1 wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product has a GMT tensile strength of at least 120 N/m, preferably at least 150 N/m. Multi-ply tissue paper product after claim 1 or 2 wherein at least 50% of the plies, preferably all plies, in the multi-ply tissue paper products are woodfree tissue plies, each woodfree tissue ply having woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10% of the dry weight of the woodfree tissue ply. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multi-ply tissue paper product comprises wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 10%, preferably at least 15% or 20% of the dry weight of the multi-ply tissue paper product. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each ply of the multi-ply product has an equal amount of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of Claims 1 until 4 wherein at least two plies have different amounts of wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers. Multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one woodfree tissue ply is an outer ply of the multi-ply tissue paper material, the multi-ply tissue paper material preferably having at least two woodfree tissue plies, the woodfree tissue plies forming a first and a second outer ply of the multi-ply tissue paper product. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the tissue paper product has an absorbency of at least 7 g/g, preferably at least 8 g/g. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers have an average fiber length of less than 1700 µm, preferably less than 1200 µm or 900 µm. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood-free cellulosic fibers have a breaking length greater than 3000m. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood-free cellulosic fibers have a broken length to average fiber length ratio of greater than 3.7, preferably greater than 4.0 or 4.5. Multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood-free pulp fibers are derived from a member of the Pocacea family, such as wheat straw, rice straw, barley straw, oat straw, rye grass, Bermuda grass, Arundo donax, miscanthus, bamboo, sugar cane bagasse and/or sorghum, or from a member of the Cannabaceae family, such as hemp and/or hops, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are preferably agricultural waste or by-products, and/or wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are from agricultural waste or by-products such as banana crop residues, pineapple residues , nut shell trimmings, agave bagasse, hop residue and/or corn stalks, and/or wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are derived from kenaf, switchgrass, succulents, alfalfa, flax straw, palm fruit and/or avocado. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the woodfree tissue ply or plies has the woodfree cellulosic pulp fibers in an amount of at least 15%, preferably at least 20% and preferably less than 70% or 60% by dry weight. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the woodfree tissue ply further comprises wood pulp fibers, such as hardwood cellulosic pulp fibers and/or softwood cellulosic pulp fibers, and wherein the woodfree tissue sheet preferably comprises wood pulp fibers in an amount such that the amount of wood pulp fibers plus the woodfree fiber amount constitute 100% dry weight of the woodfree fabric layer. Multi-ply tissue paper product after Claim 14 wherein the hardwood/softwood dry weight ratio of the wood pulp fibers in the wood-free tissue layer is less than 95/5, preferably less than 90/10 or less than 80/20. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood-free cellulosic pulp fibers are present throughout the wood-free tissue ply or plies. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the woodfree tissue ply or plies comprises two or more layers and at least one layer comprises woodfree fibers. Multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood-free tissue ply or plies is made by structured tissue technology, for example TAD (Through Air Drying), ATMOS, NTT (textured), UCTAD, QRT, eTAD or PrimeLineTEX. A multi-ply tissue paper product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tissue paper product is for personal care such as toilet paper, hand towels, paper napkins, facial tissue, handkerchiefs, or the tissue paper product is kitchen towel or industrial wipe.

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