DE202008001320U1 - finished component - Google Patents

Abstract

finished component (1) for Structures (34, 35) and / or means of transport, comprising two spaced-apart, made of plastic Walls (2, 2a, 2b) in at least partial coverage, and further at least one attached, molded, integrated with it trained and / or thus integrally formed fastener (8) for fixing the prefabricated component (1) to a support element (3, 10).

Description

The The invention relates to a prefabricated building element and structures.

One Such generic prefabricated component is for example a glass finished component. Such glass finished components are known for facades of buildings or space frameworks used. Glass finished components come among other things also in passenger transport facilities, such as Rail vehicles, z. For example Windows, or with elevators for use.

One Disadvantage of such glass finished components is their poor handling. They are relatively heavy and easily damaged. Furthermore, the production of such finished glass components is comparatively costly and, associated with it, associated with high manufacturing costs. Apart from that, such glass finished components, even with the use of Insulation technologies a comparatively low thermal insulation value.

task The invention is to the disadvantages of the prior art remove. In particular, it is intended to be comparatively easy to produce, easy-to-handle and universally applicable finished component, and a universal and multifunctional prefabricated building element system be provided with at least one prefabricated component. Another one The aim is to build a building or a transport facility with a Specify finished component or a prefabricated element system, which / which is particularly easy to handle and multifunctional use.

These The object is achieved by the features of the claims 1, 49, 57 and 62. Embodiments of the invention will become apparent the claims 2 to 48, 50 to 56, 58 to 61 and 63 to 64.

One The first aspect of the invention relates to a prefabricated building element and transport facilities. The prefabricated component comprises at least two spaced-apart Walls in at least partial coverage. The walls are made of plastic, for example thermoplastic material, produced. Each wall may have one or more layers of plastic, in particular of thermoplastic material. The thickness of the walls can be adapted to the respective stability requirements be adjusted. For highly loaded prefabricated components, in particular with load-bearing or supportive Function, at least one of the walls can be made correspondingly thick be.

The Finished component further comprises at least one fastening element for fastening the prefabricated component to a support element. The fastener can be attached to the prefabricated component, molded, integrated with it trained and / or in one piece be educated. The fastening element can in particular Metal, in particular aluminum, of an alloy, of stainless steel Steel and / or be made of the aforementioned plastics.

at the support element may be z. B. to a carrier or a support Concrete or reinforced concrete, or metal, wood, plastic, in particular made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic (GRP) and / or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), or from another, each having the required strength Act building material.

The Walls of the finished component are according to an embodiment of the invention at least in sections for visible light at least partially transparent. The feature of "at least Sectional transparency for visible light "excludes, without restriction the general public, with one that at least a section of the finished component is transparent. Under "at least partially transparent " in particular understood that at least part of the human visible spectrum passes through the wall, preferably at least essentially unimpaired. Under the phrase "at least partially transparent " in addition to walls, in total or in corresponding sections allow a review, also understood walls, in total or in appropriate While sections do not allow for transparency, they are visible Let light pass scattered, d. H. for example one cause milky impression.

The Walls can completely cover up. Unless the walls completely cover, and for example one of the walls opposite the other wall has a peripheral projection, This projection can be used as a panel. It can, for example between the prefabricated component and an adjacent carrier or Masonry and the like. Freestanding spaces or gaps are covered. This is for example advantageous if the finished component in a window opening a building is used.

Due to the use of plastic, for example thermoplastic material, the finished component has a much lower weight compared to a finished glass component of comparable size. As a result, and not least because of the already provided fasteners, the finished component is easy to handle. For example, the Fertigbauele ment be mounted by the fasteners particularly simple and time-saving. Also, the prefabricated components according to the invention are much more robust than comparable precast glass elements, they are not easily damaged and are easier to handle for this reason during transport and installation.

Furthermore allows the use of plastic, in particular of thermoplastic material, a comparatively simple and in particular cost-effective production. In particular, because of the ease of use and installation that can Prefabricated element universally used and used: The Prefabricated element is particularly suitable for structures such as buildings, in particular Houses, Skyscrapers, Halls, space frameworks, noise barriers and Enclosures. Furthermore, the finished component can be used at transport facilities, z. For example Persons, loads or goods. At the transport facility it can turn into not final enumeration to vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, rail vehicles, aircraft and ships, or even elevators act.

to increase stability of the prefabricated component can at least one between the walls, preferably strip-like, spacing element may be arranged. Apart from that, can / can the spacing element or elements also for spacing the walls serve according to a predetermined nominal distance. The spacer element can be essentially arbitrary between the walls, z. B. parallel or transverse to a side edge of the finished component. The Spacer element may also have a flexural rigidity or Have torsional rigidity of the device improving structure. For example, the spacing element may be honeycomb-shaped be. Furthermore, the spacing element can also be used to shape the Prefabricated element can be used. This can be the spacer element for example, curved, arc or be formed kinked.

The or the spacing elements can independent Be components attached to the walls or attached to it become. But it is also possible that the one or more spacer elements in one piece to the walls are formed.

Also can the spacer elements of the same material as the walls be prepared, d. H. made of plastic, in particular of thermoplastic Plastic.

The or the fasteners may edge projecting the prefabricated component or formed recessed edge be. In this case, the fastening element, a mounting bracket, a mounting bracket, a both walls by cross through hole and / or an adhesive element.

Further Is it possible, that the fastening element is a tongue and groove connecting element, a keyway-spring connecting element, Connecting pins, connecting lugs, recesses and / or notches includes. Such fasteners can, for example, the edge of the Prefabricated element can be arranged, whereby two or more prefabricated components be connected together in a tiled string can.

With the proposed fasteners, the finished component in a simple manner and with few steps, especially time-saving, to be assembled.

To the invention, the finished component is at least partially transparent. It is possible that the finished component is designed as such transparent. Can do this the walls over their entire extent, at least for visible light, essentially be transparent.

Further Is it possible, that the finished component a, in particular for the visible light, at least partially transparent or transparent, z. B. window-like, Section has. Outside of this Section can / can one of the walls and / or both walls, at least for visible Light, essentially impermeable be. For this purpose, at least one of the walls can be colored outside of this section, contain light-absorbing first particles, a mirroring, a colored tint, and / or has a light-absorbing first coating / s, and / or in the section containing second particles and / or a second coating, which has a predetermined wavelength range of the light and / or ultraviolet radiation absorbed. To this Way is it possible the transparency or opacity of the finished component to a great extent to a wide variety of requirements adapt.

The Size and location the transparent portion, such as. B. edge or center of the Prefabricated element, can essentially chosen arbitrarily and adapted to the respective circumstances. The latter and carry the variable design of the transparent section in particular to the fact that the finished component particularly versatile is usable.

At least one wall of the erfindungsge Prefabricated element can be coated on the outside thereof (one side facing away from the other wall) and / or inside (one side facing the other wall, ie side facing the space between the walls) with a coating material scratch-resistant with respect to the plastic of the walls. With a scratch-resistant surface can be avoided that by external influences such. B. weathering u. Ä., Scratches and the like. arise, which among other things may affect the transparency of the finished component.

The Scratch resistance can z. B. by a nanostructured, d. H. a microscopic rough, surface texture be achieved. The nanostructured surface texture can, for. B. can be achieved by an appropriate coating. Such Coating can z. B. nanoparticles with a mean grain size in the nanometer range exhibit. A nanostructured surface texture can also be applied for the purpose of self-cleaning effect of the surface of the Improve finished component.

Further can at least one wall of the finished component according to the invention on the outside thereof (optionally also on the inside) a UV protection coating exhibit. This makes the finished component UV-resistant, otherwise, under certain circumstances discoloration occurring Over time, this is at least largely prevented.

Next a microscopically rough and macroscopically smooth surface texture the outside and / or inside of at least one wall also come cambered, ribbed and / or knobbed surface textures. Such surface textures can including, for example, an increase in the stability of the wall cause. It is also possible that at least one of the walls on the outside and / or inside of the finished component a sound-absorbing, in particular honeycomb or honeycomb, surface texture having.

The Prefabricated component may further comprise one or more sealing elements include, which front side of the finished component and / or edge on an outer surface at least a wall can be arranged. The one or more, preferably flexible running, sealing elements allow a form-fitting Applying a finished component to an adjacent prefabricated component, a carrier, a wall or a masonry. In addition, with the sealing element Expansion joints and the like. Between adjacent prefabricated components or between a prefabricated component and a carrier, etc., especially while ensuring a satisfactory seal, bridged can.

The Sealing element can, depending on the purpose of substantially be mounted anywhere on the finished component. For example the sealing element along one or more longitudinal or Transverse edges, in particular the front side of the finished component, arranged be. Apart from that, it is also possible that the sealing element only partially arranged or attached.

The Sealing element can be manufactured as a separate component and connected to the rest of the finished component. It is but also possible that the sealing element simultaneously with one or the walls of the finished component or the entire remaining prefabricated component is produced in one piece, for example by means of a multi-component manufacturing device. In this case, the sealing element thus becomes the same in the production with molded.

Of the Plastic from which the walls are made, in particular be a thermoplastic plastic material or include, for example a polycarbonate. Polycarbonates are synthetic polymers from the Family of polyesters. Polycarbonates are crystal clear, dyeable, weldable and adhesively executable as well as very dimensionally stable and also have a high impact strength. Polycarbonates are known, for example, under the trade name Makrolon of Bayer AG or Lexan of the plastics division of General Electric.

The Wall can have a layer or a layer composite. polycarbonate in particular, and thermoplastics in general, are comparatively lightweight compared to glass, so that the finished component is particularly easy to handle. The lightweight construction of the finished component according to the invention has about it in addition the advantage that static requirements for the fasteners and / or supporting structures can be relaxed.

The Prefabricated component may further comprise one or more solar modules for converting solar energy into electrical energy. The Solar modules can at least on one outside be attached to one of the walls. It is also possible that the solar module is arranged between the walls. That or the Solar modules can / can for example outside be arranged of the transparent portion. This way you can with simultaneous possibility for energy production, a passage of light outside the transparent section be avoided.

Around the passage of light, especially in the transparent section, At least partially it is possible that the finished component further comprises a shading unit. With this Abschattungseinheit the permeability can at least for the visible Light, especially in dependence of the respective incidence of light to be changed in a simple manner.

Advantageous It is when the permeable continuously variable is. For continuous change the permeability the shading unit can have several, preferably about an axis of rotation motorized rotatable, include shading blades. The shading blades can on an outside be arranged at least one wall. However, it is also possible that the shading blades in a space between the walls are arranged.

Instead of the Abschattungslamellen, or in addition, the Abschattungseinheit a shading chamber formed for introducing a shading medium exhibit. The shading chamber can vary depending on the desired Shadow level be filled with different shading media. The shading chamber can be in the space between the walls be educated.

When Shading media are solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances. It is possible that the shading medium is formed such that its shading effect by applying with an electrical voltage, with pressure or by adding a Shading dye, e.g. B. continuously, changeable is. This allows a very simple change the shading effect.

To a development of the finished component is provided that this one or more attached thereto or integrated with it comprises trained lighting elements. The lighting element (s) can z. B. between the walls. Such a form te Prefabricated components are suitable, for example, as ceiling or floor elements, Walls or partitions inside a building. Apart from that, there are also illuminated facades and the like. Be designed.

Regarding it is the relative position and arrangement of the walls to each other possible that the walls are substantially parallel to each other. By a divergent arrangement of the walls can also be wedge-shaped or wedge-shaped or Wedge segment-like prefabricated components can be realized. By a wedge-shaped, wedge-shaped or wedge segment-like shape of the finished component u. a. the strength and torsional stiffness of the finished component be improved.

Especially in a parallel arrangement of the walls, for example, prefabricated components are made, which are so flexible that this on by carrier or supporting elements and the like. Predetermined curvatures can be adjusted. to Adaptation to given curvatures It is also advantageous if the walls connected in such a way are that the finished component can be bent in a simple manner.

The Prefabricated element can, depending on assembly requirements, at least in sections be formed planar. It is also possible that the prefabricated component Bent in at least one section, curved, convex, concave or kinked is trained.

To a development of the finished component according to the invention comprises this further arranged at least one between the walls Intermediate wall. The partition can be z. B. for the demarcation of Shading chamber can be used. In addition, the stability of the finished component, in particular with comparatively large thicknesses of the finished component, be improved. That being said, by one or more Zwischenwandungen several, located between the walls chambers produced, among other things, the heat transfer coefficient through changed the finished component can be. This means in particular that the heat insulating properties of Finished component can be improved.

The Walls or the walls and the at least one intermediate wall can on at least one longitudinal or transverse edge, preferably gas or fluid-tight, peripherally connected to each other, glued welded and / or be formed on each other. In this way you can between the walls trained chambers are filled with a fluid or gas.

at a prefabricated component with at least one intermediate wall can / can or the spacer elements between one of the walls and an adjacent intermediate wall and / or between two mutually be arranged adjacent intermediate walls, so that the Intermediate walls can be stabilized.

According to one embodiment of the prefabricated construction element according to the invention, the spacing element can extend in one dimension substantially over the entire prefabricated construction element, in this way that are formed by the spacer element in the prefabricated component, between the walls, individual sub-chambers. The sub-chambers can be used analogously to the previously described chambers, or as shading chambers.

The Partial chambers can be formed as communicating sub-chambers, if, for example the spacer element transverse to its longitudinal extent one or more having appropriately arranged passages. Outwardly can / can the chamber or partial chambers formed between the walls, at least partially sealed off at the edge of the prefabricated component, that these are essentially impermeable to a solid, liquid or gaseous filling medium are. The chamber or subchambers can be completely filled with the filling medium filled be. However, you can the chamber or the sub-chambers also only partially filled with filling medium, whereby, for example, a section-wise variation of the transparency of the finished component can be achieved.

The filling medium may be formed such that by filling the chamber or the at least a sub-chamber of the heat transfer coefficient of the finished component can be reduced or increased. For applications in the interior of buildings can be used for uniform tempering of Prefabricated elements separate rooms, the heat transfer coefficient elevated, d. H. the heat transfer resistance be reduced. On the other hand, to improve the insulation effect of Heat transfer coefficient, z. As in facades of buildings, can be reduced, a filling medium with elevated Isolation effect can be used. An increase in the insulation effect can also be achieved when the pressure in the chamber or in the sub-chambers is reduced.

To the easier filling with filling medium or Empty the chamber, one of the sub-chambers or the communicating Subchambers, the finished component further comprises at least one port opening include.

On this way you can by one or more prefabricated components and circuits for the filling medium be formed.

It is possible, too, that in a prefabricated component two or more separate circuits or at least circuit sections or sub-chamber systems are formed. These can then, too at the same time and therefore in parallel, of different filling media flows through or with different filling media filled become. Thus, in a prefabricated component, for example, one or more sub-chambers or cycles or circulation sections with a liquid medium and one or more Partial chambers or circuits Circuit sections may be provided with a gaseous medium.

To A variant of the invention is the chamber or at least one the sub-chambers by means of separations in communicating sub-chambers divided. This is advantageous if the filling medium at the same time comparatively long cycle through the chamber or sub-chamber, z. B. circulation-like, carried out shall be. Thus, a circulation of the filling medium through the chamber or partial chamber possible is, it is also advantageous if the finished component at least another connection opening includes. By means of the connection opening and the further connection opening is it then possible the filling medium to lead through the prefabricated component in a circulation circuit.

To a further variant of the invention, at least one of the walls and / or at least one intermediate wall in its wall surface passage openings for the filling medium or a surrounding the finished component gaseous or liquid ambient medium exhibit. This can also be transverse or perpendicular to the wall surfaces Flow of filling medium be achieved. In particular, a transfer of filling medium between two perpendicular to the wall surface can be achieved successively located sub-chambers. Unless the Walls passage openings outward have, the prefabricated component, for example, the loading and vent be used. Another application of the passage openings after Outside exists z. B. in that the prefabricated element as Sprinklerelement, in particular a sprinkler system intended for fire protection or an irrigation system, can be used. Especially when used as a sprinkler element can the passage openings nozzle-like trained or with nozzles be provided. Furthermore, the prefabricated component closure means comprising a, preferably automated, setting the permeability the passage openings for the filling medium and / or the surrounding medium. This can z. B. in a simple way, the flow rate for loading or venting be set. An automated adjustment option is particularly in connection with sprinkler systems for fire fighting or irrigation advantageous. The prefabricated components can then be used in one with Firefighting suitable gaseous or liquid filling medium filled Condition be kept, so that in case of fire an immediate Firefighting possible is.

The filling medium may be belie bige fixed, z. B. granular, liquid or gaseous media. As a gaseous medium for filling the chambers or sub-chambers in particular helium comes into consideration. As a result, in particular, the effective weight of the finished component in the air atmosphere can be reduced. It is also possible that the at least one chamber or sub-chamber contains no filling medium, and in which a vacuum is formed, whereby in particular the insulating effect can be improved. Likewise suitable as a filling medium, a heavy medium (for example, compared to air) into consideration, by which, for example, the stability of an object created from or with the prefabricated elements can be increased.

in the With regard to a particularly simple and cost-effective production is provided according to the invention, that the walls and / or the intermediate walls, or the prefabricated component as such injection molded, pressed, deep-drawn, blown, or are extruded.

To A second aspect of the invention is a prefabricated building element system provided, which at least one prefabricated component according to the first aspect, and a conduit connected to at least one connection port for Supply or discharge of filling medium includes. about the lines can / can the chamber or the sub-chambers in a simple manner with filling medium filled and the filling medium can be easily removed from it. In particular, it is possible the degree of filling the Chamber or sub-chambers z. B. via an automated pump system to set arbitrarily or, according to the respective circumstances, too vary. It can also be connected to at least one further connection opening further cable for removal or supply of the filling medium be provided. Thus, the filling medium can be supplied via one of the lines and over the other line dissipated be, or vice versa. In particular, it is possible that filling medium to circulate through the prefabricated building element. By circulation of the filling medium through the prefabricated component, d. H. through the chamber or at least one of the sub-chambers it is possible to use the finished component as a heating or cooling element. To the Heating can be circulated through the prefabricated element filling medium, which is a higher one Temperature than the ambient temperature. Conversely, can by circulating filling medium with a lower temperature than the ambient one cooling effect be achieved. Heating or cooling can also be achieved by z. Hot / cold air over the pipe (s) supplied and then which over the passage openings exits the prefabricated component. Furthermore, it is for cooling too possible, comparatively warm ambient air over z. B. at least one sub-chamber suck off and, according to the desired cooling effect, colder air over the Passage openings at least one of them different sub-chamber leak. Apart from a cooling / heating is it possible, for example, exchange used air, which is especially true for indoor and Like. Applicable, and thus on additional ventilation systems can be waived.

Corresponding the desired Operating mode may further include a heating and / or cooling device for heating or Cool provided the filling medium be. In particular for the production of heat energy from the filling medium An energy conversion unit can be used. The energy conversion unit For example, a heat pump and / or a heat exchanger include.

Further Furthermore, the prefabricated building element system may be one with the pipe, or pumping means connected to the conduit and the further conduit for delivery or removal the filling medium, and / or a circulation means for circulating the filling medium include.

The Prefabricated element system can be several, side by side and / or one above the other arranged prefabricated component according to the first aspect of the invention. The prefabricated components can be connected separately with lines for supplying or discharging the filling medium. It but it is also possible that several, d. H. at least two, prefabricated components to a common Line system are connected. Each of the prefabricated components can be connected to an inlet and / or outlet of the conduit system. But it is also possible that at two adjoining or adjacent prefabricated components the connection opening of a prefabricated component with the further connection opening of the connected to another prefabricated component. This makes it possible to have more than one Prefabricated components to string together and together connect that the chambers or sub-chambers communicate with each other.

As already mentioned, can be in one or more prefabricated components and thus also in the prefabricated building element system a cycle for the filling medium be formed. Even in a prefabricated element can two or several separate circuits or at least circuit sections or sub-chamber systems formed be.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a building comprising at least one prefabricated building element according to the first aspect of the invention or at least one prefabricated building element system according to the second aspect of the invention. In particular, the building can be a building, in particular a House, skyscraper or a hall. Furthermore, the building can be or comprise a support structure, in particular a space frame. In addition, the structure may include a noise barrier, an enclosure, etc., especially for traffic routes.

The Prefabricated element or the prefabricated element system is ideal for space frameworks, which, preferably tubular, struts and / or supports and Connecting elements for the struts and / or supports exhibit. In the fasteners may be z. B. to spherical or cuboidal elements act which is a weld, Riveting, screwing, etc. allow the struts and / or supports.

at The space frameworks may be in particular space trusses of the MERO-TSK International GmbH & Co. KG is based in Würzburg. Such space frameworks can, for example Bars or Comprise pipes and so-called meroknots as connecting elements, specify the certain angle settings during construction. When Materials for Space frame construction elements are steel, aluminum, fiberglass reinforced plastic and / or CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic), as well as others Plastics into consideration.

The Prefabricated element or prefabricated element system may be part of the building envelope be one of the aforementioned structures. Be under building envelope in particular the roof, outer walls, especially facade parts, window and door elements of a building understood. The Prefabricated element or the prefabricated element system can also be part an interior wall, a floor, in particular floor, a ceiling, one Interior window element and an inner door element. The finished component or the prefabricated building element system can also be part of a roofing, z. On pedestrian paths, Transits, passages, entrances, etc. be.

The Prefabricated element or the prefabricated element system can in particular Part of an enclosure of the building envelope. The enclosure can among other things for purposes of heat insulation, z. B. of building facades, the reduction of solar radiation, cooling, air conditioning, as Sprinkleranlage, used as sound insulation, etc. It will expressly noted that the aforementioned different uses be realized both alone and in combination can.

apart of buildings according to the third aspect of the invention, the prefabricated building element or the prefabricated building element system according to a fourth As pect of the invention Part of a transport facility for persons Be loads or goods. The transport facility can z. B. a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, a rail vehicle, an airplane, a ship, an elevator and / or a conveyor belt include. In particular, it is possible that the prefabricated component or the prefabricated element system component the outer shell, in particular an outer wall, Part of a body, an interior or exterior trim, Part of an inner wall, an inner wall, a ceiling, one Soil and / or a roof the transport facility is.

advantages and beneficial effects for the third and fourth aspects of the invention will be apparent from the Prefabricated element according to the first aspect of the invention and from the Prefabricated element system according to the second aspect of the invention. Especially However, it can be seen that the finished component or the prefabricated element system In addition to a particularly simple handling, especially universal can be used and offers a variety of uses. At this Place should be mentioned be that the finished component in particular as a glass replacement suitable. This means that the finished component will be used everywhere can, where according to the state of the art, comparatively massive and heavy and difficult to handle glass components are used.

embodiments The invention are in the attached schematic drawings shown. Show it:

1 a first embodiment of a finished component according to the first aspect of the invention;

2 a second embodiment of a finished component according to the first aspect of the invention;

3 a cross-section through a prefabricated component according to a third embodiment of a finished component;

4 a cross section through a finished component according to a fourth embodiment;

5 a cross section through a finished component according to a fifth embodiment;

6 a cross section through a finished component according to a sixth embodiment;

7 a perspective view of a finished component according to a seventh embodiment;

8th a cross-sectional view of an eighth embodiment;

9 a plan view of a finished device according to a ninth embodiment;

10 a prefabricated building element system according to the second aspect of the invention;

11 a development of the prefabricated building element system of 10 ;

12 a tenth embodiment of a finished component according to the invention;

13 an eleventh embodiment of a finished component according to the invention;

14 a cross section of a twelfth embodiment of a finished component according to the invention;

15 a building with prefabricated components attached to it;

16 a space frame with attached prefabricated components.

In The figures are the same or functionally identical elements with the same Reference numeral. The figures are not necessarily to scale and standards between the characters can vary. It is understood that the figures embodiments represent the invention and to that extent not restrictive are. For the sake of clarity and clarity of the figures may not be that in the figures all elements are reproduced and designated. In the light of the description The skilled person will readily supplement or recognize the missing elements can. Expressly It should be noted that any combinations and sub-combinations the possible in the context of the invention Elements and features are included, even if these combinations and subcombinations as such are not in the Figures are shown.

1 shows a first embodiment of a finished component 1 according to the first aspect of the invention. The finished component 1 has two spaced apart, at least partially visible light at least partially transparent, made of a thermoplastic walls 2 on. The walls 2 are arranged substantially parallel to each other and completely overlap in the embodiment shown. However, it is different from 1 , also possible that the walls 2 only partially cover. A partial overlap is in 2 shown. In 2 jumps a first wall 2a at the edge over a second wall 2 B in front. One over the second wall 2 B projecting section of the first wall 2a can be used for example as an aperture element. The panel element can be used between two prefabricated components arranged next to one another 1 , or, as in 2 shown between the prefabricated component 1 and a carrier 3 , or a wall, formed column 4 or to cover slots.

The finished component 1 is at least partially transparent at least for visible light. The term "transparent" is intended to encompass in particular the range of translucent to transparent to clear. At least partially transparent should mean that the finished component at least one, z. B. window-like, transparent portion. In 1 and 2 Such a section is centered in the finished component 1 exemplified by dotted lines, and with the reference numeral 5 designated. Deviating from the illustration in 1 and 2 can the transparent section 5 also have several sections, and be arranged differently with respect to the walls, z. B. edge.

Outside the transparent section 5 can the finished component 1 be substantially impermeable to at least visible light. Impermeable includes in particular the range of opaque to opaque, which is sometimes referred to as opaque. An opaque section of the finished component 1 is with the reference numeral 6 designated. To the respectively desired opacity of the opaque section 6 Among other things, it is possible to achieve that at least one of the walls, z. B. the first wall 2a , which is colored, contains light-absorbing first particles, a silvering, a colored tint, and / or a light-absorbing first coating 7a having. It is also, or in addition, possible that the opaque section 6 contains second particles and / or a second coating 7b which absorbs a predetermined wavelength range of the light and / or ultraviolet radiation. In this way it is possible to make the transparency or opacity of the finished component according to the particular circumstances and requirements. The first coating 7a and the second coating 7b are in 3 on the same side of the finished component 1 applied. However, it is also possible that the first coating 7a and the second coating 7b are applied to each other from different sides. In particular, these can be on different walls 2 be upset. It is also within the scope of the invention, when the first coating 7a and / or the second Beschich device 7b only in sections, z. B. only in the transparent section 5 , up were brought.

To increase the scratch resistance of the surface of the finished component 1 Can at least one of the walls 2 on the outside of which have a further coating. The first coating 7a and the second coating 7b or the further coating may each have one or more layers. It is also possible that two or more of the effects intended by the coatings can be achieved with a combined coating of one or more layers.

The surface texture of at least one of the walls 2 can be changed or adapted in particular by a nanostructuring. With nanostructured surfaces z. B. an increase in impact and / or scratch resistance can be achieved. Apart from this, a self-cleaning effect can be achieved by a suitably nanostructured surface, with which a contamination of the finished component 1 avoided or significantly reduced for at least a certain period of time.

The surface texture can also be adapted or changed by other structuring. So it is particularly possible that at least one of the walls 2 at least on the outside of smooth, cambered, ribbed and / or studded. With such structuring, for example, the stability of the walls 2 whose transparency and / or opacity, as well as sound absorption and the like are adjusted accordingly. To achieve a sound-absorbing effect, it is particularly possible that at least one of the walls 2 has a honeycomb or honeycomb structure.

The finished component 1 also includes a plurality of fasteners 8th , which in the example of the 1 and 2 around through holes 9 or through holes. The through holes 9 reach through both walls 2 of the finished component 1 and allow easy and quick attachment to a support, a cross member 10 and the like., z. B. by means of screws, rivets, etc. The through hole 9 may differ from 1 and 2 also on one of the finished component 1 projecting nose 11 be provided, which is in the cross-sectional representation of 3 is shown. The cross-sectional representation, as well as cross-sectional representations described below, correspond to a section through the finished component 1 of the 1 along the line AA.

Deviating from the illustration in 1 to 3 can the fastener 8th be formed differently. The fastener 8th can edge of the finished component 1 be formed projecting or edge of the same recessed. In particular, it may be in the fastener 8th to act a mounting bracket, an adhesive element, and / or a mounting bracket. One edge of the finished component 1 projecting mounting bracket 12 is in the cross-sectional view of 4 shown. The mounting bracket 12 can in turn through holes 9 or other fasteners with which the prefabricated component 1 on a carrier 3 a crossbeam 10 and the like. Can be attached.

Additionally, or alternatively, the fastener or fasteners may 8th Further, a tongue and groove connecting element, a keyway-spring connecting element, connecting pins, connecting tabs, recesses and / or notches and the like. Include. A keyway-spring connection 13 between two adjoining prefabricated components is in the cross-sectional view of 5 shown. Such fastening elements can also be designed such that the finished component 1 with the carrier 3 and the like can be connected. The latter fasteners allow easy juxtaposition and positive connection of the finished component 1 with another prefabricated component or the carrier 3 ,

According to a variant of the invention, the prefabricated component 1 comprise one or more sealing elements. In the cross-sectional representation of 6 are exemplary a first sealing element 14a and a second sealing element 14b shown. The first sealing element 14a is the front side of the finished component 1 arranged while the second sealing element 14b at the edge on an outer surface 15 the second wall 2 B is appropriate. The first sealing element 14a and the second sealing element 14b can be provided in sections along one or more longitudinal or transverse edges, or be arranged circumferentially around the end or edge. By means of the sealing elements 14a and / or 14b may be a seal between adjacent prefabricated components 1 and / or between a prefabricated component and a carrier adjacent thereto 3 , Masonry and the like can be achieved. The first sealing elements 14a In addition to the sealing function, they can also assume an attachment function, for example when the prefabricated component 1 in one, z. B. window-like, recess used or fitted. The sealing elements can be glued, molded or mounted in any other way on the finished component.

According to a variant of the invention, the prefabricated component 1 , in particular for its stabilization and / or for the spacing of the walls 2 according to a predetermined distance d, one or more spacing elements 16 include. The spacer elements 16 are in the example of 7 formed like a strip and parallel to a transverse edge of the finished component 1 arranged. The spacer elements 16 may alternatively, or in addition, be arranged parallel or transverse to a side edge, in particular a longitudinal or transverse edge. The spacer elements 16 can be made of a metal, a thermoplastic or other suitable materials which z. B. a stabilization of the finished component 1 enable. The spacer elements 16 can also be used directly on the walls 2 be formed, in particular simultaneously with and / or be made of the same material as the walls.

The spacer elements 16 divide one between the two walls 2 trained chamber 18 into several subchambers 19 , Each spacer element 16 has several passages 17 on, so that the subchambers 19 , z. B. for solid, liquid or gaseous media, communicating with each other.

After another, in 8th illustrated, variant of the invention, the finished component 1 at least one between the walls 2 situated intermediate wall 20 on. Corresponding to 7 can also, not shown here, spacing elements between the intermediate wall 20 and one of the walls 2 be provided.

Through the intermediate wall 20 and / or by strip-like spacing elements 16 between a wall 2 and an intermediate wall 20 , or between two adjacent intermediate walls 20 , can between the walls 2 several chambers 18 and / or sub-chambers 19 be generated, whereby, inter alia, the insulating properties of the finished component 1 can be improved.

The walls 2 , or the walls 2 and the intermediate walls 20 can edge, z. B. at least along a longitudinal or transverse edge, gas- or fluid-tight welded together, glued and / or be molded together. With that it is possible that the chambers 18 or partial chambers 19 , at least in part, with a filling medium 21 can be filled in what 8th is indicated. The filling medium 21 can be used for various purposes in the chambers 18 or partial chambers 19 be introduced. For example, a filling medium 21 be used, by which the heat transfer coefficient of the finished component 1 adapted or changed. If the insulation effect is to be increased, a filling medium 21 be used, which causes a reduction in the heat transfer coefficient. Conversely, by increasing the heat transfer coefficient, the insulating effect can be reduced.

So that the filling medium 21 in the chambers 18 or partial chambers 19 introduced, or it can be removed, it is also possible within the scope of the invention that the finished component 1 at least one corresponding connection opening 22 includes. In 8th are exemplary two different variants of connection openings 22 shown. By means of the connection openings 22 can the filling medium 21 as needed in a simple manner in the chambers 18 or sub-chambers 19 be pumped or removed from it. The filling medium 21 can be introduced, for example, to the transparency or opacity of the finished component 1 to change. Furthermore, with appropriate choice of the filling medium 21 the insulating effect of the finished component 1 to be changed. Apart from that, the filling medium 21 as a weighting for the finished component 1 be used. Further applications of the filling medium 21 will be explained below.

According to a variant of the invention, the chamber 18 or at least one of the sub-chambers 19 be subdivided into communicating subchambers. These can be between the walls 2 , between a wall 2 and an intermediate wall 20 and / or between two intermediate walls 20 partitions 23 be arranged, which in 9 are shown by way of example. In 9 which is a plan view of a prefabricated component 1 shows are the separations 23 offset from each other arranged so that communicating subchambers 24 be formed. Through the communicating subchambers 24 can the filling medium 21 be circulated. A circulation of the filling medium 21 is in 9 , and also in 11 , indicated by arrows, and takes place in the present example as follows: Starting from the connection opening 22 over which the filling medium 21 can be supplied, passes through the filling medium 21 one after the other through the subchambers 24 , and can via another connection opening 25 emerge again and again the connection opening 22 be supplied. The filling medium 21 can also be circulated without passing through the subchambers 24 be pumped. The subdivision into subchambers 24 , for circulation or for passing the filling medium 21 , may also be seen only in sections, or it may be provided a plurality of separate chamber systems. For example, it is possible that in the opaque section 6 a first chamber system is formed which controls the circulation of filling medium 21 z. B. allows for the production of solar energy. In the transparent section 5 can then be formed another chamber system, which with a filling material for changing or adjusting the transparency can be filled.

The connection opening 22 and the further connection opening 25 can, as in the prefabricated building element system of 10 is shown, for example, each with a line 26 , or even a line system of several lines 26 for adding or removing the filling medium 21 be connected. The prefabricated building element system of 10 shows an example of two juxtaposed prefabricated components 1 , The prefabricated building element system may essentially comprise any number of prefabricated building elements 1 comprise, which in an analogous manner with lines 26 or a conduit system for feeding or discharging, or for circulating the filling medium 21 can be connected.

The prefabricated components 1 can also be arranged one above the other. In particular, chambers can 18 or sub-chambers 19 be joined together in a superposition. This is exemplary in 11 shown. The connection opening 22 of a finished component 1 is with the further connection opening 25 of the other prefabricated component 1 together. This can be done by a comparatively simple management system, the filling medium 21 in the prefabricated components 1 introduced, dissipated, or by the prefabricated components 1 be circulated.

Provided a chamber system for the circulation of filling medium 21 , such as In 9 to 11 , is provided, the prefabricated component 1 be used for heating, cooling or heat recovery by hot or cool filling medium 21 through the prefabricated components 1 is circulated.

To circulate or to supply or remove the filling medium 21 the prefabricated building element system may further comprise a pumping device 27 include. Furthermore, the prefabricated building element system may comprise a heating or cooling device (not shown in detail) for heating or cooling the filling medium. A heating or cooling system is advantageous among other things when using the prefabricated component for interior walls, ceilings or floors. In this way can be dispensed with conventional building heating systems or heating systems or air conditioning.

For the recovery of thermal energy from the filling medium 1 , or for cooling the same, may further be provided an energy conversion unit, in which it is z. B. may be a heat pump and / or a heat exchanger. Thermal energy can z. B. be obtained by the filling medium 21 through the prefabricated component 1 is circulated while the filling medium 1 by solar radiation, ie solar energy, is heated.

To obtain solar energy, ie for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, the prefabricated building element 1 furthermore, one or more solar modules 28 include. In 12 are exemplary three solar modules 28 shown, which is outside the transparent section 5 are arranged. Deviating from 12 can also use more or less solar modules 28 , in particular in any arrangement, be provided. The solar modules 28 are present between the walls 2 arranged, causing the solar modules 28 Can be protected by the walls against external influences. The solar modules 28 However, also on an outside of the finished component 1 be arranged.

According to a variant of the invention according to 13 includes the prefabricated component 1 a shading unit, with which the permeability of the finished component 1 for visible light, preferably continuously, can be changed. In the present embodiment, the shading unit comprises a plurality of shading blades 29 , The shading blades 29 can with a drive unit, not shown, about a respective axis of rotation 30 be rotated so that the shading effect in the transparent section 5 can be changed continuously. The shading blades 29 , and possibly also the drive unit, are in the present example in the space between the walls 2 However, they can also outside the prefabricated component 1 to be appropriate. It has an arrangement between the walls 2 turn the advantage that the shading blades 29 and possibly the drive unit can be protected against external influences.

The shading unit can, alternatively or additionally, have a shading chamber designed for introducing a shading medium. As a shading chamber can / z. B. the chamber 18 , or one or more subchambers 19 be used. The shading chamber lies in the transparent section 5 , A change in the shading effect of the finished component 1 can be achieved by filling the shading chamber with the shading medium, or by removing the shading medium from the shading chamber. The shading medium may be a solid, liquid or gaseous substance. For continuously changing the degree of shading, the shading medium may be circulated, for example, through the shading chamber, whereby the degree of absorption of the shading medium is continuously increased or decreased. The latter can be achieved, for example, that the concentration of a shading dye in Ab shading medium is increased or decreased. Alternatively or additionally, the degree of absorption, or the Abschattungswirkung, with a suitable choice of the shading medium also be changed by the fact that this z. B. with pressure, electrical voltage, etc. is applied.

According to a further variant of the invention, the prefabricated component 1 also one or more attached thereto or integrated thus formed, lighting elements 31 include. The lighting elements 31 especially in the space between the walls 2 be arranged. By way of example and without limitation of generality, in particular with regard to arrangement, size and shape, are in 12 four lighting elements 31 shown.

The finished component 1 is in the 1 to 13 formed substantially planar. Depending on the application and use of the finished component 1 this may, at least in sections, be curved, curved, convex, concave, and / or may have a buckling. As a result, different shape and stability requirements can be taken into account. Curved or curved prefabricated components are particularly suitable for roofs or roofs.

According to a further variant of the invention according to 14 can the finished component 1 be formed such that at least one of the walls 2 and / or at least one intermediate wall 20 in the wall surface 32 Passage openings 33 for the filling medium 21 or one the finished component 1 has surrounding gaseous or liquid ambient medium / s. In the present embodiment, the passage openings 33 formed like a nozzle. However, the passage openings may have any other shape, and z. B. also be provided with nozzles. Furthermore, closure means, not shown in greater detail, which have a, preferably automated, adjustment of the permeability of the passage openings 33 for the filling medium 1 and / or the surrounding medium. By means of the passage openings 33 is it possible to finish the prefabricated element 1 as a sprinkler element of a sprinkler system, for. As for fire fighting with liquid or gaseous media, or for irrigation and the like. To use. Furthermore, the in the walls are suitable 2 provided passage openings 33 to aspirate liquid or gaseous ambient medium. In that regard, the finished component 1 be used for ventilation. Similarly, the prefabricated component 1 also be used for ventilation, if z. B. fresh air and the like. The chambers 18 or partial chambers 19 is supplied, and via the passage openings 33 exit.

Regarding the production of the walls 2 and / or intermediate walls 20 or of the finished component should be mentioned that they can be made with any suitable manufacturing process suitable for this purpose. In particular, it is possible that the walls 2 and / or intermediate walls 20 , or the finished component 1 so be injection molded, pressed, deep-drawn, blown or extruded. The walls 2 or intermediate walls can be welded together at the edges, glued or otherwise connected to each other. Furthermore, multicomponent injection molding processes, also in 3D, can be used for the production. In this way, for. B. the sealing elements 14a . 14b and / or the fastening elements 8th integrated with the prefabricated component 1 getting produced. Polycarbonate is particularly suitable for the thermoplastic material.

The finished component 1 or the prefabricated building element system is suitable as a component, in particular for buildings and transport facilities. 15 shows an example of a building 34 with several prefabricated components 1 according to the invention. How out 15 it can be seen, the finished component 1 as facade element, as cladding of the external facade of the building 34 , and / or used as a roof element. In 1 For the sake of simplicity, these are just a few prefabricated components 1 shown. Some of the prefabricated components 1 have exemplary transparent sections 5 on which z. B. can be used as window elements. The prefabricated components 1 however, they may also be transparent as a whole. Furthermore, the prefabricated components 1 be designed according to the variants of the invention described so far. Furthermore, it is also possible that the prefabricated components 1 Part of a prefabricated building element system according to the invention are.

In place of the building exemplified as a building and halls, support structures, especially space frameworks, noise barriers, enclosures, etc. into consideration. 16 shows a side view of a space frame 35 , In the space frame 35 it is a corrugated roof construction. The roof construction is supported by supporting pillars 36 worn and is composed of rod elements 37 , or struts or support elements, which have node elements 38 connected to each other. It is a two-layer room framework 35 that is, the node elements 38 are arranged in two substantially parallel superposed, here corrugated surfaces. The arrangement of the node elements 38 is such that in a longitudinal direction of the space frame 35 , ie across the plane of the 16 , in each area the node elements 38 are arranged in lines which in the present case game are corrugated, and that these lines are offset between superimposed surfaces to each other. Transverse to the longitudinal direction of the space frame 35 are the node elements 38 arranged in lines which are offset in superimposed surfaces to each other. The rod elements 37 Within a surface, a substantially square or rectangular pattern results. The rod elements 37 run obliquely between the surfaces. The in the presentation of the 16 bottom side of the space frame 35 is usually called bottom strap 39 , and the lower chord 39 opposite side as top chord 40 designated. At bottom strap 39 and / or upper girth 40 are several prefabricated components 1 or prefabricated component systems mounted, which is a roofing of the space frame 35 form. The prefabricated components 1 can be designed for the roofing, or in the general case, rectangular or cuboid. Apart from that, the prefabricated components 1 have any geometric shape, and z. B. also triangular, round, oval, diamond-shaped, etc. be formed. According to the wavy shape of the lower belt 39 or Obergurts 40 can the prefabricated components 1 have a curved shape.

As in the view of the 15 and 16 can be recognized, the finished component 1 or the prefabricated building element system can be universally verwen det. In this context, it is again pointed out that the finished component 1 or the prefabricated building element system may be part of the building envelope, in particular the facade, an outer or inner wall, a roof, a window or door element, part of a floor, in particular floor, a ceiling and / or a canopy. Furthermore, it is possible that the prefabricated component or the prefabricated component system is part of an enclosure of the building envelope. The finished component can z. B. are used as a cladding of a building facade, with appropriate design in particular for heat insulation of the outer wall of the building 34 ,

For completeness, it is mentioned that in addition to the in 15 and 16 exemplary buildings shown the prefabricated building element 1 or the prefabricated building element system may be part of a transport device for persons, loads or goods, not shown. The transport device can be a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, a rail vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, an elevator and / or a conveyor belt u. Ä. Include. In particular, in such conveyors, the finished component 1 or the prefabricated building element system part of the outer shell, in particular an outer wall, part of a body, an inner or outer lining, be part of an inner wall, an inner wall, a ceiling, a floor and / or a canopy.

In particular, from the above description of embodiments and embodiments, it is clear that the finished component 1 comparatively easy to prepare, easy to handle, universally applicable and / or multifunctional. The same applies to the prefabricated building element system.

1

finished component

2

wall

2a

first wall

2 B

second wall

3

carrier

4

gap

5

transparent section

6

opaque section

7a

first coating

7b

second coating

8th

fastener

9

Through Hole

10

crossbeam

11

projecting nose

12

mounting brackets

13

Key groove and tongue joint

14a

first sealing element

14b

second sealing element

15

outer surface

16

spacer

17

penetration

18

chamber

19

member chamber

20

intermediate wall

21

filling medium

22

port opening

23

separation

24

sub-chamber

25

Further port opening

26

management

27

pumping device

28

solar module

29

Abschattungslamelle

30

axis of rotation

31

lighting element

32

wall surface

33

Port

34

building

35

Spaceframe

36

supporting pillars

37

rod element

38

node element

39

lower chord

40

upper chord

d

thickness

Claims (64)

Prefabricated component ( 1 ) for buildings ( 34 . 35 ) and / or conveyance means comprising two spaced-apart, plastic-made walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) in at least partial overlap, and further at least one attached thereto, formed on, so integrally formed and / or thus integrally formed fastener ( 8th ) for fastening the prefabricated component ( 1 ) on a support element ( 3 . 10 ). Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are at least partially transparent to visible light at least in sections. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B completely cover. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein between the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) for their spacing and / or stabilization at least one, preferably strip-like, spacing element ( 16 ) is arranged. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 4, wherein the at least one spacer element ( 16 ) in one piece with the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) and / or is made of the same plastic. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the spacer element ( 16 ) parallel or transverse to a side edge of the finished component ( 1 ) runs. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fixing element or elements ( 16 ) at the edge of the finished component ( 1 ) projecting or recessed edge. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fastening element ( 16 ) a mounting bracket, a mounting bracket, a through both walls through hole ( 9 ) and / or an adhesive element. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fastening element ( 16 ) a tongue and groove connecting element, a keyway-spring connecting element ( 13 ), Connecting pins, connecting tabs, recesses and / or notches comprises. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are substantially transparent over their entire extent, at least for visible light. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one wall ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) outside a portion which is at least partially transparent to the visible light ( 5 ), contains light-absorbing first particles and / or a light-absorbing first coating ( 7a ), and / or in the section contains second particles and / or a second coating ( 7b ) which absorbs a predetermined wavelength range of the light and / or ultraviolet radiation. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one wall ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) is coated on the outside and / or inside with a coating material which is scratch-resistant with respect to the plastic of the wall. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one of the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) has on the outside and / or inside a nanostructured surface finish. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least one of the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) has on its outside and / or inside a UV protection coating. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least one of the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) has on the outside and / or inside a smooth, cambered, ribbed and / or knobbed surface texture. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein at least one of the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) has on the outside and / or inside of a sound-absorbing, in particular honeycomb or honeycomb-like, surface finish. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising one or more sealing elements ( 14a . 14b ), which front side of the finished component ( 1 ) and / or edge on an outer surface of at least one wall ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are arranged. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 17, wherein the sealing element ( 14a . 14b ) along one or more longitudinal or transverse edges, preferably circumferentially arranged. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the plastic from which the walls are made, is or comprises a thermoplastic material, in particular a polycarbonate. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising one or more solar modules ( 28 ) for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising a shading unit, with which the permeability of the finished component ( 1 ) for the visible light, preferably continuously, is changeable. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 21, wherein the shading unit comprises a plurality of shading blades (preferably motor-rotatable about a respective axis of rotation) (US Pat. 29 ). Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 22, wherein the shading blades ( 29 ) in a space between the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are arranged. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the shading unit has a shading chamber formed for introducing a shading medium. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 24, wherein the shading medium is a solid, liquid or gaseous substance. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the shading medium in its shading effect by application of an electrical voltage, with pressure or by adding a Abschattungsfarbstoffs, preferably continuously, is changeable. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 26, further comprising one or more lighting elements attached thereto or integrated therewith ( 31 ). Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 27, wherein the lighting element or elements ( 31 ) between the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) is / are arranged. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are at least partially substantially parallel. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are divergent such that the prefabricated component ( 1 ) is wedge-shaped in at least one direction. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) are formed and interconnected such that the prefabricated component ( 1 ), to adapt to a predetermined curvature, can be bent. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 31, which is at least partially planar. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 32, which is bent, curved, convex, concave or kinked in at least one section. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 33, further comprising at least one between the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) arranged intermediate wall ( 20 ). Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ), or the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) and the at least one intermediate wall ( 20 ) at at least one longitudinal or transverse edge, preferably gas- or fluid-tight, peripherally connected, glued, welded and / or molded together. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 34 or 35, wherein the spacing element or elements ( 16 ) between one of the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) and the at least one intermediate wall ( 20 ) and / or between two mutually adjacent intermediate walls ( 20 ) is arranged. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the spacing element ( 16 ) in one dimension substantially over the entire prefabricated building element ( 1 ) extends such that by the spacer element ( 16 ) in the prefabricated component ( 1 ) individual sub-chambers ( 19 ) be formed. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the spacer element ( 16 ) transverse to its longitudinal extent one or more passages ( 17 ) such that adjacent sub-chambers ( 19 ) communicate with each other. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 38, wherein one between the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) trained chamber ( 18 ) or the sub-chambers ( 19 ) at least partially at the edge of the finished component ( 1 ) are sealed so that they are substantially impermeable to a solid, liquid or gaseous filling medium ( 21 ) are. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 39, wherein the chamber ( 18 ) or the sub-chambers ( 19 ) at least partially with the filling medium ( 21 ) are filled. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 39 or 40, wherein the filling medium ( 21 ) is formed such that by filling the chamber ( 18 ) o of the at least one sub-chamber ( 19 ) the heat transfer coefficient of the finished component ( 1 ) is reduced or increased. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 39 to 41, further comprising at least one connection opening ( 22 ) for filling with filling medium ( 21 ), or to empty the chamber ( 18 ), one of the sub-chambers ( 19 ) or the communicating sub-chambers ( 19 ). Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein the chamber ( 18 ) or at least one of the sub-chambers ( 19 ) by means of separations ( 23 ) into communicating subchambers ( 24 ) is divided. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 39 to 43, comprising at least one further connection opening ( 25 ) such that the filling medium ( 21 ) via the connection opening ( 22 ) and the further connection opening ( 25 ) through the chamber ( 18 ) or at least one of the sub-chambers ( 19 ), in particular circulation-like, can be performed. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 44, wherein at least one of the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) and / or at least one intermediate wall ( 20 ) in the wall surface ( 32 ) Passage openings ( 33 ) for the filling medium ( 21 ) or one of the finished component ( 1 ) have surrounding gaseous or liquid ambient medium / t. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 45, wherein the passage openings ( 33 ) are formed at least partially nozzle-like or provided with nozzles. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to claim 45 or 46, further comprising closure means which provide a, preferably automated, adjustment of the permeability of the passage openings ( 33 ) for the filling medium ( 21 ) and / or the surrounding medium. Prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the walls ( 2 . 2a . 2 B ) and / or the intermediate walls ( 20 ), or the prefabricated component ( 1 ) as such are injection molded, pressed, deep drawn, blown, or extruded. Prefabricated element system comprising at least one prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 39 to 48, and one with at least one connection opening ( 22 ) connected line ( 26 ) for supplying or removing filling medium ( 21 ). The prefabricated building element system according to claim 49, further comprising one with at least one further connection opening ( 25 ) connected further line ( 26 ) for removing or feeding the filling medium ( 21 ). The prefabricated building element system according to claim 49 or 50, further comprising a heating and / or cooling device for heating or cooling the filling medium ( 21 ). Prefabricated element system according to one of claims 49 to 51, which for recovering heat energy from the filling medium ( 21 ) further comprises an energy conversion unit. The prefabricated building element system of claim 52, wherein the Energy conversion unit a heat pump and / or a heat exchanger includes. A prefabricated building element system according to any of claims 49 to 53, further comprising one with the conduit ( 26 ), or with the line ( 26 ) and the further line ( 26 ) connected pumping device ( 27 ) for supplying or discharging the filling medium, and / or a circulation means for circulating the filling medium. Prefabricated element system according to one of Claims 49 to 54, comprising a plurality of prefabricated components arranged side by side and / or one above the other ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 39 to 48. A prefabricated building element system according to claim 55, wherein at least two of the prefabricated building elements ( 1 ) the connection opening ( 22 ) of a prefabricated component with the further connection opening ( 25 ) of the other prefabricated component ( 1 ) connected is. Building ( 34 . 35 ), comprising at least one prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 48 or at least one prefabricated building element system according to one of claims 49 to 56. Building ( 34 . 35 ) according to claim 57, wherein the building is selected from the following group: buildings ( 34 ), in particular house, skyscraper, hall, support structure, in particular space framework ( 35 ), Noise barrier, enclosure. Building ( 35 ) according to claim 58, wherein the space framework ( 35 ), preferably tubular, struts ( 37 ) and / or supports ( 36 ) and connecting elements ( 38 ) for the aspiration ( 37 ) and / or supports ( 36 ) having. Building ( 34 . 35 ) according to one of claims 57 to 59, wherein the prefabricated component ( 1 ) or the prefabricated building element system component of the building envelope, in particular the facade, an outer or inner wall, a roof, a window or Türele ment, part of a floor, in particular floor, a ceiling and / or a canopy is. Building ( 34 . 35 ) according to one of claims 57 to 60, wherein the prefabricated component ( 1 ) or the prefabricated building element system is part of an enclosure of the building envelope. Transport device for persons, loads or goods, comprising at least one prefabricated component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 48 and / or at least one prefabricated building element system according to one of claims 49 to 56. conveyor according to claim 62, wherein the conveying device a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, a rail vehicle, a Airplane, a ship, an elevator and / or a conveyor belt includes. Transport device according to claim 62 or 63, wherein the prefabricated component ( 1 ) or the prefabricated building element system part of the outer shell, in particular an outer wall, part of a body, an inner or outer lining, part of an inner wall, an inner wall, a ceiling, a floor and / or a roof of the conveyor is.