DE20007290U1 - Building made of prefabricated components - Google Patents

Description

Christoph Bornebusch Hauptstrasse 56

D-86744 Hainsfarth Buildings made of factory-prefabricated building elements

The invention relates to a building, in particular for residential or office purposes, which is constructed from factory-prefabricated building elements in the form of sandwich panels and profile beams enclosing the sandwich panels.

To date, the construction of buildings from factory-prefabricated building elements has generally been carried out using building elements that only extend over one storey, and this is particularly true for buildings with gable roofs in the area of the gable walls. In addition to increased production costs, this also results in disadvantages in terms of the building's statics and insulation due to additional thermal bridges in the area of the transition or seams between the individual storeys.

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The invention is based on the object of creating an improved building constructed from factory-prefabricated building elements and also a new method for constructing such buildings.

The design features of claim 1 serve to solve this problem.

The core idea of the invention is therefore that prefabricated building elements in the form of sandwich panels and profile beams enclosing the sandwich panels are used in the area of all external walls, which extend over the entire height of the building.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing: Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the building constructed according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a floor plan;

Figure 3 shows a partial vertical section of an exterior wall with adjoining floor and ceiling sections of a two-and-a-half-storey building;

Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of the way in which the external walls are attached to a ceiling element,

Figure 5 shows a detail of a horizontal section in the area of a 90° corner connection between two external walls;

Figure 6 shows a detail of a horizontal section in the area of a 45° corner connection between two external walls;

Figure 7 shows a partial vertical section of the transition area from an eaves wall to the roof;

Figure 8 shows a partial vertical section between the floor slab and the ceiling element in the area of an interior wall;

Figures 9 and 10 show horizontal sections in the area of the connection points from outer wall to inner wall;

Figures 11 and 12 show horizontal sections in the area of the connection points from inner wall to inner wall.

The system according to the invention is particularly suitable for 1.5 to 2.5 storey gable roof buildings with a floor plan of up to 13m x 13m.

Figures 1 and 2 show, by way of example, a possible vertical cross-section and a floor plan of the building constructed according to the invention.

The core idea of the invention is to construct both the eaves walls and the gable walls from elongated sandwich panels that extend in principle over the entire height of the building and that are inserted in the area of their vertically running long sides into double-T profile beams that extend over the entire height of the building or, in the area of the building corners, are partly inserted into U-profile beams.

According to Figure 9, an outer wall has essentially the following structure with the two

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example thicknesses:

3 - Silicone resin plaster (applied after the building has been constructed) 0.50cm 4 - Plaster base plate 3.20cm 5 - Air layer 4.00cm 6 - Chipboard 0.40cm 7 - Rigid foam layer, e.g. EPS rigid foam (expanded polystyrene) 15.20cm 8 - Chipboard 0.40cm 29 - Air layer 4.00cm 10 - Plasterboard 1.25cm

28.95cm

According to Figures 11 and 12, an inner wall has essentially the following structure with the thickness dimensions given as examples:

11 - Plasterboard 1.25 cm

12-air layer 4.00 cm

13 - Chipboard 0.40 cm

14 - EPS rigid foam layer 5.90 cm

15 - Chipboard 0.40 cm 16-Air layer ' 4.00 cm 17 - Plasterboard L25 cm

17.20cm

The above-mentioned materials can be replaced by comparable materials without departing from the scope of the invention. The thicknesses indicated can also be changed depending on the respective insulation and temperature requirements.

The actual sandwich panels 1 and 2 are each composed of chipboard 6 and 13, respectively, EPS rigid foam layer 7 and 14, respectively, and chipboard 8 and 15, respectively _{. :}

The double-T profile beams 19 and sandwich panels 2 intended for interior walls each have lengths adapted to the individual storey height.

Basically, in the finished building, each sandwich panel 1 and 2 is terminated along its four edges in U-profile beams, in particular made of wood, whereby between adjacent sandwich panels 1 and 2 there is a double-T beam profile which, from a geometric point of view, has two U-profile sections which are adjacent to each other with the base webs.

The sandwich panels 1 and 2 are already provided with appropriate cutouts at the factory to accommodate the intended door and window openings, with appropriate lintels being installed where necessary.

The double-T-profile beams 18 and 19 provided in the area of the outer walls 1 and the inner walls 2 are wooden beams, whereby the thickness of the double-T-beam flanges corresponds to the thickness of the air layers 5, 9 and 12, 16 respectively.

According to Figure 3, the double-T-beams and sandwich panels forming the gable walls 7 extend over the entire building, i.e. from the floor slab a to the roof slab.

According to Figure 3, the outer wall panels 1 are provided with air openings at their lower and upper ends, which open into the air layer 5, so that, as indicated by the arrows fl and f2, air circulation due to thermal buoyancy is ensured to improve the interior climate.

The following requirements must be met for attaching and securing the gable walls and eaves walls.

According to Figure 4, fastening anchors 40 are fastened to the top of a ceiling element 25, which preferably have a Z-profile. One leg 40.1 is inserted into the top of the ceiling element 25, while the web section 40.3 is fastened to the ceiling element 25 essentially flat or parallel to the ceiling element plane. The second leg 40 3 of the Z-profile is directed upwards and has an opening (not shown) for an anchoring screw 41, which is fastened in a suitable manner in a double-T profile support 18. The same fastening elements 40/41 are arranged distributed over the entire circumference of a floor ceiling, which is preferably composed of several ceiling elements 25, and thus along the insides of the outer walls.

The outer walls are fastened to the ceiling elements 25 by screwing and tightening tightening nuts 32 onto the ends of the anchoring screws 41 inserted through the Z-profile legs 40.3.

Figure 5 shows a support profile in the area of a corner connection between two external wall sandwich panels 1.

The sandwich panel forming part of the eaves wall b ends in the area of a T-profile beam 20, which is connected with the underside of its web 20.1 to a U-profile beam 21 by gluing on the one hand and by means of a spring rail 22 on the other hand, which is inserted into corresponding recesses in the T-profile beam 20 and in the U-profile beam 21. A rectangular beam 23 for fastening the inner plasterboard 10 is attached to the outside of the inner leg of the U-profile beam 21.

The outwardly directed flange 20.2 of the T-profile 20 has a width to form an air layer 5' which essentially corresponds to the air layer 5 of the outer wall sandwich panel 1.

For a 4 5 " connection of two external wall sandwich panels 1, the invention essentially assumes two double-T profile beams 23, 24, which are

The flanges facing each other are mitred in the area of their flanges, so that the support timbers that meet at an angle touch each other butt-to-butt in the diagonally cut and glued surfaces. The length of the flanges 23.1 and 24.1 facing each other is to be adjusted to the angle size of the respective connection point.

In the area of the ends of the beams 23, 24 facing the building interior, the flanges are completely eliminated in the areas of the beams 23, 24 facing each other. The space between the beams 23 and 24 is preferably filled with EPS rigid foam.

Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of the connection or connection point between an eaves wall b and the roof d. The individual external wall sandwich panels 1 including the double-T profile beams 18 of the eaves walls b which border them are raised directly up to the roof support beams 50 and support a support beam 51 which extends over the entire length of the roof and is inserted into the roof support beams 50.

Figure 8 shows the connection of a glued wood ceiling element 25 to the eaves wall b by means of preferably U-profile rails 26 made of metal, which are fastened to the double-T beams 18 at ceiling height, preferably over the entire inner width of the outer walls b and c.

Figure 8 shows the floor and ceiling connections of an interior wall sandwich element and thus of an interior wall using U-profiles 27, 28 made of wood. Figures 9-12 show connection points of interior wall sandwich panels 2 and thus of interior walls on the one hand to exterior wall sandwich panels 1 and on the other hand to interior wall sandwich panels 2 using U-profiles, which each form the end profiles of the respective interior wall sandwich elements.

On the inner wall surfaces of each external wall sandwich panel 1, spacer and stiffening strips 29 are attached between the chipboard 8 and the plasterboard 10, which run parallel to the double-T beams. Comparable spacer and

Stiffening strips 30 can also be provided between the chipboards 13 or 15 and the plasterboards 11 or 17.

Depending on the spatial allocation of the interior wall panels 2 to the exterior wall sandwich panels 1 or to adjacent interior wall sandwich panels 2, the U-profiles rest either against the chipboards 8 or 15 or against the double-T profile beams 18 or 19 and, if necessary, additional stiffening and spacer strips 31 or 32.

The external walls composed of several external wall sandwich panels 1 can be at least largely completed in the factory or only assembled on site, with limitations regarding the size, i.e. height and width of each external wall assembled in the factory, mainly due to transport conditions from the factory to the site.

The construction of the building according to the invention is essentially based on an existing floor slab or basement ceiling a. The building is then constructed essentially from the inside, by erecting the first eaves wall b and the interior walls of the ground floor on the floor slab a and placing ceiling elements 25 extending over the entire interior surface of the building on these interior walls and inserting them into the U-profile rail 26. Interior walls of the first floor are in turn erected on these lower ceiling elements 25, and further ceiling elements 25 are placed on these interior walls and inserted into the next U-profile rail. The second prefabricated eaves wall b is then attached, with the individual ceiling elements 25 being inserted into U-profiles 26 attached to the eaves walls as shown in Figure 7.

For this purpose, the U-profile beam 21 is attached to the T-beam forming the end of the eaves wall b in the manner described in Figure 5. A first external wall sandwich panel 1 is then inserted into the U-profile beam 21 from the side, to whose then free longitudinal edge a double-T-profile beam 18 is already attached, into whose free profile side a further sandwich panel can be inserted and so on. To insert the external wall

A U-profile support 21 is attached to the second eaves wall b of the sandwich panel 1 so that a final sandwich panel can be inserted from above.

While the individual vertical beams 18 of the gable wall c are continuous beams, depending on the height of the building, the individual sandwich panels can be divided in their length so that they then lie against each other with their horizontally running end faces and can be connected to each other if necessary.

In a modified embodiment, it is also possible to assemble a gable wall c, with the exception of the outer sandwich panels, separately from the building skeleton and then to attach it as a unit to the floor slabs or ceiling elements. The two outer external wall sandwich panels 1 of the gable wall c are then inserted from above into the open profile spaces on the one hand of the final double-T profile beams 18 and the two outer U-profile beams 20.

The anchoring screws 41 can be attached to the double-T profile beams either at the factory or on site. The fastening anchors 40 are preferably only attached to the ceiling elements 25 when the building is erected by sliding the legs 40.2 onto the anchoring screws 41 and inserting their legs 40.1 into prefabricated grooves on the top of the ceiling elements. The web section 40.3 of the individual fastening anchor can then be screwed on site to the top of the ceiling element 25 before the nut 42 is screwed on and tightened beforehand if necessary.

The individual floor ceiling is preferably divided into several ceiling elements 25, the length of which corresponds to the distance between opposite external building walls, preferably the distance between the two gable walls c.

Claims (11)

1. Building, in particular for residential or office purposes, which is constructed from factory-prefabricated building elements in the form of sandwich panels and profile beams enclosing the sandwich panels, is characterized in that the profile beams of the building's external walls extend continuously over the entire height of the building, and that the floor slabs extend in the form of elongated ceiling elements ( 25 ) between two opposite external walls and are supported on the profile beams and braced with them. 2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile supports between two adjacent sandwich panels 1 lying in one plane are designed as double-T profile supports ( 18 ), and that in the case of two opposing outer walls, the sandwich panels located in the area of the building corners are limited in the vertical direction by U-profile supports. 3. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower and upper edges of the sandwich panels extending over the building height are limited by U-profile supports. 4. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that for supporting the ceiling elements ( 25 ) on the profile supports ( 18 ) U-profile rails ( 26 ) made of metal are attached, into which the ceiling elements ( 25 ) are inserted. 5. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that for bracing the ceiling elements ( 25 ) with the profile beams ( 18 ), bracing devices are provided with which the individual profile beam ( 18 ) is pulled against the ceiling element. 6. Building according to claim 5, characterized in that the bracing device comprises an anchoring screw ( 41 ) anchored in the profile support ( 18 ) and a fastening anchor ( 40 ) fastened to the ceiling element ( 25 ) in the form of a Z-profile, the first leg ( 40.1 ) of which is inserted into the ceiling element, the web ( 40.3 ) of which is flatly fastened to the ceiling element, and the second leg ( 40.2 ) of which has an opening for the anchoring screw ( 41 ) to be inserted through, onto which a fastening nut ( 42 ) is screwed. 7. Building according to claim 1, which has a gable roof, characterized in that in the region of the eaves walls (b) the profiled beams and the sandwich panels are pulled through to the lower edge of the obliquely running roof beams ( 50 ) and are mitred according to the roof pitch and rest against a support plate ( 51 ) attached to the roof beam ( 50 ) and running in the longitudinal direction of the roof. 8. Building according to claim 7, characterized in that the sandwich panel forming part of the eaves wall (b) ends in the region of a profile beam ( 20 ) which is connected with the underside of its web ( 20.1 ) to a U-profile beam ( 21 ) by gluing on the one hand and by means of a spring rail ( 22 ) on the other hand which is inserted into corresponding recesses in the T-profile beam ( 20 ) and in the U-profile beam ( 21 ), and that a rectangular beam ( 23 ) for fastening an internal plasterboard panel ( 10 ) is attached to the outside of the inner leg of the U-beam profile ( 21 ). 9. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile beams and the sandwich panels are provided with factory-fitted door and window openings and corresponding lintels. 10. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls essentially have the following preferred structure: 1. 3 - Silicone resin plaster (applied after construction of the building) 0.50 cm 2. 4 - Plaster base plate (applied after construction of the building) 3.20 cm 3. 5 - Air layer 4.00 cm 4. 6 - Chipboard 0.40 cm 5. 7 - Rigid foam layer, e.g. EPS rigid foam (expanded polystyrene) 15.20 cm 6. 8 - Chipboard 0.40 cm 7. 9 - Air layer 4.00 cm 8. 10 - inner plasterboard 1.25 m 28.95 cm 11. Building according to claim 10, characterized by ventilation openings which open into the air layer ( 5 ) in the region of the lower and upper wall sections of each outer wall between adjacent profile supports ( 18 , 20 , 21 ) through the silicone resin plaster layer ( 3 ) and the outer plaster base plate ( 4 ).