DE1911444A1 - Prefabricated building element for concrete ceilings and concrete walls - Google Patents

Description

Prefabricated building element for concrete ceilings and concrete walls The invention relates to a prefabricated building element for the production of concrete ceilings and concrete walls.

In the course of the endeavor in the construction of structures as far as possible to use prefabricated components, one has to deal with the question of training such construction elements are employed in particular for the manufacture of concrete ceilings and has an element in the form of a relatively thin compared to the total ceiling thickness, A flat slab of heavy concrete developed on the underside, in which a main reinforcement is set in concrete0 Mostly, lattice girders are used for this, the underside of which connected to the plate. It is a statically fully reinforced ceiling element, on which so-called local clay is applied after laying at the construction site and as a result, the total slab thickness required for the final state (normally between 14 and 20cm) is achieved 0 The laying of this component is therefore relatively easy, because only assembly supports have to be set up, in order to be able to apply a layer of 10 to 15 cm of remaining concrete, which is with connects to the building element and after hardening enables the full load-bearing capacity of the ceiling.

However, the structure of this element results in a relatively high one Weight, as the board thickness is normally not less than 40 mm and the weight is therefore is around 100 kg / m20 The weight of the element is around 1 to at 10 m2.

The laying of these panels requires once you get away from transport to the construction site, very powerful building wreath. This is not a problem on large construction sites, in which a large number of residential units can be reached. But on the other hand restricts the high weight of the panels makes them useful. When building a house with just a few rooms for just one family or just a few families would be the addition a heavy construction crane is not economically justifiable for the purpose of erecting the ceiling, Especially not with the increasing tendency towards self-construction, with which the client lend a hand. So far, the only option for this is the so-called "Prefabricated ceiling", a term that is not entirely appropriate, since the structural elements of the prefabricated ceiling (e.g. lattice girder with concrete foot and filler box) only the one stage of the ceiling production form. After all, these sub-elements are so light that they can be without the help of a construction crane can be put together, which meets the tendency to build yourself.

The invention is based on the object of a component for production of concrete ceilings or concrete walls, in contrast to the ready-made ceiling is large and there in contrast to the one mentioned at the beginning known Großflächei gene ceiling element has such a low weight that for the laying of a construction crane is not required, or if one is available only light lifting equipment can be used.

The invention is based on the known component already mentioned on, a plate with a small thickness compared to the total ceiling thickness, the is level towards the interior of the room and is provided with main reinforcement. Solved the task is that the plate acts as a lost shuttering panel building board and- at least the main reinforcement above the slab on spacers attached to it is worn. The main reinforcement preferably consists of structural steel connections, e.g. simple or spatial lattice girders, but can also be made from loose structural steel bars exist.

The building board can be a thin concrete slab, but it comes in numerous Cases in the form of a lighter plate may be more expedient0 out of the possible Lighter panels should be emphasized wood-chip press panels, especially those with a plastic bond Asbestos cement panels, wood wool cement panels, plastic panels, gypsum bonded panels. This is not intended to be an exhaustive list, but only an indication of the eligible types of lightweight materials, The weight of one Ceiling element according to the invention, depending on the type of panel used, between caelO and 30 kg / m2, i.e. only between 10 and 30% of the weight of the ceiling element mentioned at the beginning. However, this enables laying without a construction crane and given the self-builder a building element that he can lay himself.

Understandably, the new building element also offers commercial installation great advantages, even on construction sites with many residential units.

The component also has the significant further advantage that Due to the easy workability, the necessary breakthroughs can also be made retrospectively for lines of all types can be incorporated without difficulty while You already have openings of this type with thicker and harder heavy concrete slabs must be molded in the production to avoid tedious drilling and chiseling work the construction site to have to carry out.

One can also use appropriate for electrical lines on the base plate Attach pipes or hoses lengthways and / or crossways, e.g. using clamping tongues provided brackets that are attached to the building board0 It is then a light, practical to drill these pipes or hoses at any point from below and into them Pulling in wires. It is also very useful according to the invention, the end faces of the panels, preferably in the longitudinal direction, continuous, ideally in the middle, to be provided with recesses. These recesses are e.g. on each end face each plate with half the cross-section of a desired one Cavity cross-section provided, so that when you lay the ceiling elements with a butt joint the desired entire cavity cross-section over the entire length of the element.

Electrical cables, for example, can be drawn into this cavity or you first insert pipes or hoses and pull wires into them. Lays If pipes are inserted into the cavities, half of these rest in the base plates Each of the adjacent ceiling elements. But it is also possible to use the entire To form the cavity cross-section in only one end face of the plate; at the Placing the ceiling elements next to one another then closes the one that is not provided with recesses The end face of the neighboring element turns the recess into a cavity. At this Arrangement of cavities e.g.

for electrical cables etc0 the craftsman knows for sure, that the pipeline is located in the area of the butt joints of ceiling elements; about that In addition, this type of design provides further advantages, which will be discussed below will.

When erecting a ceiling, the components according to the invention placed next to each other on mounting supports. Since the plates are flat on the underside, in order to make plastering superfluous, it is important that they with their edges come to line contact; this can be difficult under certain circumstances. Hence be the plates in a particular at least embodiment of the invention Longitudinal edges designed for interlocking or interlocking happens in particular either through the known leaves or by forming the edges in the manner of tongue and groove, as it is still based on the exemplary embodiments will be explained. As the panels due to their thinness and as a result Their low weight makes them easy to handle, which makes the production of the form fit on the construction site there are no problems.

Another possibility, which is a form-fit and / or force-fit Edge closure of the adjacent ceiling elements causes it is loose Insertion or integration of connecting pieces (welts or springs) in the front Recesses in the ceiling elements, as if each face has corresponding recesses each e.g. half of the connecting piece in the recesses of the neighboring elements. It is particularly advantageous if in the two-sided Frontal recesses in adjacent ceiling elements Pipelines (loose or connected to one element or to both elements), which are introduced at the same time take on the function of a connecting piece (form and force connection), as well as the inclusion of e.g. electrical cables. Will be such Pipeline already at the factory, e.g. with half its undercut in the face fitted and fastened to the base plate of the ceiling element, there is no need for leafing or a tongue and groove design, as the protruding half of the pipeline is in the end face of the neighboring element, which is also provided with a corresponding recess intervenes and so practically the effect of a tongue and groove design results.

Another option, but also at the same time as the form-fitting Edge sealing can be applied, is the attachment of overhanging the panels Bars that each lie on an adjacent plate and thus a vertical one Support of the plates against each other to form the stiffness of the base plate for to increase the transport and during the laying or in the assembly state In a further development of the invention, they have longitudinal and / or transverse strips on the top or strips be provided; The latter can, for example, be edge-to-edge when arranged lengthways run with the plate, but they can also protrude over the plate edges and then take over the task of the bars already mentioned.

To further increase the rigidity of the base plate in particular during transport, during laying bæw. in the assembled state, an additional, mostly statically not fully effective reinforcement next to the main reinforcement be provided, which is expediently arranged parallel to the main reinforcement. These additional stiffening reinforcement is particularly useful if the main reinforcement consists of loose structural steel bars, i.e. not simple or spatial lattice girders, which usually have a sufficient stiffening effect anyway.

The stiffening reinforcement is attached to the slab Spacers or fastened on the reinforcement strips or ribs Spacers or directly on the reinforcement strips, which act as spacers can be formed.

All or part of them can go over the panel edges survive in order to achieve joint stiffness.

The base plate made from the lightest possible building material is exposed to moisture during storage and assembly. Then there is the Possibility of infiltration of cement milk, etc. If the plate material allows it tends to deform or swell when exposed to moisture or otherwise to change somehow, the plate is expediently given a moisture-repellent one Protective layer. Which type of protective layer is chosen and in which form it is applied is irrelevant. It can be applied in liquid form (brushing, spraying, Dipping or the like10), but also in the form of an impregnated paper web, film web or the like.

The cover by such a sheet, especially on the inside of the room, is preferable, with a protective layer or a paper or plastic film web is chosen that allows easy re-peeling in order to increase the diffusivity to maintain the plate.

If due to special static requirements, e.g. in the form a structural steel connection (e.g. simple or spatial lattice girder) Main reinforcement is insufficient, can this by an additional Reinforcement, which preferably consists of loose structural steel bars, but also in shape of structural steel fabric or strips of structural steel fabric are reinforced. These Additional reinforcement, for which a certain concrete cover is also prescribed, can be attached to spacers additionally attached to the plate.

A transverse reinforcement can also be attached to special spacers his or the spacers of the longitudinal reinforcement are designed so that they are at the same time can serve to support the transverse reinforcement. However, it is not always required on the plate itself measures for recording b.B. of the transverse reinforcement In many cases, it is sufficient to use the existing transverse reinforcement in the form of loose structural steel bars to be placed in the longitudinal reinforcement designed as a simple or spatial lattice girder or push it into the spaces between the lattice struts. An additional reinforcement in the form of welded wire mesh or a transverse reinforcement in the form of loose iron bars can also be applied directly to the upper chords of e.g. simple or spatial lattice girders are placed, the latter taking over the function of the spacers.

The height of the spacers results from the prescribed concrete cover, depending on the building regulations or

the selected - type of in-situ concrete is between 1 and about 3 cm.

However, it is sometimes desirable to have a Apply insulation layer. The height of the spacer in the case of those who do not have a layer The plate would then no longer be sufficient for the bet coverage. In such cases the height of the spacer is increased by the thickness of the insulation layer.

The insulation layer can already be applied in the factory; but it is also possible to apply them on the spot.

For the training of the spacers and for their material there there are a number of different possibilities. The use of the stiffening strips as a spacer has already been mentioned. As individual pieces, they either have the shape of a disk with a widened foot surface that is attached to the plate, or block ~ or cross shape. In this version they serve to hold the main reinforcement like the additional reinforcement.

The spacers are in particular with recesses for shaping and / or non-positive mounting of the reinforcement described and, if applicable, the additional reinforcement provided In a preferred embodiment of the invention, they have resilient, the rebar clamping tongues. Another possibility of fixation the rebar opposite the spacers is the mechanical lock, for example by bolts or split pins. In the case of steel spacers, the result is a cheap way of holding that the spacers to the reinforcing iron be welded on.

Another possibility would be to punch parts out of the reinforcement and bend down so that only one attachment to the plate is required is.

The main advantages are summarized again, the result from the component for concrete ceilings and concrete walls according to the invention.

It is so light that it does not require a construction crane to move it is. If anything, a simple hoist will do.

It can be produced easily and cheaply, so it is reduced because of its low price the construction cost.

The material for the plate can be chosen so that it meets the requirements both in terms of heat and sound insulation and in terms of diffusivity.

Leave additional reinforcements (longitudinal reinforcements, transverse reinforcements) can also easily be put in place.

Expensive and time-consuming ceiling plaster is saved.

By processing the edges can be designed so that a safer Positive locking is achieved (lathing, tongue and groove, webs, etc.) This is the penetration of concrete slurry through the joints was also prevented. It can not Form a ridge.

The component according to the invention is equally useful for manufacture of concrete and wall elements, especially for interior walls, can be used by Two components are arranged against each other so that the plate of one element the external surface of the building, the slab of the opposite element of the building The inner surface (the interior of the room) faces by filling the gaps with Concrete or concrete-like leave creates one of all the requirements of statics and Wall corresponding to the other physical properties of the building, which is quick and efficient and therefore cheap can be produced. For the use of the component as a wall element, in principle, the same explanations apply as for the use of the element as a ceiling element. However, for the sake of convenience, it is called Do not use a base plate facing the outer wall of a building which consists, for example, of a wood chipboard The invention is based on that in the drawings illustrated embodiments explained. They show: FIG. 1 a component according to FIG of the invention in section, Fig.2 is a plan view, Fig.3 is a section accordingly Fig. 1 in a different .Execution rorm, Fig, 4 the front view of some plate joints, Fig. 4a a modification to this, Fig. 5, 6 different forms of spacers, 7 shows the use of specially shaped spacers.

In the basic form of FIG. 1, there is the component according to the invention from a plate 1, spacers 2.2t and a main reinforcement, which here consists of lattice girders 3 with lower chord iron 4 and additional reinforcing bars 5. the spacers 2, the shape of which will be discussed in more detail later, are attached to the plate 1 and carry the lattice girders 3 connected to it. The bars 5 are in this example loosely placed on the spacers 2 ', which is only useful at the construction site happens without excluding factory attachment. The same applies the transverse reinforcement bars 6. What is to be transported and laid is preferable only the plate 1 with its held by the spacers 2 Main reinforcement, if necessary with additional reinforcement. One recognizes without further ado that a very light, easy-to-use component for manufacture a concrete ceiling is created, on which after laying and inserting the iron 5 and 6 the concrete layer 7 is applied. The lower surface is smooth and even and as a result, no plastering is required.

The shape of the reinforcement is irrelevant to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a laid plate with applied iron 5 for additional Longitudinal reinforcement and 6 iron for the transverse reinforcement.

The reinforcing bars protrude over the panel edges to in the joint area to create the required static strength. For static strength In the joint area, this can also be covered with laid-on strips of structural steel mesh will.

In the embodiment according to Figure 3, the plate 1 is an insulating layer 9 applied. The spacers 2, 2 'are opposite here by the thickness of the insulation layer the spacers according to Fig.l increased.

Fig.4 shows the formation of the plate edges to bring about a Joint tightness. In the left part of this figure are the plate edges porridge ~ 10 and 11 peeled off and lay on top of each other. In the right part is the one plate is provided with a groove 12, the other with a tongue 13 which interlocks. The two courses are roughly equivalent. With the leafing something can be done work easier, as you only need to put the panels on top of each other while the Establishing the connection with tongue and groove a displacement of the plates against each other requires.

Fig. 4a shows a modification to this. On the plates 1 there is a row fastened by stiffening strips 52,53,54, of which the strips 52,53 on the plate edges are designed for a form fit. This is at 55 by leafing, at 56 made by tongue and groove.

Fig.4a shows a modification compared to Fig.l and 2 in that the The main reinforcement is formed by rods 57 which are inserted into spacers 58. In addition to this main reinforcement is a stiffening reinforcement, in particular intended for transport and laying, the grid-like support, but without Lower chord is executed.

The diagonals 60 are directly in the strips 53,54, e.g. through Staples, anchored.

There are now different training options based on FIGS. 5 and 6 the spacer explained without thereby exhausting all training possibilities meant to be.

In Fig. 5a, the spacer 14 has a U-shape with a central web 15, which is excluded at 16 according to the wire cross-section. In the recesses 16, the lower chord irons 17 of the lattice girder 18 are inserted and through them a split pin 18 'is mechanically locked. The spacer 13 according to Fig. 5b. has the shape of a disc or plate 20 with a widened foot 21- to Attachment to the plate '1 and with: a recess 22 for a lower chord iron 23 .. It; could understandably also several such recesses 22 for several Be present.

The spacer 24 according to fig. 5c is intended for a lattice girder, the lower chord iron 26 can be tightened somewhat inwards. It is with itself longitudinally extending recesses 27, into which the lower belts 26 snap in and are held in this way in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner.

The spacer 28 according to FIG. 5d is based on the same principle. It is assumed here that the lattice girder has laterally protruding webs 29, which can be introduced into openings of the spacer 28.

Figure 6a shows a spacer 31 in the form of a m with a foot 32 provided plate 33 with lateral recesses 34 for receiving the lower chord irons of a lattice girder, as also shown in FIG. 6b, but here with the addition of one Recess 35 for inserting a reinforcing wire.

The spacer according to Fig.6c has a cross shape with two perpendicular to each other standing plates 37,38 on a foot plate 39. The two plates 37 and 38 have Recesses 40, 41, so that both a longitudinal reinforcement and a transverse reinforcement are inserted can be.

An embodiment that appears particularly suitable for many purposes, is that according to Fig.6d. The spacer 42, which here again has the shape of a disk 43 with a base plate 44 has resilient tongues 45 and 46. The lower belt iron 47 are pressed under the tongues 45, 46 and here by the tension of the tongues 45, 46 held securely.

The spacer 48 according to FIG. 6e goes up from the shape according to FIG. 6d, but is subordinate to it by a web 49, which has a special meaning has, as is to be explained with reference to FIG.

A particularly valuable advantage of the new component is his smooth and level undersurface, which makes it unnecessary to apply a layer of plaster. The lower surface can easily be painted or wallpapered. But that sets assume that the plate joints do not "sag". Avoiding that would be accurate require customized mounting supports.

In order to turn it off without much effort, the webs 49 are on the Molded spacers. They protrude over the edges of the panels and lie down on the adjacent plate, alternately, as Fig.7 shows. Now the plates are supported against each other in the vertical direction and can not "sag". In the spacers 30, the webs 31 are formed transversely, so that the narrow edges of the plate are also supported against one another.

Claims (19)

Patent claims: Prefabricated building element for the production of reinforced concrete ceilings or walls in the form of a ceiling required for the final state Thick, thin plate, which is flat on the room side and provided with reinforcement, characterized in that that the plate (1) is a building panel serving as a permanent shuttering panel and at least that, in particular produced as simple or spatial steel lattice girders Main reinforcement (3) above the plate (1) by spacers (2.2 ') attached to it is worn. 2. Component according to Änspruch 1, characterized in that at least its longitudinal edges for positive interlocking (10, 11) or interlocking (12,13) formed or grooved to accommodate springs, tubes or hoses are. 3. Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is provided on the top with longitudinal and / or transverse strips that increase rigidity is. 4. The component according to claim 3, characterized in that the strips or a part of them for vertical support against adjacent panels protrude beyond the plate edge or the plate edges. 5. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that it is protruding with Provide web supports (49,51) for vertical support against adjacent panels is. 6.Bauelement according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that the Stiffening strips are designed as spacers for the reinforcement. 7.Bauelement according to claim 1, characterized in that the Main reinforcement (3) supporting spacers (2 ') for inserting additional reinforcing bars (4,5) are formed. 8. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the The spacers supporting the main reinforcement have additional spacers to insert are attached to the plate by additional reinforcing bars. 9. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacers with recesses for form-fitting and / or force-fitting mounting of the main reinforcement and, if necessary, the additional reinforcement. 10. The component according to claim 9 *, characterized in that the spacers (42) have resilient tongues (45.46) clamping the reinforcing iron (47). 11. The component according to claim 9, characterized in that the reinforcing iron (17) with respect to the spacers (14) mechanically (by bolts, split pins (18r) or the like.) are lockable. 12. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that with spacers made of steel these are welded to the reinforcement iron. 13.Bauelement according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacers are in the form of disks with a widened foot attached to the plate is (Fig.5b, 6a, b, e ,. 14. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacers Have a block shape or a cross shape (Fig.6c.). 15. The component according to claim 1 with a top-side dam layer, characterized in that the height of the spacers (2, 2 ') compared to their height increased by the height of the insulation layer (9) in the case of a board without an insulation layer is, 16.Bauelement according to claim 1, characterized in that it is with a moisture-repellent, in particular removable protective layer is provided. 17. Ceiling constructed from components according to claim 1 with main reinforcement in the form of a simple odey räwnlioh.n structural steel connection, characterized in, that the additional reinforcement, see B. the transverse reinforcement (6) in the form of bars loose in the Structural steel connection inserted and / or placed on this. 18, component according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that in the stiffening strips (53,54) a stiffening reinforcement - (59) is anchored. 19. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcements or some of them protrude over the panel edges. L e r s e i t e