DE19937293A1 - Use of alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters as foam boosters - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the utilization of alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I): R<1>CO(AlkO)nOR<2>, wherein R<1>CO represents an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 30 C atoms, AlkO represents an alkylene radical, n represents 1 to 30 and R<2> represents an aliphatic alkylene radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Said esters are used as foam booster to improve the foaming properties of anionic, non-ionic, cationic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic surface active agents.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to the use of alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters as foam boosters for Surfactant mixtures.

State of the art

In a variety of surfactant applications, the consumer has a pronounced foaming power wanted. For example, a shampoo that is not sufficient when shampooing Producing as much creamy and stable foam as possible has little prospect in the market consist. A manufacturer of such products will primarily endeavor to formulate develop that meet the application requirements for cleaning performance and Compatible with skin tolerance, but nevertheless it also has to have foam properties Take into account. Now not all surfactant mixtures are characterized by application technology Are satisfactory from a point of view and are also justifiable from an economic point of view satisfactory foaming power. In the one case, the base foam is high and disintegrates however, quickly, otherwise it is the other way round, i.e. H. the foaming behavior is rather average, but the foam remains stable for a long time. If these properties do once advantageously combined, it is found that the mixtures are either none Tolerate water hardness or oil pollution. As a result, the number of surfactant combinations this is fulfill complex requirements, rather low, which is why the same is always the same in the market Formulations can be found. One way to work around this problem is to To provide surfactant formulations with additives, so-called foam boosters, which the Favorably influence the foam properties of the mixtures. A typical group of connections, which can be used for this are the fatty acid alkanolamides, which, however, have the disadvantage of Have trace contamination with nitrosamines.

The complex object of the invention was therefore to prepare surface-active preparations To be available that are free from the disadvantages described above. Foam was especially important  to find boosters that have both the base foam and the foam resistance of one Improve large number of surfactants, even in the presence of water hardness and oil pollution.

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the use of alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I)

R ¹ CO (AlkO) _n OR ² (I)

in which R ¹ CO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 30 C atoms, AlkO for alkylene oxide, n for numbers from 1 to 30 and R ² for an aliphatic alkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, as a foam booster to improve the foam properties of anionic , nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

Surprisingly, it was found that alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters, which do not have any embossed foam properties, foam boosters, i.e. both the base foam as well as improve the foam stability of other surfactants in a synergistic manner. The invention includes the knowledge that these synergistic effects also in hard water and in Presence of oil-fat contamination (sebum) can be obtained and for a wide range of surfactants be valid. Another advantage of the invention is that the alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters have solubilizing properties and thus the formulation of otherwise in cold water improve poorly soluble surfactants. After all, the substances are from a skin cosmetic point of view harmless, easily biodegradable and of course free of nitrosamines.

Alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters

Alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters are known from the prior art. For example, such alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters are accessible by etherification of alkoxylated carboxylic acids with alcohols. For the purposes of the present invention, however, the compounds are preferably prepared by reacting carboxylic acid esters with alkylene oxides using catalysts, in particular using calcined hydrotalcite according to German Offenlegungsschrift DE 39 14 131 A, which provide compounds with a restricted homolog distribution. Both carboxylic acid esters of monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols can be alkoxylated by this process. Alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (1) are preferably used in accordance with the present invention,

R ¹ CO (AlkO) _n OR ² (I)

in which R ¹ CO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 30 C atoms, AlkO for alkylene oxide, n for numbers from 1 to 30 and R ² for an aliphatic alkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms. AlkO stands for the alkylene oxides which are reacted with the carboxylic acid esters and include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide alone.

Particularly suitable are alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) in which R ¹ CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 and in particular 10 to 98 carbon atoms, AlkO for ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, n on average for numbers 5 to 20 and R ^{2 represents} an aliphatic alkyl radical having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in particular special methyl.

Preferred acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms more naturally or synthetic origin, in particular from linear, saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids including technical mixtures thereof, such as those obtained from animal and / or fat splitting vegetable fats and oils are accessible, for example from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, soybean oil, Sunflower oil, rape oil, cottonseed oil, fish oil, beef tallow and lard. Examples of the like carboxylic acids are caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, Isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, Elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachic acid, gadolein acid, behenic acid and / or erucic acid.

Particularly suitable are alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) in which R ¹ CO is a linear or branched, aliphatic, saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, AlkO for ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, n represents numbers from 5 to 20 and R ^{2 represents} a methyl radical. Examples of such compounds are methyl lauric acid, methyl coconut fatty acid and methyl tallow fatty acid alkoxylated with an average of 5, 7, 9 or 11 moles of ethylene oxide.

Surfactants

The alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters can be used as foam boosters for detergent mixtures from nonio African, anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or ampholytic surfactants become. Typical examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, Olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfo fatty acids, Alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfo succinamate, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, amidether carboxylic acid  ren and their salts, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acid ren such as acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates, alkyl oligogluco sidsulfate, protein fatty acid condensates (especially vegetable products based on wheat) and Al kyl (ether) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow homolog distribution. Typical Examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fat acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, Mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized alk (en) yl oligogiycosides or glucoron acid derivatives, fatty acid-N-alkylglucamides, protein hydrolyzates (especially vegetable products Wheat base), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants containing polyglycol ether chains, these can be a conventional, preferred however, have a narrow homolog distribution. Typical examples of cationic Surfactants are quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds and ester quats, especially quaternized ones Difatty acid trialkanolamine or difatty acid methyl diethanolamine ester salts. Typical examples for am photere or zwitterionic surfactants are alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, aminopropionates, ami noglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. The surfactants mentioned are from finally known connections. Regarding the structure and manufacture of these substances, be on relevant reviews, for example J. Falbe (ed.), "Surtactants in Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pp. 54-124 or J. Falbe (ed.), "Catalysts, surfactants and minerals Öladditive ", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pp. 123-217. Preferred surfactants are alkyl ether sulfates, fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl oligoglucosides and / or betaines.

The alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters and the surfactants can be in a weight ratio of 90:10 to 10:90, preferably 75:25 to 25:75 and in particular in a ratio of 60:40 to 40:60.

Industrial applicability

The alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) improve the foaming behavior and the Foam resistance of a large number of surfactants even in a synergistic manner if Water hardness and oil pollution are present.

Other auxiliaries and additives

Detergent mixtures in which the alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters are used can be used also contain other components that are suitable for the respective application  do. Finally, oil bodies, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, Pearlescent waxes, consistency enhancers, thickeners, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, Lecithins, phospholipids, stabilizers, biogenic agents, deodorants, antiperspirants, Antidandruff, film formers, swelling agents, UV light protection factors, antioxidants, hydrotropes, Preservatives, insect repellents, self-tanners, tyrosine inhibitors (depigmenting agents), Solubilizers, perfume oils, dyes and. a. Known auxiliaries and additives may be included, as in cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations, such as in hair shampoos, Hair lotions, foam baths, shower baths, creams, gels, lotions, alcoholic and aq rig / alcoholic solutions, emulsions, wax / fat masses, stick preparations, powders or ointments Base of ionic surfactants are common.

Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols with 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty acids with linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, esters of branched C ₆ -C _{13 -} Carboxylic acids with linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, such as. B. myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, Myristylisostearat, myristyl, Myristylbehenat, My ristylerucat, cetyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, Cetylisostearat, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, partisan groups lerucat, Stearylmyristat, stearyl, stearyl, Stearylisostearat, stearyl, stearyl, Stearylerucat, isostearyl, isostearyl, Isostearylstearat, isostearyl isostearate, Isostearylo leat, isostearyl behenate, Isostearyloleat, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, Oleylbehenat, oleyl erucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl, Beheny lisostearat, behenyl oleate, behenyl behenate, behenyl erucate, erucyl myristate, erucyl, Erucylstea rat, erucyl, erucyl , Erucyl behenate and erucylerucate. In addition, esters of linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty acids with branched alcohols, in particular 2-ethylhexanol, esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, in particular dioctyl malates, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids are suitable with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C ₆ -C ₁₀ fatty acids, liquid mono-IDi / triglyceride mixtures based on C ₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acids, Get esters of C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, especially benzoic acid, esters of C ₂ -C ₁₂ dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear and branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohol carbonates, Guerbet carbonates, esters of benzoic acid m it linear and / or branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ alcohols (e.g. B. Finsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or asymmetrical dialkyl ethers having 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, ring opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols, silicone oils and / or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as, for. B. as squalane, squalene or dialkylcyclohexane.

Examples of suitable emulsifiers are nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:

• - Addition products of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide to linear Fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, with alkylphenols with 8 up to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkylamines with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical;
• - Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl radical and their ethoxylated analogs;
• - Adducts of 1 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;
• - Adducts of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil;
• - Partial esters of glycerol and / or sorbitan with unsaturated, linear or saturated, branched ten fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids with 3 to 18 Koh lenstoffatomen and their adducts with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide;
• - Partial esters of polyglycerin (average degree of self-condensation 2 to 8), polyethylene gly col (molecular weight 400 to 5000), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (e.g. Sor bit), alkyl glucosides (e.g. methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g. Cellulose) with saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids with 3 to 18 carbon atoms and their Adducts with 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide;
• - Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol according to DE 11 65 574 PS and / or mixed esters of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerin or polyglycerin.
• - Mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates as well as mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and their Salts;
• - wool wax alcohols;
• - Polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives;
• - Polyalkylene glycols as well
• - glycerine carbonate.

The adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologs whose average degree of alkoxylation is the ratio of the substance quantities of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and Substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out corresponds. C _12/18 fatty acid _monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known from DE 20 24 051 PS as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations. Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acid monoglyceride, hydroxy stearic acid diglyceride, isostearic acid, Isostearinsäurediglycerid, oleic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid diglyceride, Ricinolsäuremoglycerid, Ricinolsäurediglycerid, Linolsäuremonoglycerid, linoleic acid diglyceride, diglyceride Linolensäuremonoglycerid, Linolensäurediglycerid, Erucasäuremonoglycerid, erucic acid, Weinsäuremonoglycerid, Weinsäurediglycerid, Citronensäuremonoglycerid, Citronendiglyce chloride, Äpfelsäuremonoglycerid, malic acid diglyceride and their technical mixtures, which may still contain small amounts of triglyceride from the manufacturing process. Addition products of 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 10, mol of ethylene oxide onto the aforementioned partial glycerides are also suitable.

Sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan sesquusostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, Sorbitan trüsostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, Sorbi tanmonoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitan dierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, Sor bitansesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate, sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitan dihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate, Sorbi tansesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate, sorbitan monocitrate, sorbitan sesquicitrate, sorbitan dicitrate, sorbitan tricrate, sorbitan monomaleate, sorbitan sesquimaleate, sorbitan dimaleate, sorbitan trima leat and their technical mixtures. Addition products from 1 to 30 are also suitable, preferably 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide to the sorbitan esters mentioned.

Typical examples of suitable polyglycerol esters are polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehy muls® PGPH), polyglycerol-3-diisostearate (Lameform® TGI), polyglyceryl-4 isostearate (Isolan® GI 34), Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate, Diisostearoyl Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate (Isolan® PDI), Polyglyceryl-3 Methyl glucose distearate (Tego Care® 450), Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax (Cera Bellina®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate (Polyglycerol Caprate T2010 / 90), Polyglyceryl-3 Cetyl Ether (Chimexane® NL), Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and Polyglyceryl Polyricinoleate (Admul® WOL 1403) Polyglyceryl Dimerate isostearates and their mixtures.

Examples of other suitable polyol esters are those with 1 to 30 mol ethylene oxide, if appropriate set mono-, di- and triesters of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol with lauric acid, coconut fat acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid and the like.

Substances such as lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxy can be used as superfatting agents lated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid al kanolamides are used, the latter also serving as foam stabilizers.

Pearlescent waxes, for example, are: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol di stearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stea rinic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids Fatty alcohols with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances like for example fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which in total min have at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearin  acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 Carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15 Carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixtures thereof.

The main consistency agents are fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and in addition partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxy fat acids into consideration. A combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or is preferred Fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates.

Suitable thickeners are, for example, Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicas), Polysac charide, especially xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of Fatty acids, polyacrylates, (e.g. Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma), poly acrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid reglycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, Fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides as well as electrolytes like table salt and ammonium chloride.

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as. Legs quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose obtained from Amerchol under the name Polymer JR 400® Lich, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized Vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl imidazole polymers, such as. B. Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products from Poly glycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as lauryldimonium hydroxy propyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as. B. amidomethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethyla minohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyl diallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides, e.g. B. described in the FR 2252840 A and its crosslinked water-soluble polymers, cationic chitin derivatives as in for example, quaternized chitosan, optionally microcrystalline, condensation products Dihaloalkylene, such as. B. dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, such as. B. bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as B. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers, such as. B. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 der Miranol company.

Examples of anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are Vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / Isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers and their esters, uncrosslinked and polyols crosslinked polyacrylic acids, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride /  Acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate / 2-hydroxypro yl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, Vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinylcaprolactam terpolymers and optionally derivatized cellulose ethers and silicones in question.

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones as well as amino, fatty acid, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and / or al alkyl modified silicone compounds that are both liquid and resinous at room temperature can lie. Simethicones, which are mixtures of Dimethico, are also suitable nen with an average chain length of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated Silicates. A detailed overview of suitable volatile silicones can also be found at Todd et al. in Cosm.Toil. 91, 27 (1976).

Typical examples of fats are glycerides. Natural waxes, such as, for example, B. candelilla wax, camauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice, germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), pretzel fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffin waxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes), such as. B. Montanester waxes, Sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxes and synthetic waxes, such as. B. polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycol waxes in question. In addition to fats, fat-like substances such as lecithins and phospholipids can also be used as additives. The skilled person understands the term lecithins to refer to those glycerophospholipids which are formed from fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline by esterification. Lecithins are therefore often referred to in the art as phosphatidylcholines (PC) and follow the general formula

where R typically for linear aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals with 15 to 17 carbon atoms men and up to 4 cis double bonds. The cephalins are examples of natural lecithins called, which are also called phosphatidic acids and derivatives of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3- represent phosphoric acids. In contrast, phospholipids are usually understood to be mono- and preferably diesters of phosphoric acid with glycerin (glycerol phosphates), which are generally related to the fet ten can be expected. In addition, sphingosines or sphingolipids are also suitable.  

Metal salts of fatty acids, such as. B. magnesium, aluminum and / or Zinc stearate or ricinoleate can be used.

Examples of biogenic active ingredients are tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, Ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acid ren, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts and vitamin complexes to understand.

Cosmetic deodorants (deodorants) counteract, mask or mask body odors page them. Body odors arise from the action of skin bacteria on apocrine sweat, whereby unpleasant smelling degradation products are formed. Accordingly, Deodo included rantien Active ingredients that act as germ inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or Ge act as a cover.

In principle, all substances effective against gram-positive bacteria are anti-germ agents suitable, such as B. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts and esters, N- (4-chlorophenyl) -N '- (3,4-dichloro phenyl) urea, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan), 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,2'- Methylene-bis (6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), 3-methyl-4- (1-methylethyl) phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 3- (4- Chlorophenoxy) -1,2-propanediol, 3-10d-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, chlorhexidine, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbonilide (TTC), antibacterial fragrances, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol, clove oil, menthol, mint oil, famesol, Phenoxyethanol, glycerol monolaurate (GML), diglycerol monocaprinate (DMC), salicylic acid N-alkylamides such as B. salicylic acid-n-octylamide or salicylic acid-n-decylamide.

Esterase inhibitors, for example, are suitable as enzyme inhibitors. This is before preferably around trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, trüsopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and ins special triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG). The substances inhibit the Enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. Other substances that act as esterase inhibitors sterol sulfates or phosphates, such as lanosterol, cholesterol, Campesterin, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as for example glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipic acid, adipine acid monoethyl ester, adipic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid and malonic acid diethyl ester, hydroxycarb non-acids and their esters such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester, and zinc glycinate.

Suitable as odor absorbers are substances which absorb odor-forming compounds and are widely used can hold on. They lower the partial pressure of the individual components and thus reduce them also their speed of propagation. It is important that perfumes remain unaffected sen. Odor absorbers are not effective against bacteria. For example, they contain as  Main component is a complex zinc set of ricinoleic acid or special, largely odorless Fragrances known to the person skilled in the art as "fixators", such as, for. B. extracts of labdanum or Styrax or certain abietic acid derivatives. Fragrance agents or par act as odor maskers for, in addition to their function as odor maskers, the deodorants their respective Give fragrance. Perfume oils include, for example, mixtures of natural and synthetic table fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers, stems and leaves, fruits, Fruit peels, roots, woods, herbs and grasses, needles and branches as well as resins and bal seeds. Animal raw materials, such as civet and castoreum, are also suitable. Typi synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, Alcohols and hydrocarbons. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, p- tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, allyl cyclo hexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citro nellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, among the Ketones e.g. B. the Jonone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, Isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, belong to the hydrocarbons mainly the terpenes and balms. However, mixtures of different scents are preferred substances that together create an appealing fragrance. Essential oils also low Rer volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are suitable as perfume oils, for. B. Sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, Vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labdanum oil and lavandin oil. Bergamot oil, Dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamenaldehyde, linalool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, citro nenoil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, cyclover valley, lavandin oil, muscatel sage oil, β- Damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertoffx Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evemyl, Iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilate, irotyl and Floramat used alone or in mixtures.

Antiperspirants (antiperspirants) reduce sweat formation by influencing the activity of the eccrine sweat glands and thus counteract armpit wetness and body odor. Aqueous or anhydrous formulations of antiperspirants typically contain the following ingredients:

• - astringent active ingredients,
• - oil components,
• - nonionic emulsifiers,
• - co-emulsifiers,  
• - consistency giver,
• - auxiliaries such. B. thickeners or complexing agents and / or
• - non-aqueous solvents such as As ethanol, propylene glycol and / or glycerin.

Salts of aluminum and zirconium are particularly suitable as astringent antiperspirant active ingredients or zinc. Such suitable antiperspirant active ingredients are e.g. B. aluminum chloride, Aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum dichlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate and their complex compound dung z. B. with propylene glycol-1,2. Aluminum hydroxyallantoinate, aluminum chloride tartrate, aluminum Zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentachlo crude hydrate and their complex compounds z. B. with amino acids such as glycine.

In addition, conventional oil-soluble and water-soluble auxiliaries can be present in smaller amounts in antiperspirants. Such oil-soluble aids can e.g. B. be:

• - anti-inflammatory, skin-protecting or fragrant essential oils,
• - synthetic skin-protecting agents and / or
• - oil-soluble perfume oils.

Usual water-soluble additives are e.g. B. preservatives, water-soluble fragrances, pH value Adjusting means, e.g. B. buffer mixtures, water-soluble thickeners, e.g. B. water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers such as B. xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.

As anti-dandruff agents, Octopirox® (1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6- (2,4,4-trimythyipentyi) -2- (1H) -pyri don-monoethanolamine salt), Baypival, Pirocton Olamin, Ketoconazol®, (4-acetyl-1 - {- 4- [2- (2.4-dichlor phenyl) r-2- (1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl) -1,3-dioxylan-c-4-ylmethoxyphenyl} piperazine, selenium disulfide, Schwe fel colloidal, sulfur polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate, sulfur ricinole polyhexylate, sulfur tar Distillates, salicylic acid (or in combination with hexachlorophene), undexylenic acid monoethanolamide Sulfosuccinate Na salt, Lamepon® UD (protein undecylenic acid condensate, zinc pyrethione, aluminum pyrition and magnesium pyrithione / dipyrithione magnesium sulfate are used.

Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized Chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or its salts and similar compounds fertilize.

Montmorillonite, clay minerals, pemulene and alkyl can be used as swelling agents for aqueous phases modified carbopol types (Goodrich) are used. Other suitable polymers or swelling agents can the overview by R. Lochhead in Cosm. Toil. 108, 95 (1993).  

Under UV light protection factors are to be understood, for example, liquid or crystalline organic substances (light protection filters) at room temperature, which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and absorb the energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. B. to give off heat like that. UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. As oil-soluble substances such. B. To name:

• - 3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcampher and its derivatives, e.g. B. 3- (4-Methylbenzy liden) camphor as described in EP 0693471 B1;
• - 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4- 2-octyl (dimethylamino) benzoate and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate;
• - Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, 4-methoxycinnamate pro pylester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isamyl ester 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (Octo crylene);
• - Esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 4-isopropylbene methyl ester, salicylic acid homomethyl ester;
• - Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-me thoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
• - Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate;
• - Triazine derivatives, such as. B. 2,4,6-Trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine and octyl tria zone as described in EP 0818450 A1 or dioctyl butamido triazone (Uvasorb® HEB);
• Propane-1,3-diones, such as e.g. B. 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione;
• - Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives, as described in EP 0694521 B1.

Possible water-soluble substances are:

• - 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, Alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts;
• - Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5- sulfonic acid and its salts;
• - Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, such as. B. 4- (2-Oxo-3-bomylidenemethyl) benzene sulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.

Derivatives of benzoylmethane, such as, for example, are particularly suitable as typical UV-A filters wise 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoyl methane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione and enamine compounds, as described in DE 197 12 033 A1 (BASF). The UV-A and UV-B filters can of course can also be used in mixtures. In addition to the soluble substances mentioned come for this Purpose also insoluble light protection pigments, namely finely dispersed metal oxides or salts in question.  

Examples of suitable metal oxides are, in particular, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium as well as their mixtures. As salts Silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used. The oxides and salts are in the form of pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics used. The particles should preferably have an average diameter of less than 100 nm have between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. You can ... a have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use particles which have a have an ellipsoidal shape or a shape other than the spherical shape. The Pig elements can also be surface treated, i. H. are hydrophilized or hydrophobized. Typical Examples are coated titanium dioxide, such as. B. Titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex © T2000 (Merck). Silicones and, in particular, trials are the main hydrophobic coating agents koxyoctylsilane or Simethicone in question. So-called Mi are preferred in sunscreens Cro- or nanopigments used. Micronized zinc oxide is preferably used. Further Suitable UV light protection filters can be found in the overview by P. Finkel in SÖFW-Journal 122, 543 (1996) remove.

In addition to the two aforementioned groups of primary light stabilizers, secondary light stabilizers of the antioxidant type can also be used, which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin. Typical examples include amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-camosine, D-camosine, L-camosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydroliponic acid), Auro thioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl) , Oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and their derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) as well as sulfoximine compounds (e.g. buthioninsulfoxim , Homocysteine sulfoximine, Butionin sulfone, Penta-, Hexa-, Heptathioninsulfoximin) in very low tolerable doses (e.g. B. pmol to µmollkg), further (metal) chelators (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lac toferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts , Bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and their derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. B. Ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin, rutinic acid and its derivatives, α- Glycosylrutin, Ferulasäure, Furfurylidenglucitol, Camosin, Butylhydroxytoluol, Butylhydroxyanisol, Nordihydroguajak resin acid, Nordihydroguajaretsäure, Trihydroxybutyrophenon, uric acid and its derivatives, Man nose and its derivatives, Superoxid-Dismutase, zinc and its derivative ate (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO ₄ ) selenium and its derivatives (e.g. B. selenium methionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (z. B. stilbene oxide, trans-style benoxid) and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these active ingredients.

To improve the flow behavior, hydrotropes such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or polyols can also be used. Polyols that come into consideration here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyols can also contain further functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

• - glycerin;
• Alkylene glycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, Hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;
• - Technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as technical diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight;
• Methyl compounds, such as in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, Pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;
• - Lower alkyl glucosides, especially those with 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as wise methyl and butyl glucoside;
• Sugar alcohols with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol,
• - Sugar with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as glucose or sucrose;
• - aminosugars such as glucamine;
• - Dialcohol amines, such as diethanolamine or 2-amino-1,3-propanediol.

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, para benzene, pentanediol or sorbic acid as well as those in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Cosmetics Regulation led further substance classes. As insect repellents there are N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1,2- Pentanediol or ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate in question, dihydroxy is suitable as a self-tanner acetone. As tyrosine inhibitors that prevent the formation of melanin and use in depigmas Finding agents come, for example, arbutin, kojic acid, coumaric acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in question.

Perfume oils include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural Fragrance substances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, oranges), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, Calmus), woods (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, Lemongrass, sage, thyme), needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and bal  seeds (Galbanum, Elemi, Benzoin, Myrrh, Ölibanum, Opoponax). Furthermore animal raw come substances in question, such as civet and castoreum. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds gen are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, ptert.-Bu tylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, Benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzylsa licylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear Alka nals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonaf, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, α-isomethylionon and Me thylcedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, pheny ethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes and bal same. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances that work together generate an appealing fragrance. Also essential oils of lower volatility, mostly as an aro Mac components are used as perfume oils, e.g. B. sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, Lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanu mole, labolanum oil and lavandin oil. Bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, Citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamenaldehyde, Lina lool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, Allylamyl glycolate, cyclover valley, lavandin oil, muscatel sage oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, Cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilllate, irotyl and floramate alone or in mixtures gene, used.

As dyes, the substances suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes can be used be used, such as the dye in the publication "Cosmetic Colorants" Commission of the German Research Foundation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106 are put together. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 % By weight, based on the mixture as a whole.

Examples

To investigate the foaming behavior, 10% by weight aqueous surfactant solutions (15 ° dH, + 0.1% by weight of sebum) and the foam volume is determined in accordance with DIN standard 53 902, part 1.

In this method, the foam is in by beating the liquid sample in for 30 seconds a standing cylinder with a horizontally aligned perforated plate attached to a handle generated. The resulting foam volume is immediately after stopping beating, and measured after 1, 5 and 20 min. The results are summarized in Tables 1 to 3. The following surfactants were used (quantitative data as% by weight).

• 1. Sodium Laureth Sulfate (Texapon® NSO, Henkel KGaA)
• 2. Coconut monoglyceride sulfate sodium salt (Plantapon® CMGS, Henkel KGaA)
• 3. Laureth-7 ether carboxylic acid sodium salt
• 4. Coco Glucosides (Plantacare® APG 818, Henkel KGaA)
• 5. Lauric acid N-methylglucamide
• 6. C _12/14 fatty acid + 7 EO methyl ester (weight ratio 70% by weight C ₁₂ and 30% by weight C ₁₄ )
• 7. C ₁₀ fatty acid + 9 EO methyl ester
• 8. C ₆ -C ₁₀ fatty acid + 9 EO methyl ester

Table 1

Foam measurements - binary surfactant mixtures (according to the invention)

Table 1

Foam measurements - binary surfactant mixtures (according to the invention) - continued

Table 2

Foam measurements - ternary surfactant mixtures (according to the invention)

Table 3

Foam measurements (comparative tests)

Claims (7)

1. Use of alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I)
R ¹ CO (AlkO) _n OR ² (I)
in which R ¹ CO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 30 C atoms, AlkO for alkylene oxide, n for numbers from 1 to 30 and R ² for an aliphatic alkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, as a foam booster to improve the foam properties of anionic , nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain alkoxylated carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) in which R ¹ CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, AlkO for ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide , n represents numbers from 5 to 20 and R ^{2 represents} methyl. 3. Use according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that they are anionic Contain surfactants selected from the group consisting of soaps, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α- Methyl ester sulfonates, sulfo fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerin ether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, Fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccina mats, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethiona ten, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates, Protein fatty acid condensates and alkyl (ether) phosphates. 4. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contain nonionic surfactants which are selected from the group formed by Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acids a midpolyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or Mixed formalities, optionally partially oxidized alk (en) yl oligoglycosides or glucoronic acid derivatives, fatty acid-N-alkylgiucamides, protein hydrolyzates (especially vegetable products Wheat base), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. 5. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contain cationic surfactants selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds and ester quats.   6. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contain amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants which are selected from the group consisting of is formed by alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imi dazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. 7. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contain components (a) and (b) in a weight ratio of 90:10 to 10:90.