DE19908631C2 - Arrangement of loudspeakers for sound reinforcement - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the arrangement of sound transducers in a multi-way speaker system, preferably for Funnel sound transducers, especially using Multiple single transducers.

GB 20 63 008 discloses an arrangement of several sound transducers in a loudspeaker housing in such a way that these sound transducers work on a common volume in front of their membranes and requires that the resulting opening area, which according to. Fig. 4 is -, equal to or smaller than the sum of the areas of the individual sound transducers with the proviso that the resulting opening area behaves acoustically as a single sound transducer with a membrane area as large as. According to the laws of physics, the latter requirement can only be met in a restricted frequency range, and only for those frequencies whose wavelength is at least twice as large as the largest diameter of the chamber. In addition, this arrangement significantly narrows the beam angle with increasing frequency compared to the beam angle of a single loudspeaker chassis by a factor of D / d, with D = diameter of the opening and d = diameter of the membrane surface, etc. Thirdly, this arrangement is a Helmholz- Resonator with pronounced natural resonances at wavelengths of λ / 4, 3λ / 4, 5λ / 4,. , , etc., where λ corresponds to the depth of the chamber. Because of these properties, arrangements of this type are prohibited for good reproduction of speech and music in the range of medium and high frequencies. In practice, such speakers can only be found as bass speakers (subwoofers) for the reproduction of frequencies below approx. 130 Hz and are referred to as bandpass speakers.

The object of the invention is to improve the Radiation behavior of loudspeakers, both as Single speaker box as well as that in groups summarized stacks of several individual speaker boxes as a whole.

This object is achieved with the features from claim 1.

The invention makes a rotationally symmetrical Arrangement of all sound transducers around the axis of the main beam direction of the speaker system reached what with redesigned funnel transducers is. All the funnels in the speaker system are so integrated that both their axes coincide agree as well as their funnel mouth openings in the same level. Appropriately, each inner funnel from the next outer by a geometrical simple molding, e.g. B. delimited a cylinder. The Curve geometry of the outer funnel is invented adapted to the change in cross section through the molded part. Furthermore, the invention provides for the newly gained interior Volume of the molded part for the introduction of a second Driver sound transducer to use for the outer funnel. Thus the outer funnel is placed on the funnel axis by two located driver sound transducer driven with their Face each other and radially into the funnel shine. To compensate for any limitations of the Transmission frequency response sees the invention Volume reducing body located between the two Driver sound transducers.  

It has an approximately lenticular shape and is by means of Fasteners that also comply with a defined distance between the driver transducers are provided attached.

The invention provides support walls for the best possible stability both between the molded part and the inner wall of the funnel before also inside the molded part to support the Driver horn transducer of the inner funnel.

The number of nested funnels is principally not limited. It is two funnels is a coaxial, with three funnels a triaxial Arrangement. Despite using multiple funnels for the different transmission frequency ranges are additional Sound transducer required. First, in the low-frequency Transmission range, because with increasing wavelength the Dimensions of the funnel are no longer manageable. To the others in the high-frequency transmission range, since the Beam angle of the horn transducer with increasing Frequency more and more narrowed down to values for the most applications are hardly sufficient.

The installation and integration of additional sound transducers leads to the desired success only if it makes precise reference to the respective requirements. The invention divides the distances to the listener into Areas near field, middle field and far field one and arranges orders for these areas Additional sound converter too.

The radiation directions of the additional sound transducers have one common intersection with the axis of the Main emission direction. For the sound reinforcement of the This intersection lies in the immediate vicinity within the housing of the speaker system for which in the middle, it is behind and for the long range he lies in front of it.

Due to the forward displacement of this Intersection creates a bundling effect that prevents the radiated sound energy from already  distributed in the near field and no longer for the far field is sufficient.

The situation in the lower frequency range is due to the larger ones. Wavelength less critical. Work the Additional speakers, however, up to the mid-range frequency-dependent bundling effects, especially when the speaker system is working in close range and should have a large beam angle. Arrange here the invention of these transducers in pairs opposite so that their sound radiation radially to the axis of movement of the loudspeaker diaphragm. The Sound is emitted through a narrow gap on the Surface of the speaker cabinet for a wide Sound scattering provides. If greater range is required, according to the invention, this gap is formed by a 360 ° funnel replaced, its radiation behavior in the near field by Auxiliary sound converter is expanded, which is located at the Surface of the housing in preferably spherical Shape. According to the two halves of the spherical housing rigid and firm but at the same time in their geometry changeable so that the shape of the all-round funnel transducer in between is changeable. By lowering on one side of the Funnel this is closed there and the Sound radiation blocked in this direction. So that's it possible to meet the contradicting requirements All-round radiation with simultaneous fading into one certain direction with a single speaker system to fulfill at once. The same applies to the Additional speakers. Will these be single - or grouped together - with different levels operated, the radiation profile of the Speaker system according to these levels. If the speaker system is required to only to be emitted from the front, and both near and The invention sees to sound far field evenly well the integration of the additional sound transducers into the inside  of the outer funnel in different places different angles of inclination to the axis of the Main emission direction. The strongest after each internally inclined transducers cover the near field in one wide range, while the only slightly inclined Additional sound transducer the intersection of their Have radiation directions far in front of the speaker system and thus deliver enough energy in the far field. By careful coordination of the angles and levels of all Sound transducer becomes a smooth transition of the near field reached in the far field.

For the support of the horn transducers in the low frequency range, the invention uses that for Available volume behind the outer funnel for the operation of additional sound transducers in this Frequency range. For the purpose of compact construction, these are Sound transducer not flush with the front, but sunk somewhat placed behind the edge of the outer funnel. The sound to be emitted finds its way due to the geometric differences between funnel and housing. In their solutions, the invention assumes that remaining runtime differences between each Sound transducers are compensated electronically, which at the current state of the art none Difficulty or unreasonable additional costs. In the event that no such measure is desired According to the invention, the outer funnel is shortened and by one ring-shaped arrangement of driver sound transducers operated, which is on the same level as the Driver horn transducer of the inner funnel and the Auxiliary sound converter, at least that for the low-frequency Area.

The invention relates to the solution of the arrangement of Single transducers in a loudspeaker system and refers to the arrangement of speaker systems that as Loudspeakers in groups to form a stack are summarized with a.  

According to the speakers for the Close range arranged in a convex shape and for the Long range in concave form. The arrangement for the Middle range depends on the size of the field and can be of all shapes such as convex, straight, concave, included.

The advantages achieved with the invention are:

• - Generation of a homogeneous and coherent sound field
• - Extended radiation area from a single Speaker system
• - 360 ° all-round radiation from a funnel loudspeaker
• - The radiation range can be changed easily, even during the Operating
• - Greater range
• - Compact design
• - High efficiency

It is based on the following known arrangements pointed out:

There are transducers where

• - the tweeter system, in the form of a tweeter dome, concentrically integrated in the low-mid-range transducer is
• - the tweeter system concentrically inside a low Mid-range sound transducer as a funnel sound transducer is carried out and the membrane of the deep Mid-range system as a funnel for the tweeter system is trained,
• - the tweeter system, be it a dome or a funnel, into the Middle, but in front of the diaphragm of the low-mid range, as independent unit is introduced. They are orders of transducers on the front of a loudspeaker box known where the transducers have a vertical line form and the tweeter is in the center of this  Arrangement, and it is above and below is surrounded by a mid-range system. In addition, that can upper mid-range system from one above Bass system, and accordingly the lower mid-range system be surrounded by a bass system underneath. Are the centers of the neighboring ones Sound transducer no more than half a wavelength of Crossover frequency apart, this is called Arrangement according to "d'Appolito".

There are arrangements of similar sound transducers the surface of a spherical speaker cabinet known that a within their transmission range Effect radiation on all sides.

In the following the invention with reference to drawings, the the various embodiments show. It demonstrate:

Fig. 1a-c: the longitudinal cross-sectional front and side view of a coaxial loudspeaker having convex funnel concentrically arranged additional speakers to the near-field region,

FIG. 2 shows the side view of a variant of the loudspeaker of Figure 1 for direct attachment to a wall or ceiling.

Fig. 3: side view of a radiant orthogonal to the longitudinal axis Nahfeldlautsprechers of Figure 1, but without a funnel.

FIG. 4a: the front / side view of the loudspeaker of Figure 3, but with a central round funnel transducers for longer ranges.

FIG. 4b: the front / side view of the loudspeaker of Figure 4a, addition funnel with variable geometry.

FIG. 5a, b: the longitudinal section and side view of a coaxial loudspeaker funnel with concave concentrically arranged additional speakers for the near and the far field region,

Figure 6a, b:.. The longitudinal section and side view of a coaxial cone loudspeaker having concave concentrically arranged additional speakers for the near and the far field region of Figure 6a, b, in which the main sound transducers are arranged in a plane,

Fig. 7: arranging a plurality of loudspeaker boxes (stacking) on a fly dishes in a concave shape for very long ranges,

FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of several speakers in a fly dishes in mixed concave / convex shape for distance and near-field region.

In Fig. 1a, the embodiment of a multi-way single speaker for use from the immediate vicinity is shown in longitudinal section. It consists of the housing 111 , which has a spherical or spherical shape and contains all components with the exception of the bass system (subwoofer). All sound transducers 130 to 136 are arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 110 , which corresponds to the main emission direction 100 . Large parts of the transmission range are taken over by the funnel loudspeakers 120 and 121 , the two funnels concentrically merging and forming a unit with the cylindrical molded part 112 . The mouth openings of both funnels 120 and 121 are in the same plane. While the high-mid-range horn 121 is controlled by a compact driver system 130 , the low-mid-range horn is controlled by two similar sound transducers 131 and 132 , which are arranged opposite one another and radiate radially into the cone 120 . The distance between the sound transducers 131 , 132 is determined by the length of the connecting elements 150 , which together with the support 116 give the shaped part 112 with funnel 121 support. This arrangement shifts the pressure chamber of the funnel 120 between the sound transducers 131 , 132 and enables a compact design. The volume reducing body 170 in the form of a lens or two spherical caps is located between the sound transducers 131 , 132 and ensures that the pressure chamber volume is reduced in order to achieve a wide transmission range. The sound converter 131 works on the inner volume 141 of the molded part 112 and sound converter 132 works on the inner volume 142 of the housing 113 . The volumes 141 and 142 are of equal size, which is achieved by the position of the intermediate wall 117 . The intermediate wall 117 simultaneously supports the driver system 130 and protects the funnel 121 from the sound of the sound converter 131 . The sound transducers 135 a-f have their own volumes 143 a-f, given by the housing 114 a-f.

The same applies to the sound transducers 136 a-d with the associated volumes 144 a-d, or the housings 115 a-d. The transducer pairs 133/134 a-d work on the housing volume 140, which can also be divided in need.

The pairs of oppositely arranged transducers 133/134 a-d are located on the same sectional plane of the housing 111 as the funnel sound transducers 131, 132, resulting in the simultaneous emission in the main direction of sound 100th The same applies to the additional sound transducers 135 a-f, which are located in the same plane as the driver 130 to the funnel 121 .

The sound converters 136 a-d, which are also arranged rotationally symmetrically at the rear, complement the radiation from nearby reflectors such as the ceiling and walls to support a spatial sound impression.

The pairs of oppositely arranged transducers 133/134 a-d to work together to the sound aperture 160 having a dimension, ie the width of the slot at the surface of the housing 111, small compared with the radiated wavelength. The result is a wide-ranging sound distribution in the propagation directions 101 a-d. The possibility of separately controlling the sound transducers 135 a-f as well as 136a-d means that the ratio between direct sound and indirect sound can be set as desired by means of level adjustment. If you divide the sound transducers 135 a-f into groups, or if you control each one individually, you also have the option of individually adjusting the sound radiation on each side, thus reducing the disruptive influence of excessively reflecting individual walls or ceilings and floors. The arrangement of the transducer 130 to the transducers 135 a-f in a plane, as well as the arrangement of the transducer pair 131/132 in a plane with the sound transducers 133/134 ad has the advantage that only one electronic time delay for the synchronization of these two planes - and all sound transducers - is required.

FIG. 1b and FIG. 1c show derfindungsgemäßie front and side view of the loudspeaker according to Fig. 1a. It should be noted that the number of sound transducers 133 , 134 , 135 and 136 shown is only to be regarded as an example. It can be more or less depending on the requirements. The exact number results from the radiation behavior of these sound transducers in the selected frequency range. They are to be arranged in such a way that there can be no overlaps or deletions. This also applies to the interaction with the funnels 120 and 121 and the sound transducers 133 , 134 .

Fig. 2 shows the speaker of Fig. 1a-c in a modified form, so that it can be mounted directly on walls or on the ceiling. The rear sound transducers 136 a-d are omitted here and the spherical shape of the original housing 111 is replaced on the back by a conical housing shape 211 , which creates a suitable transition to the wall / ceiling 270 . If the sound transducers 134 a-d are dispensed with, the conical housing part 211 can also be omitted, which leads to better acoustic adaptation of the sound transducers 133 a-d to the environment in a wide frequency range.

Fig. 3 shows the loudspeaker according to Fig. 1a-c as variant 1 in vertical form. The axis 310 of the loudspeaker 311 is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the axis 110 of the loudspeaker 111 . Instead of the funnel sound transducers 120 , 121 there is a sound transducer unit 330 , preferably for the upper frequency range. This sound transducer unit 330 can be a single unit that emits 360 °, or it can consist of several individual systems, the radiation angles of which add up to 360 °. A better all-round radiation is achieved with the vertical variant according to FIG. 3 than with the loudspeaker according to FIGS. 1a-c, which has a preferred direction 100 . Here, the preferred direction is a 360 ° plane at the sound opening 160 . The preferred direction is thus orthogonal to the axis 310 of the loudspeaker 311 .

Fig. 4a shows a variant 2 a loudspeaker according to FIG. 3, in which the inner transducers are 133/134 a-d is replaced by a radial funnel transducer 420 with the inside drivers 431, 432 which are connected to each other via the fixing members 450. Between the transducers 431 , 432 there is again a volume reducing body 470 for expanding the transmission range. The acoustic transducers 435 a-d and 436 a-d supplement / support the radial horn acoustic transducer 420 in the upper and / or lower frequency range, depending on the dimensioning and design of the radial horn acoustic transducer 420 . This variant 2 a has a greater range than variant 1 according to FIG. 3.

FIG. 4b shows a variant 2 b the loudspeaker according to Fig. 4a, in which the housing 411 a preferential direction 100 caused by tilting of the two halves, and the sound radiation will be reduced in entgengesetzter direction to the main direction 100. This is achieved by a variable geometry of the connecting elements 450 , for example by two tubes running into one another, which are provided with a locking mechanism. The arrangement according to FIG. 4b has the advantage of 360 ° all-round radiation, in which a radiation direction (for example in the direction of the microphone) can be masked out with little effort.

Fig. 5a, b show the longitudinal section and side view of a speaker system which is similarly constructed as the speaker system according to Fig. 1a-c, but no sound transducer are attached to the housing surface 511th To expand the beam angle, the sound transducers 536 a-l are integrated on the inside of the funnel 120 , the beam directions 504 a-l of which intersect with the axis of the main emission direction 100 in the immediate vicinity in front of the loudspeaker system at the intersection S2. The same applies to the arrangement of the transducers 535 a-l. In this case, the intersection S1, at which their emission directions 502 a-l intersect with the axis of the main emission direction 100 , is relatively far in front of the loudspeaker system, which initially causes a bundling and only at a greater distance in direction 100 causes a divergence. This achieves both a more favorable sound distribution and a longer range. If one controls the sound transducers 535 a-l and 536 a-l in groups or individually, the emission characteristics of the loudspeaker system can be influenced within wide limits.

Fig. 6a, b show the speaker system according to Fig. 5a, b, or also according to Fig. 1a-c, with a modified inner structure. The driver pair 131/132 for the hopper 120 is here replaced by a plurality of individual transducers 631 a-l, which work on the rear volume 642nd In this arrangement, the funnels 620 and 621 are adjusted in length and the sound transducers 630 , 631 a-l and 533 a-d are on one level, which makes the external delay adjustment unnecessary.

FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of loudspeaker boxes concave in two planes, in which their main emission directions form an intersection point S which lies in front of the loudspeaker boxes. This arrangement transfers the properties of the arrangement of the sound transducers 535 a-l in FIGS. 5a, b to an entire stack of loudspeaker boxes. This means that a greater range can also be achieved with loudspeakers that have an internal structure that differs from FIGS. 5a, b.

FIG. 8 shows, as a mixed concave / convex arrangement, the integration of the arrangement according to FIG. 7 into a public address system for a very wide public address area. The lower loudspeaker systems 831 , 832 , 833 are arranged in a strongly convex manner for a large scattering effect in the immediate vicinity, the systems for the middle area 811 to 823 are only slightly convex or even parallel, while the systems 801 to 803 for the distant area are concave. Their radiation directions intersect at the intersection S in front of the loudspeaker arrangement with a high concentration effect and range.

Claims (19)

1. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system, consisting of the housing ( 511 ) with a main axis ( 110 ), which coincides with the axis of the main emission direction ( 100 ), a larger funnel ( 120 ) with associated driver sound transducers ( 131 , 132 ), one smaller funnel ( 121 ) located within the funnel ( 120 ) with associated driver sound transducer ( 130 ), an acoustically active molded part ( 112 ) which, with its fastening devices ( 116 ), is located between the funnels ( 120 ), ( 121 ) and a plurality of sound transducers ( 533 a-d) for the lower frequency range, which are arranged near the outer edge of the large funnel ( 120 ) as well as several sound transducers ( 535 a-l) for the middle and upper frequency range in the far field and several sound transducers ( 536 al) for the middle and upper range Frequency range in the near field, the integri in a circular position to each other in the inside of the large funnel ( 120 ) are characterized in that the central axes of the funnels ( 120 , 121 ) and the central axes of their driver sound transducers ( 131 , 132 , 121 ) coincide with the axis of the main emission direction ( 100 ), and the sound transducers (533a-d, 535a-l, 536a-l) are arranged concentrically around the axis of the main emission direction ( 100 ). 2. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound transducers ( 535 a-l, 536 a-l) are arranged for the middle and upper frequency range in relation to the central axis ( 110 ) that the axes of their radiation directions ( 502 al ), or ( 504 a-l) each form a common intersection S1 or S2 with the axis of the main emission direction ( 100 ), which are located in front of the loudspeaker housing ( 511 ). 3. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sound transducers ( 535 a-l, 536 a-l) for the middle and upper frequency range in whole or in part in the inside of the wall of the larger funnel ( 120 ) and / or of the smaller funnel ( 121 ) are integrated. 4. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sound transducers ( 535 a-l, 536 al) for the middle and upper frequency range individually or in groups are variable in level and / or on and off, even while of operation. 5. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of funnels ( 120 , 121 ) are nested concentrically one inside the other and by a molded part ( 112 ) which is included in the mathematical funnel function of ( 120 ), and which is advantageously cylindrical in shape, separated from one another. 6. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sound outlet openings of the funnels ( 120 , 121 ) lie in one plane. 7. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the driver sound transducers ( 131 , 132 ) of a funnel ( 120 ) are arranged opposite one another in such a way that their circular center axes coincide with the circular central axis of the funnel ( 120 ) and they ( 131 , 132 ) radiate radially into the neck of the funnel ( 120 ). 6. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system and according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the volume between the driver sound transducers ( 131 , 132 ) is designed as an acoustically optimized pressure chamber with regard to transmission bandwidth and linearity of the frequency response, which in its design by the rigid connecting elements ( 150 ) and the volume reduction body ( 170 ), which is advantageously attached to the connection ( 150 ). 9. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edges of the opening surface of the funnel ( 120 ) and that of the housing ( 511 ) are close together, and that they have different geometries, so that sound outlet openings arise, which allows the installation of sound transducers for the lower frequency range ( 533 a-d), which is set back behind the outlet opening of the funnel ( 120 ). 10. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the driver sound transducers ( 631 a-l) arranged in a ring radiate into an adapted funnel ( 620 ), and that these are in one plane with the other sound transducers ( 630 ) of the also adapted funnel ( 621 ) including molded part ( 612 ) and sound transducers ( 533 a-d). 11. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing ( 111 ) has a spherical shape or spherical shape, in which the funnels ( 120 ) / ( 121 ) are positively fitted. 12. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the surface of the housing ( 111 ) additional, in their levels changeable sound transducers ( 135 a-f) and ( 136 a-d) are arranged, the front-side sound transducers ( 135 a-f) are arranged in one plane with the driver sound transducer ( 130 ). 13. Arrangement of sound transducers in a speaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing ( 111 ) in a plane which lies between the driver sound transducers ( 131 , 132 ) is provided on its surface with an annular gap ( 160 ) , radiate on all sides in the directions ( 101 a-d) through the sound transducer ( 133 a-f) / ( 134 a-f), which are arranged opposite one another in pairs inside the housing ( 111 ) and are provided with fastening elements ( 151 a-d). 14. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear of the slot ( 160 ) located housing part ( 211 ) is flattened and formed into a transition piece on a flat surface, which can be a wall or ceiling . 15. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spherical housing ( 311 ) is rotated vertically upwards by 90 ° relative to the embodiment ( 111 ) according to Fig. 1a-c, and that instead of the funnel ( 120 ) / ( 121 ) a sound transducer unit ( 330 ) is arranged, which causes an all-round radiation in the horizontal plane. 16. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the funnel ( 120 ) arranged in the center of the housing ( 411 ) and designed as an all-round radial funnel ( 420 ) and of oppositely arranged driver sound transducers ( 431 , 432 ) is driven, which in turn with. Fastening elements ( 450 ) are connected, to which the volume reduction body ( 470 ) attached in the intermediate space is fastened. 17. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial funnel ( 420 ) by means of a tilting movement, which is preferably accomplished by changing the geometry of the connecting elements ( 450 ), its radial opening area in one direction to the full Closure can be variably reduced in such a way that there is no or less radiation in this direction. 18. Arrangement of loudspeaker boxes ( 701 to 743 ) in a composite (cluster, stack) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loudspeaker boxes ( 701 to 743 ) are arranged and aligned such that their front sides form a concave shape and, that the axes of the main radiation directions of the individual loudspeaker boxes ( 701 ) to ( 743 ) form a common intersection point S, which is located in front of the loudspeaker boxes ( 701 to 743 ). 19. Arrangement of loudspeaker boxes ( 801 to 833 ) in a network (cluster, stack) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the loudspeaker boxes ( 801 to 833 ) are arranged and aligned in such a way that their front sides each have a concave group / convex / straight form and that the axes of the main emission directions of the concavely aligned loudspeaker boxes ( 801 to 803 ) form one or more common intersection (s) S, which (s) is in front of the loudspeaker boxes ( 801 to 833 ) (are located).