DE19854151A1 - Lubricant for the mechanical processing of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

An aromatic alcohol of specified formula is used in lubricants as a stabilizer. Lubricant for the mechanical processing of materials contains a base compound and an additive to physically and/or microbiologically stabilizing the lubricant. The additive is an aromatic alcohol of formula (I). R1 = H or 1-4 C alkyl; R5 = H or 1-4 C alkyl; and m = 0-4.

Description

The present invention relates to a lubricant for the mechanical processing or processing of materials with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and Additive for such a lubricant.

Lubricants to which an additive for physical and / or Microbiological stabilization have been added since known for a long time. Here, these additives serve to the flow liquid or viscous lubricant, which is in the Re gel for oil or fat-containing systems or emulsions thereof acts to impart targeted properties.

So z. B. five to ten years ago the so-called biostable water-miscible cooling lubricants additives added to the base of boric acid or diethanolamine, where  such compositions are practically completely off the market today Have disappeared. There is also an effort to sulfur or phosphorus additives in lubricants as far as possible, this being the case with modern amine-free cooling lubricants largely successful today is.

Through the use of special additives, such as 2- Phenoxyalkanols can be used for lubricants or cooling lubricants have good tribological properties, especially achieve particularly good lubricating, cooling and flushing effects. One via such an additive, in particular one via one 2-phenoxyethanol, stabilized composition has the Advantage on that the related oil or fat zu composition or an emulsion made therefrom due to their physical stabilization by the additive has a long service life of more than two years. Also can usually rely on the use of additional Bactericides are dispensed with, since 2-phenoxyalkanols, esp special 2-phenoxyethanol, bacteriostatic properties be sits and thus the necessary microbiological stabili sation causes or at least with the microbiological Stabilization contributes.

The previously described known additive based on 2- Phenoxyalkanols, especially 2-phenoxyethanol, have ever the disadvantage, however, that under certain conditions it is too small unwanted degradation to phenols can occur, especially when these additives mentioned above or the ge  named additive in lubricants and especially in cooling lubricants are used. Such an un Desired degradation of the phenoxyalkanols and especially the 2- Phenoxyethanol is always to be feared if the Kon concentration of the additive based on 2-phenoxyalkanols, especially 2-phenoxyethanol, in the emulsion below a certain limit concentration, if also a high microbial colonization of the emulsion and if additionally low in oxygen, d. H. anaerobic, areas in the emulsion are present. The latter can occur if the relevant aqueous emulsion of the liquid or Do not mix viscous composition with air for a long time was mixed, which egg for example in aqueous emulsions nes lubricant or cooling lubricant can, if these emulsions due to business interruption not used for a long period of time, so accordingly, no mixing of the emulsions with air takes place.

In addition, lubricants have already been tried Add 3-phenyl-1-propanol to stabilize, however US 5,614,538 comes to the conclusion that such a Additive only gives acceptable antibacterial values, if at the same time with the 3-phenyl-1-propanol another Additive based on pyrithione is present.

The present invention has for its object a Lubricant and preferably a cooling lubricant for Ver to provide a high physical and microbiological  has logical stability and in which it is even under ex treme conditions does not lead to the formation of phenols.

This object is achieved by a lubricant with the characterizing features of claim 1 ge solves.

The lubricant according to the invention comprises a base connection at least one additive to the physical and / or microbiological stabilization of liquid or viscous Composition, wherein the additive is an aromatic alcohol according to formula I.

In this formula I, m is an integer between 0 and 4 and R ₁ to R _{5 are} hydrogen, a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, but R ₁ to R _{5 are} not simultaneously hydrogen.

The lubricant according to the invention has a number of advantages share on. So it should first be noted that the invention appropriate lubricant even under the previously mentioned ex treme conditions, d. H. when anaerobic area occurs non-compliance with certain limit concentrations as with high bacterial colonization, no phenol forms what there is explained by that in the in the invention Lubricant does not contain any additive on the phenyl group  Ether group is present. It was also surprisingly fixed are that in lubricants, especially cooling lubricants or concentrates of cooling lubricants, by using the previously described and in Formula I as of the given additive the concentration of this additive in the Comparison to a conventional additive, especially one those based on phenoxyethanol, significantly reduced could be because the lubricant according to the invention both in terms of physical as well as microbiological Stabilization has better properties than that conventional lubricants. These improved properties of the lubricant according to the invention cause the Use of bactericides in appropriate liquid or viscous lubricant compositions significantly reduced can be, so that such liquid lubricant together settlements, especially the aforementioned cooling lubricants substances or cooling lubricant concentrates, mostly whole Lich renounce such bactericides. Furthermore, in such compositions even dispense with fungicides if the additive described in formula I in the corresponding composition in the required con concentration is included. One should for special reasons do not want to do without the fungicides, at least least by using the additive described in formula I. the concentration of these fungicides in the invention Lubricant reduced.

This is because that in the lubricant according to the invention additive according to formula I as very safe  has been classified in terms of its toxicological data the lubricant additives according to the invention formulated herewith safe to use compositions. That is also in that Additive contained lubricant according to the invention in corre sp appropriate dilution very readily biodegradable and prepared no problems in biological sewage treatment plants, especially when it comes to biodegradation in the corresponding sewage treatment plants none Phenol is formed. It was also found that the additive according to formula I is easily lubricated substances, cooling lubricant concentrates and cooling lubricants can be incorporated, in addition to those already listed above Advantages in this case the additive formulated herewith Lubricants according to the invention not only microbiologically but also physically stabilized. This is going to attributed that the addition of the additive according to formula I the Solubility of other components in lubricants, Coolants and coolant concentrates are improved, so that this is concrete compositions mentioned by the presence of such a additives are particularly good physically and microbiologically are stabilized and therefore have a long shelf life exhibit.

Lubricants are within the scope of the present application lubricants that are miscible or immiscible with water understand that applied immediately without dilution with water become. Coolant concentrates can either directly or after adding water, the latter then referred to as water-mixed cooling lubricants  are.

As already stated above, the fiction moderate lubricant for mechanical processing or processing processing of materials used, the term work material, in particular materials made of metal, plastic, glass or ceramic, while the term processing or Processing includes all the steps involved in a Machining or non-cutting processing, for example with Drilling, cutting, grinding, milling, punching, turning, Rei ben, thread forming and drilling, broaching or the like. Here, the lubricant according to the invention causes a Cooling and / or lubrication is brought about, so that in particular special wear of the tools is suppressed that corrosion protection of tools and / or work pieces is very temporary and that metal dust and chips be performed.

If the additive according to formula I for the stabilization of ent speaking lubricant emulsions that are present preferably around lubricants, coolant concentrates or Coolant acts, used, so could also are surprisingly found to depend on each Components of this previously mentioned composition even the emulsions contained in these compositions gates can be reduced in concentration, without the problem that such, over the additive according to formula I stabilized compositions segregated. Even with such compositions without  The presence of this additive shows a clear segregation ten, it was found that adding egg ner correspondingly reduced amount of in the invented additive contained in the lubricant according to the invention permanent mixing of all components of the composition took place, whereby the effectiveness of the additive according to formula I regarding physical stabilization of the inventions lubricant according to the invention demonstrated particularly clearly could be.

This is because that in the lubricant according to the invention Additive contained an aromatic alcohol of the previous specified composition, exists between this Additive and other additives containing alcoholic OH groups contain a high tolerance. This in turn leads that the contained in the lubricant according to the invention tene additive according to formula I with other alcoholic OH Additive groups has a synergistic effect, so that already a relatively low concentration of the additive Formula I and the aforementioned additives with alcohol The OH groups provide excellent flow stabilization sig or viscous lubricant composition, in particular for cooling lubricants or cooling lubricant concentrates, brings about.

The advantages specifically mentioned above always occur on if the additive according to formula I with other additives based on alkyl glycols, especially ethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol,  Diethylene glycol and / or triethylene glycol, in corresponding Lubricants, cooling lubricant concentrates and / or cooling Lubricants is used, which is in the Invention additive contained in the lubricant is equally well tolerated with such other additives that is based on monoal alkyl ethers, for example methyl diglycol, ethyl diglycol, Propyl diglycol, butyl diglycol and / or derivatives or oligo built up of the propylene glycol and / or the glycerol are.

Although the reproduced in formula I and in the fiction according lubricant containing additive with many different built additives is compatible and hereby partially even has a synergistic effect, however surprisingly in a variety of applications shown that the sole presence of the additive according to formula I above the lubricant provided with it, in particular the cooling lubricant or Coolant concentrate, an excellent physical and gives microbiological stability, as follows is still documented in the specific embodiments. Therefore, a particularly suitable embodiment of the Lubricant according to the invention the additive according to formula I. as the only additive to physical and microbiological Stabilization of the lubricant.

This is preferred in the lubricant according to the invention Additive containing a structure like this one below is represented by the formula II.  

In the formula II, R ₃ , R ₄ , R _{5 represent} a hydrogen and / or a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, but at the same time not all hydrogen and o an integer between 0 and 4.

In particular, the substituent R ₅ , which is in particular a linear C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, occupies an ortho or para position in the formulas I and II.

Particularly suitable embodiments of the lubricant according to the invention have the following specific compounds as an additive:
1-phenyl-2-propanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-2-propanol, 2-phenyl-1-propanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl-1-propanol, 1- Phenyl-2-propanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1-phenyl-2-propanol, 3-phenyl-2-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-3-phenyl-2-butanol, 2-phenyl- 1-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl-1-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-4-phenyl-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-2-methyl-1-propanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-phenyl-2-methyl-1-propanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1-phenyl-2-methyl-1-propano1, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-5-phenyl-1-pentano1, 5-phenyl-2-pentano1, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-5-phenyl-2-pentanol, 5-phenyl-3-pentanol (= 1 -Phenyl-3-pentanol), C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-5-phenyl-3-pentanol, 1-phenyl-2-pentanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol, 2 -Phenyl-1-pentanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-1-pentanol, 2-phenyl-3-methyl-1-butanol, C ₁ - C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-3-methyl -1-butanol, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-1-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-phenyl-2-methyl-1-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-3-phenyl-2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-Ph enyl-2-methyl-1-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl-2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-phenyl-2-methyl-1-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl- 1-phenyl-2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-phenyl-3-methyl-2-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-3-phenyl-3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-phenyl-3- methyl-2-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-3-methyl-2-butanol, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-2-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1-phenyl- 3-methyl-2-butanol, 1-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol, 3-phenyl-2-methyl-2- butanol, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-3-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol, 4-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol and / or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-4-phenyl-2- methyl-2-butanol, where the alkyl groups mentioned above are preferably linear alkyl groups and are provided in the ortho or para position.

Particularly good properties with regard to physical and microbiological stabilization of the respective embodiment of the lubricant according to the invention, in particular the cooling lubricant concentrate or the cooling lubricant, are possessed by additives which are chemically known as a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1- propanol, a 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl- 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanol, a 1-phenyl 1-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-butanol, a 4-phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol, a 2- Phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl-2-butanol, a 5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-5-phenyl-3-pentanol 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-pentanol and / or derivatives thereof are to be addressed.

Concerning the concentration at which the previously described Additive in the liquid or viscous according to the invention Lubricant composition, especially in the cooling lubricant concentrate or in the cooling lubricant, is present, it should be noted that this concentration varies according to the because liquid or viscous composition is aimed. In general, it should be noted that especially with re relatively unstable lubricant compositions that also should have a long storage time, higher concentration tions of the additive according to formula I or the above kon cret mentioned type should be provided while stable in itself Lubricant compositions that ver need relatively low concentrations of this addi tivs usually have. Preferably the con varies concentration of the additive according to formula I or those above specifically mentioned kind in the liquid or viscous inventions lubricant composition according to the invention between 0.5% by weight and 20 wt .-%, in particular between 3 wt .-% and 18 wt .-%, each because related to the ready-to-use lubricant settlement.

As has already been described several times, this is the Lubricant according to the invention in particular around a cooling lubricant or a cooling lubricant concentrate. Here is one under the term cooling lubricant concentrate Understand product that is applied directly itself either  is or in particular by adding water in the ent Talking ready-to-use coolant transferred is such a water-miscible cooling lubricant concentrate or a water-miscible cooling lubricant in addition the at least one basic connection and the one previously described benen embodiments of the additive still preferably minde least contains an emulsifier.

Depending on the field of application of the invention Lubricant, especially the coolant concentrate or the coolant already mixed with water, the chemical composition of that contained varies Emulsifier. Preferably a non-ionic and / or anionic emulsifier the lubricant according to the invention or added to the cooling lubricant concentrate according to the invention, the corresponding cooling lubricant mixed with water then such an anionic and / or non-ionic substance has emulsifier.

As non-ionic emulsifiers in the invention Lubricant, the cooling lubricant concentrate according to the invention kicked or the coolant already mixed with water are alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated Fatty alcohols, alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated fat acids and / or alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated Al kyl aryl compounds and / or alkoxylated, especially eth oxylated, alkyl / arylphosphoric acid esters.

Preferred anionic emulsifiers are such emulsifiers  is based on an alkali soap, an alkanolamine soap, a petroleum sulfonate, a sulfated fatty acid esters and / or an alkanolamine are built up.

Concrete emulsifiers, in particular those present in the lubricant, cooling lubricant or cooling lubricant concentrate according to the invention, are the C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols or C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acids which are ethoxylated in particular with 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide. Castor oil ethoxylates which are ethoxylated with 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide, alkylphenol ethoxylates which are ethoxylated with 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide, C ₁₈ -C ₂₂ potassium carboxylates, ammonium carboxylates with monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminobutanol or monoisopropanolamine, sodium alkylbenzenesulfates with a molecular weight between 350 and 500, and tall oil fatty acid monoethanolamide a high compatibility with the previously described embodiments of the additive according to the invention, so that these specific emulsifiers are particularly preferably present in the lubricant according to the invention.

Concerning the concentration of the emulsifier in the invented appropriate lubricant is present, that this concentration between 0.5 wt .-% and 50 wt .-%, ins in particular between 3% by weight and 30% by weight, based on the ready-to-use lubricant varies.

With a suitable development of the invention Lubricant also has at least one Corrosion protection component. This is ins  especially about alkali soap, alkanolamine soap, petroleum sulphate fonate, alkanolamides, alkoxylated alkyl / aryl phosphoric acid ester, organic boron compounds, alkali or ammonium salts of amidocarboxylic acids, thiophosphoric esters and Salts, alkyl succinic acid derivatives and / or alkyl imidazoles.

Especially when the lubricant according to the invention as a corrosion protection component is a potassium carboxylate, preferably of a C ₇ -C ₁₂ and / or a C ₁₈ -C ₂₂ carboxylic acid, an ammonium carboxylate, in particular the aforementioned carboxylic acids, a sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, preferably with egg nem Molecular weight between 350 and 500, a tall oil fatty acid monoethanolamide, an ammonium borate with monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminobutanol and / or monoisopropanolamine, a sulfonamidocarboxylic acid, a di alkyldithiophosphate, preferably a C ₃ -C ₈ dialkyldithio phosphate, a succinic acid derivative and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds / or has calcium sulfonates, such an embodiment of the lubricant according to the invention is highly effective in relation to the corrosion protection required in the mechanical processing of metallic materials.

The concentration of the corrosion protection preferably varies component in the ready-to-use lubricant between 3 % By weight and 50% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 30 % By weight.

In addition to the basic compound and the Additi described above  ven according to the formulas I and II or the previously specified led additives, the emulsifiers and the corrosion protection components are other embodiments of the preferred lubricant according to the invention, in which the Lubricant according to the invention further additives in a con concentration between 0.2 wt .-% and 30 wt .-%, each based on the ready-to-use lubricant formulation. These other additives are in particular: such additives that the lubricant at a high application protect pressure and / or wear and tear for me mechanical metalworking tools other. Here are particular additions that are in Expert groups are also named as EP / AW additives, fatty acid esters, especially native, synthetic and / or welded Felt native or synthetic esters, sulfurized coals hydrogen, sulfurized fatty acid esters, chlorinated paraffins, Phosphorus derivatives, sulfur-phosphorus derivatives, thiophosphorus acid esters and their salts, polyalkylene glycol and / or fat to call amides.

Such EP / AW additives, which are based on rapeseed oil, blown rapeseed oil, sulfurized rapeseed oil, polymer esters of the trimethylolpropane type, sulfurized hydrocarbons with sulfur bridges with 3 to 5 sulfur atoms, dialkyldithiophosphates, in particular C ₃ - C, impart particularly good properties _8- Dialkyldithiophosphates, oleyl alcohols and / or tall oil fatty acid monoethanolamide are built up.

Furthermore, fun can still occur in the lubricant according to the invention  gicides, bactericides, defoamers, antioxidants, non-ferrous metals deactivators, solubilizers, anti-fog additives and / or Odor improvers may be included, but in particular regarding the concentration of fungicides and bactericides It should be noted that these products are partially or completely dig by the inventive additive described above can be replaced. As specific additions to the above mentioned types are in particular boric acid and its salts, Isothiazolinones, sodium pyrion, siloxane defoamers, di- tert-butyl-hydroxytoluene, benzotriazole, ethylhexanediol, poly propylene glycols, polymethacrylates, phosphonates and / or to name fragrances.

As already stated at the outset, the fiction, lubricant has a basic connection, this Ba sis connection can be constructed differently. In one In the most specialized case, the lubricant according to the invention contains Basic compound water as well as the additive according to of the formulas I and II or those specifically mentioned above Type, with at least one anti-corrosion protection component can be included.

So is another group of the invention Lubricants in the lubricant according to the invention as Ba Sis compound at least one mineral oil, at least one Fatty acid esters, at least one glycol, at least one poly contain glycol and / or at least one fatty alcohol, wherein especially naphthenic mineral oils, paraffin-based mineral oils, aromatic mineral oils, white oils,  Poly [α] olefins, sulfurized hydrocarbons, chlorine paraffins, native esters, preferably vegetable and / or animal triglycerides, synthetic fatty acid esters, esp special mono- and / or dicarboxylic acid esters, synthetic poly carboxylic acid esters, synthetic polyesters, synthetic com plexester and / or synthetic triglycerides, preferably medium-chain triglycerides, sulfurized native and / or syn contain synthetic esters. These also include rapeseed oil, modified rape oil, castor oil, castor oil derivatives, trimethyl olpropanoic acid esters, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, poly ethylene glycol, amine ethoxylates and / or polyamine ethoxylates. In the case of polyethylene glycols, there are in particular polyethylene glycol kol, preferably with an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide ratio nis of 1/0 and a molecular weight of 200 ± 20, poly ethylene glycol 600 with an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide ratio nis of 1/0 and a molecular weight of 600 ± 60 and a Polyethylene glycol, which is sold under the trade name B11 / 300 is available and an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide ratio of 1/1 and has a molecular weight of 300 ± 40 call.

Preferred fatty alcohols are cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and Guebert alcohols (α-branched alcohols), where especially oleyl alcohol with an iodine value between 90 and 95 as the base compound of the lubricant according to the invention gives excellent properties.

If the lubricant according to the invention has at least one mineral oil as the base compound, it is particularly advantageous if this mineral oil has a viscosity between 2 and 1,500 mm ² / s and a density between 800 kg / m ³ and 950 kg / m ³ , the Viscosity values at 40 ° C and density values at 15 ° C can be determined.

Regarding the embodiments of the invention Lubricant in which at least one as a basic connection Mineral oil is present, it is also recommended that here is selected for a mineral oil whose aromatic content less than 10% by weight, the content of polycyclic aroma less than 3% by weight and its concentration Benz [a] pyrene is less than 3 ppm.

On the other hand, if the lubricant according to the invention contains at least one of the aforementioned native and / or synthetic fatty acid esters as the base compound, the viscosity of the fatty acid ester advantageously varies between 20 mm ² / s and 100 mm ² / s, while the neutralization number is in particular less than 15 , the viscosity values being measured at 40 ° C.

Such embodiments of the lubricant according to the invention fes as the basic compound at least one glycol and / or contain at least one polyglycol, preferably have sol che products on which the molecular weight of the glycol or polyglycol varies between 60 and 30,000.

For other embodiments of the lubricant according to the invention material in which min  contains at least one fatty alcohol has turned out to be special advantageously shown that the relevant fatty alcohol Has an iodine number between 40 and 130.

As has already been repeatedly stated above, it acts in particular with the lubricant according to the invention such a lubricant, which is a miscible with water or mixed cooling lubricant, in a particular ders advantageous embodiment of this variant of the inventions coolant according to the invention then the previously listed Basic compounds as droplets with a size smaller than 100 nm, in particular with a size between 90 nm and 35 nm. Such a water miscible or mixed cooling lubricant can also be used as a microemulsion be drawn.

In particular, it should be noted that the additive according to For meln I and II as well as the specific type mentioned above preferably in amine-free lubricants, amine-free Cooling lubricant concentrates and / or amine-free cooling lubricants fabrics is used.

The present invention further relates to an additive for physical and / or microbiological stabilization a lubricant, especially a cooling lubricant con concentrate or a cooling lubricant, the above be type. Here, the additive according to the invention has which is an aromatic alcohol, a composition on as described in detail above and below  is represented by the formula I.

In the formula I, R ₁ to R _{5 are} hydrogen, a linear and / or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group and m is an integer between 0 and 4, but R ₁ to R _{5 is} not simultaneously hydrogen.

The additive according to the invention has all the advantages, such as they above in connection with the invention Lubricant are described so that how to avoid reference is made to the above statements, which also apply analogously to the additive according to the invention.

In particular, it should be noted briefly that the additive according to the invention does not form any phenols, if within the lubricant with a high germ count delung anaerobic conditions prevail and when the conc tration of the previously described and in formulas I and II reproduced additive according to the invention in the lubricant falls below a predetermined limit. As another pre is part, as already mentioned above with the advantages of inventions lubricant according to the invention has been identified keep that in the presence of the additive according to the invention in Lubricant to add bactericides and / or fun giziden can largely be dispensed with, that the invent lubricant according to the invention at least with regard to the additive  is very readily biodegradable without the biological Degradation phenols are formed and that in all übli Chen lubricants that reproduced in formulas I and II bene can easily incorporate additive according to the invention, without segregation occurring. In addition to the be already listed previously with the lubricant according to the invention Ten advantages is to be noted as a further advantage that the lubricant mixed with the additive according to the invention of such lubricants in which this invention Additive is not present, especially as a result decides that the added with the additive according to the invention Lubricant an even and constant distribution of droplets of the base compound, whereby the over excellent lubricating effect of the additive according to the invention offset lubricant compared to conventional Lubricants during mechanical processing or processing processing of materials, in particular materials made of Me tall, plastic, glass or ceramic. This Advantage is also particularly evident when the lubricant mixed with the additive according to the invention Coolant or a coolant concentrate is where then preferred with such a coolant concentrate as ver with the formation of the cooling lubricant with water is mixed.

The additive according to the invention preferably has one Structure on how this is reflected by structural formula II give is.  

In the formula II, R ₃ , R ₄ , R _{5 represent} a hydrogen and / or a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, but at the same time not all hydrogen and o an integer between 0 and 4.

In particular, the additive according to the invention is a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1-phenyl-1- ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-propanol, a 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl -2-propanol, a C ₁ - C ₄ alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanol, a 1-phenyl-1-butanol, a C ₁ - C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-butanol, a 4 -Phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol, a 2-phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ - C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-2-butanol, a 5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a 1-phenyl-1-pentanol and / or a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl- 1-pentanol or a mixture of the aforementioned compounds.

To avoid further repetitions, go to the previous one reproduced explanations of the lubrication according to the invention referenced substance, which is also analog for the invention Additive apply.

The lubricant according to the invention or the one according to the invention In the following, additives are used based on exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.  

Embodiments 1-3

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual techniques, the following with 1 to 3 designated cooling lubricants on the following composition grasslands:

Table 1

The cooling lubricants contained 1-3 as an additive for microbiological and physical stabilization 4- (Ethylphenyl) benzyl alcohol in three different concentrations trations, which are given in Table 1 above.  

Embodiments 4-6

Three cooling lubricant compositions were created according to the usual techniques, the cooling lubricants designated below with 4 to 6 having the following composition:

Table 2

The cooling lubricants contained 4 to 6 as an additive for microbiological and physical stabilization 2- (o- Methylphenyl) ethanol in three different concentrations nen, which are given in Table 2 above.  

Embodiments 7-9

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual techniques, the following with 7 to 9 designated cooling lubricants on the following composition grasslands:

Table 3

The cooling lubricants contained 7 to 9 as an additive for microbiological and physical stabilization 1- Phenyl-1-propanol in three different concentrations, which are given in Table 3 above.  

Embodiments 10-12

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual Lichen techniques created, the following with 10 to 12 designated cooling lubricants the following composition had:

Table 4

The cooling lubricants contained 10 to 12 as Addi tiv for microbiological and physical stabilization 1-phenyl-2-propanol in three different concentrations nen, which are given in Table 4 above.  

Embodiments 13-15

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual techniques created, the following with 13 to 15 designated cooling lubricants the following composition had:

Table 5

The cooling lubricants contained 13 to 15 as Addi tiv for microbiological and physical stabilization 2-phenyl-2-propanol in three different concentrations nen, which are given in Table 5 above.  

Embodiments 16-18

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual techniques created, the following with 16 to 18 designated cooling lubricants the following composition had:

Table 6

The cooling lubricants contained 16 to 18 as Addi tiv for microbiological and physical stabilization 2-phenyl-1-propanol in three different concentrations nen, which are given in Table 6 above.  

Embodiments 19-21

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual techniques created, the following with 19 to 21 designated cooling lubricants the following composition had:

Table 7

The cooling lubricants 19 to 21 contained as Addi tiv for microbiological and physical stabilization 2-phenyl-2-butanol in three different concentrations, which are given in Table 7 above.  

Embodiments 22-24

There were three coolant compositions according to the usual techniques created, the following with 22 to 24 designated cooling lubricants the following composition had:

Table 8

The cooling lubricants contained 22 to 24 as Addi tiv for microbiological and physical stabilization 3-phenyl-2-butanol in three different concentrations, which are given in Table 8 above.  

Embodiments 25-33

To make a comparison to those previously described Having embodiments 1-24 were nine cooling Lubricants 25-33 manufactured, this cooling lubricant fabrics 25-33 as an additive different, not in the frame additives claimed in the present application or none Had additive, as shown in the following tables 9a to 9c are reproduced.

The composition of the cooling lubricants 25-33 is in the the following tables 9a to 9c.

Table 9a

Table 9b

Table 9c

To the cooling lubricants 1-33 mentioned above note that for the production of these cooling lubricants the same mineral oils, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, Petroleum sulfonates, aliphatic fatty acids, KOH 45, Ent foamer and non-ferrous metal inhibitors were used, whereby the con only in the embodiments 1-24 concentration and the chemical structure of the respective additive, which, however, is always a phenyl alcohol before acted, differentiated, while rend in the embodiments 25-33 this additive due to the conventional additive phenoxyethanol, 2,2-dimethyl- 3-phenyl-1-propanol and the linear alcohols 3-Phe nyl-1-propanol and 4-phenyl-1-butanol was replaced or none Additive contained.  

To demonstrate the effectiveness of the additive according to the invention were the previously described cooling lubricants 1-33 each because immediately after their manufacture as well as after one Storage period of six months examined. Here was in Rah men of this investigation, the dispersity of a 1% aqueous fresh emulsion with the "Zeta-Master" (from Malvern) Right. Furthermore, the phenol content through Capillary zone electrophoresis measured. Evidence of anti microbial effectiveness was due to the decrease in the level ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and determination the mushrooms and yeast colonization using dip-slids from the company Easycult. The luminometer "HY- LITE "(Merck) used, measured after dilution of each Weil to be examined emulsion in a ratio of 1: 100 with what ser.

For the test series to check the antimicrobial effectiveness, 95 g of a 2%, highly contaminated standard emulsion were mixed with 5 g of the cooling lubricant concentrates 1-33 in question, the standard emulsion having a total bacterial count of at least 10 ⁷ colony-forming units / ml using the previously mentioned dip slides at 24 h incubation time and 30 ° C. Furthermore, the standard emulsion contained the maximum amount of fungi and yeasts detectable with these dip slides. The ATP content of the standard emulsion corresponded to 2,300,000 RLE (relative light units).

After a dwell time of 48 h, 72 h and 96 h at room temperature the other ATP measurements and the Determination of the fungal colonization. To prove them the dip slides wetted with the respective cooling lubricant incubated for 120 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C. The yeast infestation was determined after 96 hours of exposure time under the same incubation conditions as for mushrooms specified.

The phenol content in fresh emulsions due to the high The purity of the phenoxyethanol used was <1 ppm, according to an exposure time of 48 h again.

After a storage period of six months at room temperature became a large part of the cooling lubricants listed above 1-33 examined again.

The measurement results are in Tables I to VIII below reproduced.

A. Results immediately after manufacture

Table I

Determination of the dispersity of fresh emulsions and the phenol content after an exposure time of 48 h

Table II

ATP measurements and determination of fungal attack after an exposure time of 48 h

Table III

ATP measurements and determination of fungal attack after an exposure time of 72 h

Table IV

ATP measurements and determination of fungal attack after an exposure time of 96 h

Table V

Evaluation of the yeast colonization after 96 h exposure

B. Results after 6 months of storage at room temperature

Table VI

Determination of the dispersity of fresh emulsions and the phenol content after an exposure time of 48 h

Table VII

ATP measurements and determination of fungal attack after an exposure time of 72

Table VIII

Evaluation of the yeast colonization after 96 h exposure

Embodiments 34-37

There were four other lubricants 34-37 after the usual Chen created techniques, the lubricants 34-37 die Components shown in Table 10 had:

Table 10

The lubricant according to embodiment 35 contained as Additive 1-phenyl-1-propanol, while in the embodiment 37 was included as an additive 1-phenyl-2-propanol.

The respective lubricant was used immediately after manufacture position visually assessed. It should be noted that the lubricants at a lubricant temperature of 50 ° C 34 and 36 showed phase separation while the lubrication substances 35 and 37 produce a homogeneous, clear liquid formed.

The lubricants were at a lubricant temperature of 20 ° C substances 34 and 36 cloudy, while the lubricants 35 and 37 remained clear.

The lubricants were at a lubricant temperature of 0 ° C fabrics 34 and 36 remain cloudy while the lubrication fabrics 35 and 37 remained clear.

Embodiments 38-41

There were four lubricants 38-41 according to the usual tech niken created, the lubricants 38-41 the in Ta belle 11 components shown:  

Table 11

The lubricant according to embodiment 39 contained as Additive 1-phenyl-1-propanol, while in the embodiment 41 was included as an additive 1-phenyl-2-propanol.

The respective lubricant was used immediately after manufacture position visually assessed. It should be noted that the lubricants at a lubricant temperature of 50 ° C 38 and 40 showed phase separation while the lubrication substances 39 and 41 formed a homogeneous, clear liquid.

The lubricants were at a lubricant temperature of 20 ° C substances 38 and 40 cloudy, while the lubricants 39 and 41 remained clear.  

All information given in Tables 1 to 11 on the Individual components of the cooling lubricants or lubricants represent weight percent.

Claims (26)

1. Lubricant for mechanical processing or processing of materials containing at least one basic compound and at least one additive for physical and / or microbiological stabilization of the lubricant based on an aromatic alcohol, characterized in that the additive is an aromatic alcohol Formula I is
and that in formula I
R ₁ to R _{5 are} hydrogen, a linear and / or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group and
m is an integer between 0 and 4, but R ₁ to R _{5 are} not simultaneously hydrogen. 2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricant as an additive to physical and / or mi Crobiological stabilization a single additive on the Basis of formula I contains. 3. Lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additive has the chemical structural formula
has, wherein in formula II
R ₃ , R ₄ , R _{5 is} a hydrogen and / or a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, but not all hydrogen and
o mean an integer between 0 and 4. 4. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive is a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ - Alkyl-1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-propanol, a 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ - C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propanol, a 1-phenyl-1-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1- phenyl-1-butanol, a 4-phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol, a 2-phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl- 2-phenyl-2-butanol, a 5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a 1-phenyl-1-pentanol and / or a C ₁ -C _4- alkyl-1-phenyl-1-pen tanol. 5. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, since characterized in that in the lubricant or in a appropriate lubricant concentrate the additive in a Concentration between 0.5% and 20% by weight, preferably in a concentration between 3 wt .-% and 18 wt .-%, existing that is. 6. Lubricant according to claim 5, characterized in that the lubricant is a cooling lubricant. 7. Lubricant according to claim 6, characterized in that the lubricant is a water-miscible cooling lubricant and further contains at least one emulsifier. 8. Lubricant according to claim 7, characterized in that a non-ionic and / or anionic in the lubricant Emulsifier is present. 9. Lubricant according to claim 7 or 8, characterized records that in the lubricant as a nonionic emulsifier Tor an alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated fatty alcohol hol, an alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated fatty acid and / or an alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated alkyl Aryl compound and / or an alkoxylated, in particular  ethoxylated, alkyl / aryl phosphoric acid ester is present. 10. Lubricant according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized characterized in that in the lubricant as an anionic emul gator an alkali soap, an alkanolamine soap, a petroleum sulfonate, a sulfated fatty acid ester and / or an alka nolamine is included. 11. Lubricant according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized characterized in that the concentration of the emulsifier between 0.5% by weight and 50% by weight, preferably between 3% by weight and 30 % By weight, based on the ready-to-use lubricant or varies on the coolant concentrate. 12. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, there characterized in that the lubricant further min least has an anti-corrosion component. 13. Lubricant according to claim 12, characterized in that that the concentration of the corrosion protection component in ready-to-use lubricant between 3% by weight and 50 % By weight, in particular between 5% by weight and 30% by weight, varies. 14. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, there characterized in that the lubricant further additives in contains a concentration between 0.2% by weight and 30% by weight, the other additives the lubricant at a high Protect application pressure and / or wear of the prevent tools used in metalworking.   15. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, there characterized in that the lubricant still contains fungicides, Bactericides, defoamers, antioxidants, non-ferrous metal inhibitors ren, solubilizers, anti-fog additives, and / or Odor improvers are included. 16. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the lubricant as a base compound at least one mineral oil, at least one fatty acid ester, at least one glycol, at least one polyglycol and / or has at least one fatty alcohol. 17. Lubricant according to claim 16, characterized in that the lubricant as a base compound has at least one mineral oil with a viscosity between 2 and 1,500 mm ² / s and a density between 800 kg / m ³ and 950 kg / m ³ . 18. Lubricant according to claim 16 or 17, characterized records that the lubricant as a basic compound at least a mineral oil with an aromatic content of less than 10% by weight, a content of polycyclic aromatics less than 3% by weight and a concentration of benz [a] pyrene less than 3 ppm points. 19. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lubricant contains as a base compound at least one native and / or synthetic fatty acid ester, the viscosity of the fatty acid ester varying between 20 mm ² / s to 100 mm ² / s and the Neutralization number is less than 15. 20. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, there characterized in that the lubricant as a base compound tion contains at least one glycol and / or polyglycol, wherein the molecular weight of the glycol or polyglycol between 60 and 30,000 varies. 21. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, there characterized in that the lubricant as a base compound tion contains at least one fatty alcohol, the iodine number of the fatty alcohol varies between 40 and 130. 22. Lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, there characterized in that the lubricant is a with water is mixed cooling lubricant and the basic connection in the Coolant as droplets with a size smaller than 100 nm is present. 23. Lubricant according to claim 22, characterized in that that the droplets of the cooling lubricant have a size between 90 nm and 35 nm. 24. Additive for the physical and / or microbiological stabilization of a lubricant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the additive is an aromatic alcohol of formula I.
and that in formula I
R ₁ to R _{5 are} hydrogen, a linear and / or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group and
m is an integer between 0 and 4, but R ₁ to R _{5 are} not simultaneously hydrogen. 25. Additive according to claim 24, characterized in that the additive has the chemical structural formula
has, wherein in formula II
R ₃ , R ₄ , R _{5 is} a hydrogen and / or a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group, but not all hydrogen and
o mean an integer between 0 and 4. 26. Additive according to one of claims 24 or 25, characterized in that the additive is a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-2-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -Alkyl-1-phenyl-1-ethanol, a 1-phenyl-1-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1-phenyl-1-propanol, a 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ - C ₄ -alkyl-2-phenyl-2-propanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-3-phenyl-1-propano1, a 1-phenyl-1-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-1 -phenyl-1-butanol, a 4-phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol, a 2-phenyl-2-butanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -Alkyl-2-phenyl-2-butanol, a 5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl-5-phenyl-3-pentanol, a 1-phenyl-1-pentanol and / or a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl-1-phenyl-1-penta nol.