DE19800686A1 - Biochemical filter material for large installations - Google Patents

Abstract

Filter material for biochemical, or mechanical, filtration elements, consisting principally of organic raw materials, in particular with peat as a base. These filters would be used for adsorption and absorption of gases, aerosols and fluids of varying viscosity. Preferably the base material, peat, is mixed with other natural materials such as pine bark, hemp, cellulose, humus concentrate etc. to form a complex mixture, to which mineral or chemical sorption materials may be added to increase the sorption capacity. Mechanical processing methods are chosen which will preserve, if not enhance, the properties of these natural materials.

Description

The invention relates to the development of filter materials / filters / filter elements for the production of sorptive mats and large filters from natural raw materials great biological, biochemical, physical and mechanical Sorption capabilities.

The simultaneous course of different sorption processes in these materials is Basis for a versatile use of the invention.

This invention is applicable inter alia

• - As a filter in stationary filter systems that purify the air from Serve dust, aerosols, odor control;
• - as mats for absorbing oil, diesel, acids and alkalis or for binding of gases as a result of accidents in business premises and transport;
• - for cleaning and delimitation of open water (Port facilities, bathing beaches, water tapping points);
• - for the pre-cleaning of industrial water and waste water in feed and discharge pipes;
• - to reactivate the circulating air in workshops;
• - for binding exhaust gases at petrol stations etc.

The wide application is secured by

• - Sorptive mats
• - tubular filters
• - filter cartridges

There are currently a large number of filters and filter systems. However, their use is very limited, since their effect mostly on the use of chemical substances or on pure mechanical or mechanical-physical sorption is based.

To the well-known and proven absorbents made of natural Raw materials include wood and activated carbon. In the production of activated carbon The peat mass is heavily decomposed by chemical and thermal Treatment changed so that the activated carbon compared to its starting product peat has a much larger surface and thus a much larger sorption. However, this also reduces the range of effectiveness of the activated carbon compared to Peat mass, because in the process of converting the peat into activated carbon the natural and biological or biochemical properties are completely destroyed. Of further, the manufacturing process of activated carbon is very costly and energy-intensive, which is why the use of activated carbon is economical Considerations remain limited to stationary plants.

For the purification of the air and of water outside of closed systems the choice of funds is very limited. Gases and liquid media are spreading especially in the event of an accident on the ground or in the atmosphere, as it is on Appropriate means for combating pollutants are missing.

The aim of this invention is to develop a sorptive material for mats and filters made from natural raw materials - such as peat, softwood bark, hemp plant, Cellulose u. a. - which is not the natural (limited) properties of the Maintains raw materials, but their efficiency and effectiveness through pure mechanical treatment and addition of extracts significantly increased.  

The above is solved. Tasks through the use of peat as the main raw material.

By nature, peat has a heterogeneous structure. To be receptive to Liquids (water capacity) increase its miscibility with other substances and to improve the formability of the (dry) peat material the weakly decomposed peat (H3-H5) is crushed and fractionated via a screening plant. This transforms the originally heterogeneous structure of the peat into an almost homogeneous one transformed.

Dry, heavily decomposed peat (H6-H8) is used to increase biochemical activity ground in peat mills. The peat flour is made with human concentrates (extract from renewable plants) enriched and with the addition of strongly decomposed (freshly mined) peat processed into a plastically formable mass. Through the Further processing - for example, into tubular pellets - becomes the active one Surface area increased further and thus the physical sorption capacity increased.

After the processing of weakly and strongly decomposed peat both types of peat to a sorptive material, which is characterized by a high efficiency and distinguishes a wide range of effects.

The material has the natural property of odor binding.

The absorption capacity for liquid media exceeds 10 times its dry weight weight. When the filter material dries below 15% water content, the material becomes irreversible hydrophoric. This means that bodies of water can be cleaned without the Filter material that binds water itself.

The biological activity of the material is determined by the content of approx. 200 million Microorganisms determined per gram of material. The physical sorption ability this material is larger than that of charcoal.

Depending on the application, the base material (made of peat) can be combined with others Materials - preferably organic materials such as softwood bark, cork, Wood chips, cellulose hemp plant - can be combined. Even porous materials  made of mineral substances can be used as additives.

For the production of filters for installation in stationary systems as well as mats for variable use, this becomes peat according to its purpose (Base material) and aggregates mixed filter material in the desired shape pressed, covered or interspersed with fleece or network, or in another suitable Fashion.

Fig. 1 shows hose-like filter (a), the mesh cover of which is filled with filter material. These net hoses are attached to a rope (b) and form, for example, floating barriers in open water with absorbing properties of any length to delimit water surfaces of different quality (c, d).

The floating barrier is stationed here by anchors (e).

The use of these hoses is also useful for the containment of Flood damage, especially to limit interruptions flooded areas.

Fig. 2 shows a reusable cassette (a) filled with filter material. These can be set up individually, but also as walls.

They are used, for example

• - for cleaning and regeneration of the air at petrol stations and workshops by means of cassette walls (b),
• - for cleaning open flowing water using permeable dams (c), the thickness of the dam wall the flow time and thus the Degree of cleaning determined.

With a "floating" wall (d) made of filter cartridges, the on the Water surface pollutants floating and those in the upper water layer floating and dissolved pollutants are eliminated.

The use of these filters is ecologically completely harmless. The filter material can can be recycled after disposal or disposed of without any problems.

Claims (5)

1. Biochemically, physically and mechanically acting filter materials / filters / filter elements for adsorption and absorption of gases, aerosols, viscous and liquid media from natural raw materials, preferably as peat Basic material. 2. Filter materials / filters / filter elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural sorptive properties of the natural raw materials Mechanical machining and processing not only remain intact, but in a targeted manner to be activated. 3. Filter materials / filters / filter elements according to claim 1, 2 marked in that the natural sorptive properties of the natural raw materials Addition of human concentrates can be increased. 4. Filter materials / filters / filter elements according to claim 1, 2, 3 characterized in that the sorption capacity of the base material (preferably peat) increased by adding mineral and / or chemical sorbents becomes. 5. Filter materials / filters / filter elements according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 characterized in that the base material peat with other natural Raw materials such as softwood bark, hemp plant, cellulose and. at the. to a complex sorptive filter material is mixed.