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DE19706833A1 - Producing cylinder running surfaces in piston machinery - Google Patents

Producing cylinder running surfaces in piston machinery

Info

Publication number
DE19706833A1
DE19706833A1 DE1997106833 DE19706833A DE19706833A1 DE 19706833 A1 DE19706833 A1 DE 19706833A1 DE 1997106833 DE1997106833 DE 1997106833 DE 19706833 A DE19706833 A DE 19706833A DE 19706833 A1 DE19706833 A1 DE 19706833A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
laser
cylinder
fine
wavelength
pulse duration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE1997106833
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
H W Prof Dr Ing Bergmann
Horst Dipl Ing Lindner
Leonhard Zacherl
Claus Dipl Ing Brandenstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Priority to DE1997106833 priority Critical patent/DE19706833A1/en
Publication of DE19706833A1 publication Critical patent/DE19706833A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0865—Oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0882—Carbon, e.g. graphite

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

In the production of cylinder running surfaces in piston machinery, in particular, IC engines, according to which at least one cylinder running surface of a cylinder housing is bored and subsequently finish machined, finish machining of the running surface (14) takes the form of fine boring carried out with a low micro roughness.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Zylinderlaufbahnen von Hubkolbenmaschinen, insbesondere Brennkraftmaschinen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for producing cylinder liners of reciprocating piston engines, in particular internal combustion engines, according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Bei herkömmlichen Verfahren werden die Zylinderbohrungen zunächst ge­ bohrt und anschließend zur Erzielung einer tribologisch günstigen Laufbahn entweder mechanisch und/oder elektrochemisch gehont. Insbesondere das mechanische Honen führt jedoch immer wieder zu mehr oder weniger star­ ken Materialverquetschungen (sogenannte Blechmantelbildung), so daß z. B. gemäß EP 419 999 A1 auch schon vorgeschlagen wurde, die Laufbahnen nach dem Honen noch einer Laserbehandlung zu unterziehen, bei der ins­ besondere zugeschmierte Graphitnester freigelegt und eine Mikroglättung erzielt werden sollen.In conventional methods, the cylinder bores are first ge drills and then to achieve a tribologically favorable career either mechanically and / or electrochemically honed. In particular that However, mechanical honing always leads to more or less star ken material crushing (so-called sheet metal jacket formation), so that z. B. according to EP 419 999 A1 has also already been proposed, the raceways to undergo a laser treatment after honing, during which ins special smeared graphite nests exposed and a micro-smoothing should be achieved.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens, mit dem der Her­ stellungsaufwand derartiger Zylinderlaufbahnen vermindert und zumindest gleichwertige, insbesondere aber hinsichtlich Reibungs- und Verschleißver­ halten noch verbesserte Laufbahnen herstellbar sind.The object of the invention is to create a method with which the Her positional expenditure of such cylinder liners reduced and at least equivalent, but especially with regard to friction and wear hold still improved careers can be produced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1, für höher beanspruchte Hubkolbenmaschinen in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 3 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1, for more highly stressed reciprocating piston engines in Connection with the features of claim 3 solved.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, zunächst als mechanischen Endbe­ arbeitungsschritt ein Feinspindeln der Zylinderbohrung auszuführen. Absolut überraschend hat sich gezeigt, daß in Abkehr von dem seit Jahren weltweit üblichen Verfahren des Honens als Endbearbeitung ein Feinspindeln mit einer geringen Mikrorauhigkeit ausreichen kann, um tribologisch günstige Laufbahnen zu schaffen. Dabei hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, daß beim Feinspindeln die beim Honen auftretenden Materialverquetschungen und Zerstörungen der Oberflächenstruktur beispielsweise bei gußeisernen Zylin­ dergehäusen nicht auftreten, sondern zur Haltung eines Schmierfilmes im Betrieb der Hubkolbenmaschine, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine, offene Graphitnester gebildet und eine ausreichend reibungsarme Oberflä­ chenstruktur geschaffen wird.According to the invention it is proposed initially as a mechanical end work step to fine-spindle the cylinder bore. Absolutely Surprisingly, it has been shown that in a departure from this for years worldwide usual method of honing as finishing with a fine spindle a low micro-roughness can be sufficient to make tribologically favorable To create careers. It has been found to be advantageous that the Fine spindles, the material crushing occurring during honing and Destruction of the surface structure, for example in the case of cast iron cylinders derhäusen do not occur, but to keep a lubricating film in the Operation of the reciprocating piston engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, open graphite nests formed and a sufficiently low-friction surface structure is created.

In Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als weitere we­ sentliche Maßnahme vorgeschlagen, die feingespindelte Zylinderlaufbahn anschließend mit einem gepulsten Laser, insbesondere einem Excimer- oder ND-Yag-Laser ein oder mehrmals zu belichten, wobei im Mikrometerbereich die Oberfläche umgeschmolzen (bei Gußeisen Ledeburitbildung), durch Io­ nisierung mit Stickstoff angereichert und topographisch derart verändert wird, daß neben einer hervorragenden Glättung der Laufbahnen eine Viel­ zahl von Mikrodruckkammern gebildet werden. Durch das Umschmelzen bzw. die Stickstoffdiffusion werden die Oberflächenhärte und die Korrosions­ festigkeit der Laufbahnen wesentlich verbessert.In a further development of the method according to the invention, as a further we The most important measure proposed is the fine-spindle cylinder liner then with a pulsed laser, in particular an excimer or To expose ND-Yag laser one or more times, being in the micrometer range the surface is remelted (ledeburit formation in the case of cast iron), by Io enriched with nitrogen and topographically changed in this way becomes that in addition to an excellent smoothing of the career paths a lot number of micro pressure chambers are formed. By remelting or the nitrogen diffusion, the surface hardness and the corrosion strength of the raceways significantly improved.

Die Mikrodruckkammern dienen zur Aufrechterhaltung eines ausreichenden Schmierfilms bei hydrodynamischen Schmierverhältnissen zwischen Kolben bzw. Kolbenringen und der Zylinderlaufbahnen und führen damit in Verbin­ dung mit der Glättung der Oberfläche zu geringen Reibungsverlusten der Maschine. REM-Aufnahmen haben im Vergleich mit mechanisch gehonten Zylinderlaufbahnen mit ebenfalls vergleichbarer Laserbestrahlung gezeigt, daß - während bei den mechanisch gehonten Laufbahnen die Honriefen noch sichtbar sind - die durch die Feinspindelung sich ergebenden Riefen bzw. Rillen absolut geglättet und damit nicht mehr vorhanden sind.The micro pressure chambers are used to maintain a sufficient Lubricating film with hydrodynamic lubrication conditions between pistons or piston rings and the cylinder liners and thus lead in connection the smoothing of the surface leads to low friction losses Machine. SEM recordings have been honed in comparison with mechanically Cylinder liners shown with similar laser irradiation, that - while with the mechanically honed raceways the honing grooves are still visible - the grooves resulting from the fine spindle adjustment or grooves are absolutely smoothed and thus no longer exist.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist im folgenden mit weiteren Einzel­ heiten näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt die Fig. 1 der Zeichnung einen Wandab­ schnitt eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer Brennkraftmaschine mit der zu bearbeiteten Zylinderlaufbahn während des Feinspindelns und die Fig. 2 eine Kopie einer REM-Aufnahme einer feingespindelten und anschließend laserbelichteten Zylinderlaufbahn.An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with further individual units. The Figure 1. 2 shows the drawing a WALL COMP section of a cylinder crankcase of an internal combustion engine with the to be machined cylinder liner during the fine spin-punching and Fig. One copy of an SEM micrograph of a feingespindelten and then laser-exposed cylinder bore.

Der schematisch dargestellte Abschnitt 10 eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer mehrzylindrigen Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine aus Grauguß (z. B. GGL) ist Bestandteil einer Zylinderbohrung bzw. Zylinderlaufbahn 12, die nach einer zunächst groben Aufbohrung auf ein definiertes Zwischenmaß mittels einer Feinspindelmaschine mit einem Spindelkopf 14 und einem darin verstellbar gehaltenen Schneidplatte 16 feingespindelt wurde. Dabei wurden folgende Parameter vorgegeben bzw. eingestellt:
The schematically shown section 10 of a cylinder crankcase of a multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine made of gray cast iron (e.g. GGL) is part of a cylinder bore or cylinder liner 12 , which after an initially rough boring to a defined intermediate dimension by means of a fine spindle machine with a spindle head 14 and a spindle head 14 adjustable held cutting insert 16 was finely spindled. The following parameters were specified or set:

Radius r der Schneidplatte: 1,5 mm
Spanwinkel γ: +5°
Schnittgeschwindigkeit: 800 m/min
Vorschub s: 0,05 mm/Umdrehung
Schnittiefe a: 0,3 mmRadius r of the cutting insert: 1.5 mm
Rake angle γ: + 5 °
Cutting speed: 800 m / min
Feed s: 0.05 mm / revolution
Depth of cut a: 0.3 mm

Die so feingespindelte Zylinderlauffläche 12 wies nach DIN 4776 aus der Abott-Kurve folgende Rauhigkeitswerte auf:
The finely spindled cylinder surface 12 had the following roughness values according to DIN 4776 from the Abott curve:

RPK R PK 0,80.8 RK R K 2,232.23 RVK R VK 2,142.14

Diese feingespindelte Zylinderlaufbahn 12 bzw. sämtliche derartigen Zylin­ derlaufbahnen des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses wurden anschließend mit einem Excimer-Laser mehrmals bei folgenden Laserparametern belichtet:
This finely- spindled cylinder barrel 12 or all such Zylin derlaufbahnen of the cylinder crankcase were then exposed several times with an excimer laser at the following laser parameters:

Fleckdurchmesser: 10 × Schmelzfilmdicke gemäß der Formel
Spot diameter: 10 × melt film thickness according to the formula

wobei
whereby

λ = Wärmeleitfähigkeit
cp = spezifische Wärme
ρ = Dichte
tp = Belichtungszeit (Pulsdauer) des Lasers
Wellenlänge = 350 nm
Leistungsdichte = 107 W/cm2
Pulsdauer = 300 nsλ = thermal conductivity
cp = specific heat
ρ = density
tp = exposure time (pulse duration) of the laser
Wavelength = 350 nm
Power density = 10 7 W / cm 2
Pulse duration = 300 ns

Die Oberflächentopographie der dabei hergestellten Zylinderlaufbahn zeigt die 200fache REM-Aufnahme gemäß Fig. 2. Erstaunlicherweise sind die aus der Feinspindelung stammenden Riefen bzw. Rillen vollkommen ver­ schwunden und es ist eine mit Mikrodruckkammern (verästelte, helle Linien und Bereiche) übersäte Oberfläche geschaffen, die beste tribologische Ei­ genschaften bei verbesserter Verschleißfestigkeit und Korrosionsbeständig­ keit bei im übrigen hervorragender Glättung aufweist.The surface topography of the cylinder liner produced in the process shows the 200-fold SEM image according to FIG has the best tribological properties with improved wear resistance and corrosion resistance with otherwise excellent smoothing.

Durch die Laserbelichtung wurde die Oberfläche im Mikrometerbereich auf­ geschmolzen und in Ledeburit umgewandelt. Ferner wurde während des Umschmelzprozesses aus der umgebenden Atmosphäre ionisierter Stick­ stoff in die Oberfläche eindiffundiert bzw. durch die extrem schnelle Abküh­ lung "eingefroren" und damit die Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegen im Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen auftretende aggressive Medien verbessert.The laser exposure increased the surface in the micrometer range melted and converted into ledeburite. Furthermore, during the Remelting process from the surrounding atmosphere ionized stick substance diffuses into the surface or due to the extremely fast cooling ment "frozen" and thus the corrosion resistance against in operation Aggressive media occurring by internal combustion engines improved.

Bei der Anwendung des Verfahrens auf Leichtmetall-Zylindergehäuse sind nur UV-emittierende Laser (Wellenlänge ≦ 350 nm) zu verwenden; die Lei­ stungsflußdichte muß ausreichen, um die Diffusionsbarriere der i. a. vorhan­ denen Oxidhaut zu durchdringen.When applying the method to light metal cylinder housings are only use UV-emitting lasers (wavelength ≦ 350 nm); the lei stungsfluß density must be sufficient to the diffusion barrier of the i. a. exist which oxide skin to penetrate.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Zylinderlaufbahnen von Hubkolbenmaschi­ nen, insbesondere von Brennkraftmaschinen, bei dem die zumindest eine Zylinderlaufbahn eines Zylindergehäuses vorgebohrt und anschließend mechanisch endbearbeitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als End­ bearbeitung ein Feinspindeln mit geringer Mikrorauhigkeit durchgeführt wird.1. A method for producing cylinder liners of Hubkolbenmaschi NEN, in particular internal combustion engines, in which the at least one cylinder liner of a cylinder housing is pre-drilled and then mechanically finished, characterized in that a fine spindle with low micro-roughness is carried out as the end machining. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit dem Fein­ spindeln Mikrorauhigkeitswerte von etwa
RPK 0,6-1,0 RK 2,0-2,5 RVK 1,9-2,3
hergestellt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the fine spindles microroughness values of about
R PK 0.6-1.0 R K 2.0-2.5 R VK 1.9-2.3
getting produced. 3. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Feinspindeln eine Laserbehandlung mit einem gepulsten Laser mit einer Pulsdauer < 10 ns < 10 µs nachgeschaltet wird.3. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fine spindle a laser treatment with a pulsed laser a pulse duration <10 ns <10 µs is connected downstream. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Laufbahn in einer Tiefe von ca. 2 bis 3 µm unter Freilegung von Mikrodruckkam­ mern im Material aufgeschmolzen und geglättet wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the career at a depth of approx. 2 to 3 µm with exposure of micro-pressure mern in the material is melted and smoothed. 5. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fleckdurchmesser des Lasers 10mal größer ist als die Schmelzfilmdicke nach der Formel
wobei
λ = Wärmeleitfähigkeit
cp = spezifische Wärme
ρ = Dichte
tp = Belichtungszeit (Pulsdauer).5. The method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the spot diameter of the laser is 10 times larger than the melt film thickness according to the formula
whereby
λ = thermal conductivity
cp = specific heat
ρ = density
tp = exposure time (pulse duration). 6. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 3-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Laser einer Wellenlänge ≦ 350 nm verwendet wird.6. The method according to claims 3-5, characterized in that a Laser with a wavelength ≦ 350 nm is used. 7. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 3-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Laser mit einer Wellenlänge ≧ 5 µm mit einer Leistungsflußdichte ≧ 107 W/cm2 verwendet wird.7. The method according to claims 3-5, characterized in that a laser with a wavelength ≧ 5 microns with a power flux density ≧ 10 7 W / cm 2 is used. 8. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Zylindergehäuse aus Leichtme­ tall ein Laser nach Anspruch 6 mit einer die Diffusionsbarriere der Oberfläche aufgrund der Oxidhaut durchdringenden Leistungsflußdichte eingesetzt wird.8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that with a cylinder housing made of Leichtme tall a laser according to claim 6 with a diffusion barrier of the Surface due to the power flux density penetrating the oxide skin is used.
DE1997106833 1997-02-21 1997-02-21 Producing cylinder running surfaces in piston machinery Ceased DE19706833A1 (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19950168A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2001-05-10 Daimler Chrysler Ag Cylinder running surface production process, involving final machining using multiple cutting tool with axis coinciding with axis of symmetry of running surface
DE10228743A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-01-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for smoothing and polishing surfaces by working with energetic radiation
DE10241446A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-04 Daimlerchrysler Ag Milling and honing tool, for machining and finishing cylinder of internal combustion engine, has first tool mounted on inner tube movable telescopically in outer tube carrying inner tool
DE10342750A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-04-07 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for smoothing and polishing or structuring surfaces with laser radiation
DE102005009660A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-07 Volkswagen Ag Producing internal combustion engine surfaces with submicron structuring by laser ablation to reduce friction and/or deposits
DE102005034940A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 Dorner Gmbh Burr-free hole formation, e.g. in tube wall, by electrochemical machining method using hollow electrode through which electrolyte flows
DE102006057940A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-19 ARGES Gesellschaft für Industrieplanung und Lasertechnik m.b.H. Processing of sliding surface of iron workpiece to hone cylinder barrels of internal combustion engine by short pulse-laser irradiation for plasma formation, comprises irradiating the sliding surface with the radiation of solid body laser
WO2012059189A3 (en) * 2010-11-05 2012-06-28 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Uv laser exposure of housings and components of door drives and door closers
EP2628808A1 (en) 2012-02-15 2013-08-21 Longevity Engineering SA Localized hardening of metallic surfaces
DE102012219934A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for manufacturing piston of sealing arrangement in pump, involves providing machine-removing lubrication pockets in machined surface portion of seal, and re-melting surface layer of machined surface portion

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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