DE1962420A1 - Tool for the production of objects or pellets from metal powders or other powders - Google Patents

Description

Our reference: B 1376

Tool for the production of objects or compacts Metal powders or other powders,

The invention relates to the production of shaped compacts from metal powders or other powders, which in the following are to be referred to in general as metal powder. These objects are then sintered in order to produce finished or semi-finished products. The manufacturing processes in which presses, usually hydraulic presses, are used, in which the powder is compacted in a mold, are generally known. The increasing demand for larger components and higher diaphragms has led to the experimental use of high-energy presses which have been converted to press metal powders together. work have the advantage of a higher energy-to-press weight ratio than conventional presses. While the production of simple parts that are only one thickness does not cause any significant * difficulties with aioh, the production of more complex parts, especially parts that have two or more sections with different diameters in the direction of the print line, leads to problems, who have hitherto prevented "the Hoohejiergi from being successful" -

yerfahran

procedure is used-. ·.

• If suitable powder is placed in a form between punches' are pressed, so are their flow and pressure characteristics no hydraulic, as is the case with the various techniques for forming solid objects is. In practice, the powders are for the most part completely compressed in the vertical direction and "move in the direction of the page only in a very small way Srado Because of this, the amount of loose powder needs to be about each of the different custom with different Make initially essentially proportional to the final dimension of the object being made of compressed powder 'It follows that separate tool elements for each section with different thickness must be used ", and that each element relative to other parts of the overall tool must be moved the correct distance «If one assumes that a compact can be pressed vertically with a single upper punch is to be produced, so requires the tool of a component with two sections of different thickness, for example a neck with a flange, the use of two 'lower, punches and an upper. stamp, "whereby the lower. * stamps relative to one another move between the initial filling point- ' development and the Bndverdlehtungsateliiing .can ^ The die or form that makes the outer circumference of the P.r, eJ-r. kÖ3? pers forms, usually moves aioh relatively au den lower punches to avoid friction with the die, and Powder. and the same goes for, den. Core rod if one is used »um In 4em component., a Bötouag or to form a cave space * .- ^., -....-,

About lower .. stamp, dea? die Üstei? aai'te dea Absphnitt @ a with. Thickness of the workpiece forms, rope as d © r f © at ©

I SJ \ J C Τ £ -

I -

Stamp are designated and the other lower stamp shall be referred to as the flange stamp "

When the actuator or working piston hits the upper punch moves downwards at high speed, this begins first compact the powder that is between the top The stamp and the Flansoh stamp were a print that dated upper punch is transferred through the powder, then accelerates the paddling punch down very quickly.

Because in the ideal case the density of the powder at the same speed is to be increased in the flange section and in the bolt section, it is essential that the resistance of the " Flange stamp and its support medium should be limited, about an overdevelopment of the Flansohes in the initial stage to prevent pressing.

When the medium is just enough to support the weight of the To carry the stamp, the resistance that the stamp counteracts becomes a function of its weight and its Acceleration. .

These conditions require a Flansoh stamp unit of minimum weight, which at the same time has to be strong enough to withstand the final pressure of compression, after that sioh (| this unit has moved from the filling position down to the end-dilution position.

The dioker's journal section of the pressed body is compacted at the same time as the flange. The increasing density of the: pin or bolt increases the friction between the powder I wait the tool in the bore of the flange punch. The ! So speed of the upper punch decreases when the energy} dee during compression Powders is consumed. ;

The I

009829/08 62

The increase in friction slows the flange punch considerably before it reaches its final position.

According to a proposal for a high energy machine designed for: pressing metal powders, the flange; punch carried by a rod that swings on two pneumatic ■ pistons! by the extraordinary sons' speed ^; However, the downward acceleration of the flange punch becomes the.

Rod exposed to considerable bending loads. In addition, the weight of the moving parts is such that that the combined inertia of the flange punch, the rod and the piston relative to the area of the Flanson punch surfaces big is "

It is one of the objects of the invention to provide a construction create that the carrier for the flange punch does not is exposed to considerable bending loads or bending stresses. Another object of the invention is ea, a To create construction in which the inertia of the Flansoh stamp and the piston is lowered, thereby allowing a structure that better enables the correct

. Apply Druok to the powder during the initial stage of Compaction ™ ·

-

; According to the main feature of the invention, a tool for a Hoohenergiemasohine for the production of compacts from Metallpμlvθrn or from other powders that contain two or more Sections of different dioken in the lines of the

Druokes have an upper stamp on the bear's Haschine is attached, a die, which determines and limits the outer circumference of the pressed body, a fixed one lower punch and a flansoha temple, which are arranged within the die or the mold, the flansoha

atempel

009829/0962

stamp from a frequent pre-dilution position in a lower one End position movable relative to the fixed lower punch and is carried by a piston which is arranged coaxially therewith · ■

The piston is preferably circular or ring-shaped Cross-section and can move in a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder »"

The invention is to be explained in the following description with reference to the figures of the drawing using exemplary embodiments. Show it?

lig 1 a sectional view of a tool for illustration ' the relative movements of the components of the tool,

! ig »2 a sectional view of a tool according to the invention» !

I? Ig · 3. a section shows a tool according to the invention
ges, with facilities for. Operation of the llamsoli
stamp carrying piston shown through the Masohiiienbär
are,

Pig, 4 is a sectional view of a slide for control
the actuation of the flange stamp support piston,

5 shows a sonic view of a tool according to the invention, with another embodiment
HaJisohstempal piston is inclined,

6 A SQhnittansschau ainea arfindimgagemade tool jsur Herat © lluag sinea Preikorpara with three
Bohieäenen Quergöhnittsabaohiiittsa and

A sectional view © isis® can be realized

where the positions d @ a Plans ^ Lfltompdle and the fa «aten stamp uaige & elirt B ± mä _f um © iHQii Pi'eßkörper aa-

00β.β29 / 0θβ2

Fig * 1 shows the essential components of an embodiment -. "Example of a tool - and the relative movements of these components" The cross-sections to the right of the center line show the position of the components "at the beginning of compaction and the cross sections to the left of the center line show the components in a position at the completion of compaction o A die 1 surrounds the outer circumference of the pressed body that is to be produced and concentrically in this die there is an Elansc & punch 2, a fixed punch 3 and a core from 4 the space 5 is filled with the metal powder, which is to be compressed in order to produce an object which, in the present case, has the lorm of a singing with a central insert. The powder is compacted by means of the upper punch 7 », which is attached to the bear of a gochenergieverdichtungaprease. The end positions of the various components show that only the fixed punch has remained stationary. All other tool components have moved down, d _ffl h. in the screening of the compression and indeed in different MaBe ₀ The upper die 7 UNAE "the Ilansohstempel 2 have bewegtj in positions in which these together with the fixed die 3 β the Quersohnittsform determine the finished article The die 1 and the core rod 4 have. aioh moves ^ mm to reduce the! friction between these ropes and the powder during the compaction to a minimuma:

la a © i now especially on the three ütempsl 2, 3 and? Referring "The ^ laneahatsmpel 2 moves aioh the Streelre B and the above © stamp 7 moves aioh wa Streoke A ₉ wätoe & the fixed punch d 3 stationary bleibte DI® GeaamiSfeBhe dea Palvars iat of B wxt 0 Compacted UNAE the Hoh. © äeö ^u Bilvera, which forms the Ansata ", iat from f to Β verdiohtet and duroh. die aelativbäwegiiag Ä '

give PulveryerdiohtuagesiaaeMiieEi

the main aäo & lioh iM eeakreolitev Hioktung © r «-

follows, whereby a transverse movement of the powder does not take place at all or only to a small extent and for this reason it is preferred to have the same degree of dilution of the powder, the distance-B over which the flange punch 2 moves is such that the The ratio 0: E is equal to the "ratio D: F. In other words, this means that D = xF and 0 = xE, where χ is the compression ratio of the powder. FIG. 2 shows a tool designed according to the invention, The Quersohnittsanaichten to the right of the center line represent the ropes before compaction and the Quersohnittaanaiohten J linka from the center line the file after compaction. The lanacha temple 2 rests against the piston 8 and can be attached to the aem. The piston 8 is slidable on the -fixed ram 3 is mounted and can move in the cylinder 10 in the component 9, this cylinder being stationary as a result of the fixed ram 3. The piston 8 can ig. its upper S position are held, in which the llanschatell is in its Vorverdichtungaatellung by the action of a pressure medium in the chamber 11, which is formed by the cylinder 10, namely below the piston 8. The pressure medium is supplied at a pressure that is just sufficient to knock the piston 8 and the llanschatempel 2 in the uppermost position. The bottom surface 12 of the) ■ "cylinder acts-as a stop to the lowermost position to determine dea piston until it is moved to said piston during compaction. The movement of the piston can take place by means of a pressure AUA from the upper die 7 ί is practiced, namely through the powder and over the Planscheteapel 2 · Preferably, however, the movement takes place by means of other devices, which will be described later.

Since the piston 8 only exposes the compression stresses is, this can be a relatively easy one

metal

009829/0962

Made of metal, for example from an aluminum alloy, or made of a plastic, this materis-; "Can be reinforced if necessary.

In the illustrated in Pig x 3 embodiment, the ■ Acceleration of Planschstempels a duroh! Pressure medium .unterstützte The piston 8 has an upwardly facing shoulder 13 that do not -des against the top 14 of the cylinder 10 abuts when the piston is in its top a * position · This creates an annular chamber r 15. This chamber communicates via a channel 16 with the cylinder 17 in which the soling piston 18 works. An arm 19 is attached to the bear 20 of the machine and this carries a plunger 21 which is in engagement with the. Accelerator piston 18 can get when the upper punch 7 approaches the die. An elastic cushion 22 is arranged within the recess -23 in the surface of the piston 18 and this acts as a shock absorber and makes it possible for the acceleration piston to be accelerated smoothly and without jolts from the rest position by the plunger 21 «,

. . The operating mode of the chopping piston acceleration is ^ following · The plunger 21 on the sioh downward moving bear

20 touches the pad 22 just before the upper punch 7 touches the Powder touches. The cushion 22 is deformed in such a way that ί this fills the recess 23, whereby an additional j There is sufficient resistance to cause a downward movement of the accelerator piston 18 to begin · When the accelerator piston 18 moves downwards, increase this the pressure of the pressure medium within the cylinder 171 of the channel 16 and the Ringkamner 15 · This becomes a after downward force exerted on the shoulder 17 of the piston 8, which is accelerated downwards. The Quersohnittafläohe of the acceleration piston is less than the transverse

aohnitt8fläche

00982070962

aohnittafläclie of the shoulder 13 and deahalb "moves the Piston 8 with a G-each speed which is lower iat ala the dea Korbens 18 and thus that of the Preaaenbära 20. The upper one As a result, aicli stamp approaches the one moving downwards llanschatempel with a reduced speed ·;

In this way, the powder between the upper punch 7 and the flange punch 2 is deposited in the initial stage of compaction in a greatly reduced pressure. If the _; upper punch 7 because powder is compressed via the llanach punch 2, this punch exerts a force aua through the powder which, if necessary, accelerates the puddle punch to a speed λ that is practically the same as the upper punch 7 greater rate than that generated by the Beao acceleration piston, whereby the Beachfeunigungskolben is accelerated to a speed which is greater than that of the plunger 21 »This allows the cushion 22 to expand and remain in contact with the plunger 21.

The piston flange described above ensures that no Überverdiohtung dea Ilanaohea currency ι carried rend the Anfangaverdichtungsatufe Ϊ and allows further that the Diohte of llansohabachiiittts and the arrival I- λ satzabsohnittes having the same G-eachwindigkait or rises same rate. The temporal sequence of the flange stamp base acceleration can be divided up by means of) a vertical adjustment of the piston in a similar manner, ■ that a compressiona & §a Slanaehes relative to ITerdich-; tung dea Anaatzea can be accelerated or delayed * \

The pressure medium pressure must actually be generated or exerted by the bear, but can be supplied from a separate source, which is operated by a Roman bear actuated slider ' gestemerfc is "I ¹ If ₀ 4 violated © inen το® ^ ©' actuated asanbär \

IC piston valve. ;

000829/0982

Piston slide «The piston slide 24 is actuated by a ram 21 which is attached to the press ram via a central side buffer 25. 3 shown iat. The bore 26, in which the slide 24 is slidably mounted, has openings 27 »28 and 29 which are separated from one another by the slide panels 30 and 31. The opening 27 is connected to a pressure wave (not shown) via a line 32. This pressure source comprises a collector 33 'which is constructed and arranged in the usual way. The opening 28 is connected to the flask via a line 34 and the opening 39 is connected to an overflow line 35. The flask 36 is normally in contact with the Sohleberfeld 30. But when . the piston 24 by moving the plunger 21 downwards against the action of the spring 37, the slide valve flansoh passes the opening 28 and enables the pressure medium source to be brought into communication with the flat tube chamber, thereby accelerating the slide tube. When the plunger 21 moves upwards near the compression stroke, the valve piston 24 moves under the action of the leather 37 near the top and the flange 36 moves from the piston field 31 to the piston field 3P and thereby the flans cha tempe! chamber can be cracked into connection with the overflow opening 35. This makes it possible for the flange piston to be returned to its output division _; will ο. . ■ .... ■ .- ,. ...--. "_./_

The advantage of "this Besohleunigungaverfahrens dee, ^ pels is that the energy that corresponds to the Preissenbar, wirdj taken .lediglich is the _one; required | to the slider au press" The energy © rforderliohu is to the flangohgtBiap ^ l au will accelerate, a separate. source entÄomman. The temporal position of the Be? · deo flansohatempela and the Kolbena is

beforehand, controlled by the ram on the bear and the rate of acceleration depends on the pressure of the pressure medium in this embodiment at. Other types of sliders can be used, for example sleeve valve or valves or rotary valve · However, a piston valve of the type described is preferred Kind of used.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. The timing of the acceleration of Hans cha temp els .and the piston is gestaßrt directly here by the upper die and not by a plunger which is fixed on senbär preS Λ. *.

The plunger piston 8 has an upwardly pointing shoulder 41 which delimits a small annular chamber 38.

The annular chamber 38 is fed with pressure medium at a relatively high pressure via an inlet line 39. The chamber 11 below the flange piston is fed with pressure medium at a relatively low pressure through the inlet line 40. The Fläohe the underside of the piston 8 and the shoulder 41 are such that the upward forces exceed the downwardly directed forces to e.ine size ausreioht to the piston in its uppermost position shown _Λ hold.

When the upper punch 7 moving near the bottom touches the powder that is to be compacted, | .This powder transmit a force ausreioht to the> Flanschstempel 2 and the Plansohstempe! piston 8 NaOH bottom \ move * This movement of the Flansohstempelkolbens 8 downwards are the shoulder 42 the higher pressure-free and the greatly enlarged surface, the so- is formed, and which is exposed to the higher pressure, has the effect that the piston 8 is accelerated near the bottom, precisely then,

if

009829/0962

when the top punch starts, the powder above that Compress stamp 32. The acceleration depends on the inertia of the moving parts and on the force that is exerted by the pressurized medium under high pressure. The maximum speed of the piston 8 can by the Increase in druoke on the low pressure side and through the

: Pressure drop can be set on the high pressure side.

; When the compression is completed, the Flanschstempelkolben 8 is thereby returned to its upper position, that the \ Druok is increased in the chamber 11 below the piston. The return can also be done by other means. Bi- * ne seal 43 is preferably arranged in the surface of the shoulder 42 and this seal seals the shoulder surface against the action of the pressure medium with high pressure when the piston 8 is in its uppermost position.

As an alternative to initiating downward acceleration of the flange punch piston through the upper punch can the A pulse can be given to the piston surface within the seal 43 by means of a pressure medium under high pressure.

The flange punch system of all the exemplary embodiments described is, of course, suitable for more than one use a3 applicable to a moving lower punch when components with three or more different dioke dimensions should be produced

The control or adjustment of the relative movement of the die or die 1 and the core tab 4 during the Verdioh- ^v "tang is normally not as critical as in the case of the Flaneohemempel and their acceleration rates are normally lower. It should be noted, however, that the control-

systems »

009829/0962

systems, which were "described here, also on daa Die 1 and the core rod 4 are used · With certain Kinds of components can be the die T and the core rod 4 Have shoulders 45 and 44, as in Pig. 6 is shown to produce components with other cross-sections · In these Cases move that. Die T and the core rod 4 in similar to the flange punch 2 and the control systems described here are directly for the die and Kernatab movements can be used.

The term "flange punch" was used to describe the punch used, which forms the underside of the thinner section of a component consisting of two sections and it should be noted that this term also applies to a similar moving die used to manufacture a Part of a different shape is used. For example, a reversal of the position of the flans chatempeis and des fixed punch opposite the position shown in Fig «1 possible and thereby an annular, shell-shaped component can be produced, as described in FIG. 7 is.

It should be noted that the invention can also be used in conjunction with Tools described in British patent application Bx. 59 301/68 can be described

Claims 009829/0962

Claims (20)

Pat tan sayings 1. Tool for making a high energy mas ohine of compacts made of metal powders or other powders, these compacts having two or more sections have different thicknesses in the line of the print , characterized duroh an upper punch, which is attached to the press ram, a die, which the outer circumference of the compact surrounds, a solid lower punch and a 3? lanschstempel that inside of the die, are arranged, the flange punch from an upper goal compression position to a lower one End position is movable relative to the fixed lower punch, and is carried by a piston which is coaxial to this is arranged. 2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the Planohstempelkolben is arranged within a cylinder which is stationary relative to the fixed punch. 3 · Tool according to claim 1, characterized by devices, around the plan head stamp from the pre-hardening position to accelerate downwards during the dilution process. 4 · Tool according to claim 3, characterized in that at pressure medium pressure is applied to the plan stamp accelerator device is used, which acts on the upper surface of the flat die piston. 5. Werkieug xxaoh Anspruoh 4, characterized in that the Druokmitteldruok, which is fed to the top of the ilansohatemepelkolbens, is derived from an iesohoholigungskolbens which works within βinea cylinder, which is in connection with a chamber »which is formed above the yianaoheteapelkolbens in ilantohateapelkolbeniylindtr and that this accelerating piston can be actuated by a push button that is attached to aaPreaeenbÄr ^. 6. Tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the 'Pressure medium pressure, that of the upper side of the plunger piston is supplied, is derived from a source that is independent of the press beard activity of the machine is. - · ... 7. Tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the Conduction between the independent source of dyes and the flat die piston normally by a slide is closed, which can be opened by a plunger that is attached to the machine ram. 8 Tool according to Claim 6, characterized in that the Flat head piston has an upper surface which is not in contact with the pressure medium source when the piston is in its uppermost position and that an initial downward movement of the wiper piston the surface free for pressure medium pressure there, which then accelerates the piston downwards « 9 · tool according to claim 8, daduroh in that the top of the Plansahstempelkolbens carries a member which abuts against the top of Planschstempelkolbenzylinders' and daduroh abdiohtet this surface relative to the pressure means. ; _: 10. Tool naoh claim 8, characterized in that the I initial downward movement of the planesohetempelkolbena f- by means of a force of the press bear directed close to the bottom. followed by the powder and the flat stamp during \ the initial stage of compression is transmitted »| 11 · Tool close to requirements. 9 »daduroh marked that the initial downward movement of the paddock piston by generating a pulse of high pressure, which is the Top is fed behind the seal » 12 · Tool according to one of claims 3 to 9 * daduroh marked free, that the device to accelerate the piston 009829/0962 plunger piston the piston to a speed bef accelerates, which is smaller than that of the press bear. , 13 «Tool according to one of claims 5 and 12, characterized : shows that the area of the accelerator piston is smaller is as the effective surface of the Planohstempel-. piston. . 14-. Tool according to one of claims 5 or 7, daduroh. ■; '■■ indicates that an elastic buffer is supported by the component j, which is \ actuated by the ram of the ram hammer and that this buffer is disposed so that this W' is touched · 'from the plunger. 15 · Tool according to one of the preceding claims, daduroh characterized in that the piston is in its uppermost gate compression position is borne by the fluid pressure supplied to the chamber from the cylinder below of the piston is formed. 16. Tool according to one of claims 8 and 15 »characterized in that that the paddling piston two up pointing surfaces has that one of these surfaces has a much smaller area than the other and with a source of a relatively high pressure -in connection and that the large area with this ™ ".-" source only after an initial downward movement of the piston is in communication and that a bottom of the piston is continuously in communication with a source of relatively low pressure and that the relationships between the planes of the smaller top surface and the bottom of the piston are such is that when the piston is in its uppermost position is located, the upward force of the piston is somewhat exceeds the downward force exerted on the pistons. 17 »Tool according to one of the preceding claims, daduroh marked , 0098 29/0962 ' marked that the llansch breathing piston aua Aluminum alloy breathed. ; 18. Tool according to one of claims 1 Ms 16, characterized in that the Llanachatempelkolben aua one Made of plastic material. 19 · Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in marked that two 'movable lower stamps and ■ a fixed lower stamp is provided » 20. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that those parts that make up the surfaces; dee Gegenatandea atimmen parallel to Verdichtungarichtung "Working], movable relative to aind featen stamp * ' 009829/0962