DE1949209A1 - Method and device for manufacturing components - Google Patents

Description

Methods and Devices for Manufacturing Components The invention relates to methods and directions for making components that consist of two cover plates with a supporting structure in between.

There are already numerous embodiments of these, often as sandwich panels designated components, l known. E.g.

Cover plates made of metal, wood, fiber-reinforced plastic and the like with plastic foam, ribs, profiles or honeycomb structures made of aluminum, hard paper and the like glued. These constructions are not very suitable for high loads suitable because the properties of the individual, for Sandwich panel belonging parts and layers, such as different There is thermal expansion in the top layer, adhesive layer and core material. Critical is also the impact sensitivity of the bond, even if it is used today well-known, high-quality two-component adhesive. The preferred known type, sandwich panels by direct foaming between two outer layers, whereby the foam serves as an adhesive at the same time, has the same defects in principle. The desired optimal effect of the lattice girder known in metal construction is at the mentioned types of construction are nowhere near achieved because of the ratio the critical shear stress is unfavorable. With a bending load in the Boundary layer, i.e. step in the connection layer between foam and cover plate almost the maximum shear stress. A high bending load leads to destruction, because the strength values between mostly high-strength top layer and more sensitive Adhesive or poorly firm foam layer in no reasonable proportion to each other stand. The association is breaking up. The cover plate bulges and pops up.

Other known plate elements have a composite of the same type Fiber plastics with ribs inside. You will either be without pressure, i.e. through Weighting produced, or in a hardening process under pressure in the pressing process.

In the case of the plates produced without printing, there are no significant results better strength values than the previously mentioned constructions.

With the pressed panels, higher strength values can be achieved f but the complex pressing process is necessary for production.

The production of the large-scale parts required in the construction sector makes difficulties with the pref3 process, and it is practically impossible to achieve a bubble-free one Achieve a laminate on the critical cover plates, which are mostly exposed to the elements. Mechanized or even an automated production process has been used in these known methods so far not possible, so that a production at favorable market prices in reliable Quality was previously unattainable.

The aim of the invention is to provide a novel manufacturing process, in which the aforementioned difficulties do not arise and through its application Components of high mechanical strength can be produced, it is therefore used for production of construction elements that consist of two cover plates with a supporting structure in between, erfindungsgernälj on a base a prefabricated, pre-hardened cover plate made of fiber plastic, this with a not yet hardened, connecting Layer of loose, fiber-reinforced plastic covered on it will be considered lost Form serving filler bodies are placed, then the surfaces of these filler bodies as well the spaces between them that are not covered by them with a Moisten a layer of a loose, hardenable, not yet polymerized plastic Fiber material covered, then on this fiber-plastic layer in the interstices between the packing a second layer of packing inserted, which either before or after this insertion, by means of a further, still not covered pre-cured layer of fiber plastic material and then connected to a second cover plate made of pre-hardened fiber-plastic material.

According to further features of the manufacturing method according to the invention is finally applied to the two cover plates in a further operation externally acting pressure exerted until the between the molded parts Fiber-plastic layer and that located between the molded body and cover plates Fiber-plastic layers hardened and fixed to the pre-hardened cover plates are connected, the pressure direction or pressure directions are such that on all said fiber-plastic layers are essentially perpendicular to the layer acting force component is exerted.

This creates composite elements with an internal structure, with the basic optical properties of the curable synthetic resins and the fibrous material, in particular the fiberglass, are reliably contained in the finished product. It is noteworthy that the cover layers are made from laminate that is practically free of lice exist. With little expenditure of time and material, a safe, internal network can be created produced and a fibrous entanglement achieved with the cover layer and the fillers will.

It is expedient here to use packing bodies at an angle to the cover plates Area to be used and the thickness of the fiber-plastic layer covering the first layer of packing material and to choose the dimensions of the packing so that after the insertion of the second layer of packing over the upper side facing the second cover plate the top of the still loose fiber-plastic layer at least 1, preferably 3 mm, protrudes, and that, due to the pressure exerted on the cover layers, the second Layer of filler material firmly into the fiber-plastic layers underneath is pushed in.

Here, the outer fillers are against lateral displacement held, to prevent evasion. As a result, the specified gap width is between adhered to the fillers and the intended thickness of the connecting webs achieved relatively great accuracy.

Advantageously, at least one layer is considered to be a lost shape serving filler in the assigned, not yet hardened cover layer mechanically slightly pressed in and hardened into this.

This can be done in a prepared, expediently continuous Work done that does not yet require complex forms, and is thereby the time required during molding in the manufacturing process Reduced at least half, or the number of shapes for a given one Reduced the number of building plates per day by half. Another advantage is that when inserting the position of the packing by means of a simple auxiliary device can be determined very precisely and thus in the subsequent manufacturing process the thickness of the webs connecting the two cover plates becomes very uniform.

In some cases it can be useful if the inserted packing consist of prefabricated groups of fillers, which are made by pre-hardened fiber-plastic webs are connected.

For the mechanical strength of the inner, made of fiber-plastic bars existing latticework, it is favorable if the webs on their the cover plates facing end faces have fibrous structure. Besides, it is in general favorable if both prefabricated, pre-hardened cover plates on their facing each other Inside has a fibrous surface structure, preferably its natural one the surface structure resulting from the production without countermolding.

For the production of the cover plates, it has proven to be useful if a layer of liquid plastic is applied to a base, on top a layer of the fiber-plastic material is applied in a dry state, on both layers by impacts directed essentially perpendicular to the substrate in neighboring, Zones arranged like a grid are designed, both layers are transported relative to the zones and in the individual zones the amplitude of the surges from a range of max.

Amplitude decreases in the direction of the point where the machined material leaves this zone.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention cover plates with a structured, wavy surface are used, whereby for the shaped or metal plate serving as a base, of which a plastic plate is first is made, the use of panels made of gridded wired glass has proven itself. It has been shown that the commercially available industrial wire glass panes have a surface suitable for the intended use and such are an inexpensive, relatively durable material. The effect achieved lies above all in the fact that large-area components are also manufactured with a glossy surface without creating a disturbing gloss effect. This allows the optimal weather resistance can be achieved. The grid effect makes shrinking effects that occur during manufacture of the inner structure are created, practically invisible despite the shiny surface.

For the implementation of the method according to the invention, the Proven use of an arrangement, which one for placing the lower cover plate provided, lower mold plate, one preferably arranged parallel to this and relative to this movably mounted mold plate, an intermediate, All-round, lateral, sealing even when the two plates move relative to one another Seal, devices for the lateral delimitation of the packing, a circumferential Cavity between the components for lateral sealing on the one hand and on the side Limitation for packing on the other hand, a structured cavity between at least a cover plate, preferably above, and an adjacent mold plate, which is connected to the circumferential Communicates cavity, as well as a device for sucking the air from the circulating Has cavity.

When using packing with numerous cells attached to the Surface are cut, result when pressing together particularly favorable Pressure conditions in the adjacent irser plastic layer. For the versatile Usability of the components, it is advantageous to the filler body with channels provided, which run through in one direction and later to receive gas, water or electrical parts can be used.

In a preferred embodiment for some applications of the components, it is advantageous to attach a metal armature to the edge, which top and bottom comprises plate-shaped components. Here has it proven to be useful for * the purpose of better distribution or

Transfer of the forces acting on the valve to the usual Plate-shaped component, if in the edge zone the one to connect the cover plates Serving webs made of a fiber-plastic layer behind a much more acute angle to the cover plate than in the area remote from the edge zone.

In some cases it is useful if the webs within a Component not only run in individual levels, but in several of each other intersecting levels are arranged, creating a better bond and thus special construction panels corresponding to mechanical loads result. The single ones Bars can be designed in different widths and thicknesses. For strength the composite panel is a good connection between the individual web elements and the fiber-plastic layers on the inside of the cover plates of great size Meaning. In order to achieve a good connection, it is beneficial if the webs are not only have a fibrous structure on their end faces facing the corner plates, but also on the sides of the web ends that are not covered by the filler body.

In the following, the invention is illustrated in connection with the exemplary embodiments Figures described. All of these are not essential for understanding the invention necessary details have been omitted for the sake of clarity. One another Corresponding parts in the individual figures are designated in an analogous manner.

Fig. 1 - as a device for carrying out the method according to the invention a mold with a composite panel pressed therein.

Fig. 2 - 5 individual stages of the process.

6 - a detail of the composite panel as well as on an enlarged scale a diagram to explain the relationships of the pressing pressures occurring after the method according to the invention.

7-9 a cover plate with a structured visible surface.

10-12 a modification of the method in which half of the filler is already hardened into the top layer.

Fig. 13 - a variant in which half of the packing is hardened in both top layers.

14 shows an advantageous device for carrying out the method.

Fig. 15 + 16 variants of the process Fig. 17 - 21 Details of the variants of the procedure.

Fig. 22-27 details of another variant of the method.

FIGS. 28-33 enlarged details with a fiber-plastic connecting layer according to a variant of the process.

34-36 enlarged details of the fibrous entanglement directly with it the top layer by hardening according to another variant of the process.

37-43 show the spatial linear arrangement of inner structures and some force introduction points.

Fig. 44 + 45 multilayered, inner structures arranged one above the other.

FIGS. 46-49 are schematic principles of mechanized manufacturing.

Fig. So - 53 Schematically shown design details.

Fig. 1 explains the production of a composite panel with an internal structure made of fiber plastic. This composite panel consists essentially of an upper one Cover plate 1 and a lower cover plate 1 '. Located between these cover plates filling body 2 and between these the mechanical connection of the cover plate 1 and 1 'serving webs 3. The mutually facing inner sides of the two cover plates 1 and 1 'are covered with a fiber-plastic layer. About the individual phases To make the manufacturing process more clearly recognizable in the figures is the loose, not yet pressed fiber-plastic connecting layer with the reference number 4, the same is provided with the reference number 5 in the already pressed state.

The fiber-plastic layers located in the pressed state in FIG 5 are with the adjacent cover plates 1 or 1 'and the fillers 2 at the contact zones 7 firmly connected by fibrous entanglement after curing.

It also occurs at the connecting surfaces between the fiber-plastic connecting layer 5 and the cover plates 1 and 1 ', a chemical crosslinking.

The composite panel is located in a during manufacture Form closed by an upper mold plate 9, which consists of a lower cover plate 1o and a side edge io 'firmly connected to it.

The individual stages of the manufacturing process according to the invention are explained below in connection with FIGS. 2 to 5. The cover plate consists, as indicated in Fig. 2, of a pre-hardened, glass fiber reinforced Polyester board, the one on the side that is the Forms outside, with a polyester fine layer containing no glass fibers (Gel-Coat) is covered. In the following figures this is for the sake of simplicity Fine layer la not drawn.

On this cover plate 1 ', as indicated in Fig. 3, a loose Fiber-plastic connecting layer 4 applied, preferably according to the so-called Fiber spray process. On this are elongated packing 2 with trapezoidal Cross-section set at such intervals that the distance between the base points of two neighboring Packing is slightly larger than the front width to be inserted between the packing (not shown) another layer of packing (see Fig. 5).

The filler bodies used are, as indicated in FIG. 4, with another loose fiber-plastic connecting layer 4 covered. Then it will as indicated in FIG. 5, a layer in the gaps between the filler bodies 2 Packing body 2 'used. A final, loose fiber-plastic connecting layer is then applied 4 applied and then the cover plate 1 placed. Up to this point are all loose fiber-reinforced plastic layers are not yet hardened; only after pressing together takes place a joint Polymerization, and the in Fig. 1 shown composite panel. The accuracy of the packing arrangement is only determined by the sum of all strived web thicknesses.

Even if the filling bodies are placed inaccurately, they slide during the Pressing in the right position.

In Fig. 6 is a piece of the composite panel on an enlarged scale shown, and to the left of the dash-dotted line a pressure diagram 11. The Curve 11 shows that on the same ordinate during the manufacturing process lying zones in the fiber-plastic layers take effect specific Pressure. In the curve part "la" is during the manufacturing process of the cover plate applied pressure indicated; with 'gb "is the one during the (described later) Compression of the cover plates in the boundary layer between cover plate 1 and below indicated Faeer plastic layer. This pressure is of the order of magnitude the external pressure. When the cover plates are pressed together in the Boundary layer between the fiber-plastic connecting layer and the filler bodies 2 locally occurring max.

Pressure is denoted by c. The packing bodies have numerous cells that are cut on the surface. This causes in the at the areas of the fiber-plastic layer adjoining the partition walls locally limited, relatively high surface pressures occur, which cause the enclosed Air is displaced from these zones and towards the cavities of the cut Cells migrate. By choosing moldings made from a suitable material if one has it in hand, the one that takes effect in the area of the wall (between the cells) Increase pressure to about 2c to 25 times the external pressure exerted. So you can be extremely effective with respect to moderate external pressure Driving out trapped air bubbles and locally excess amounts of resin and thereby a significant increase in the resulting strength of the components reach. 7 in view, 8 in side view and in FIG. 9 in plan view Cover plate 1 shown has a structured, wavy surface that is suitable for is favorable to the intended purpose.

Lo, 11 and 12 explain individual stages of a variant of the Manufacturing process in which a layer of filler material first in the not yet hardened Surface of the cover plate 1 used according to a gauge with light pressure and is then hardened. Then, as indicated in Fig. 11, a loose Fiber-plastic connecting layer 4 is applied. In this is a second layer Packing body 2 'used, which is one by the thickness of between the filling body 2' and Cover plate 1 'located pressed fiber-plastic connecting layer lower Has height than the packing 2 of the lower layer. The upper fiber-plastic connecting layer is then placed on top pressed onto the cover plate 1 until the composite plate has hardened - analogously the process described in connection with FIG. The local Pressure ratios that in Fig.

6 diagram on the left.

13 explains a further variant of the manufacturing process, in which also the second layer of the packing 2 'in the associated cover plate is hardened. This not only enables faster and more precise production, but also a reduction in the required amount of the relatively expensive one Achieve fiber-plastic material.

14 shows a particularly advantageous device for implementation of the method according to the invention. On the inside of the upper mold plate 9 and the lower mold plate 1o is an upper structured sealing plate 12 and a lower structured sealing plate 13. The latter has a thin edge zone and in the middle area on the underside for the purpose of saving material Recess, which is filled by a cheap plate 13 'made of wood, for example is. For the lateral limitation, angle pieces 14 are arranged, which are sharpened at the top Have edge.

A spacer 15 is placed on these elbows, which an elastic seal 16 carries on the top. Through a suction nozzle 17 the air can be sucked out of the circumferential cavity 18. This is in connection with the between bottom of the top sealing plate 12 and top the cover plate 1 located numerous smaller cavities caused by the wavy Surface structure arise. When sucking the air out of the cavity 18 is also the air is sucked out of the latter numerous smaller cavities, and it is generated by the air pressure exerted from the outside on the upper mold plate upper mold plate 9 and lower mold plate 1o located material pressed together, whereby the seal 16 is deformed accordingly. On the beautiful upper edges of the elbow 14 is - as indicated in the figure - excess, even more fluid, The squeezed out plastic 2o flow off and collect at the bottom of the cavity 18. The sharp upper edge of the angle (so-called squeeze edge) prevents the exit of the fibrous material. The pressure can be constant during the PreB or hardening process because the effect of atmospheric pressure is not caused by internal processes in the composite panel during manufacture, especially during the exothermic polymerization process being affected. By being able to use cheap, off-the-shelf materials (Chipboard for shape, angle and U-iron for edge design) is continuous despite Production process e.g. assembly line, (linear or in a circle) the individual design the plate elements can be carried out without any special expenditure of time and money.

The resulting pressures correspond to those indicated in the diagram in FIG. 6 relative values The effective external pressure corresponds roughly to the lowest Values of diagram 11 / b.

In Fig. 15 it is indicated that the filling bodies 2 and 2 'continuous Have channels 21, which are used to "relax" with respect to the vapor pressure. These channels are connected to the outside air or, depending on the specific purpose communicate with other rooms in the building. These channels are also used for recording of all kinds of installations.

Fig. 16 shows the structural design of the edge zone of a special Embodiment of the composite panel according to the invention. As Building board formed composite plate is surrounded with a metal armature 22, which the Transport and installation of the panels facilitated and also allowed in one statically and dynamically favorable way the forces acting in the interior of the Initiate composite panel.

In the edge zone, fillers 2a with the cover plates 1 and 1 'inclined surfaces used. As a result, in the edge zone of the building board between the fillers 2a webs, which point under a more suitable for the power transmission Run angles to the cover plate. In the edge zone enclosed by armature 22 the composite plate are filler bodies 2b of a corresponding shape and preferably greater strength, e.g. with additional webs like Fig. 17. The one shown in Fig. 16 Embodiment is particularly suitable as a load platform or pallet for aircraft or other means of transport.

The filler bodies shown only in cross section in the previous figures 2 can be implemented in various ways. The packing can either consist of individual, e.g. pyramid-shaped pieces or they are, as in 17-20 indicated, from individual components to prefabricated, elongated ones Filler bodies with interposed webs 3 composed of fiber plastic. In Fig. 2o it is indicated how filling bodies of different shape and size to one Unit are connected, with webs between the individual packing elements Fiber plastic are located, which were connected to the packing during the hardening process. It is essential here that all boundary surfaces facing one another adjacent packing with each other through the pre-pressed one located in between The web of fiber-plastic material 5 is connected, as shown schematically in FIG. 21 indicated.

In Fig. 22 it is indicated how from groups of filling bodies 2 rectangular, square, trapezoidal or triangular cross-sections, which are connected to one another by webs 3 connected by cuts along the dash-dotted line Slices cut off and thereby filler in the desired for the assembly Size resp.

Height to be made Fig. 23. Here it is for further assembly with cover plates or other composite layers made of fiber plastic important that the pre-hardened webs 3 at the front ends have a fibrous surface, preferably have protruding fibers 23, which when pressed with the cover layers Fig. 24, which at least in the connection zone still has an uncured fiber-plastic layer own, tangled with it during polymerization. The fibrous ends 23 on the pre-hardened webs can be generated, for example, that when cutting on the dashed lines, 22 cutting tools are used, which intentionally do not have an optimal cutting effect, i.e. it arises probably a clean cut in the few solid fillings, but not in the essential ones harder or firmer bars. There an unclean one arises from pushing and tearing processes Cut that exposes the fibers at the ends of the webs. In Fig. 25 - 27 becomes another preferred way of creating fibrous surfaces on the webs, shown. The prefabricated unit shown in FIG. 25 made of packing elements 2 and pre-hardened fiber-plastic webs 3 is as shown in Fig. 26, with 2 pressure plates 24, the knife-like projections on the side facing the packing unit have, so compressed that the knife-like projections into the surfaces penetration. The impressions in the packing close after pulling out the Plate 24 largely again, while the much harder webs split several times and splintered, so that the fibrous entanglement in further processing is made possible.

The prepared, prefabricated filler basket web unit shown in FIG. 27 is shown in FIG. 28 including the plate which has the knife-like projections 24 owns, shown on an enlarged scale. In Fig. 29, a similar one becomes Effect by upsetting resp.

Pressing causes. The ends of the web 3 are created there by the high pressure upset, so that the fibrous structure by delaminating on this Digit 23 is effected. In Figure 30, the becomes the fibrousness 23 at the end of the web 3 by a mechanical cutting or milling process causes. For this purpose, too, cutting tools are preferably chosen, the additional have a striking and tearing effect, so that not only slots are milled, but also the fibers on the surfaces of the notches become free.

FIG. 31 shows a section of the prefabricated packing unit according to Fig. 27 or 28 with the pre-cured fiber-plastic cover plate 1 with the help a fiber-plastic intermediate layer 4 firmly connected. The fibrous entanglement 7 is indicated on the contact surface of the fibrous connecting layer cover plate.

In FIG. 32, the same composite as the one prepared according to FIG. 29 is prepared analogously Bar and filler body shown. 33 shows the composite of the prepared filler body and the end of the web with the cover layer analogous to FIG. 30. In FIG. 34, the direct connection (Polymerisation) of a filler body prepared according to Fig. 28 or

Steges shown with the not yet hardened top layer ii.

The fibrous entanglement 7 is between the cover layer and the filler or The end of the web is also indicated between the web wall and the filler body. In other Fig. This illustration was omitted for reasons of simplicity.

35 shows the fibrous hooking directly with the cover plate with a web end prepared according to FIG. 29 and FIG. 36 the direct fibrous hooking with a web prepared according to FIG. 3b.

The pre-hardened units, consisting of fillers and webs with preferably fibrous ends can be joined together over a large area or in strips before they are further processed according to the invention.

In Figs. 37-43 top views of composite panel sections are shown. The lines shown schematically indicate the arrangement of the inner webs 3 inside Structure). In FIG. 37, the webs run side by side in one direction. In Fig. 38 run the webs 3 in one direction; in the midfield but they are interrupted again by transverse lines 3a, so that in this stronger stressed zone spatial structures, consisting of webs, are available.

In Fig. 39, they become perpendicular to each other according to the stress tapering webs shown, so that a rectangular web is created in the middle.

In FIG. 40, the run corresponding to the desired stress Bars in different zones are linear, namely at right angles to each other.

41 shows a diagram with linearly arranged webs 3 and three-dimensionally braced webs 3a (spatial structure in the middle field).

The structure, which is spatially more demanding, is located between four Suspension points 25 from which the forces are transmitted to the composite panel. In FIG. 42 the webs run essentially diagonally and in those of the diagonals formed triangles triangular, in such a way that more closely meshed in the middle field Accruals arise according to the higher load in the middle field.

In Fig. 43, the hang point 25 to hang point first becomes essential more powerful, straight webs arranged. The arrangement in Middle field is diamond-shaped; on the outside it is triangular. In this context it is mentioned that not only the arrangement, but also the dimensioning of the Strips determine the strength, i.e. particularly stressed zones can not only More closely arranged webs, but also stronger webs and connecting layers obtained between filling bodies and cover plates.

44 and 45 show cross sections through one above the other Packing, so that lattice-like, triangular web works, Fig.

44/3 or trapezoidal, superimposed latticework Fig. 45/3 develop.

Preferred manufacturing processes are schematically illustrated in FIGS. 46 to 49 indicated.

The cover layers 1 + 1 'provided with hardened fillers 2 + 21 Fig. 46 and 48 are manufactured side by side by applying the loose Fiber-plastic layer and compressed under pressure when erect assembled to form a composite panel Fig. 47. With this method, very long strips of the order of magnitude of sol - loo m joined together in one polymerisation process will. In this case, shaped pieces are cut out as they are later desired in such a way that reinforced edge zones in the later desired building panels through special arrangement of the fillers and the fiber-plastic connecting layers getting produced.

The connection of the two outer layers and the creation of the bond can by laying the prefabricated cover plate with hardened fillers on top of one another on the corresponding plate Fig. 48, as Fig. 49 shows.

Shorter composite panels are preferably put together in shapes, which move on a linear or circular conveyor belt, so that the same work processes occur at certain stations and after a certain one Distance required for hardening, demolding and reloading he follows. The prefabrication of the top layers, consisting of fine layer and bubble-free Fiber-plastic material is preferably carried out on a heatable, long track of at least 30 m and a maximum of around loo m in length. With a versatile, mobile The loading is carried out on the carriage. For example, the fine layer is through a closed cavity extending over the width of the plate and inside it at the Small nozzles used on the underside in large numbers in a relatively more precise manner Layer thickness with the help of the adjustable f ## door speed of the carriage and the adjustable Applied pressure without additional distribution work are necessary. The heating keeps the hardening process short and saves the otherwise necessary later Annealing. Glass silk mats, fabrics or staple glass fibers together with the one underneath cast resin film are also applied with the carriage. A toothed spatula serves to distribute the resin evenly. Immediately behind the feed Fiber plastic the impulse pressing devices are arranged so that at a driving speed of about 3 to 10 m / min. the fiber-plastic laminate across the entire width in one aisle is made bubble-free. In addition, in the same aisle you can immediately behind the Impulse compression devices mechanically apply and lightly press the filler bodies into the not yet cured laminate layer. At the edge zones are accordingly the desired end product other pieces of packing 26 when the two are pressed together Cover layers inserted.

The Fig. So - 53 show some features that by inserting special Packing bodies arise. In Fig. So it is indicated in the plan view where edge 26, filler with embedded fiberglass-plastic material, where for example steel reinforcements (drawn more strongly) 27 are arranged and where a cavity 29 is cut out, which is created by the subsequent cutting out of the cover layers. The fig. -51 shows the special design of edges 26 as a section through Fig. So as Example. Fig. 52 shows a section through the plate in the other plane at which edge 26, 2 nd .2 'tr # pez # 8rmige filler body, steel profile 27 and shaped piece 28 for the window recess can be seen. 53 shows a simplified representation Cut after 52 with the finished, pressed inner edge and the cut out Outer layers that are supposed to accommodate a window, for example. 29

The method according to the invention leads as a result of its material-appropriate, mechanizable or automatable manufacturing processes and the associated, great material and time savings not only at a comparatively very inexpensive one Component. The properties that can be achieved are also of great importance, for example: The bubble freexes, which are preferably created with the impulse method under high pressure Cover plates with an applied fine layer (gel coat layer) are not susceptible against the effects of the weather, acids and other media that affect them. The one on the The construction sector often has effective, critical vapor diffusion, which is particularly evident in fiber-plastic swimming pools very uncomfortably noticeable by often optically visible blisters inside caused by the vapor pressure building up inside the laminate will, is disadvantageous in the process according to the invention Effect uncritical. It has been shown that to this day they have mainly been hand-laminated or single-shell swimming pool panels manufactured using the known vacuum process, especially when the water in the pool is heated, after a while Time have blistering on the inside caused by the vapor diffusing into the fiber-plastic layer within the first 1 - 2 mm of the laminate finds bubbles in which the steam condenses. The in Increasing pressure on the vesicles eventually leads to them settling on the inner side of the layer slight protrusions - similar to measles - can be seen.

The previously inadequate procedures for solving such Problems have the consequence, for example, that even in the USA, which is otherwise as Pacemaker for the fiber plastic development are considered swimming pools made of fiberglass no longer play a significant role. According to the invention Processes with the preferred mode of making cover sheets address this problem solved perfectly. The prefabrication is completely independent of the production staff and is thanks to an automated production process with large, more uniform Precision or security carried out. The controllability in arrangement and strength of the inner structure and the possibility of these structures linearly or spatially training gives scope for optimal use of materials, i.e. particularly stressed Zones of the elements can be made more stable than others, less stressed zones.

The inner structure can often be made as thinnest as possible due to greater close-meshedness be designed #. This will be the most of all. avoided on walls and facades optically as a negative effect of the wtl. Causes cold bridges becomes, injiem with climate change on the inside or outside of an element fire Zones in the vicinity of the webs or between the webs arise, which are in the air bind the existing dust differently, so that such places will soon not be more sign off.

Of great importance is that which can be achieved with the method according to the invention, reliable and, above all, production tolerance-independent bond with the top layers, which is essentially in common with the production of the inner structure of the same type Material is created.

The application of the pressing process with the help of atmospheric pressure with relatively simple devices according to the invention with at least one structured top plate, which the structured cavity above the to be manufactured Connects the composite panel in a communicating manner with the edge section designed as an annular wall, results in the best possible variability in sizes despite continuous production processes or custom-made products, as they require little effort and without the continuous production process and without adversely affecting the reliable quality that is independent of the production staff, cheap special shapes can easily flow into the production cycle. This is of particular importance when new markets are set up, as they are smaller Reference objects only help to realize large orders.

The most important properties described, especially the impeccable quality combined with low material and wage costs at considerably lower prices than comparable developments, so that the inventive method a number of new, market price appropriate applications opening up helps.

The planar or spatial ones produced by the method according to the invention Deformed composite elements are used for: walls, ceilings, roofs, Swimming pools, cold stores, reefer containers, all kinds of liquid containers, including for acids, heavy-duty elements for air freight pallets and container construction par excellence, for shipbuilding, but also for vehicle construction, starting with load-bearing superstructures as a plate element up to extremely deformed parts, such as floor assemblies of cars.

Tower constructions with flat and curved element tables can also be used e.g. silos, but also pipe constructions are carried out with it.

The plate element can as a result of its variable high load capacity for example also as an emergency road or as an emergency airfield in which the subsurface is merely leveled and the panels with appropriate connections be coupled to each other. Finally, there are still many possible uses in machine construction.

Claims (17)

PATENT CLAIMS 1 * Method of making @ auel @ ment @ n from two cover plates exist with intermediate structure, characterized, that on a Base (10) is a prefabricated, pre-hardened cover plate (1 ') made of fiber plastic with a not yet pre-cured, connecting layer made of fiber-reinforced Plastic (4) serving as a lost shape filler (2) are placed, then the surface of these fillers and the one between them does not penetrate they a4covered interstitial space with a layer of a loose, with hardenable after night poly @@ risi @ rt @ m plastic-wetted fiber matertel .. rd, b @ d @ ckt will, on this fiber-plastic layer in you between @ nr @@@@ between the fillers sin # second layer of packing (a ') is used, which either before or after this Insertion with a layer of fiber-plastic material that has not yet been pre-hardened (4) Connected to a second cover plate (1) made of pre-shrunk fiber plastic so that finally on both cover plates (9 and lol in another Operation an externally acting pressure is exerted until the between the molded parts. Fiber # plastic layer and the between mold body and D.ckplatten located fiber-plastic layers (5) from @@ rt @ t and with the pre-hardened cover plates g9 and 1 ') are firmly v @ rbund @ n, whereby the printing direction or pressure directions so tin that on all of the fiber-plastic layers mentioned a force component acting essentially perpendicular to the layer is exerted. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, that filler body with surfaces sloping to the cover plates are used, and the thickness of the first Layer of filling material covering fiber-art @@ ff-layer and the dimensions of the filling material like that be chosen that after the onset of the second layer Filling bodies whose top facing the second cover plate over the top the still loose fiber-plastic layer protrudes at least 1, preferably 3 mm, and that by the pressure exerted on the cover layers, the second layer of packing material is firmly pressed into the fiber-plastic layers underneath (Fig. 5). 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least a layer of the filling bodies (2) serving as lost @@@@ in the assigned, still non-hardened top layer mechanically easily penetrates and hardened into this t 1 ') (Fig. 1o (7). 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the embedded fillers (2) consist of prefabricated groups of fillers #, which are connected by pre-hardened fiber-plastic-8tege (3 #) (Fig. 18 and 19). 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the webs t3) have a fibrous structure on their end faces (23) facing the cover plates (Fig. 17-36), preferably laterally also on those not covered by the filler body Sides of the web ends (Fig. 30) 6. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that both prefabricated, vorgbhärtete cover plates fl and 1 ') on their one another facing inner sides have a fibrous surface structure, preferably their natural, have the resulting surface structure during production without countermolding. 7. Uerfahren according to claim 6, characterized in that on a Underlay a layer of liquid plastic is applied, then a layer the fiber material is applied in a dry state. on both layers by essentially perpendicular joints directed towards the base are carried out in adjacent, grid-like zones, both layers are transported relative to the zones and the amplitude in the individual zones of the impacts from one area max. Amplitude decreases in the direction of the point where the machined material leaves this zone. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that cover plates with a structured, wavy surface can be used (Fig. 7 - 9). 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that for production the cover plate is a shaped plate with a structured surface that serves as a base, preferably a sheet of gridded wired glass is used. 10. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized by a lower one provided for placing the lower cover plate Form plate (im), a preferably arranged parallel to this and relative to this movably mounted upper mold plate (9), between these a closed, All-round, lateral, sealing even when the two plates move relative to one another Seal (16), devices for the lateral delimitation of the filling bodies (14), a circumferential cavity between the components for lateral sealing on the one hand (15) and lateral boundary for packing (14) on the other hand, a structured Cavity between at least one cover plate and an adjacent mold plate, which is with communicates with the circumferential cavity, and a device for sucking off the air from the circumferential cavity (17). 11. The device according to claim lo, characterized in that the Device for the lateral delimitation of the filling bodies (14) has a narrow, preferably has a pointed edge that extends to just below the height which the spatially adjacent underside of the upper cover plate (1) in the finished state achieved. 12. The device according to claim lo, characterized in that filling bodies can be used with numerous cells. which are cut on the surface. 13. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that used Moldings have channels (21) running through them in one direction (FIGS. 15 and 52). 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that used Moldings have recesses in the area adjoining the cover plate, in which at least 20%, max. So%, of the contact surface with the cover plates are cut out will. (Fig. 15) 15. Component manufactured by the method according to Claims 1-3, characterized in that characterized in that a metallic armature (22) is attached to the edge, which Covered top and bottom of plate-shaped components. 16. The component according to claim 15, characterized in that in the Edge zone is used to connect the cover plates webs made of fiber-plastic layer run behind a much more acute angle to the cover plate than in that of the area away from the edge zone. 17. Building board, produced by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that characterized in that they are preferably at the edge with elements for recording or transmission significant mechanical forces are provided, for example eyelets, and that of the area of these elements (25) starting in the direction of other elements fiber-plastic layers or webs (3) extend in a straight line (FIGS. 41 and 43). Top