DE1758313B1 - Use of an anti-ferromagnetic iron-manganese alloy - Google Patents

Description

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Move in oscillating systems of clocks, for mechanical in the alloys with ΔΕγ-Eftekt to vibrator as tuning forks and electromechanical the frequencies of a vibrator up to the sizes, filters, instruments, etc., so-called grain order of ⁰ I _00, and also the Temperature coefficient of compensation alloys, also called Elinvare, An becomes more negative. These magnetic field influences are also reversible, which temperature influences on the elastic 5 are mostly irreversible.

or vibration frequency. Habitual dilation and elasticity anomalies are also with

borrowed construction materials, such as aluminum, copper antiferromagnetics known. Analogous to the Ferrofers and their alloys, steels etc., nega- magnetics have an additional stretching due to the antitive temperature coefficient of the elasticity of about ferromagnetostriction, ie a J iT effect. The 20x10 " ^B grade" ¹ and more; with the compensation effect can reach up to the Neel temperature, analog alloys at least in some areas these become the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic, upper temperature influences to smaller values of 10 · 10 ⁵ half which with the transition to the paramagnetic degree " ¹ and more , possibly shifted to zero or even to the normal behavior of the elasticity again towards pre-positive values. In most of them lies. Also analogous to the ferromagnetic, the oscillation system is an oscillation frequency but 15 the origin of the striction is in a crystal energy, but here not only through the thermoelastic coefficient with oppositely directed coupled of the elastic member, but also through its spins.

Thermal expansion and the thermal expansion of the masses, the influence on the elasticity is for the oxides

or, in general, of all components of the oscillation system, including nickel and cobalt, clearly demonstrated it's correct. So there are z. B. a material used as a rod for 20 (R. Street and B. L e w i s, Nature, London, 168, Flexural vibrations have a negligibly small tem- Sp. 1036, 1951), and a shape antiferromagnetic operating coefficient The frequency has a negative striktion which is apparently also responsible for a distortion of the Frequency curve, if it is responsible as a spiral spring in the balance lattice against lower symmetry, system is used, and it must be in this latter. Among the metals, chromium shows a narrowly delimited one Trap due to alloy change or difference in elasticity anomaly at the Neel temperature and Lent treatment a more positive thermoelastic high-manganese alloy Cu-Mn (R. Street Coefficient can be set. On the other hand, in and J. H. S mit h, Le Journal de Physique et le Ra oscillation systems occur and instruments different dium, 20, p. 82, 1959) also show this. In this Stresses on, and different modules of the system but a phase change occurs, soft are decisive, e.g. B. the modulus of elasticity in spiral 30 in its direct effect on the elasticity of springs for clocks and for instruments, tuning forks, that of antiferromagnetostriction difficult electromechanical filters, etc., the shear module is separate and a dimensional stability when repeated in the case of tensioning straps for instruments, cylindrical- Conversion due to temperature change in question wound tension or compression springs, torsional oscillators.

electromechanical filters etc. and also combi- 35 The properties of the antiferromagnetics are nations of these two modules; it can even be unaffected by external fields, at least up to Be a determining factor in the compression module. Because of the fields that are common in ironless coils Temperature dependency of these modules can be achieved. In the case of an antiferromagnetic comf Ending Poisson's number is the material of any application so that compensation alloy occurs when the very detrimental issue occurs. 40 Shift in the temperature coefficient of elasticity In addition to requirements for elasticity, these and the frequency or the moment of force im Materials do not have any demands on small mechanical magnetic fields.

Losses, good processability, corrosion resistance- The present invention consists in use

ability, high mechanical strength, etc. to meet. an anti-ferromagnetic iron-manganese alloy The effect of the well-known compensation alloy 45 with

rungs, also called elinvare, are based on ferro- 40 to 85% Fe and

magnetic processes: In addition to the purely elastic 10 to 40% Mn,

Hooke's elongation under stress occurs _{dje up to m 5Q 0 / Co and Ws m 3Q 0 / Nj at most} additional magnetostructural elongation, and that however, 50 ° / Co -Ni and up to
global effect corresponds to a decrease in elasticity 50 150 / q. _ iyr ₀ __ w _ ^ c; _ γ
ity module. The process becomes Δ ^ effect or ν · _to

Δ £ y effect, depending on whether the gestalt or ^ ₀ / aj ■ g _e _ ^ j; _ J _x __ xju _u y _a __ p _u

Volume magnetostriction predominates. For the tempe- * * · ' ^TT '

Temperature compensation is then the drop in magneto- 15 ° / c -I- N - B

Striction against the Curie temperature used, and the 55 '

Alloy formation and treatment of these materi- als can contain, as a material for components with alien, is actually a setting of magnetic and a temperature coefficient of the modulus of elasticity, magnetomechanical properties. The effects are between -10 · 10 ^-5 and -10 x 10 ~ ⁵ degrees ^ ^first
in nickel, cobalt, iron-nickel-chromium, iron-co- From British patent 733 510 (German

balt-chromium, iron-cobalt-nickel alloys etc. 60 patent specification 1103 601) is already an alloy known where the temperature compensation consists of 0 to 68% Ni, 0 to 75% Fe, 10 to 30% the elasticity over more or less high tempe- Cr, 0 to 50% Co, 0 to 30% Mo or W or Mo -f W, Temperature ranges up to several 100 ° C are possible. 0 to 3% Be, 0 to 5% Ti, 0 to 0.6% C, 0 to 20 ° / Mn,

On the other hand, these ferromagnetic compensation 0 to 4% Si, 0 to 10% Nb, the remainder impurities, cationic alloys are sensitive to external magnetic fields because of the 65 on which they are based for the production of mainspring processes. Known for bands for watches, apparatus and the like. In the event of magnetic saturation by an external field, the alloys are made into wire, for example in nickel, the Δ

rollers 50% cold-formed, wherein the alloy after e additionally for one hour at 500 ⁰ C started.

Then the test bars were worked out by machining, thereby simultaneously superficial oxides and impurities have been removed.

The modulus of elasticity is made up of flexural vibrations

drawn down cold, then cold rolled and at 200 The only figure in the drawing shows the suspension

treated up to 600 ⁼ C, the ratio of the modulus up to and including the temperature of the five approximately 80% reduction in cross-section in the case of alloys α to e. The measurements were carried out on bars drawing to the approx. 90 ° / _{0 of} the original cross-section, which were produced in the following manner of cross-section reduction according to FIG. 5. First, the alloys from pure rolling were adjusted so that an orientation metal was melted in magnesium oxide tubs under argon with the maximum values of the modulus of elasticity in a pressure of about 100 mm Hg. TERIAL Ma from the crystal lattice predominantly parallel to the rolling direction bars were then warmdes band is obtained at about 1000 ⁰ C and the elastic modulus rolled. In the case of the alloys α and b , those of the strip were above 19,000 kg / mm ³ . Rods annealed to such a high io and slowly cooled down, the values of the modulus of elasticity are therefore for alloys c, d and e , the rods were desired by means of KaIt mainspring bands for watches, for example.
because then for this there is a great storage possibility for
the elevator energy is received, the output of which is about
a long period of time without any significant change 15
of the moment of force is possible, so that the gear in
is independent of the elevator condition over a large area. Neither due to temperature changes
caused change in the modulus of elasticity of such

Mainspring another variation in the above 20 of the test rods has been determined
The noted composition of this alloy has the thermoelastic coefficient of fourteen

The aforementioned alloys and other alloys in the specified range can be adjusted to the desired values by appropriate heat treatment and adapted hot or cold deformation in the desired temperature range, for example in the particularly interesting range between -30 and -r-60 ^{° C.}

In the case of steels with 11 to 14 ° / ,, Mn and 1 to 1.4 ⁰ A, of the range, so that materials with a temperature coefficient of 30 C, remainder Fe, are the so-called Had-NuIl temperature coefficients which differ only slightly field steels, which have to be used to manufacture tools with a modulus of elasticity, are used because they are of minor importance due to their high toughness and, on the other hand, the absolute level of this modulus of elasticity, impact resistance and wear resistance. to draw. They are in the austenitic state

The components according to the invention are not used by annealing at about 1050 ° C. and only vibrating elements of any kind that receive a temperature-cooling effect and must have a frequency that is independent of the effects of machining. In contrast to the y-alloys with a sen, but also statically loaded components. higher Mn content. which are tough and, thanks to their modulus of elasticity, maintain a favorable solidification even with changing temperature deformation, without the need to keep the temperature constant. such as 40 that, however, there are particular difficulties with chipping springs of spring balances, but also deformation without chipping or chipping into wires, bands, mechanically highly stressed components that occur in front of spiral springs or other components,
The additives of Al, Be, Ti. Zr, Nb. Ta and Cu er

Could occur if the elasticity possible precipitation hardening during the module changes. +5 additions of C and N the austenitic modification

As an example of such alloys, the fol-stabilize and, in the case of cold deformation, also a The following apply: generate higher strength.

on the rate of the clock, the latter in particular not because of the level of the modulus of elasticity can be influenced by the process step of cold forming.

The situation is completely different, for example, with the regulating element of a clock, such as a coil spring. Here every change in the modulus of elasticity acts as a change

a) 79 ⁰ Z ₀ Fe 21 ⁰ Z ₀ Mn

d) 69% Fe 26% Mn 5% Ni

g) 61% Fe 26% Mn 10% Ni 3% Cr

k) 63.4% Fe 26 ° _O Fe 10% Co 0.6% Be

n) 54 ° ' _o Fe 26 °' ,, Mn 20% Ni

b) 74 ⁰ Z ₀ Fe 26 ⁰ Z ₀ Mn

e) 71% Fe 26% Mn 3% Cr

h) 61% Fe 26 ⁰ Z ₀ Mn 1O ⁰ Z ₀ Co 3 ⁰ Z ₀ Mo 1) 63% Fe 26% Mn 10 ° ' ₀ Co l% Mo

c) 69 ⁰ Z ₀ Fe 31% Mn

f) 59% Fe 26 ⁰ Z ₀ Mn LO% Ni 5% Co i) 67 «Ό Fe 26% Mn 5% Ni

- ι) 11

m) 73.6 ° ' _o Fe 26 """Mn 0.4% N

Claims (1)

Claim: 50 Use of an antiferromagnetic iron Manganese alloy with 40 to 85% Fe and
10 to 40% Mn, which still up to 5O ⁰ Z ₀ Co and up to 3O ⁰ Z ₀ Ni. ^JD, however, not more than 50% Co - Ni. as well as up to 15% Cr - Mo -W-Si- V.
up to 5% Al - Be - Ti - Zr - Nb - Ta - Cu,
_fi and up to
° L.5% CNB may contain, as a material for components with a temperature coefficient of elasticity between - LO-LO " ⁵ and -LO-1O ^-5 65 degrees" ¹ . 1 sheet of drawings Copy