DE1645887A1 - Diesel fuel - Google Patents

Description

New ones intended for the printing of the published patent application Documents for patent application F 16 45 '»8 & 7 · 0-

4-5,599

Ine Standard Oil Company of Ohio
Midland Building, Cleveland / Ohio, USA

Diesel fuel

The present invention "relates to a new fuel mixture for diesel machines that use a metal naphthenate and dimethylformamide (DMF) to improve it Performance of the machines contains suitable quantities. For the Metal naphthenates suitable for purposes of the present invention are barium, calcium, strontium, tin ^ and magnesium naphthenate.

Metal naphthenates better than diesel fuel additives the power of keeping the nozzles and valves in line and in this way diminish the exhaust (jualm and the Increase the power of the engine · Dirnethylformamii shortens the Ignition delay time, which is a measure of the cetane number, and improves / thereby the done dimensions of the Traibstoffea.

It has now been found that the cetane number verbas-Httue Documents ^ tzivAbftSN

003884/1781

serning properties of dimethylformamide be promoted by the metal naphthenates present in the fuel additive according to the invention.

Napithenate soaps need efo / as = excess acids in order to to be soluble in fuels; however, excess acids tend to etch the injector. The addition of dimethylformamide increases the solubility of liaphthenatseifen in diesel oil without creating excess Acid is present; thus effects the addition of dimethylformamide protection of the injection nozzles against acid etching. Another advantage of the in the invention The additives used in diesel fuels are that they clog the filters due to ice build-up is largely reduced.

The disadvantage of dimethylformamide is that it promotes resinification and carbonization of the injection nozzle. The metal naphthenates act as detergents by adding keep the nozzles clean. By "-the-. Combination of the additives in the Ji esel fuel according to the invention the adverse properties of the additives back - * - 'pushed back, while the beneficial properties reinforce each other. '

used to make naphthenate soaps are appropriately derived from petroleum.

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Naphthenic acids of other origins can also be used, but have the disadvantage of higher costs. The acids derived from petroleum which are advantageous for the purposes of the invention are mainly those derived from those in the range of about .260 b. <tS about ⁰ G at atmospheric pressure boiling lubricating oil and gas oil fractions of petroleum were separated. These acids. Normally about 8 to about 30 Kohlenctoffatome per molecule and boil within the range of about 120 to 315 ° at an absolute pressure of 2 mm Hg. Such acids saponification can of about λ 50 mg to about 500 KOH per gram on a have a free base of unselfselfable products. It is desirable that the soaps be derived from mixtures of such acids which have an average saponification value below 225 mg KOH per gram.

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For the purposes of the present invention, a metal naphthenic concentration is used of 100-200 ppm, based on the metal, "is preferred; the higher amount 13t that which is necessary to ensure complete purity of a nozzle from the Pintle-ϊνρ, while the lower quantity with integral injection nozzles is sufficient. In general, amounts above 500 ppm are not economically beneficial be justified. The amount of dimethylformamide used depends on the concentration of the metal naphthenate. Amounts of dimethylformamide equivalent to the metal as taphthenate are preferred; however, about 25 to 250 ppm of dimethylformamide can be used.

The diesel fuels according to the invention were in a Tested diesel engine with one cylinder and in such a machine with multiple cylinders. When using the single-cylinder engine, every attempt was made with an initially clean injector and engine performance was read every hour. The machine conditions used were as follows:

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Compression ratio 15? 1 '

Machine speed 600 rpm

Degree of fuel injection 9 ml per 60 + 5 seconds.

Injection graduation 1 "3 ° BIG

Injector opening pressure 20Q0 psi

Injection nozzle wall temperature 38 0

! Temperature of the machine wall 1oo ° C "

inlet air temperature 65 ° - 0

The properties of the diesel fuel used are given in label I.

table I ■

ΑΕΙ density 35.4

Specific gravity "°» ^ö ^ 7 at 15 _f 5? O

Sulfur content

⁰
Yislcosity 99 ° 0 '0.9685 oks ..

Viscosity 33 ⁰ G 2.245 cks «

IBP- '185 ⁰ G

% 212 ⁰ G

.103S 218 ⁰ O

2Q? S ■ 229 ⁰ G

3Ö3fi ■ 237 ⁰ G

40? Δ "244 ° G

50? Ζ 251 ⁰ O

60 ° / ₀ 258 ⁰ G

70 / «·, ■ - 266 ⁰ C

80 ° / ₀ 276 ° C

9Of »289 ⁰ O

95? ' . 301 ⁰ O

E.P. . 316 ° E

Contains saturated compounds

Content of olefins ,
Content of aromatics

Pur die iferauohe roit ctea? ^ Single-cylinder ^^ Mas oh ine were

Mixtures of barium naphthenate and dimen-

008804- ^ 1-7 Bt

ethylformamide to the basic propellant in the table II The amounts reported were added and the engine was run on each of the treated fuels. The numbers written down are the average of 7 observation values, which were recorded in time periods of one year

7-hour test duration were read. The drifts
stoffeTin for exhaust smoke, misfire and strength. The lower the exhaust smoke or misfire values, the better the performance; the higher the strength values, the better the performance. ·

Table II

ppm additive in DMF - smoke Ignition
delay - The side rub off 0 2.9. 12.35 barium 100 · 2.8 12.24 power 0 0 2.2 12.65 10.47 0 45.5 2.0 12.50 10.50 100 91.0 1.7 12.07 1OV59 95 100 2.2 12.17 10.48 90 fjM 1.8 12.74 10.55 100 200 1.5 12.60 10.60 85 200 "1.1" 12.3t 10.54 j too too 0.8 12.70 10.66] 200 ' 10.72 * - ^1st 200 10.65

■. ; ..- "■■■ .. ■■■ .- 6 -

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AIb Baphthenat (contains 1 ι wt. Fo barium).

The data in Table II shows the improvements obtained with the combination of the barium naphthenate and the dimethylformamide over the base fuel. The figures show that with 100 ppm of barium as barium naphthenate without the addition of dimethylformamide, the exhaust smoke is reduced and the output is increased, but that there is a greater delay in ignition *

is given in comparison with the base fuel. With 100 ppm dimethylformamide alone no change with respect to the exhaust smoke, the ignition delay or the performance is almost observed .. The largest · ^v · improvement with respect to all three criteria was achieved with the use of equivalent amounts of barium as Bariumnaphthenat and dimethylformamide.

A comparison of calcium and Bariumnaphthenat in combination with diesel fuel is given in Table III re ■ '. These figures were obtained with the same single cylinder machine and under the same test conditions as in the previous experiment.

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part III (conditions identical to those in Table II)

ppm additive in diesel fuel

metal I.
ppm Ba D] ViF smoke 100 PPro Ca V 0 2.25 100 ppm Ba 0 2.07 100 ppm Approx 108 2.03 100 108 2.07 0 3.00

Ignition

delay performance 12.70 10.49 12.48 10.39 12.40 10.45 12.38 10.49 ~

13.02. 10.41

Those related to both metal naphthenates in connection

Results obtained with dimethylformamide are very similar. Although an improvement in terms of smoke formation, Ignition delay and performance achieved with 100 ppm barium or calcium naphthenate are the numbers at Presence of dimethylformamide even further improved ".

The faphthenates of strontium, zinc, and magnesium were made also tested and proven when compared with those obtained with barium and calcium naphthenates Values as favorable. However, from the economical point of view, barium naphthenate is preferred.

When trying to use a multi-cylinder machine, a General Motors 3-53 diesel truck engine was used. The engine was run for 2 hours under "constant" driving conditions, i.e. at 2000 rpm at 75 HP, and then operated under changing "traffic" conditions as follows:

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14 seconds. 650 rpm, without any effort

35 seconds 1500 rpm at 50 HP

21 seconds 1200 rpm at 38.5 HPj. ■

Then it was operated again for 2 hours "under" constant ' ¹ Pahr "conditions, etc. the total running time was 400 hours. The basic fuel used was the same as that used in the 1-cylinder engine test. The engine ran for 400 hours with the basic fuel without additives and then operated for 400 hours with the same fuel to which 90 ppm barium as barium naphthenate and 91 ppm dimethylformamide were added. The injection nozzles of the machine had 8 nozzle openings through which fuel was sprayed in. At the end of the running time with the basic fuel was at least one opening * Completely clogged with carbon, so that the spray pattern was disturbed.

In the presence of barium naphthenate and dimethylformamide the injection nozzles were as clean as at the beginning of the experiment and the spray pattern remained unchanged after 400 hours.

Claims s

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Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Diesel fuel with its performance enhancing additives . characterized in that it contains up to 250 ppm of dimethylformamide and up to 1000 ppm of one or more of the compounds Barium, calcium, strontium, zinc and magnesium naphthenate contains. 2. Diesel fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that that the content of dimethylformamide and the metal content des baphthenate are equivalent. 5 · Diesel fuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized. draws that the naphthenates are made from those naphthenic acids which have about 8 to about 5.0 carbon atoms and boil in the range of about 121 to about 315 ⁰ C at an absolute pressure of 2 mm Hg and of those at atmospheric pressure in the range of about 260 to 53ü boiling lubricating oil and gas oil fractions of petroleum originate. 4. Diesel fuel according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concentration of the dimethylformamide and equivalent of the metal in the form of naphtbenate and in the range of about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm lie. Documents (type? Documents & i