DE1640215A1 - Electric switch - Google Patents

Description

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German Patent Office _τ , _nn

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G / p 5o15

April 3, 1967 Έ / Τ

Jean Louis Gratzmuller, 66 Boulevard Maurice Barrys,

Neuilly sur Seine, Haute de Seine / France

Electric switch

The invention relates to electrical switches that are very respond safely and effectively, especially for high-voltage and extra-high voltage switches.

The invention consists essentially in switching off the To make an arc in a dielectric, which is represented by a liquid that is constantly under pressure, on the basis of their specific characteristic electrical properties of the dielectric material, such as the erasure capacity or the dielectric strength, can be improved, resulting in a higher turn-off performance and / or a reduction the volume of the dielectric mate-rialee and thus the Switching device made possible «.

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The invention, on the other hand, also consists in the energy, which is called pressure energy in the pressurized dielectric Liquid is present, to be exploited, this energy being used to actuate the movable contact of the switch in the sense of contact separation, i.e. for triggering the switch, «

It follows that when the moving contact of the notch devices (mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic etc. Irt) no longer in the closed position is held, the contact is torn away from the fixed contact to achieve triggering and separated.

A switch according to the invention has a separation chamber in which two relatively movable contacts, usually a stationary and a movable contact, are arranged and which contains a dielectric liquid, furthermore an elastic device which continuously pressurizes the dielectric liquid, a trip piston , which is mechanically connected to the movable contact, a cylinder in which the piston moves and which, with its end facing the movable contact, is in communication with the separation chamber , and releasable switching means so that the movable contact is selectively against the fixed contact dielectric

against the pressure of the / liquid acting on the release piston is led and held

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned dielectric liquid is a liquefied dielectric gas that is permanently in a liquid state under the action of the pressure exerted by the elastic device

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which are kept at a predetermined pressure.

As the dielectric liquefied gas, a gas is preferably used which has an increased extinguishing effect, for example, sulfur hexafluoride SF6 _e.

In a switch according to the invention, the elastic device, which the dielectric liquid under pressure holds, be a resilient pneumatic device, such as a pressurized gas cushion, which is applied to the dielectric Liquid acts directly or with the interposition of a hydraulic column. However, this device can also be a resilient mechanical device, e.g. a spring, which acts on a piston which is directly or below Interposition of another hydraulic fluid compresses the dielectric of the switch.

According to certain embodiments of the invention, the elastic device for maintaining the pressure has a hydraulic booster which works hydropneumatically or under the action of a spring; an identical amplifier can in certain cases be used as a source of energy to ensure that the closing operations of the switch are carried out safely , also as a means to pressurize the dielectric and as an energy amplifier for tripping.

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The switches according to the invention can also have devices for controlling the pressure and the volume of the dielectric Liquid, as well as devices to compensate for the Changes in volume and pressure that occur, for example, due to temperature changes.

With the switch according to the invention, a very effective deionization of the environment is achieved or an electric arc occurs drawn due to the pressurization of the dielectric fluid. The one prevailing in the dielectric Pressure counteracts the phenomenon of cavitation, which usually occurs when the moving contact is pulled The deionization and anti-cavitation that are achieved according to the invention have an even greater effect, when the pressure of the dielectric liquid is increased. Deionization can be made even more effective by circulating the dielectric fluid under pressure is kept inside the arc, the circulation being hydraulic Blowing results and can be carried out in a very simple manner in a switch according to the invention.

The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a simple embodiment according to the invention, in which the elastic device for applying pressure to the dielectric is represented by a compressed gas pebble that

acts directly on the free area of the dielectric. 009822/0750

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Figures 2 and 3 represent, in section, two variants of the invention represents, in which the elastic device is designed in the form of a spring which acts on a piston, which directly compresses the dielectric fluid of the switch.

Fig. 4 shows the partial view of a section through a Switch similar to that according to Figures 1, 2 and 3, but it is also a hydraulic system shown for blowing the arc.

Figures 5 and 6 are partial sectional views of switches analogous to those according to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 »the additional devices, control devices, compensation devices and have safety devices.

Fig. 7 shows a more complete schematic of a hydraulic actuation circuit and a maintenance circuit dee print according to another embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 shows a further variant of the invention in which the same elastic device ensures that the hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic actuation circuit of the switch and also the dielectric * »liquid is kept under pressure.

The switch according to Fig. 1 has an Irennkammer 2 in which a fixed contact 4 which is connected to a power supply line 6 lot, uttö a moving contact that is in a lead

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a contact jaw ΐο slides and with a current discharge line connected, are arranged.

In the arrangement shown, the separation chamber is mit.dem upper Connected to the end of an insulator column 14, which is extended in its lower part by a cylinder 16 in which a piston 18 or trigger piston slides. The piston is connected to the movable contact 8 via an insulating shaft 2o and an intermediate shaft tied together. The lower side of the piston 18 is via openings 19 »which are arranged in the cylinder 16, the atmospheric pressure exposed. Seals are at the junctions between the cylinder 16, the various elements of the column 14 and the Separation chamber 2 provided. The latter is attached to a sealed chamber 24 which has a liquid level indicator 26. The arrangement forms a sealed space, the The interior of the separation chamber and that of the chamber 24 are connected to the interior of the isolator column 14, for example via an opening 28. The movable contact 8 needs to move back and forth

too transverse to the bottom 3o of the separation chamber / not be sealed.

The structure of the space described has a dielectric fluid 32, which is permanently under by elastic means Pressure is maintained, which in the case of the Pig. 1 from a pressurized gas cushion 34 (e.g. air or preferably nitrogen) consist, which occupies the upper part of the chamber 24 and directly on the free surface 36 of the dielectric liquid acts.

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The end of the cylinder 16 that faces the "movable contact 8" (i.e. the top of the cylinder), communicates with the space associated with the dielectric, under pressure standing liquid is filled, the release piston 18 is continuously exposed to a force which is directed downwards and which exerts a pressure on the dielectric fluid across the surface of the piston, this force being the movable one Contact 8 to lift off the fixed contact 4 and as a result try to trigger the switch · ™

The switch also has releasable means for switching on, which are capable of b'-way contact with the fixed Engage contact and selectively hold it engaged. These switch-on means can be of any type, e.g. mechanical, pneumatic or, as in the case of FIG. 1, hydraulic means.

The hydraulic switch-on means can have a switch-on - = - Λ

screw jack 38, the piston 4o of which is attached to the release _{piston 18 via a connection 41 so as to be displaceable according to A r t of a plunger.} The winch 38 can be selectively fed with pressurized oil or relieved by a hydraulic switching system, which is shown schematically by a three-way valve 42. The hydraulic circuit is completed by a hydraulic booster 44, for example an oil-pneumatic booster, which is fed via a pump 46 which takes the oil from a container which serves as a relief container.

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In the switched-on position of the switch shown in Fig. 1, the oil pressure of the booster 44 acts in the switch-on screw jack 38 and holds the movable contact 8 against the fixed contact 4, so that the valve 42 in its "supply" position, which is shown against the pressure of the liquid dielectric 32, which is on the trigger piston 18 is exercised.

As soon as the thread 38 is relieved when the valve 42 is moved, the pressure of the gas cushion 34 brings about the dielectric liquid 32 is transferred, the shut-off piston 18 down and separates the movable contact from the firm contact.

In the case of a switch according to the invention, there is always an elastic one Force provided, which always ensures a release, whereby an essential safety factor is achieved and on the other hand, the disadvantageous phenomena of cavitation when leaving the movable contact is considerably reduced or be suppressed entirely by pressurizing the dielectric fluid that forms the cavity that forms upon shutdown created by the moving contact, feeds with fresh dielectric.

Such a switch can be used as a dielectric liquid, insulating oil can be used for separating the switch, but it is more advantageous to use a liquefied, dielectric, to use pressurized gas, since the elastic device is already pressurized, and since theee

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Dielectrics have better characteristic properties than that Have oil · Particularly satisfactory results will be

achieved

with the Sas SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) / where the pressure is applied with the aid of an elastic cushion 34 made of a gas, e.g. nitrogen, which has a liquefaction pressure which is significantly higher than that of Si ¹ S.

According to the invention, the elastic device is used for application the pressure on the dielectric at the same time as a release device, which is always available, and as a "device to maintain the liquid state of the dielectric gas.

A switch according to the invention can be controlled by certain control devices or safety precautions are completed, e.g. by the visible liquid level indicator 26, which enabled the determination of the correct filling with dielectric as the level of the SF6 liquid is visible a water level), through a safety valve 5o, furthermore through a cleaning valve 52 and a filling valve 54 »which serve for this purpose can, before the first filling is made, to expel the air from the system using nitrogen, and around to ensure a filling with SF6 and nitrogen may have a controller 56 for the pressure of the dielectric ? lüssigl: ei1. to be available.

In the variant shown in FIG. 2, only the upper ^f i * sil of the switch is shown? the lower part has the Sinsohaltantrleb, which is, for example, identical to the

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according to Fig. 1 or with another known training.

In this Variam, e is the elastic device, the one Applying pressure to the dielectric fluid, no longer a pneumatic device (e.g. a cushion 34 made of pressurized standing nitrogen according to Fig. 1), but a mechanical one Device, which is represented by a spring 58, which by the interposition of a connection 6o - 62 on a Acts piston 64 which slides in a cylinder 66

The interior of the cylinder 66 is in communication with the closed Eaum 32 of the switch, which is completely up to the upper boundary 68 of chamber 24 is filled with dielectric liquid, e.g., liquefied i3F6. It's far easier to arrange the cylinder 66 and the spring 58 at the lower part of the switch, whereby it is based on a calibrated, with the Piston 64 frictionally connected shaft 7o is possible, control the volume of dielectric fluid present in the system. Due to the choice of cross-section of the piston 64, the spring 58 need only have a low displacement speed during the release.

The invention also relates to a switch for triggering with spring force, the force of the spring on hydraulic Paths is transmitted without mechanical reinforcement or translation is necessary, and in which the same spring the maintenance of the pressure of the dielectric material (and especially the maintenance of the liquid state) causes.

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In the arrangement according to Fig. 3, the elastic door direction, which applies a pressure to the liquid dielectric, as in the case of Figure 2, a system of spring and piston, but this system is attached to the top of the switch; the cylinder 65 in which the piston 64 'slides is above of the separation chamber 2, i.e. at the location of the chamber 24 in Figures 1 and 2. The spring 58 'can be rigid on one Collar 72 be supported, which is attached to the upper end of the switch by the bolts 74, while the other end of the spring cooperates with a movable collar 76 which, when the piston 64 is displaced via the supports 78, is frictionally engaged is connected to a counter plate 8o and a push shaft 62 '. Because of this arrangement, a large diameter spring 58 can be used, the diameter being larger than the bore of the cylinder 65.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the elastic device _r, which applies a pressure, acts directly on the dielectric liquid which is provided in the separation chamber 2, as was described in connection with FIGS. 1-3 j the connection between the lower tree 82 the separating chamber 2 and the lower space 84 of the insulator support 14, however, only takes place through a large connecting opening, for example 28, in the bottom 3o ^{f of} the separating chamber. This connection is established by a channel 86 which is drilled in the shaft of the movable contact 8 and which opens into the tree 82 through the tip of the movable contact on the one hand and into the tree 84 through the openings 88 on the other hand. The movable contact slides sealed in the upper part 3o * (or at least with the inserts of the whole

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lower section in the section of the channel 86) in such a way that in the event of a trip, an intensive circulation of the liquid dielectric occurs through the channel 8, which causes a hydraulic blowing of the arc between the outer ends of the movable contact and the fixed contact 4 ^{1 is} drawn.

In Fig. 5 is an arrangement for controlling the pressure of the dielectric Liquid shown in a switch according to the invention. This arrangement applies to each of the above Embodiments of the invention, so that therefore only part of the isolator column 14 and part of the winch 16 in which the release piston 18 slides back and forth, is shown.

With the space of the switch containing the dielectric fluid, for example with the inner space 84 of the insulator column 14 ', one of the ends of a cylinder 9o is connected in which a free piston 92 slides back and forth, while the other end is connected to a hydraulic circuit which contains constant pressure oil. The chamber 94 of the cylinder 90 contains dielectric liquid under pressure, for example SF6 liquid, while the chamber 96 contains oil. The hydraulic K _re i _s 93 may include a pump 98 which is driven by an electric motor 1oo, further comprising an oil tank 1o2 and 1o4t a manostat which is responsive to the pressure prevailing in the chamber 96 pressure and its contacts 1o6 close, so that the motor 1oo starts when the pressure falls below a specified value P - · »%.

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When the temperature drops and with it a concentration of the SF6 liquid occurs, or if SF6 liquid escapes, or if in the case of FIG. 1 gas from the elastic cushion 34 emerges, the manostat 1o4 shows a pressure drop. Below of the pressure P, the pump 98 delivers oil into the chamber 96 until pressure is restored. Here, the piston-cylinder system 9o - 92 only plays a role in relation to the regulation (which can be slow), but it does not matter for the drive of the trip, because the connecting tube 1o8 only a very small cross-section compared to the tube 66 * (FIG. 2) which connects the cylinder 66 with the interior of the switch.

In contrast, there is an increase in the pressure of the dielectric Liquid on, e.g. due to an increase in temperature, this pressure increase is on the oil chamber 96 transferred and a safety valve 1o9 »that with the chamber 96 is in communication via a channel 111, the excess oil is drawn off as it exits into the tank 1o2.

The control device, which is described below, can be completed by a simple measuring device comprising a tap 11 o and a graduated container 112. When the cock 11o is opened, the oil chamber 96 can be emptied and the amount of oil contained therein can be measured, so that the position of the piston 96 and thus the volume of the SF6 liquid contained therein can be determined. Two taps 114 »116 enable the pump 100 to be switched off.

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6 shows another arrangement for compensating and regulating the pressure for a switch according to the invention. As in the previous case, this arrangement has a cylinder 9o ^f which is separated into two chambers by a basket 92 ^f. The one chamber 94 'is over a pipe 1o8 ^! with the space 84 of the switch in connection, the other chamber 96 'is connected to an oil circuit 93 with constant pressure. In this embodiment, the piston 92 'is provided with a graduated, protruding shaft 118, which enables the amount of oil and thus the SF6 liquid present in the system to be read off.

A manostat 1o4 * gives the command as in the previous pail to start the engine 1oo for the oil pump 98 when there is no Pressure; However, if the pressure is too high (e.g. due to thermal Expansion) the manostat closes its contacts 12o so that an electrical relief valve 122 is energized. Excess Ö] _ is in the tank 1o2 via a channel 124 returned. A branch channel 125 in which a tap 127 is inserted is set, results in a connection of the oil chamber 96 'with the Tank 1o2 so that the chamber can be cleaned, especially when filling the system.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment in which the hydraulic Control for switching on according to Fig. 1 with the device for compensating and regulating the pressure, as in connection with this with Fig. 6 is combined.

The hydraulic switch-on control includes the ready-to- use components, including the screw jack 38 and its

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Piston 40f the oil-pneumatic booster 44 »the oil pump 46 and its electric motor 57 »furthermore also the tank 48 · A manostat 1o4" causes the motor 47 of the pump 46 to start, if the pressure in booster 44 decreases.

The three-way cock 42 for filling and emptying, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1, is replaced by an on ^{/ off electrovalve 42 f} and by an off / off electrovalve 42 ', the electrical operation of which will be discussed below.

The piston-cylinder compensation system 9o * - 92 'is identical with the one described in connection with FIG. 6, the oil chamber 96 ' however, instead of being served by a special feeding system with constant pressure (pump 98, motor 1oo, manostat 12o) is fed via a channel 126 in connection with a hydraulic control circuit of the switch. The channel 126 is interposed with the oil chamber 128 of the booster 44 a pressure reducing discharge valve 13o in connection, so that the pressure of the hydraulic control circuit on the in the chamber 96 desired pressure is reduced.

If the dielectric fluid is SF6 fluid, the pressure can be of the order of 50 kg / cm when the Oil pressure in the hydraulic control circuit is in the order of magnitude of 2oo to 3oo kg / cm «

The outlet of the outlet of the pressure-reducing discharge valve 13o is connected to the tank 48 via a channel 132. in the In case of overpressure in the chamber 96 · (for example under

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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the action of an elevated temperature) the oil pushes the piston 134 of the valve 13o against the action of the spring 136 back so that it covers an outlet opening which.normally is formed by a flap valve 138. The excess oil escapes through channel 132.

The excitation of the coil 14o of the switch-on solenoid valve 42 is effected by a switch-on contact 142, while the excitation of the coil 144 of the switch-off electrovalve 42 ″ by an outlet contact 146 is created.

A contact on the outlet electrovalve 42 '' blocks the switch-on command, when the trip solenoid valve is opened.

As in the case of FIG. 6, the piston 92 * is provided with a protruding shaft 118 which enables the dielectric volume to be determined; however, this shaft 118 is used in the same way for automatic safety. If there is no dielectric material in the chamber 94 ', the end 15o of the shaft 118 closes a contact 152, which causes the coil of a relay 154 to be energized, which automatically closes ^{the excitation circuit 156 of the coil 144 of the shut-off valve 42 fl.} Thus, tripping occurs automatically below a minimal volume of the dielectric of the switch.

An interrupter 58 allows the excitation of the relay 154 to be switched off by hand and thus enables the release command to be canceled so that the switch can be put into operation again. A breaker I6o completes the system. ■ ..:. 009822 / UT 5 0 0 (,. G ₁ NAL! NSPECTED

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The embodiment according to Pig. 8 is a variant of FIG. 7 and FIGS. 1 and 2. In this exemplary embodiment, is the elastic device, which keeps the dielectric liquid 84 in the switch under pressure, by a gas cushion 166 of the Hydraulic booster 44 shown, and it forms part of the hydraulic control of the switch. This elastic Device does not act on the / electric fluid directly, but via the oil in oil chamber 128, in a channel 168 and in the oil chamber 17o of a system "consisting of cylinder and basket 162-164i whose chamber 172 is in connection with the inner tree 84 of the switch over a channel with a large cross-section 174 analogous to channel 66 'according to FIG. 2, which allows a large flow.

The cylinder-piston system 162-164 plays the same role as the system 64-66 of FIG dielectric fluid on re cite and on the release piston 18 transmits the energy required for tripping. On the other hand, the cylinder-piston system 162-164 plays the role same as the system 90-92 'of Fig. 7, that is, it is capable of compensating for changes in volume and pressure dee Dielectric guaranteed

Depending on the embodiment, the adjustment of the increased one takes place Pressure generally: amplifier 44 to the lower pressure in the dielectric fluid does not only have a pressure reduction til (like the Druokreduzieryentil 13o in Fig. 7) ι but that System bftftfcebtnd «us cylinder and piston 162-164 is also «It · ± α $ Ά Idlftrectlalkolben Yeraehen, deeetn surfaces that

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the oil chamber 17o and the dielectric fluid chamber 172 are related to the desired pressure. This is because the protruding shaft 118 * of the piston 164 has a larger cross-section than the shaft 118 according to FIG. 7 · The only other deviation in Regarding the hydraulic or electrical circuits used in the Pig. 7 is the arrangement of a Safety valve 176 in the oil circuit, replacing the drain valve 134-138 that is in the valve that has been omitted 13o is built in

A few embodiments for switches have been described above, but the invention is not limited to these types of switches, nor to the hydraulic controls described for switching on and maintaining the seal and the like. Release cylinders and pistons .16-18 can be provided at any other point on the switch compared to that shown as soon as the piston 18 is subjected to a pressure of dielectric fluid.

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Claims (14)

-19-5.4c1967 W / ϊ 'G / p 5o13 claims ι, 1. Electrical switch, in particular high-voltage switch, characterized by a separating chamber (2) in which a fixed contact (4) and a movable contact (8) are arranged and which contains a dielectric liquid (32), an elastic device (34, 58 ), which keeps the dielectric liquid permanently under pressure, a release piston (18) which is positively connected to the movable contact (8), a cylinder (16) in which the piston (18) moves and which with its end, which faces the movable contact (8), communicates with the separating chamber (2), and a releasable switch-on device (38) so that the movable contact (8) against the fixed contact (4) against the pressure of the release piston (18) acting dielectric liquid (32) is guided and held. 2. Electrical switch according to claim 1, characterized in that that the dielectric liquid (32) is a liquefied dielectric gas, which under the action of a by the elastic device (34, 58) exerted pressure is kept permanently in the liquid state. 3. Switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the liquefied gas is a gas that has an increased extinguishing effect bez.B. Sulfur hexafluoride SF6. 009822/0750 -2ο-5.4.1967 W / T G / p 5o13 4. Switch according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the elastic device (34, 58) is a resilient pneumatic device (34) represented by a pressurized gas cushion. 5. Switch according to claim 1-3 »characterized in that the elastic device (34, 58) is an elastic, mechanical device, the at least one spring (58) has which acts on a piston (64) which in turn compresses the dielectric liquid (32). 6. Sehalter-according to claim 4, characterized in that the Pressurized gas cushion (34) acts directly on the free surface (36) of the dielectric liquid (32), the cushion is formed in a sealed chamber (24) which is arranged above the separation chamber (2). 7 · Switch according to claims 2 and 6, characterized in that that the gas of the pressurized gas cushion (34) is a gas that has a liquefaction pressure which is significantly higher than that of the liquefied dielectric gas which fills the separation chamber (2). 8. Switch according to claim 4, characterized in that the compressed gas cushion (34) acts on a surface of a piston, which moves in a cylinder, and that the other surface of the piston directly or with the interposition of a hydraulic fluid is in communication with the dielectric medium (32) of the switch, so / Öass it under pressure in ■ is kept in a liquid state. 009822/0750 BAD original 5.4.1967 W / ϊ G / p 5o13 9. Switch according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the elastic device (34 »58), which the dielectric (32) holds under pressure, a hydraulic booster (44), which is either a hydropneumatic or a Spring booster is. 1θβ switch according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that the switch-on device (38) is a hydraulic control, the hydraulic supply source of which is under pressure, a hydraulic one Contains memory which acts as a resilient device that pressurizes the dielectric fluid. 11. Switch according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that a device for controlling the pressure the dielectric liquid is provided. 12. Switch according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized characterized in that a device for controlling the volume of the dielectric liquid present in the switch is provided. 13. Switch according to claim 11 and / or 12, characterized in that that the control device, the safety devices, the warning devices or the reset devices on one holds a fixed value in terms of size, pressure and / or volume. -22-5.4.1967 W / T G / p 5o13 14. Switch according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the movable contact (8) is hollow and that the hollow part (86) of the movable contact on the one hand with the separation chamber (2) and on the other hand is in communication with a chamber (32) filled with dielectric fluid, whereby a circulation of the dielectric fluid across the moving contact until it moves, and with the circulation a Flow of the dielectric liquid builds up in the zone in which the arc to be switched off is formed. 009822/0750 ι * ³ -t blank page