DE1589043A1 - Cooling device for electron tubes u. like - Google Patents

Description

description

sum Fatentr.csuch

of Varian Associates _} PaIo Alto, California / IT · Λ

concerning:

"Cooling device for electron tubes and the like"

The ü'rfindunf; refers to cooling device · ^ for Electron tubes and other devices that are cooled down. The invention relates in particular to an Italian must which is detachable from the 3: cooling device.

Originally, the cooling of rrer!. 'Ten, how Electron tubes, in that a Ctrür.unp, one Coolant, such as air or water, along the cooling surface. It was later suggested For example, the heat from the anode of an electron tube leads directly to a relatively extensive area To conduct limb, which is referred to as "heat sink" (the English expression "heat sink" also has its entrance into the German usage found as it is more comprehensive than the German expression "Kühlblech", which is nonetheless is used in the following; In this context, a cooling plate is also to be understood as a massive design of a cooling device). For example, a large metal support or an electrical device chassis makes a good heat sink. The problem exists naturally in the fact that normally the element to be cooled, such as the anode of an electron tube, is electrical must be isolated from the chassis to which it is attached.

Q098ia / 09T1

^m BATH ORIGINAL

Use a directly connected cooling plate accordingly to be able to, the Y.'iJrmeab drove who a dielectric between eggs. i to be cooled: metal part, such as the anode of an electron tube, and the metallic heat sink. I: ach dem r; e £ em: «rti.ren '" State of the art, EerylliUEoxyä. Is considered the most appropriate . "■ Material for the dual function, on the one hand a good electrical one Isolation su form and on the other hand a groove heat conduction be ViIr ken.

It has already been suggested that beryllium oxide between the anode of an electron tube and a cooling plate. However, these earlier proposals could not satisfy in every respect. For example, it was after the proposals that have become known that the Beryllium oxide permanently connected to the electron tube v / ar. It has also been suggested that the beryllium oxide thermal conductor was attached to the side of the tube anode ". The invention after the knowledge that a substantial improvement can be achieved by removing the 'noise glider' is formed and it is attached to the anode end at the same time instead of by their side.

The subject of the invention is accordingly a! ; · .'Eg through fixed components by means of a thermal conductor, which is detachable from the element to be cooled. This eliminates the cost of connecting the thermal conductor to the Device before it is sold, and additionally, the Reduced the number of thermal conductors required for interchangeable devices such as electron tubes are. According to the invention, for example, if a Electron tube only necessary to insert a new tube, because the thermal conductor is detached from the failed tube and reconnected to the new tube and used can be. "

The invention also relates to a thermal conductor which is attached to the end of the anode of an electron tube. This arrangement is simpler and more versatile in the

009812 ^ 911 BADO _fflGIN AL

1.5 B9 OA 3

! Iontac ^e of electron tubes in (Heil zu- ~ ehörir; en Cerüt. In particular, the arrangement of the t-ieminchen conductor at the end of the anode allows the tube to be v. ! -ze.nr.j because e'er diameter of the cylindrical outer conductor tier coaxial] eitunr not enlarged and more complicated structure rercien nut, in i.:with some cooling device susar.mennuvirken, Jie from the side of the anode v. ^f e ~ extends.

■ Jeiter is the subject of a lirfindunf lÖFbarer thermal conductor, which is constructed so ca "of the dielectric member to V the least possible thickness; ei.st unc zv.'sr indung in United '.- with the required gerinfntea ilarös: it ^{i.. !} t the anode r, eren Hasse, unrl in connection with the. -orin ^ str. The end . z;: oi Grüne en vivc a rerin-e Oicke des Dielcktrikuni.- strived for: once an -eel-nctcs ciieiektrisciies I'material, vie Her "lliumo :: vd, is very expensive. Second is so ~ ar ci.af? bestreeir-riete? or; 'lliunc: <: yf "« a not so -u.ter''..'"rneleiter'.-ie I.urrer, cq da ^ die- v.ir'-un-G- 'vo'lls-tc-v. "li * r. discharge then takes place-" t, v; enn the thermal connection ^: as much as the other day copper and se v: eni:. · v.'ie r .Could contain Eerylliur.oxyd.

"" G-ef en-stanc: 'the Lrfindunr' is finally one too Electron tube structure, that of the: inventive, imperious Head is adapted. Under "thermal. Conductor" is shown here the cooling plate alone with the connecting devices 'Understood.

Xn kursen Porten, the thermal conductor according to the invention consists of an Iletallblock, - a beryllium-Qxydblock, which soldered or welded to the Ee-tallblocl: and devices for the detachable connection of the metal block side of the thermal conductor with the cooling device. * ^R hen the thermal conductor is -Uses for cooling an electron tube, which has a conventional cap-shaped outer anode, the metal body vird in forn of a flat disc formed which Gland with the flat end of the anode; ... ν>; ird .

BATH ORIGINAL

With reference to the accompanying drawing, the subject matter of the invention is described in detail below: .

is a longitudinal section along the center line of a thermal conductor according to the invention, which is connected to the upper end of an electron tube anode, also in section is shown. The lower part of the stirrer is constructed as usual and therefore only in view shown. In the section of FIG. 1, a section of the cooling plate is also shown Devices for connecting the thermal conductor to the cooling plate.

Pir. FIG. 2 is a view taken from line 2-2 of FIG. 1 and is a plan view of the thermal conductor viewed from the metal side.

FIG. 3 is a view taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 1 showing the top surface of the metal part 1. with the 3eryllium oxide member removed, and

Fig. Jl is a partial section similar to the upper part of FIG

Tube according to FIG. 1, but showing a modified embodiment of the subject of the invention is.

1 shows a thermal conductor 1 in connection with an electron tube 2. The electron tube 2 is conventionally constructed with the exception that no cooling fins are provided, but that the cooling is effected via the thermal conductor 1, as explained in detail below . The electron tube shown in FIG. 1 represents & lu example 'a uer under the Type ¹ I CX "" Cv yon company ülHAC / Varian Associates Föhre prepared.

009812/0971 _BAD ORiGSNAL

The electron tube shown has an outer anode 3, which normally consists of copper. The anode has the shape of an inverted cap, bo that it has a cylindrical side surface k and a flat end surface 5, Inside the anode, the usual heating wire β is arranged within the cathode cylinder 7, which has a coating of an electron-imitating material to prevent an electron flow from the cathode to the anode 3 to enable. Between the cathode 7 and the anode of the usual cylindrical cage-like grating are arranged 8 and 9, the former as a control grid and the latter as a screen grid, at the end of the tube iist respect to the anode, a plurality of terminal pins 10 in a conventional V / else in a circular shape arranged, and a common connector and socket pin 11 extends down the center of the tube. With regard to the subject matter of the invention, the structure of the tube is not important in detail, apart from the anode, and is therefore not shown in the drawings in order to better explain the subject matter of the invention.

The thermal conductor 1 has a dielectric member. 14 in the form of a beryllium oxide block. The for the member 14 required properties are that it must consist of a good electrical insulating material, which at the same time has good thermal conductivity. At the time of the invention, beryllium oxide was by far that best material, because “these two conditional criteria are sufficient”

14 is hard with a Ketaaibloak 15 welded. The metal block 15 serves as gttt © therraisal connection that is not 10iUr between d * * Berylliuwaxjrdblock 14 and the anode 3v D * of the Setalibloek • In * ü »$ # ** idhn» t * t thermal conductor »a must, he will

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blook 15 BU reach, £ u bJfcdert block · hard-soldered Tfr # oii * «m,. like 'by di · U>% - x or

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00t812 / 0lt1 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

the beryllium oxide block will be 1 * 1 beforehand in the usual! -. 'iron metallized, so that the metallization surface 17 results. This need only cover a circular section in the middle part of the Eeryllium Oxydblock, its Diameter that of the metal bloom 15 at its end is equivalent to. It should be noted that the thickness of the solder or weld layer 16 and the metallization layer have not been drawn in proportion to the other dimensions shown, since they are so thin that they would not be visible in the drawing in a proportional representation with their actual thickness.

Another aspect of the soldered or welded connection between the beryllium oxide block 1 * 1 and the metal block 15 is that the coefficients of thermal expansion of beryllium oxide and copper are uncomfortably so different that if a beryllium oxide block is directly attached to a solid copper block such as the Block 15, would be soldered or welded, the different expansion unp; Skennv / erte would lead to a search of beryllium oxide. In order to prevent such a break, the surface of the copper block 15 is subdivided by slots 20 and 21 crossing one another, which results in a plurality of spatially separated projections 22. Accordingly, the beryllium oxide block 1 * J is actually soldered or welded to the ends of these port sets 22. If the main body of the copper block 15 is then displaced relative to the beryllium oxide block 14 due to their different thermal expansion coefficients, the Fdrfc- " seeds 22 can evade a bit and thus prevent the total force of the copper expansion. : or correlation on the beryllium oxide block exceeded

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ll «ine Mehraatii durltsfi ^ benier openings den · »tine in the drawing is ^ ft ^ ÄUt * Pfr

which are coaxial old the openings? # an ** or <Jnefe. Dj

BATH ORIGINAL

through the Γ-ietallblock 15 guided openings have a Section with a smaller diameter 25 next to the anode

and a larger diameter portion 21 next to the beryllium oxide block. The anode 3 is similarly equipped with a plurality of openings 27 which are arranged in the end surface of the anode so that they are flush with the openings through the thermal conductor 1. A thread is cut into the openings 27 in the anode so that they can accommodate the threaded bolts of three miter hoods which are inserted through the openings in the thermal conductor. The screws 2P have heads 29, velcbe sit on the shoulder, which is formed between the sections 25 and 2i with different diameters of the openings through the metal block. At the same time, the section 2C with enlarged corrugation is chosen to be long enough that it is able to take up the K "pfo tor screws completely and these do not protrude upwards into the" eryllium oxide block, so the entire thickness of the leryllium oxide block for electrical insulation ;; irl: sar \. ^r ird, as described in detail later i

It can be seen that the flat surface 5 of the anode has a conventional pipe socket 32. The Iletallblocl: 15 has a central recess 33. -If the above-described thermal connection is the reason for using the block 15, it can now be seen that the block 15 is also an adapter with a suitably shaped Metal surface to which the dielectric block 1 * ί can be attached. V. ^T hen namely the I -.. Would not be used 15 'etallblock and showed the same amount of electrical isolation of the Berylliumoxydblocks I ¹ I, as in Figure 1, is required Wilre, so would the Berylliumoxydblock l4 a larger thickness have to both the Shape shown for beryllium oxide block 1 * 1,

This would also fill the space that the copper block 15 occupies with two difficulties

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BATH ORIGINAL

Brinneh: First, the question of price, since the price of Bcrylliunoxyd is considerably higher than that of copper. Secondly, the inferior thermal conductivity of the Eeryllium Oxyds is disadvantageous over copper, so that if the length of the thermal dissipation through the Eeryllium oxide to the surface of the copper were increased, the cooling capacity of the structure would be reduced. If, on the other hand, the thickness of the beryllium oxide cap lh did not deviate from that shown in the drawing and a recess was provided to accommodate the suction pipe socket3 32, various problems would always arise w'iro over the shortest ab et and between the 'metal of the anode 3- n'^; .normally between rier. '.' τ itzo der, Toi.rstutzens ^ Z and ten r.etallicchen j'ühl'i.loch. r: c "-on ^f i, is a i'eite of the rerylliumoxyublock I ^ a: is" ft, '■: encntlici.cr; "c-rir .'- er als-c'ie' ^! ocamtiicl: e des Eerylliunoxydhloclx-ü. v; how it is now in Tall. For others, it is easy to create a good thermal connection between the anode metal and the oxide block in such a way that the latter can be removed instead of permanently soldered or soldered to the anode to be versckxjeiit. \. ^T hen r.an the other hand, the Absaugrohrstutzen at another "parts accommodate ': ÜR: ie, so that the end of the anode completely flat v:;,' Re and v; hen sonar the Eerylliumoxydblock, r; e _r" cn the Anode surface could be screwed in such a way that there would be sufficient thermal contact, the problem of the reduced insulation distance would still exist, since the screw heads 29 would then have to sit within the beryllium oxide and therefore the insulation v / ep; which would reduce eeryllium oxide.

As already noted, the free area of the beryllium oxide block is 1 * 1 in the representation according to Pi. 1, i.e. the upper surface, is intended for a tight connection with a metal cooling plate. As an example, it is shown in Fig. 1 that the Eerylliunoxydbloük I ^ let connected to a cooling plate 3 ¹ I.

009812/0171 bathroom original

The metallic tuIlet can also be a red metal mass, as can be a part of the device into which the watch is inserted. The beryllium oxide lock for the thermal connection of the mustard be brazed or welded to the cooling plate ₃ in each case oas cooling plate would have to have openings that are aligned with the openings 24, so you can reach the screws 28 with a screwdriver to loosen the tube but the beryllium oxide block can also be held on a cooling plate cooperating with it using conventional ilnapia 35, which are fastened by screws JC screwed into the cooling plate. As shown in Figure 2, three such boys form a suitable arrangement To create a contact surface for the ratchets on the beryllium oxide block, the peryllium oxide block 14 has a shape such that a base section 37 with a larger diameter and a section 38 with a smaller diameter abut one another , so that there is an inflatable shoulder for cooperation with the miners. However, the section 33 of the beryllium oxide block with the smaller diameter still has a significantly larger diameter than the adjacent metal block 15. In this way, the air gap between the electrical potential of the metal block 15 and that of the lugs 35 is not less than the thickness of the beryllium oxide block, so that the thickness of the beryllium oxide block is effective as an electrical insulation path, while at the same time there is a relatively short thermal overcan between the metal block 15 and the cooling plate.

Pig. 4 shows another Aus.fi'.hrun ^ sbeispiel according to the invention, wherein the connection between the thermal. Conductor 1 and the anode 3 is slightly modified. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, the anode 3 ^! a radially outwardly projecting plan 4l in the vicinity of the end surfaces 5 of the anode. In a similar way, the metal block 15 'has a radially outwardly projecting flange 42 on the side on which it comes to sit on the anode. The planes 4i and 4i have a plurality of coaxially arranged openings which are spaced apart around the circumference of the anode or the metal block

009812/0971

BATH ORIGINAL

iletallblocks are Geuindebolirungen such as "eggs" c-taliLlocl: can irerüen with the anode Nittel screws ^l \ 3 ally, the fnun freely through the openings in the Plansch Ar.ocle hl I.indurchrasen and with the threads in the f> f ~ en of the flange. K2 screwed to the I-'etallbloclc-15 * v.'crcen. The paddles kl and k2 kümien be designed in the form of a complete channel or consist of individual approaches that are spaced around the circumference of ί.ηοάο and metal allblock 15 »are distributed.

Patent claims:

- 11 -

009812/0971 bad original

Claims (1)

P a t e η t a η s p roe ho Cooling means for electron tubes unc "like in the form of a themischen conductor., The dio to be cooled I'e-tallflache with a cooling plate connects unci sur-facilitated the two Ketallteile- electrically insulated from each _s characterized relienn-.zeichnet that a Itetallblock (15.15 ' ) is connected to a thermal oxide block (1 * 1) and a thermal conductor by means of cartridges or shoes, which is visibly attached to the metal surface (5). 2) Cooling device according to Anr.i ^ ruch 1, rir-durch -elxiincedichnet ₃ that the '' metal block (15A? ') Is connected to the cooling -!' Metal sheet (5) and has the same electrical potential. 3) ■■ Cooling device according to claim 1. dac.urch ;; el: ennr.eichnet da. ^p »der Berylliunoxydtlocl: (I '') die Γο-rr. a flat disc with an outwardly au ^r s Flarsch (39) on the c.en Iletallblocl ·: abr: ev; has andten side. * O cooling device according to claim 3? thereby ~; ekennseichnet, that the surface of the metal block is smaller than the surface of the beryllium oxide, with which it is hard-soldered or fused. 5) cooling device according to claim 2, characterized "marked"; that the iletallblock (15) in the length of its circumference in the The side facing away from the beryllium oxide block (1 ^ 1) has threaded holes for screwing (^ 3). with the metal surface to be cooled (5) on many. 6) cooling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ileal block (15) and the beryllium oxide block (14) with aligned bores (2 ^, 25,2C) for receiving screws (28) to connect the metal surface to be cooled (51). . i2 - ORiGiNAL BATHROOM 7) Cooling device according to claim 6, characterized in that the bores (25,26) in the metal block (15) on the side facing the beryllium oxide block (14), an enlarged diameter (26) is equal over such a length the diameter of the holes (24) in the beryllium oxide block that the screw heads (29) are completely sunk can be. 8) Cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal block (15) on the side facing the beryllium oxide block (l4) has a large number of beryllium · Has oxide block brazed or welded projections (22). 9) Electron tube with a part of the housing, potential-carrying electrode to be cooled, which is provided with a cooling device according to claim 2 or one of the following, characterized in that the electrode to be cooled (3) has a flat surface (5) perpendicular to the tube axis and connected to the metal block (15, 15 '). 10) electron tube according to claim 9, characterized in that the metal block (15,15 ') has at least one recess (33) for receiving parts (32) which over the flat electrode surface (5) protruding in the direction of the cooling device (15,1 ^, 34), e.g. a suction pipe socket. 11) electron tube according to claim 9, characterized in that the electrode (3) threaded bores (27) for the Has screw connection to the metal block (15.15 '). 009812/0971