DE1464867A1 - Electromagnetic bistable relay - Google Patents

Description

Electromagnetic, bistable relay

The invention relates to an electromagnetic, bistable relay with an electromagnet, the Magnetic circuit has an axial core which is connected to a yoke that surrounds the actuation winding and which is extended beyond the actuation winding by pole jaws, the electromagnet also has a core which is axially slidable for actuating the contacts and dea? by a restoring force is biased into the rest position, with one of the two cores also having a remanence magnetism and from electrical impulses of opposite sign which are sent into the actuation winding

will,

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documents (Art 711 Abi, 2 No. I sentence 3 dee Amterungagös. of 4.9.1967)

H54867

is magnetizable and then partially demagnetizable, the magnetic force of attraction in the working position is greater than the return force and in the rest position when the core with remanence magnetism is partially demagnetized, the magnetic attraction force is smaller than the return force.

In a known relay of this type, the movable one P Core with a larger diameter via rods extending outwards between the fixed core and the Yoke guided «He stands in the one distortion, i.e. the working position with the yoke, and in the other End position - the rest position - with the solid core in connectionβ The in the rest position when aroused the actuation winding in the air gap between the movable core and the yoke generated magnetic Attraction counteracts the desired movement. In addition, the cylindrical air gap tends to tend due to the larger diameter too one-sided force effect and thus increased frictional resistance »

The invention is based on the object of avoiding these disadvantages and of creating a bistable relay, which is built in a single magnetic circuit without opposing air gaps and that in his equilibrium determined by the last control pulse

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position remains, even if an external mechanical Seeks to bring the movable core into the other position.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the movable core carries a magnetic collar, which lies on the other side of the actuation winding relative to the pole pieces.

This results in the advantage that the air gap between this collar and the corresponding pole pieces to the yoke increases the attraction force and _a uch acts upon returning to the rest position this air gap located on the other side in the desired direction of movement. In addition, the federal government still gives the possibility of avoiding a direct impact of the movable core on the fixed core. This is all the more important as one of these two cores is made of a magnetically very favorable, but mechanically not so strong material the effectiveness of the magnetic system between the nuclei is not

The part with remantant magnetism is preferably 909819/0908

BATH ORIGINAL

formed by the fixed core of the electromagnet "

If the relay is designed in this way, the two positions are in equilibrium of the moving core is stable. Even if as a result of an impact or any other arbitrary Originally the movable core was brought from the rest position to the working position and by an external one Force is held in this for a noticeable period, it will return to its rest position as soon as it is the cause of the disturbance «disappears. Furthermore, in the Ar-. providing the attraction of the part with remaneatment Magnetism so great that it is impossible to move the nucleus even under the action of a To adjust the shock, which is more than ten times the acceleration due to gravity.

Furthermore, the Uatsaohe enables the movable In relation to the electromagnet, the core works like a 2-ohm core, in particular as a result of the localization of the Air gap at the point at which the Jluß on the greatest is a great change in the magnetic resistance when the ^ Lais passes from the working position and vice versa. This peculiarity in connection with the change in the magnetization ' strength of the fasting core under the influence of the

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Control pulses allowed a "significant Rüokholkraft in to get each of the deadweight positions «The fixed core with remanent magnetism is preferably made by a magnetic material with lower Coercive force formed, ζ «Be a nickel-aluminum-cobalt degation ·

The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows a relay designed according to the invention in the rest position in side view below Break away τοη share,

Figure 2 is a perspective, exploded view of the various components of the relay

r 3 is an Axialsohnitt of the relay in the rest position on a larger scale,

FIG. 4 shows the relay in FIG Working position,

Fig. 5 is a section along the line 7-7 in Fig

Fig »β is a diagram of the forces as a function of the

Air gap a 909819/0908

- 6 air gaps of the magnetic circuit of the relay,

pig, 7 is a diagram to explain the mechanical actuation of the movable contacts,

8 and 9 are two circuit diagrams of two possibilities for supplying the above relay,

e 1 to 5 show the design of a bistable relay according to the invention with a remarkable one Switching capacity (e.g. 10A at 110 V AC voltage). This relay consists essentially of an electromagnet 1 with a movable one. Contacts 5 load-bearing axial plunger 2, the electromagnet 1 is carried by an insulating frame 4 on which groups of normally open contacts and normally closed contacts 5 and 6 are attached.

This arrangement is described in detail below.

The electromagnet 1 has at least one actuation lever 11 (Mg, 3 and 4), which are in a electrically insulating coil box 12 with an axial channel 13 is located. A flange 14 of the bobbin case 12 is supported on one end of a yoke 16 of the electromagnet 1 from pole jaws 15,

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which at the other end two bent tabs 17 has «Aa the delete 17, a collar 18 made of soft iron is fastened by screws 20, which is an axial Bears sleeve 19, in which a fixed core 21 of the electromagnet 1 is inserted. The core 21 has the shape of a circular cylinder

The fixed core 21 inserted into the channel 13 of the coil case 12 consists of a material with a low coercive force, which can be magnetized or demagnetized by a limited number of ampere-turns of the actuation mechanism 11 be used · such an alloy is # z _# 600 as known under the Hamen Jioonal.

The attachment of the core 21 can be in particular in the middle an adhesive 22 made of polymerizable plastic, which allows the exact setting of the position of the core 21.

The z-B made of soft iron movable (Dauohkera has a cylindrical axis that is coaxial with the core 21 Core body 23, which slides with a sliding fit in the channel 13 * Beyond the pole jaws 15 of the yoke 16 carries the core 23 is also made of soft iron

, · Bund 24 «

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Collar 24, which corresponds to the fixed collar 18 is "The stroke of the movable plunger 2 such that in the rest position (Fig. 3) a largest air gap E zwisohen opposing surfaces 25 _f 26 of the cores 21, · 25 is, while in the working position, the air gap is considerably smaller and becomes equal to the value _e (FIG. 4) corresponding to the minimum value. Incidentally, this smallest air gap can become zero, which does not prevent the relay from working properly. However, in order to prevent any destruction of the core 21 consisting of an alloy with low mechanical strength by impacts, a remaining air gap £ is preferably maintained between the surfaces 25 »· 26 in the rest position, which air gap is relatively small but not zero.

The movable contacts 3 are made of a so-called W-shaped gear system with amplification of the movement worn, which has two pairs of insulating arms 51 has from Preßmasee, which carry pin 32, with which they are pivotable in bearings 33, which ffiet by bent tabs one on the collar 24 by a 35 fixed plate 34 are formed. Each arm 31 carries a leaf spring 36 which is supported by a pin 37 is attached and is supported on a shoulder 38 formed on the free end of the arm 31. The spring 36

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runs out into one of the movable contacts 3. In the intended training, the relay has four movable ones Contacts on. Each arm 31 also carries an angle 39 which surrounds the leather 36 and has a holding cup 41 for a leaf spring 42 is provided, which one of the intended for the Tauchkera 2 elastic Rüokholglieder forms, which seek to bring him back to the rest position. Each spring 42 is on the yoke 16 through Screws 43 attached ^ If there were no connection, the leaf springs 42 would be parallel to the yoke lie · In the rest position they are held with a certain amount of curvature by the holding cups 41, as in Hg. shown so that they spread the arms 31 apart Looking for. ·

The insulating frame 4, which consists, for example, of molding compound and carries the fixed contacts 5 and 6 (of which there are eight), has four uprights 45 with a rectangular cross-section, which are attached to a fixed base 45 through which the fixed contacts 5 , carrying Ansohlußfahnen 47, 48 go. Other terminal lugs 64 (Fig. 2) are used to connect the actuating winding 11 via flexible conductors 63 and for the connection of the movable contacts 3 via flexible conductors 65-, (Pig. 1 and 2) _β

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The forces exerted on the "movable plunger 2" are shown in the diagram of FIG. 6, in which in direction 0-X the value of the air gap between surfaces 25 and 26 and in direction 0-Y the values of the various excitation conditions corresponding Kärfte are shown regardless of their meaning. When J and K are those of the rest position (air gap e) and the working _hours position (air gap j3) corresponding points shown. the characteristic of the elastic Rückholglieder formed by the leaf springs 42 is determined by the curve H The characteristic of the magnetic attraction force exerted on the plunger 2 by the energized actuating coil 11 is shown by the curve BO which is above the previous one, but it is such that this force is opposite to the previous one.

The training is made so that the force of attraction which acts on the plunger core 2 only through the solid core is exercised when the actuation winding 11 is not is fed and thus not excited, corresponds to a point A lying below the point G in the rest position. Furthermore, this force corresponds to a point De lying above point H in the working position

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Outer these conditions, when the "movable plunger 2 is in the rest position, the remaining force coming from the magnet JA-smaller than the return force JG of the leaf springs 42, when the plunger 2 is in the working position by an external mechanical action (air gap it) would bring the corresponding position, point A would ^{come to A!,} and if the design is such that this point is below point H (which does not present any difficulties, since the core 21 can be demagnetized accordingly) % the effect of the leaf springs 42 would remain predominant, so that the plunger core 2 would return to the rest position as soon as the cause of the disturbance disappears »

If the ampere-turns corresponding to the tightening element are sent into the actuating winding 11, an attractive force JB arises which is greater than the mechanical force JA _c The plunger 2 then moves in the direction of the core 21 and the air gap decreases Magnetische Anziekisags «- by virtue of geia & B a known law 'increases (Bogen BO) ·

The force of attraction is in the working position in which the air gap e is smallest (and possibly _{e zero)}

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Since in the division of labor the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is small, generates the pull-in excitation as soon as the plunger core 2 has reached the working position, an effective magnetization of the core 21 «■

When the pull-in pulse ceases, the force exerted by the correspondingly magnetized core 21 is K-D, which is greater than the return force K-H of the leaf springs.

During the movement of the rope core 2 in the working position, the. Arms 31 exerted a pull by the collar 24 and the bearings 33 · As a result of the support of the leaf springs 42 in the holding cups 41, this movement consists of a rotation of the arms 31 around their pins 32 in the direction of the arrow f ClPlge 4) and a bending of the Leaf springs 42 accompanied. The angle 39. drtjLoken on the leaf springs 36, so that the movable contacts against the working contacts 5 lfS ^en ·,,, ·. · ·. .

· ■ it · - ,; H? J.xf. r ^r -

The type of connection provided between the movable plunger core 2 and the contacts 3 is with the one in Ii ^. J. , W-shaped drive system shown, in which the rest position is fully extended and the working position is shown in dashed lines · The movement

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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of the (after 24 * coming) federal 24- apparently brings the contacts 3 to 3 ¹ »whereby at the same time an amplification of the amplitude of the movement (which can easily take place in the ratio 1: 3) and a change in the direction of movement of the driven parts compared to the drive part be generated"

Thanks to the selected W-shaped gear system to amplify the movement, the training can be made in this way that a significant return force acts on the leek core 2 and that it has only a small stroke These conditions are favorable for the leek kernel 2 to fall off well.

If in the actuation coil 11 the feedback pulse sent to return the relay to the quiescent state, bring the appropriate ampere-turns the point representing the magnetic attraction from D to a point below H. from from this moment on the return force of the leaf springs becomes 42 predominant, so that it brings about the return of the movable plunger 2 to the rest position

Also, turning on the ampere turns generates the Feedback excitation a partial demagnetization of the solid core 2t · This has the! consequence that at the end of this 909819/0908 Rüokführerre ^ uaf;

Rüokfuhrerregung the remaining magnetic attraction J-A is less than the force of attraction (J-D ') that would have been obtained if the tau core 2 mechanically from its working position to its rest position would have “This makes it possible, the Force J-G of the leaf springs 42 is considerably predominant close.

In fact, due to the time constant of the Magnetic circuit the movement of the plunger 2 in general before the magnetic attraction force the steady state for the relevant air gap has reached the corresponding value. This process takes place at the moment the pull-in excitation is switched on without influence on the one corresponding to the air gap Final state,

At the moment of switching on of the returner movement, however, it enables the increase in the magnetic resistance of the M _a gnetkreises before the ampere-turns have reached their corresponding to the steady state value to avoid an opposite magnetization of the fixed core 21st

There is therefore even a change in the amperage

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Windings for returning the Tauchkeras 2 in the Rest position in the ratio 1 ι 2 no risk of reversing the functions of the relay by reversing the Sense of the magnet

The initial magnetization of the core 21 can duroh a brief overload of the actuating winding of the electromagnet can be obtained

Below is an example of a counter for a relay with a switching capacity of 10 A, 110 V AC voltage specified with the following parameters: Consumption with alternating voltage t

Suit 7 W

- When it falls 3 W

Consumption with DC voltage

- 15 W ~ when drawn, when falling. 13 W.

Duration of the pick-up impulse (transition to the working position)

- with alternating voltage, 80 ms. . ,,

- with SleichspaanEoag 20 ms

Farmer

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Duration of the dropout pulse (transition to the rest position)

- "with alternating voltage 40 ms

- with DC voltage 15 ms.

In the above relay, the following values were used for the occurring forces determined:

Forces exerted on the moving core (Ln kg)

in the rest position

in the working position

elastic return force exerted by the spring

0.6

magnetic return force

A - Actuating winding not energized

0.1

B - actuation winding by a work 'impulse excited

greater than 0.6 (temporarily)

2.5

C · - Actuating winding excited by a rest pulse

0.05

less than 1 kg (temporarily)

Thanks to its better efficiency, the magnetic circuit with a plunger core enables the air gap to be located at the point where the S ¹ IuB is greatest

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is the creation of "significant magnetic attraction forces in the working state · These forces are generated by the plant of the federal government 24 to the Polbaoken 15, which favors the forwarding of the plus

In the rest state, on the other hand, the attraction forces are due to the considerable increase in magnetic resistance relatively small »Since the core 21 is also partially demagnetized by the return pulse, the remaining magnetic force of attraction in the rest position is low, which is important for the stability of the movable Diving core 2 is also cheap »

It should also be noted that the low magnetic Resistance in the working position allows the re-magnetization of the fixed core 21 without difficulty, provided that the work impulse has a corresponding duration

If the power is supplied with direct current from a power source (] pig · 8), you can control the relay For the actuation winding 11, two leilwJoklungen 11a, 11b are provided, which have a common terminal 52 and with terminals 53a, 53jb of a changeover switch 54 are connected «The power source 51 is between the

Terminal 52

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Terminal 52 and the changeover switch 54 are switched. The partial windings 11a, 11Td can then be taken into account the fact that the rest pulse requires fewer ampere-turns than the work pulse, the nature of the required Adapt work «,

When fed with alternating current from a current source 55 (l * ig · 9), only a single coil is required for the actuating winding 11 to be provided · The current source 55 is on the one hand with this actuating coil 11 and on the other hand connected to a changeover switch 56, the movable contact of which two in relation Connected in parallel to the actuation winding 11 Electric circuits supplied «The first electric circuit for the transmission of the work impulse contains a simple one Dry rectifier 57> during the second one dry rectifier 58 and one for the rest pulse Resistor 59 contains,

In practice, the parts 57 »58, 59 are in one block (pig. '2) fastened to the collar 18 by screws 62, with the connections between the block 61 and the socket flags carried by the base 46 by not shown, such as the Conductor 63 formed flexible conductors made

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The 'arrangement is covered by a removable insulating hood 70 supported on the frame 4.''" ^:

The invention can be modified of the movable contacts by the plunger 2 via any suitable motion transmission take place·

The $. $ Ψτι§ of the electromagnet can have a non-circular cross-section, although a circular cross-section is preferred. "Furthermore, the part with remanent magnetism can also be attached to the movable core instead of forming the fixed core"

The supply of the actuation winding 11 can for one Impulse takes place with alternating current and for the other with direct current »With a direct current control, the Consumption can be reduced considerably by switching on a capacity which only has a current pulse duröhiäßi;.,,

Claims

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Claims (8)

Γ464867 claims 1) Electromagnetic, bistable relay with an electromagnet whose magnetic circuit is axial Has core which is connected to a yoke which surrounds the actuation winding and which is via the Actuating winding is also extended by pole pieces, the electromagnet also having a core has, which is axially slidable for actuating the contacts and by a restoring force is biased into the rest position, one of the two cores also having a remanence magnetism has and of electrical impulses of opposite sign that are sent into the actuation winding are magnetizable and then partially demagnetizable, the magnetic Attraction force in working position is greater than the return force and in rest position when the core is partially demagnetized with remanence magnetism, the magnetic attraction force is smaller as the return force, characterized in that the movable core (23) has a magnetic collar (24) which lies on the other side of the actuating winding (11) relative to the pole pieces (15), 2) relay 909819/0908 No. 1 sentence 3desAnderunysy ^. ". <*. U64867 2) Relay according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rest position, in which the collar (24) on the polbaoken (15) rests, a residual air gap (e) between the opposing Surfaces (25, 26) of the cores (21, 23) are retained, 3) relay according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core provided with remanence magnetism (21 or 23) made of a nickel-aluminum-cobalt type alloy with directional magnetic Hardening exists 4) Relay according to one of claims 1-3 »characterized in that the core with remanence magnetism the fixed core (21) of the electromagnet educates 5) relay naoh claim 4, characterized in that the core (21) fixed with remanence magnetism one on the Jooh (16) of the electromagnet attached, protruding collar (18) from a magnetically permeable material is connected » 6) relay naoh one of claims 1 to 5, which has a connection in the form of swing arms, the 909819/0908 bathroom ORIGINAL articulated between the movable core and the movable contacts, characterized in that that the connection consists of an articulated V-shaped gear system (31, 42), which increases the adjustment of the contacts in relation to the adjustment of the core results, 7) Relay according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the return of the movable Core is done by springs (31, 42) in the form of lamellas " 8) Relay according to one of claims 1 to 7 »characterized in that the time constant of the return - lead winding is dimensioned in relation to the response speed of the relay so that the magnetic ' Resistance of the magnet increases before the return ampere-turns their steady state have reached the corresponding value « 909819/0908 BATH ORIGINAL