DE1458890A1 - Refractory component - Google Patents

Description

Kaiser Aluainue & Cheaioal Corporation , Kaiser 0 ent er, 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland * T, California (T.it.A.Ji

Refractory component

The invention relates to a refractory component, in particular measures to compensate for thermal expansion in such.

At least linked SWEi problems Wärmeauedehnung refractory materials under Betriebebedingungeh, especially in setallurglsahen furnaces with high operating temperature, are that he is not yet in sufriedenstellend been solved wines · Prior everything in fire "solid materials in a furnace or other construction, the Warmeeusdehnun * Not always the same, the inner or the incline of the floor of the refractory structural units expand more than the outer or cold ends of these insulating parts because of their higher tea temperature. In addition, since the refractory structural units, for example in furnaces for steel production, are subject to wear and tear, their enveloping surfaces are grooved, and the refractory wall or Deokenkonetruktio *

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gets thinner over time. It is not a consequence that that outer or cold itode of the refractory components hotter is ala when first heating up the stove. The cold end the refractory. Structural units thus has one in the measure of Diokenabnahroe derMtiind ~ or roof construction increasing The rope <U » refractory component ^ «r o * i of the new construction originally in the ft £ tte “wiping the hot and the cold surface, less than half of the thickness of the structural unit is reduced, among other things, about half the hot surface and expands accordingly stronger than this with the new oven of the The case was when the middle part of the fire-proof building units were only heated to a medium temperature.

Venn aich the refractory materials in a construction, for example in the vault of a furnace ·, insD ·· * special a cantilevered vault, where comfortable high tension is supported, nü * «« a the ·· Stresses absorbed by dtn five materials become, and the · Miäraeauadthnunj of the refractory materials attains a vital bond because this · If special precautions are not taken, the construction can easily be opened can lead.

In 9iaem of wedge-shaped, fireproof profiles on an oil-vaulted vault with no open door opening

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the inner surfaces of the refractory sawn-off parts expand When heating up, the oven is off, and the vault has that Endeavor to have see as a result of the thermal expansion. In addition, the entire weight of the vault in the case " a cantilevered vault on the inner surfaces of the refractory structural units, which are expanded under the effect of heat, so that there is a risk that these break under the stresses that occur.

In the case of a vault with sliding expansion joints, for example cardboard strips of clay with a uniform diameter, between the refractory profiles, which cover the side surface of a profile in geese, the burning out of the inflammable expansion joints fills at a temperature below the operating temperature of the furnace , AmM da * Dach turns. Even if a furnace ceiling, for example in a 3ieaans-ltertin-Ofee fmr "ie Btanlheirstellung without excessive * raising or Seeken mat the operating temperature of e» »raoiii is Teruraaeht the allmahliohe Temperatureunahme aer ttmlerea o4er cold f UUhe the refractory components due to" he Aphmtmng the heiima Wl ** h * ei »· allflfclleht i

a * * Keeea «* s

Ideally, a DeokeakeMPtraktlea would do a lot Furnace with so much leeway for the Varaesusceluittnc g -

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will be built so that it does not rise or fall when the furnace is first opened, as well as during continuous operation and continued wear of the hot surface of the refractory material. It has now been found that a furnace construction, in particular a ceiling vault of a furnace, and especially a cantilevered vault, can be produced, in which such a vault made of suitable fire-resistant profiles with the installation of an inner or hot-outside shelter between the profiles Creation of a larger expansion space and; with the installation of an external or cold-term expansion sleeve tea to create a lower expansion area, a device or a component to enable expansion with effectiveness at temperatures of only up to approx. 50O ⁰ C is preferably used as an external expansion device. For example, it has been found that both the inner and the outer Bfnungaeinlage can consist of deformed, arched or hammered files in a metal plate, which is arranged adjacent to the refractory profile, these deformed parts from the main plane of the plate or perpendicular to this plate Step further at the inner edge of the panel than at the outer edge of the panel if it is installed between adjacent refractory profiles. When heating a furnace using refractory elements according to the invention with bulges or

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hammered steel plates as expansion compensation the metal, especially on the hot surface, is softened and leveled under the strains of expansion of the worm, so that for 'the expansion of the refractory material Hardly exist. At the operating temperature of the furnace, the metal, especially on inner ends of the refractory profiles, either oxidize and melt and absorbed into the refractory material or flow out of the joint, whereby additional » lioher Hardly for the thermal expansion of the refractory Material is created.

In the case of a particularly "advantageous construction, in particular" with a furnace vault, and especially with a cantilevered vault, the desired expansion compensation is also achieved by inserting adjacent refractory ο i'rofile in the vicinity of their inner or hot-end inner Dahnuhcsausgleiohestrippen + ! which also consist of a material, for example a combustible organic material, such as kapier or ■ fappe, which is preferably eliminated by incineration at a relatively low temperature, for example at a third of the operating temperature of the furnace or not above 500 ⁰ C, and in the between Adjacent refractory profiles in the vicinity of their cold or outer ones find an outer expansion compensation strip which is also used. a material, beiopieloweiee

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Asbestos exists, which is eliminated by iierfall or decomposition at an intermediate temperature, for example half the operating temperature of the furnace or between approx. 500 and approx. 100O ^{0 C.}

The expansion joint according to the invention is particularly at Fired refractories beneficial, in particular for materials that also contain magnesium oxide and

grain η
Chromeieenera / exist. and are fired at a temperature at which a direct crystalline bond is created between the magnesium oxide and the otorhinolaryngeal oranges. Such refractory materials have "sufficient strength and resistance to deformation at high temperatures, so that they are suitable for the construction of self-supporting vaults"

«I.

refractory materials because of their high resistance * ability against deformation at high teaperAtures a less inclination than other refractories

calibrate under the action of clay

zir deform and are therefore in higher »degrees of danger tearing or flaking under such tension exposed. Mn exact expansion compensation is therefore at such directly bonded refractory materials are particularly important, but of course the materials used can also be used refractory profiles made of any, including fired

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as if made of unfired, refractory material.

The inner UehnungBauegleichsstreifen is made of a material at a low temperature, preferably from about 500 ⁰ G, for example by combustion, is not beseitigbar. Such combustion produces gaseous combustion products such as COg and water vapor, which escape with the furnace exhaust gases. Such a combustible material does not leave behind any disadvantageous residue that could adversely affect the refractory material o The inner expansion compensation strip is preferably made of an organic material, and cardboard has proven to be a particularly suitable material, the _x thickness of the inner expansion strip is preferably in essentially equal to the thermal expansion of the refractory material when it is heated from room temperature to the operating temperature of the furnace, »

The outer Dehnungsäusgleichsstreif s is made of a material which is swjaise destroyed at a EwiachentemperatuT, M.Bpie! Of between 500 and 1O00 ⁰ G, such as by vapor deposition or! Melting I "or by reaction with the refractory material of the profile. In general, it is desirable to have the outer strain relief to a small degree

Mehdrüokbar »Asbestos has proven to be a special

suitable material for external expansion compensation ■ '■■■■ 909812/0681

strip proved. Asbestos is particularly suitable because of its somewhat compressible structure as well as because of its
its chemical compatibility with basic refractory materials. The .Dicke of the outer expansion compensation strip is advantageously about 50 to 90 $, preferably about »75 $, the thermal expansion of the
refractory material when heating the furnace from room temperature to operating temperature.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing.

Figure 1 is a section of a side view of two. refractory profiles in a furnace or other with high temperature operated construction subject to * Construction of a thermal expansion joint between them Profiles according to the invention. The ace of the drawing is distorted by making the described construction, the horizontal dimensions are shown exaggerated enlarged.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a
refractory component according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective bar position of a modified embodiment.

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FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a further modified embodiment.

"The mode of operation of an expansion joint according to the invention can be described with reference to dex · Figure 1, in which two refractory profiles 11a and 11b are shown » which are built into a furnace structure, for example a furnace vault, that are subject to high temperatures

who should
Each refractory profile has an outer or cold end 17 and an inner or hot end 16. Between the ends 16 and 17 are the opposite side surfaces 14 and 15. In Figure 1, the side surfaces 14a and 15b are shown. In the case of refractory profiles for use, for example in a furnace vault, the rare surfaces 14 and 15 of the individual profile advantageously converge towards the hot or inner end 16 of the profile so that this eleventh wedge shape or tapered shape has.

An inner expansion compensation strip 12 and an outer expansion compensation strip 13 are inserted between the profiles 11a and 11b. The inner strip 12 preferably extends along the side surface 14 or 15 no further than half and preferably no more than a quarter of the distance from the inner surface 16 to the outer surface 17 preferably ^ _{ir nich} i ^ _#hr «(3 half and

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wise over no more than about a quarter of the abatand from the outer surface 17 against the inner surface 16. The inner strip can be narrower than the full width of the refractory profile 11, as shown in Figure 2, however, the outer strip is preferably the full width of the refractory brick 11 so that the joint between the profiles is sealed against the ingress of dirt and the escape of hot exhaust gases. Naturally the area of the outer strip should be at least large enough to bear the weight of the vault or other Construction to withstand «Since the load of the interior Stripe is far less than that of the outer stripe, the former can be smaller than the latter. At a It is the suspended ceiling of a Siemens-Martin stove it is preferable that the outer strip is at least over 15% of the length of the side surface extends inward and that the inner stripe extends far enough outward, to create a sufficient load-bearing surface to support the

to keep neighboring building blocks at a distance, preferably of at least 1 cm. The outer stripe can, however extend inwardly to the edge of the inner strip facing it.

In a modified embodiment according to FIG. 3 the outer expansion compensation strip 15 extends over the full length of the side surface 14 or 15. In this JPaIIe, the thickness of the inner strip 12 becomes such

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diminishes the overall thickness of the inner strip plus the underlying file of the outer strip 13 is essentially the same as the whole Thermal expansion of the refractory profile when it is heated from room temperature to the operating temperature of the furnace. When the-outer strip 13 extends up to inner J & räe 16 of the refractory profile extends and is placed under the inner deimization compensation strip 12, the x> icke of the inner expansion compensation strip 12 sulls about half of the total thermal expansion of the refractory building block when it is heated by Room temperature to the operating temperature of the furnace «<.

When the furnace vault, of which Jflgur 1 shows a section, is heated up, the inner stretching coincident strip 12 burns off or is removed in some other way, and the furnace burns up when the furnace is heated. Operating temperature, the side surfaces 14a and 15b on the inner side of the refractory profiles, as ^{"shown" by broken lines at Ha 1} and 15b, "approach" each other.

On the other hand, the other cold ends 17a and ITb of the refractory profiles 11a and 11b only slightly » if at all ^ heated and experienced only a slight stretch, * at the operating temperature of the furnace will be the outer or cold linden 17 of the refractory Profiles 11 through the outer ditch leveling tire

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aer his L & ga buifoeivUt, in their original position or kept "cold".

However, during operation near the office, the inner edges 16 of the refractory profiles 11 wear out until the thickness is reduced essentially to the thickness indicated by dash-dotted lines 16a "and 16b". In the case of itecke a Siemens-Martin furnace, this reduced thickness can be up to 10, a reduced, When this stage iet erreioht that äuiiereri Jinden 17a and 17b of the refractory sections 11a and 11b to a substantially higher temperature, for example at 800 ⁰ C is heated, and the material of the outer expansion compensation strip 15 lot, for example by destruction or decomposition, is eliminated, so that space is created in which the outer linden 17 of the refractory profiles 11 can expand, as indicated by the dash-dotted lines 14a " and 15b "is indicated. As can be seen, both expansion tires 12 and 13 are used up in the stadita dee operation, and the side surfaces H and 15 of the refractory profiles 11 have expanded so that they touch each other.

Although it is wbglieu to insert the inner and outer expansion strips Vl and 15 between each two refractory profiles 11 while these are being set, beii? Piü) .sweiiio uei dor ivr-ricutun.s cdnca Ofengev / Ölbeo,

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has ea is "comfortable proven _t the strips 12 and 13, for example by means of glue or other adhesive or Haftetoffea directly to one or both side surfaces 14 and 15 of the refractory sections 11 to attach to generally as before they are incorporated, specifically on vorteilhaftesten during the production of the Jf ro files and before they are sent to the consumer.

• Although it is preferable to provide expansion joints according to the invention between each pair of structural units, it is of course also possible to use the expansion joint)! to be provided at larger intervals, for example in every second or third joint or even less frequently. When the .Dehnungsfugen are not provided between each pair of adjacent refractory units, the thickness of the Dehnungsausglelohsstrelfen the total thermal expansion must be adapted to the number of refractory components between two expansion joints "For example, if the expansion joints rather than in each of each second ihxge are only intended ii must the expansion equalizing strips must be twice as thick as when they are provided in each joint. In addition to vaults, the principles of the invention are applicable to the creation of expansion joints in vertical furnace wall constructions and other high temperature constructions. The stretching equalization strips can also differ from Pigur 2, which the stretching equalization stripes 909812/0681

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and 13 shows attached to the same side surface 14 of the profile 11, be arranged on opposite side surfaces of the refractory profile, or instead of its half-thickness strips can be provided on both of the opposite side surfaces *

iJie steel plates can either be on the outside surfaces of the refractory profiles 11 attached or within embedded in the same or provided in both layers »

FIG. 4 shows a view of a refractory unit in which a metal plate, for example a steel plate X, is attached to a longitudinal surface of a refractory brick, and the inner and outer counterbalance devices are raised, bulged or bulged parts Z, Z ^{1 of} the metal plate near the inner and outer edges of the refractory profile, and the outer part Z is of a smaller extent at right angles to the main plane of the plate X than Z.

If metal plates or strips «wipe fireproof

co profiles used or attached to them, ο

^ it is generally desirable to have leeway for ^ the expansion or increase in volume of these metal plates

o to create as a result of the oxidation »Of course this is o,

α »expansion or volume increase as a result of oxidation a long-lasting process which is progressing

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alt the temperature changes and at high temperatures. especially in the area of U) OO ⁰ O, moves faster in front of you. At relatively low temperatures, such as occurs at the outer end of the furnace profile when the furnace is first put into operation, the expansion of the metals as a result of oxidation is practically zero, while inside or outside the fire-resistant building block is heated the operating temperature dee üfenn the metal is essentially completely oxidized

the oxide
lind / either absorbed in Uas refractory profile or aua the αΛίββ is squeezed out. In general, more or less the hot surface area is required for the oxidation expansion or increase in volume. On the other hand, the. Oxydationadehnung of the metal plates in the joints awiechen the refractory profiles significantly be and reach If general maximun of about $ 100 to the "thickness of the metal plates, while the ceiling as a result of wear on thickness loses' and dae outer or cold Knde to a'emperatur In other words, the plates, in their states of maximum expansion or increase in volume, are about two times as thick as the original metal.

^ jJenie / itaprechcnd is sufficient sa in », general, for the ^> Oxyrtiittonedehnun /; from iiotallplatten, where such are used ο , 2usätiilic} i aura \ /ü.riaedehnungnepielrauia am cold "» vnde dea Pitfilc e \ nen . ^ ehnnn ^ eapiclravin in the size of »witichen ^ O and yü> 1, voraugaweioe of 75%,

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the thickness of the metal plate or the - to provide plates which are arranged next to the refractory profile. When refractory profiles with expansion joints according to the invention to build a self-supporting Vaults are used »where the individual refractory profiles are not suspended by hanging devices or the like are worn, the ceiling is preferably built up with thick and less thick parts, by where the thick parts form ribs or bands, which aich from one abutment or support to the opposite abutment or support over the vault • extend. These ribs or rings stiffen the ceiling "

In the refractory article according to the invention, each expansion strip is on one side of the Profile arranged at the cold end or near it or on the hot end of the profile or iiausteines. If indoor and outer strips are attached to the same profile, the opposite and adjacent surface is the next adjacent profile stone preferably of such Stretch compensation strips free. Instead, the

inner expansion strips on a profile and co

° the outer expansion compensation strip on the adjacent _ »Attached to the surface of the next adjacent profile

• ^ be. In a further embodiment, both can ο

^m expansion compensation strips, each half the thickness of the co

~~ * Desired stretch leeway on opposite sides

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Fl legs »each profile attached and arranged in this way that when assembling the profiles to a construction, for example a blanket, the individual stretching strips close to each other and in the club

entire
create the / inner or outer expansion space with each other.

In Torangegangenen text the expression "cold ¹¹ area or" cold "end of that surface and that of Knde a profile or vehicle is located on the outside of the vault and is removed from the heat in the furnace most, while the" hot "Fnd or" healed "area means the area or area that is exposed to the heat of the oven. _e

The term "room temperature" refers to the atmospheric or ambient temperature at the time the furnace or other structure was built.

Although cardboard and asbestos have been stated to be the preferred materials for the inner and outer strips the execution forms of Figures 1, 2 and 3, can of course other equivalent materials used co

^ which are characterized by the desired property _ * show that they are through combustion, dissolution, • ^ decomposition, melting or the like within the

ο · ■■■■■

¹ P can eliminate the specified temperature range ,, ϋβ "~ * can therefore instead of cardboard, for example, tar, pitch, sulfur, sackcloth, wood, fibreboard or the like

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Instead of asbestos, materials such as mineral fiber mats are used will"

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Claims (7)

Claims 1. Fireproof structural unit, marked by a fireproof profile with an outer and an inner end " as well as opposite side surfaces wipe these ends; an inner strip of combustible material, which is attached to at least one of the two side surfaces at the level of the inner linden; and one outer strip of asbestos attached to at least one of the side surfaces in the cows of the outer .undes is attached. 2. Refractory assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner strip is made of ** appe. ' 3. Fireproof unit »characterized by a fireproof«} profile with an outer end and an inner end and sswei arranged between these opposite one another Side faces; an inner strip of combustible material attached to at least one of the side surfaces at the level of the inner end thereof, the less than half the distance rom inner The edge extends on the outer side along the side surface; and an outer strip of asbestos, at least « on one of the side faces near the outer one The end of the same is attached. 4. Refractory assembly according to claim 3 »daduroh characterized in that. Inner strip of 4 is made of ± * appe. 909812/0681 - 5. Refractory unit, characterized by a fired one Fireproof profile, consisting of Magneuiuraoxyd- ad Granules of chromium iron ore bound directly to one another are, with an outer and an inner end and two opposite ends arranged between these ends Side surfaces converging towards the inner end; an inner strip of flammable Material attached to at least one of the side surfaces near the inner end and extending over less than a quarter of the distance from the inner one End against the other end over the side surface. extends; and an asbestos strip that is on . at least one of the side faces near the the other end is appropriate and calibrated over less ale a quarter of the distance from the au Ji er en against the inner end extends over the side surface, the total thickness of the attached to the side surfaces outer tire approximately between 50 to 75 # of measure the thermal expansion of the refractory material between the side surfaces at the outer end of the profile Heating the unit from room temperature to the desired operating temperature and where the co ο total thickness of the inner, attached to the side surfaces Strip is essentially the same as the heat ^ expansion of the refractory material between the ο cn. Side surfaces on the outer edge when heating up the feuerco - * solid, material from room temperature to the desired Operating temperature of the unit. - 21 - ORJGlNAL INSPECTED 6. refractory unit according to claim 5 »characterized in that that the inner strip is cardboard. ' 7. Fireproof structural unit! characterized by a fired refractory profile, consisting of magnesium oxide (periclase) and chrome iron ore grains, which are directly bonded to one another, with an outer end and an inner end as well as two opposite ends, arranged between the ends, towards the inner end converging side surfaces; an inner strip of combustible material attached to at least one of the side surfaces near the inner end and extending less than a quarter of the distance from the inner linden toward the outer end across the side surface; and an outer strip of asbestos attached to at least one of the side surfaces in the vicinity of the other, the total thickness of the outer strips attached to the side surfaces being between the above. 50 and 75 # of measurement \ of thermal expansion of the refractory material between / the side surfaces at the outer end of the profile during heating of the unit from room temperature to the to * ο the desired operating temperature of the same and oo where the total thickness of the attached to the side surfaces ^ inner stripe plus the thickness of any Ct Tei3.ee any attached to the side surfaces -i outer stripe that extends to the edge of the inner one - 22 - ONAINAL. JNSPECTED extend substantially equal to the thermal expansion of the refractory material between the two Side surfaces on the interior find when the refractory material is heated from room temperature to the desired operating temperature of the unit and with the Total thickness of the inner strips at least equal to iejfc the Thermal expansion of the refractory material between the side surfaces at the inner end when heating up Room temperature to approximately half the intended operating temperature of the unit. 8. refractory assembly according to claim 7t, characterized in that the inner strip of cardboard lat. 9. Oven construction, characterized by several adjacent festive profiles that are next to each other arranged enemy and their jades an inner end arranged against the inside of the furnace and one against the outer end of the furnace is facing, inner strips of flammable "material that" wipe at least some of the profiles that are adjacent in pairs arranged near the inner ends of the same are, and an outer strip of Asbeat, the at least " between some of the profiles lying next to each other in pairs near the outer ends of the same * length ~ is arranged. 909812/0681 6AB OFBGlNAL - 25 - 10. Furnace construction, characterized by several adjacent refractory profiles «each one The inner end facing the inside of the furnace and one facing the outside of the furnace Outer find have inner strips of combustible 'material that are between at least some of the pairs adjacent profile · close to the inner one They are arranged in places and are less about less than half the distance a from the inner towards dl extend towards the outer ends of the profiles and run down Asbestos strips, dl · swisohen at least some of the profiles lying next to one another in pairs are arranged in the vicinity of the outer ends of the same, and About less than half the distance between the outer end and the inner edge of the profile stretch. 11. Ufen construction, characterized by several refractory profiles arranged next to one another, each of which a lying against the inside of the stove ·· lan · - » res end and one towards the outside of the oven lying outer ends have "inner strips of cardboard" between at least some of the profiles lying next to one another in pairs in the vicinity of the inner ones Ends of the same are arranged and are less than a quarter of the distance tob inner and opposite outer end of the profiles extend, and outer strips 909812/0681 OfHGtNAU U58890 made of asbestos, which is between at least some of the profiles arranged in pairs next to each other in the Placed near the outer walls of the same and extend over less than a quarter of the distance from the outside to the inside of the profiles » The thickness of the outer strips between two refractory profiles between approx. 50 and 75 # the thermal expansion of the refractory profiles between each two outer strip when heating τοη room temperature is the operating temperature of the furnace and where dl Thickness of the inner strips la is substantially equal to the thermal expansion of the inner ends of the refractory Profiles between the inner strips as they heat up ▼ on room temperature to the operating temperature of the furnace. 12. Oven ceiling construction, known without a Vaults made of juxtaposed fireproof profiles, each of which has an inner bandage against the inside of the deodorant construction and one against it the outer end facing the ceiling has "inner strips of combustible material that swisohen at least some of the paired side-by-side profiles are arranged near the inner ends thereof, and outer strips of asbestos which wipe at least some of the pairs of juxtaposed profiles in the vicinity of the outer ends thereof are arranged » 309812/0681 SAS OWGLAL 13. Oven roof construction, characterized by a vault made of juxtaposed, wedge-shaped tapered refractory profiles, each of which has an "inner end facing the inside of the ceiling and an outer" linden tree facing the outside of the ceiling, inner strips of cardboard that between at least some of the paired side-by-side profiles are arranged near the inner ends thereof and extend for less than half the distance from the inner to the outer find of the profiles, and outer strips of asbestos which between the profiles in the saw of the outer ends thereof are arranged and extend over less than half the distance from the outer and inner edge of the profile. 14 "Oven construction, identified by a cantilevered vault made of juxtaposed, wedge-shaped tapered refractory profiles whose each one lying against the inside of the deck inner end and an outer end facing the outside of the ceiling has inner stripes a combustible material between at least some of the pairs of adjacent profiles are located near the inner ends thereof and are less than a quarter of the distance. from the inner end to the outer end of the profiles } ' 909812/0687 Bab o * g, _nal T458890 extend, and outer strips of asbestos, which between at least some of the paired adjacent profiles at the height of the outer ends the same are arranged and their thickness "between two refractory profiles is about half the thermal expansion of the refractory profiles" outer strip when heating from room temperature to the operating temperature of the furnace and the Thickness of the inner strips zuztiglioh the thickness of a any part of any outer strips that extend to the inner ends of the profiles is substantially equal to the tfärraeausdehnung of the interior Ends of the refractory profiles between the inner strips when heated from room temperature to the The operating temperature of the furnace and the thickness of the inner strips are at least equal to the thermal expansion of the inner ends of the refractory profiles between the inner strip when heating τοη room temperature about half the operating temperature of the furnace 15 * Construction according to claim 14, characterized in that the inner strips are made of cardboard » 16. refractory unit, characterized by a refractory profile with an inner and an outer end, internal elongation compensators near the inner end, the internal expansion of which is equal 909812/0681 the thermal expansion of the refractory material when heated from iteum temperature to the desired operating temperature άΒτ refractory unit, and external expansion devices that only work at a temperature above oa. 50O ⁰ O are effective in the vicinity of the outer lindes, whose external expansion compensation is equal to about 50 ^ to 90? T of the Wäraeauedehnung of the refractory material when heating τοη üaumteaperatur to the desired operating temperature of the refractory unitο 17 * Fireproof structural unit according to spoke 16, characterized in that the fireproof profile made of nloht-saurea refractory oxide material. 18. Refractory assembly, gekennselohnet by a niohtsaures profile of refractory oxide old an inner and an outer end, an inner Behnungsauegleichseinriohtung in the IAHE the inner ^ ndes old one expansion compensation equal to the Wäraeausdehnung of the refractory material during Aufheisen ron Baueteaperatur to the desired operating temperature of the fire » ο fixed unit and an external expansion compensation · au> & direction, which is only valid at temperatures above 50O ⁰ O ^ is effective near the outer lindes old one ο ' σ> expansion compensation equal to 50 to 90 pounds of the sum of the co,. - * Thermal expansion of the refractory material at Heating from room temperature to the desired operating temperature of the refractory unit plus the thickness of any metals on the fire-proof profile near the outer end of the same. 19. Refractory unit according to claim 18, characterized in that the Dehnungsausgleiohseinrichtung au « There is bulges in a metal plate arranged on the refractory profile. 20. Oven construction, characterized by a Vaults, consisting of juxtaposed, wedge-shaped tapered fire-proof profiles, each of which an inner end facing the inside of the blanket and one towards the outside of the blanket has a lying outer end, an inner expansion compensation device, which "between aindeetene unite the fire-proof profiles in the height of the inner ends the same arranged and allows an expansion compensation, which is equal to the thermal expansion of the Refractory materials avoid the internal stretching devices when lightening the clearing tea door co to the desired operating temperature of the ceiling, and ο one, only effective at temperatures above 500 ^{0 O} ™ outer · / Dehnungdausgleichee ^ nrlohtung, which "wipe aindeetene; ο some of the fire-proof profiles near the feet * ° ends of the same are arranged and permitted an extension of the range from 50 to »9ϋ £? ^ R Bass H58890 Z5 The refractory material between the expansion compensation devices when heated from room temperature to the desired operating temperature of the back construction is. ^. ^ 90081 2706a 1 BAB